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Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a case study on the law that regulates disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Public Service (Act 8,112/1990). The aim of this investigation is to examine the features of the law that may lead to unfairness in disciplinary processes. Two theoretical concepts guide the investigation: "institutional corruption" and "administrative evil." Institutional corruption refers to rules, arrangements, and procedures that, despite their legality and ethical intent, exert a systemic and strategic influence that impairs organizational performance and effectiveness. Administrative evil alludes to the phenomenon in which public officials cause harm to innocent people while explaining away their responsibility, usually by projecting negative emotions to an external "object" (i.e., another person). Through a comparison between disciplinary processes and criminal cases, the analysis makes evident that Act. 8,112/1990 deviates from its original purpose of promoting ethical behaviour in the public service because it fails to provide individual protections to defendants. Thus, disciplinary processes in the Brazilian Federal Government can be seen as a case of institutional corruption that opens opportunities for administrative evil. The article presents measures to prevent disciplinary processes from becoming conveyors of institutional corruption and administrative evil and suggest a theme for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the territorial dynamics of the specialized healthcare network, focusing on medium and high complexity care in hospitals in the municipalities that make up the Belém Metropolitan Region. The analysis is based on secondary data from DATASUS available on the National Health Facility Registry (CNES) up to January 2022. The findings show that the private network accounts for the largest proportion of services in the region; however, the service capacity of the SUS is greater than that of the private sector due to the large volume of services outsourced to private facilities via public- private partnerships, with philanthropic hospitals allocating the largest proportion of services to public patients. This should not be confused with universal coverage, as public patient access to private services may be restricted by legal and institutional barriers depending on the form of access (open-door or closed-door). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyses the dynamics of start-up growth in Brazil highlighting the role of government, companies, venture capital and the innovation system in start-up policy. The most significant recent change in the Brazilian start-up ecosystem was the rise of growth-oriented entrepreneurship and start-ups. The 2021 Brazilian Legal Framework of Start-ups and Innovative Entrepreneurship is a milestone as it establishes mechanisms for the acquisition of products/services by the government provided by start-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Private policing is generally used to curb crime in certain neighbourhoods. The impact of an increase in these services on the city as a whole is unclear, as crime could shift from protected to unprotected targets, causing greater social harm. In practice, estimating this effect at the city level encounters at least two problems. First, the simultaneity between the demand for private policing and criminal activity requires appropriate instrumental variables to mitigate endogeneity biases. Second, the dependent and endogenous variables can have an excessive number of zeros at the same time, requiring the use of more specialized econometric models. In this paper, I combine Clotfelter's theoretical model for private policing and crime with Amemiya's econometric model for simultaneously censored outcomes, linking structural and reduced forms and discussing identification issues. Then, a regular Bitobit is modified to estimate reduced forms with many zeros outcomes in a set of copulas to improve censoring specifications with endogeneity. Finally, I conduct an empirical study examining an exclusive database from Brazil to discuss the copula approach, and the hypothesis that more private policing reduces crime at the city level is not rejected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given weak protections for whistleblowers in Brazil – a country with over one million federal civil servants and a well‐known history of corruption scandals – how common is whistleblowing? This study presents results from a survey completed by 652 federal civil servants in Brazil. Examining the incidence of wrongdoing, whistleblowing, and retaliation, as well as the role of gender and public service motivation (PSM), we find that women tend to report wrongdoing less often than men, are less willing to engage in subsequent acts of whistleblowing, and experience more retaliation. Similar to previous studies, PSM is positively related to whistleblowing and retaliation diminishes intentions to engage in subsequent whistleblowing. Unlike previous studies, we find that PSM is more predictive of whistleblowing for women than for men. In contributing new findings to research on whistleblowing in lower to middle‐income democracies, this paper contains important policy implications, particularly on the critical question of gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, which seeks to check the supposed potential of public social services to promote sustainable and equitable well-being, we assess, on the one hand, the magnitude of unmet social needs in Brazil in terms of additional public spending on education and health, and, on the other hand, the economic, social, and environmental benefits that might accrue from meeting these needs. Estimating the size of unmet social needs reveals abysmal distances between current service provision and a set of benchmarks. The huge size of these gaps reflects the lack of priority given to these services in the various national development projects of the past. In turn, the measurement of benefits, carried out with the help of the 2019 Brazilian Input Output Tables (IOTs), and the generation of an environmental matrix based on the IOTs, reveals that investments in these areas are key opportunities for promoting sustainable development. The greater capacity for galvanizing the economy and generating formal employment, and the smaller carbon footprint of public education and health services when compared to the average for the economy, stand out. Additionally, in comparison with the private social services provision network, public services stand out in terms of average wages, collection of taxes and contributions, formal employment, income multipliers and formal employment, and greenhouse gas emissions per unit of wage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of a geriatric oncology service is challenging in both high-income and low-and-middle-income countries. The Octavio Frias de Oliveira Institute of Cancer of Sao Paulo (ICESP) is a tertiary healthcare complex of the Clinics Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School and is considered a model of excellence in oncology in Latin America. The objective of this manuscript is to describe 10 years of the geriatric oncology service at ICESP and the challenges for its implementation. We performed a narrative description of the ICESP's geriatric oncology service and a general retrospective descriptive analysis of data collected from routine structured medical records of patients referred to the service from 2011 to 2021. This article highlights the different settings in which the service operates (outpatient, pre-operative and hospital follow-up). In this period, 1,700 patients were assessed for preoperative evaluation (median age 83.9, SD 4.95), 468 patients were evaluated for therapeutic decision (median age 79.4, SD 7.38), 968 in general geriatric oncology care outpatient clinics from 2012 to 2021 (median age 78.7, SD 7.91) and 1,391 inpatient evaluations. In the past 10 years, our geriatric oncology team has grown exponentially and changed its characteristics in order to adjust them to the hospital demands, raising awareness among the oncology teams about the benefit of using geriatric assessment and promoting multidisciplinary discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Económico de ICE is the property of S.G.E.E.I.P.C., Secretaria de Estado de Comercio, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The frontier between Brazil and Venezuela is approximately 2,199 kilometers long. It has been the scene of marked tensions and migratory flows due to the Venezuelan crisis, especially centered between the cities of Pacaraima (in Brazil) and Santa Elena de Uairén (in Venezuela). This border passes through isolated and difficult-to-access areas, with little public service infrastructure and currently has only one land crossing point, between the cities of Pacaraima and Santa Elena de Uairén. In this context, the fundamental objective of this essay is to analyze the territorial dynamics between the two countries, in the period 2016 and 2021, seeking to emphasize, from the perspective of the frontier in motion, the main socioeconomic consequences generated by mobility in this part. of the Amazon. The methodology used is based on the review of reports from Brazilian government agencies and pre-existing bibliographies of related research in Venezuela-Brazil. The question of the border strip implies the (re)cognition of the diversity and interdependence of the challenges, potentials and specificities of the two regions. The results point out important challenges in integration, health and education due to migration, as well as the similarities and differences in the internal dynamics of these two important countries in the border area, mainly in stimulating the sustainable and integrated development of the borders, valuing their cultural, environmental and economic wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery based on user needs can enhance PrEP access and impact. We examined whether telehealth for daily oral PrEP delivery could change the indicators of care related to prophylactic use in five Brazilian public HIV clinics (testing centres, outpatient clinics and infectious disease hospitals). Methods: Between July 2019 and December 2020, clients on PrEP for at least 6 months could transition to telehealth or stay with in‐person follow‐up. Clients were clinically monitored until June 2021. A desktop or mobile application was developed, comprising three asynchronous consultations and one annual in‐person consultation visit. Predictors influencing telehealth preference and care outcomes were examined. The analysis encompassed intent‐to‐treat (first choice) and adjustments for sexual practices, schooling, age, duration of PrEP use and PrEP status during the choice period. Results: Of 470 users, 52% chose telehealth, with the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) increasing over time for PrEP use (aOR for 25–months of use: 4.90; 95% CI: 1.32–18.25), having discontinued PrEP at the time of the choice (aOR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.40–6.06) and having health insurance (aOR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.24–2.94) and decreasing for those who reported higher‐risk behaviour (aOR for unprotected anal sex: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29–0.88). After an average follow‐up period of 1.6 years (95% CI: 1.5–1.7), the risk of discontinuing PrEP (not having the medication for more than 90 days) was 34% lower with telehealth (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45–0.97). When adjusted by mixed linear regression, no differences in adherence (measured by mean medication possession rate) were found between in‐person and telehealth (p = 0.486) or at pre‐ and post‐telehealth follow‐ups (p = 0.245). Sexually transmitted infections increased between the pre‐follow‐up and post‐follow‐up choices and were not associated with in‐person or telehealth (p = 0.528). No HIV infections were observed. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that telehealth for PrEP delivery can enhance service rationalization and reinforce the prevention cascade. This approach reduces prophylaxis interruptions and is mainly preferred by individuals with lower demands for healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the steady increase of the aging population in Brazil, older adults demand government services and actions more than ever. The present exploratory study analyzed the challenges and barriers faced by older adults when accessing legislative e‐participation platforms, considering whether the challenges would interfere with these citizens' empowerment. The study employed qualitative evaluations with 20 participants over 60 years old on the e‐Cidadania and e‐Democracia platforms. It involved responding to a questionnaire, using the platform—while usability tests and observation were conducted—and a post‐test interview. The results showed that, in general, the participants were interested in contributing to the e‐participation platforms and considered that these systems provide representativeness to them. However, the negative aspects of the design contribute to skepticism among older adults, which can demotivate them to use the resources. The results highlight how the interface features reinforce participants' distrust in the government and distrust in the e‐participation process as soon as they realize the information and language are complicated and the resource is difficult to use. They stressed that a more accessible language and a simplified organization of web pages could facilitate the use and boost older people's engagement with these platforms. The results provide reflections on the design of e‐participation systems and processes to promote real political participation of older adults in society. Although the study is not representative of the Brazilian older adult population, the qualitative findings and recommendations were delivered to the Accessibility commission of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies and have been used for guidance and improvements in the platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The politically motivated replacement in local governments is a pervasive fact in our modern democracies. Whether it has causal effects on the quality of public services, such as education, is a critical question and yet understudied. This paper uses a regression discontinuity design (RDD) for close elections to replicate Akthari, Moreira and Trucco (2022) who find negative effects on the quality of public education in Brazil (.05-.08 standard deviations of lower test scores). I first reproduce these main results, finding minor computational differences that have no effect on the conclusions. I also show that the estimates for Brazil are in general robust to different specifications following Brodeur, Cook and Heyes (2020). Finally, I implement the same RDD framework now applied to Chilean administrative records to find null effects on test scores. Taken together, these results suggest that political turnover has weakly negative effects on service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Motivation: Cash transfers have become popular for relieving poverty in the Global South. Many programmes are conditional on beneficiaries complying with medical check‐ups, nutritional assessments, and vaccinations. Such conditions may improve the health of beneficiaries, above all the health of their young children. But often public health provision is strained. Might the increased attention to those getting the transfers reduce health services to non‐beneficiaries, and especially those on low incomes who cannot afford private medicine? Purpose: What are the impacts of the largest and longest‐lived conditional cash transfer programme in the world, Brazil's Bolsa Família (BF), on the health of non‐beneficiaries living in poverty? Does the health of non‐beneficiaries suffer when BF requirements come into place? Do the health requirements of BF lead to increased administrative costs for local health centres? Do they squeeze remaining resources for health care? Methods and approach: Surveys from before and after the creation of BF are used to model the probability of death for infants born into poor households, comparing those enrolled in BF to those not included. The impacts of the BF programme on local health budgets are modelled through regression analysis. The analysis takes advantage of the varying degree of coverage of BF at the level of municipalities across Brazil. Findings: Implementation of BF led to lower risk of death of infants from beneficiary families than predicted by trends before BF, while infants from impoverished non‐beneficiary families developed a higher‐than‐expected risk of death. The benefits to the former group were larger than the harm to the latter group, which explains why BF appears to reduce infant and child mortality in aggregate. The expansion of BF depressed local spending on primary health care. Above all, more of the health budget and staff time was spent on monitoring compliance with health conditionalities. Policy implications: The harmful spillovers from BF to the health of low‐income households who were not included in the programme pose questions about the conditions that often accompany cash transfer programmes. In cases like Brazil, where budgets for public health care are limited, unconditional transfers might be preferable. Or, if health conditions are applied to cash transfer beneficiaries, then extra resources need to be granted to health centres to allow them to deal with the increased demand from beneficiaries for services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal Public Administration & Social Management / Administração Pública e Gestão Social is the property of Administracao Publica e Gestao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to analyze the organization and development of primary health care and surveillance, including normative frameworks and the implementation of local health actions. Qualitative descriptive multiple-case study involving three municipalities in the state of Bahia. We conducted 75 interviews and a document analysis. The results were categorized into the following two dimensions: approach to the organization of the pandemic response; and development of care and surveillance actions at local level. Municipality 1 was found to have a well-defined concept of the integration of health and surveillance with a view to organizing team work processes. However, the municipality did not strengthen the technical capacity of health districts to support surveillance actions. In M2 and M3, delays in defining PHC as the entry point for the health system and the prioritization of a central telemonitoring service run by the municipal health surveillance department compounded the fragmentation of actions and meant that PHC services played only a limited role in the pandemic response. Clear policy and technical guidelines and adequate structural conditions are vital to ensure the effective reorganization of work processes and foster the development of permanent arrangements that strengthen intersectoral collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How do cognitive micro‐foundations impact organizational decision‐making in public management? The study focuses on the relationships between two cognitive micro‐processes (intuitive, type I and rational, type II) and the contrasting organizational decision‐making approaches of strategic planning and organizational spontaneity. Drawing on survey data from managers working across a range of public services in Brazil, the findings reveal that rational reasoning drives both approaches to organizational decision‐making. Intuitive reasoning, on the other hand, is observed to drive strategic planning only. Two socio‐psychological mechanisms moderate the core relationships: bureaucracy strengthens the rational reasoning–planning relationship, but weakens the intuitive reasoning–spontaneity relationship, while organizational learning plays a critical role in activating the intuitive reasoning–organizational spontaneity relationship. Post‐hoc analysis of variance reveals a group of public service organizations that rely heavily on both decision‐making modes and highlights the core features enabling paradoxical decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the prevalence of abnormal cervical smear results among pregnant and non-pregnant women with and without representation of the transformation zone (TZ) in a mid-sized city in Brazil. This observational analytical and retrospective study analyzed cervical smear results from pregnant and non-pregnant women in a mid-sized city in Brazil. Private data were collected at private clinics over seven years and from public services over 16 years. All results were reported according to Bethesda System. Pregnant women were separated from non-pregnant women, and women were stratified into two age groups (25–29 years and 30–34 years) in general analyses. For TZ representation and cytologic-histologic correlation, there was no age stratification. Among public services cervical smears, the frequency of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) was higher for pregnant women in the entire group (odds ratio [OR] 1.91; confidence interval [CI] 1.07–3.39) and among women from 30 to 40 years old (OR 2.79; CI 1.38–5.66). The same occurred for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in the total group (OR 3.50; CI 1.44–8.53) and among women 30 to 40 years old (OR 4.57; CI 1.45–14.42). The frequency of ASC-US was higher in pregnant women with TZ representation exams than those without (OR 4.62; CI 2.17–9.84). The same occurred for those with atypical squamous cells, which cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (OR 9.81; CI 1.63–59.15) and LSIL (OR 10.47; CI 3.39–32.36). Among pregnant women with abnormal cervical smear results, 85.74% were followed up through cytology, and an average of 26.12% of patients underwent biopsy, of which almost all were positive for dysplasia. Pregnant and non-pregnant women did not differ in cervical smears with actual precursor lesions. Nevertheless, considering the opportunistic nature of Brazilian cervical cancer screening, prenatal visits present an opportunity to perform cervical smears in pregnant women. TZ representation correlated with higher rates of abnormal cervical smears, reinforcing the clinical importance of endocervical/metaplastic cell representation, including among pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water safety plan (WSP) is a tool proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the mitigation of risks in water consumption, and little is known about the challenges of its implementation stage. The goal of this work was to identify the facilitating factors and challenges regarding WSP implementation from a case study in Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with water supply public service providers who already have implemented such policy and with supporting institutions that helped with the process implementation. As a result, it has been identified that the WSP implementation is strongly influenced by the quality of WSP preparation process, which means that this process is the foundation of the WSP implementation; through internal management of the organization, whose administrative discontinuities thwart the actions' implementation; and through the relationship of the service provider with the external actors, which can interfere be it in the data collection or the WSP implementation scope's entirety. Lastly, it was possible to conclude that the WSP preparation process, the organization's internal management, and its relationship with external actors are the specific factors that impact the WSP implementation. The conduction and deepening of studies aiming to improve the tools of support for WSP implementation are thus recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital health includes, among other initiatives, the use of big data analysis techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) for prevention, monitoring and surveillance purposes in health. Still in an experimental stage, applications of AI in health had its development accelerated due to the Covid-19 pandemic. To promote the development of digital technologies in health, and as a consequence of previous developments, the federal government established a Digital Health Strategy for Brazil. Inspired by the Global Digital Health Strategy of the World Health Organization, such strategy was unfolded into actions for massive data collection, such as: the National Network of Health Data (RNDS), which is bonded to the Connect SUS Program, and the prognostic of Open Health. This work, therefore, aims to approach the broader context of the public services digitalization, devoting special attention to the Digital Health Strategy for Brazil 2020-2028. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Gestão Pública e Cidadania is the property of Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administracao Publica e de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1. Utilizing an observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter approach, participants will self-report the ability to evaluate major differences in south America public and private hospital service, as an opportunity for improvement and considerations for future practices applications. 2. Utilizing quality control, data visualization and comparation, participants will self-report the ability to identify key elements in the emergency service to support the decision-making of implement palliative care. In our observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study, four emergency services in the city of Campinas, SP, Brazil participated. A total of 293 interviews were conducted with one third of the patients eligible for palliative care (PC). Thus, there is an extreme need for PC services and hospice in Brazil. Currently, it is estimated that only 14% of patients who need palliative care (PC) receive it1,2. In Brazil, this movement is still incipient, there are only 123 doctors specialized in PC, 340 services, but none with a hospice model. Therefore, the emergency room is the main access for these patients2. Objectives: To identify and characterize the demand of patients eligible for PC through the eligibility scales: Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT-BR) and the functionality scale "Palliative Performance Scale" (PPS), in emergency services in a city of 1 million inhabitants in the state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. This is an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study involving four emergency services in this metropolis of SP, Brazil. Being two public service and school hospital, and two private service. Interviews were conducted with patients admitted to the emergency rooms, and the following eligibility scales were applied: SPICT-BR and PPS, determining the incidence of eligible patients, comparisons between public and private services, and associations with the main comorbidities and symptoms. Results: A total of 293 interviews were conducted, of which 23 were excluded, leaving 270 patients for analysis. Of this population sample, 101 (37.4%) patients were eligible for PC, 82 (53.2%) were in the public service and 19 (16.4%) in the private service. Neoplasia was the most prevalent disease, affecting 37 (36.6%) patients, and pain was the main symptom affecting 28 (27.7%) patients. There was a high number of patients eligible for PC who come to emergency departments with uncontrolled symptoms, leading to congestion of the emergency departments and avoidable suffering. This fact stems from the lack of PC Services and Model Hospice in the country. Thus, there is a need for efficient public policies related to PC and Hospice Quality Improvement; Models of Palliative Care Delivery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global South perspective rarely reaches the academic vanguard. While they represent over 80% of the world population, the voices from less developed regions often are ignored in academic debate. This fact produces an important disequilibrium in relation to the dissemination of knowledge, sharing of experiences and exchange of thoughts and, consequently, undermines and hinders the development of scientific disciplines. Forensic anthropology is no exception in this trend. The present article brings up the subject of the context of forensic anthropology in Brazil to demonstrate the interconnection of the professional situation of this discipline, its structural and bureaucratic limitations and their effect on the perpetuation of human rights violation. Various aspects of daily practice of forensic anthropology in a context devoid of basic resources generate a setting that affects both the victims and their families. Despite an outstanding performance and dedication of professionals, structural limitations often substantially affect the effectiveness of their service. The present article discusses these aspects in a conceptual framework of the relation between the practice of forensic anthropology and human rights violation. In this research, Brazil serves as a case-study, an intensively studied subject that brings interpretations that can be applied in a broader context. The article aims at opening a broader, international debate that would increase the visibility of the relationship between the practice of forensic anthropology and the structure generating and/or maintaining violence in a specific economic and legislative context especially present in the countries of the so-called global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes how local corruption affects health indicators. Using a random sample of audited Brazilian municipal governments, an objective indicator of corruption was constructed and utilized as an explanatory variable for health indicators involving different dimensions of performance. Using instrumental variables and a series of controls to assure robustness of the results, a causal relationship was found between corruption and the performance of public services, confirming a chain reaction. The study confirms that additional resources are necessary, but not sufficient, to guarantee improvements in the performance of local government services in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The economic, social, and technological transformations that cities undergo have a common denominator that leads to pressure for them to serve the population more effectively, promoting their local development. The objective is to analyze municipal strategies and digital public services, and their relationship with the strategic digital city in Goiânia, GO, Brazil. The research methodology emphasized a case study with a 6 variables protocol. The results obtained evidenced the diversified use of municipal themes, both in the disposition of municipal strategies and in the provision of public services with information technology. These services, when inserted in an effective process, lead to the citizen’s quality of life, connecting with the strategic digital city. For citizens, this broadens the debate on the quality of urban life, and for public administrators, it presents discussions on the urban environment from the perspective of local development. The conclusion reiterates that public services with information technology aligned with municipal strategies are part of an innovation process in favor of citizens’ quality of life and local development. They constitute a way to deliver public services with quality information technology to the population through municipal projects, such as the strategic digital city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban inequality is a highly complex and multidimensional phenomenon that involves several aspects, such as education, urban mobility, environment, technological or digital exclusion, food deserts, and inequalities in the distribution of urban facilities. Due to its impact on the living conditions of populations residing in the most deprived and unhealthy areas of cities, inequality in the distribution of urban public services is a particularly relevant issue. The measurement of urban inequality to discuss possible policy implications requires the synthesis of its sub-dimensions. Therefore, this paper applies the multicriteria method called ordered weighted averaging to evaluate the distribution of public goods in census tracts of the city of São Sebastião do Paraíso in Brazil. In particular, ordered weighted averaging, which allows the calibration of different degrees of non-compensability between sub-indicators and considers the heterogeneity of the census tracts, permits the evaluation of both positive and negative aspects of the studied phenomena. Two different composite indicators are calculated: the "Tax Index," which analyses the presence of public goods and the benefits in terms of property value and well-being that their presence generates, and the "Infrastructure Index," which examines the areas with the greatest lack of infrastructure. • Two composite indicators are constructed through ordered weighted averaging • The Infrastructure Index reveals priority areas for investment in public goods • The Tax Index shows which areas of the city benefit most from public goods • The indices form a mechanism for equitable allocation of public goods in the city • Taxes from the Fiscal Index fund public goods allocated by the Infrastructure Index [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the study: The objective of the research was to identify whether the application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) reasoning process mobilizes frugal innovation in the process of distributing high value-added oncological drugs, in Brazil. Methodology: Qualitative-descriptive research that, through the collection of primary and secondary data, was applied to content analysis with a priori categorization. Originality/Relevance: The relevance of the research points to the complexity of the parties involved, responsibilities, flows, bottlenecks and losses involved in the distribution process of oncological drugs and the intervention specificities necessary for assertiveness in distribution. Main results: The alignment of TOC with frugal innovation was evidenced, with regard to the development, production and management of services that present resource constraints, avoiding unnecessary costs. Theoretical/methodological contributions: As contributions to the study, the association and reinforcement in organizational theory and TOC tool with frugal innovation is pointed out, establishing an operational framework for the discussion and proposition of a future agenda on the use of tools that help the decision-making process, particularly in the health context. Social/management contributions: The research provides insights into the use of tools associated with the development of frugal innovation in processes and services of government agencies with limited resources and limited budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Brazil, the interstate road passenger transport is considered a public service. It is organized by a public agency, the National Land Transport Agency ("ANTT"), and operated by private agents which manage a wide and combined set of people and cargo's displacements around the national territory. The interstate road passenger transport is a service with high capillarity, as it connects urban centers of different sizes and uses the road network to carry people and cargo's flows. Interstate transport reflects uneven development, and it shows a diversity of spatial interactions that take place all over the Brazilian territory. Therefore, this article analyzes the highways of the municipality of Goiânia/GO, its uneven development, and interstate road transport of passengers. The text is organized in three parts which are theoretically based on bibliographic research. The results were based on population data provided by national public institutions and information about the interstate lines were obtained on the ANTT website in order to support the main article debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the actions of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) to develop soft skills in employees. An interview was carried out with the Personnel Training Coordination, document analysis and research with active public workers in the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração Universitária. The results highlight the need to adapt Competency Management to the reality of public higher education as well as the need to seek the development of soft skills. On the one hand, the legislation and the structure of the public service limits Competency Management and on the other hand, there is a need for managers to understand the importance of soft skills. Finally, it was identified that training actions related to soft skills are still not so prominent at UFSC and it is suggested to carry out research with an expansion of the sample of public employees to, finally, propose solutions that promote both Competency Management and development initiatives of soft skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population and geographic characteristics of each mobile emergency service directly interfere with its effectiveness, and there are several reports that the local actions developed by the service have immediate results that are little known. Thus, the objective was to identify the epidemiology of cases treated by the Mobile Emergency Care Service in the city of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. This is a retrospective, documentary research, with a quantitative approach, carried out at the Mobile Emergency Care Service in the municipality of Palmas, with data collected from May to June 2019. 3,037 registration forms for the year 2018 were evaluated. The data from the analyzed records were tabulated in an excel spreadsheet, and descriptive statistics of the data were performed. There was a prevalence of attendance of male victims (53.1%), aged between 19-29 years (19.7%). There was also a prevalence of clinical causes (25.7%), followed by traumatic causes (20.4%). Regarding external causes, there was a prevalence of traffic accidents (11.9%); among the clinical causes, seizures (3.1%), cardiopulmonary arrest (2.3%) and syncope (2.5%) predominated; and in obstetric care, labor prevailed (66.9%). The destination of care was predominant in hospitals. Therefore, it is concluded that most of the emergency cases attended were young male victims whose prevalence of causes varied between clinical and traumatic. It is noteworthy that these data, if included in the agenda of decision makers, can support better and more effective practices of containment and mitigation of recurrent diseases, as well as the co-responsible promotion of health through the proper use of mobile emergency service equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In May 2018, truckers paralysed Brazil producing a series of disruptions causing unprecedented immobility. The event was a logistical disaster, exposing major failures in commodity supply systems and causing monumental economic losses, cancellations of basic services, and the disruption of public services. In this paper, we approach this phenomenon by means of an urban study using the new mobilities paradigm and a dialectical character of social and spatial relations to help us understand what was going on. To accomplish this, we have performed content analysis of the virtual media during the trucking disruption and the 90 days that followed it. Our findings indicate that a paralysed society becomes disoriented and even aggressive when order, routine, and everyday life are disturbed. The paper concludes with notes about the consequences of immobility in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes an ethnographic approach to “administrative improbity” in the Brazilian public service. Based on the analysis of disciplinary procedures originated by an anonymous denunciation which led to the dismissal of an employee of the Ministry of Finance, I argue that the determination of administrative improbity depends on pragmatic conjugations between legal principles and actions of public agents, whose qualities are defined simultaneously and reciprocally in the descriptions that articulate them. This makes it possible to consider the principles of public administration as empirical phenomena of the same order as the actions that they supposedly guide or punish. Mistrust emerges as an implicit principle of public administration, supporting institutional forms and operating as a vector of the tensions and passages between what is described as trust and breach of trust in disciplinary processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under what conditions do collaborations between informal workers and the state in public service provision lead to socially beneficial synergies, and when might they intensify inequalities? This article, based on 14 months of ethnographic research, addresses this question through a comparative case study of two attempts to co-produce recycling services in São Paulo. The first, a grassroots organizing effort in the 1980s and 1990s, improved the incomes and conditions of hundreds of waste pickers and inspired a national upsurge of waste picker organizing. The second, an ambitious overhaul of waste management in the early 2000s, generated about 1,500 jobs but functionally excluded the very population of street waste pickers it was designed to benefit. The findings suggest that co-production is most likely to lead to pro-poor outcomes if concerted efforts are made to level inequalities between poor constituents and more powerful stakeholders during processes of policy design and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Contabilidade do Mestrado em Ciências Contábeis da UERJ is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The National School Feeding Program (in abbreviated Portuguese: PNAE) states that ≥30% of the amount transferred by the National Fund for Education Development (in abbreviated Portuguese: FNDE) to the executing entities should be used to purchase products made from Family Farming (FF). This study aimed to identify the municipal characteristics associated with the compliance of the municipalities of Minas Gerais (MG) to this target in 2017. For this, data on municipal purchases of FF for the PNAE were obtained from the FNDE's website. Sociodemographic, economic, and agricultural characteristics of the municipalities were associated with compliance to the PNAE's goal. Approximately half (55.07%) of the municipalities complied with the FF purchase target, wherein carrying out programs or actions to encourage organic agriculture (29.8% vs. 22.6%, p=0.018) were associated with a greater compliance to this target, presenting the official rural union registration (76.4% vs. 68.8%, p=0.026) and the Municipal Inspection Service: (35.6% vs. 29.1%, p=0.048). Overall, a low compliance to the goal was observed in MG municipalities, and associations between certain agricultural management characteristics and goal fulfillment were evidenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyse the relationship between marketing capabilities and sources of innovation in public service performance. It proposes and tests a structural equations model in 259 public postal service organizations in Brazil. The study demonstrates that marketing capacities act as partial mediators between sources of innovation and organizational and innovation performance. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study reinforce and further the development of a strategic mindset focused on sources of innovation and marketing capabilities to improve public service performance, presenting an integrative model and testing different scales and dimensions for evaluating performance in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal Public Administration & Social Management / Administração Pública e Gestão Social is the property of Administracao Publica e Gestao Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade is the property of Revista de Educacao e Pesquisa em Contabilidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We study how political turnover in mayoral elections in Brazil affects public service provision by local governments. Exploiting a regression discontinuity design for close elections, we find that municipalities with a new party in office experience upheavals in the municipal bureaucracy: new personnel are appointed across multiple service sectors, and at both managerial and non-managerial levels. In education, the increase in the replacement rate of personnel in schools controlled by the municipal government is accompanied by test scores that are 0.05–0.08 standard deviations lower. In contrast, turnover of the mayor's party does not impact local (non-municipal) schools. These findings suggest that political turnover can adversely affect the quality of public services when the bureaucracy is not shielded from the political process. (JEL D72, D73, H75, H76, J45, O17) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, the debate on the privatization of public utility services has been gaining momentum in Brazil, whether due to internal or external political pressure, as well as the interest of private agents. The Brazilian Postal and Telegraph Company (ECT) is the largest provider of logistics services in the country and has been the subject of privatization programs promoted by most governments over the past thirty years. The argument about the need to privatize the company is mixed with economic, administrative, political and ideological arguments, which, depending on the Brazilian political and economic situation, gain more or less strength. The aim of this article is to update the discussion on the privatization of ECT, highlighting its political conflicts, economic interests and the ideological aspects of the narratives that advance towards the privatization of the Brazilian state-owned logistics services. In addition, we seek to emphasize the social role of ECT in the Brazilian territory, having as an emphatic time frame the 1990s, 2000s and 2010, which is when, in fact, discussions about privatizing the company began. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian psychiatric reform will confirm both the importance of the substantial modification of mental health care and the fragility of social constructions that claim universality and equality of benefits. The importance of the first is witnessed by the closure of many of the asylums and the creation of more efficient resources, but, above all, by the construction of a progressive ethical and technical discourse, in the context of a broader movement in defense of the human rights of the crazy and the different. As for the second, it is accounted for by the dismantling of public services that has been happening in recent years in Brazil, and which is part of the decline, brutal in this case, of public policies, caused by neoliberal hegemony at the international level. But the adverse times, of resistance, serve to reconstruct knowledge and practices. The struggle goes on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Tecnologia Aplicada is the property of Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Pauta Geral is the property of Revista Pauta Geral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)