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Vitamin D3 deficiency is regarded as a public health issue in Iraq, particularly during the winter. Sun exposure is the main source of vitamin D3, where the surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in human health. The amount of time that must be spent in the sun each day was determined for the amount of exposed skin, for all skin types, with and without sunscreen under clear sky conditions in the city of Baghdad (Long 44.375, Lat 33.375). UV index data was obtained by TEMIS satellite during the year 2021. From data analysis, we found that most days during the year were within the high level of ultraviolet radiation values in the city of Baghdad, and most of them were during the summer, where the person needed less time of exposure to sunlight to obtain vitamin D3 in the case of exposing the face and hands or the whole body. As a result, it can be concluded that the amount of UV radiation is affected by several factors: depending on latitude, day of the year, time of day and the season, body area exposed to the radiation, and use of sun protection factor. These factors influence the time of sun exposure required to initiate cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute Appendicitis (AA) is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions, which necessitates its appendectomy. This study focuses on evaluating the role of mast cells and some immune factors in the pathogenicity of acute appendicitis in children with AA compared to healthy children. Tissue samples were taken from 30 children with AA (19 males and 11 females) during the appendectomy, and the samples were preserved in 10% formalin for tissue preparation. Blood samples were obtained from 30 AA children and 20 healthy children. These samples were collected from the Central Teaching Hospital for Children in Baghdad during the period from October 2020 to January 2021. The age distribution showed no significant difference between AA patients and the control group. The enumeration of mast cells in the appendix tissue with AA showed an increase in numbers in appendix tissue using Alcian blue safranin, the most predominant grade was grade +1 and +2 more than grade +3 in the AA patients. Some Complete Blood Count (CBC) revealed that there was a significant elevation (p £ 0.01) in the count of total White Blood Cell (WBC), neutrophils and (p £ 0.05) in the count of platelets in the AA patients group compared to the control group. There was non-significant in the count of lymphocyte, Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Hematocrit (HCT) (p < 0.05) in the AA patient groups compared to the control group. There was a highly significant elevation (p < 0.01) in the serum hs-CRP level in the AA group compared to the control group. In conclusion, the study revealed changes in numbers of mast cells and some immune factors results different in AA children compared to healthy children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect the existence of developments in resistance to biocide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resist of colistin and in multi-drug resistance Klebsiella pneumonia in the hospital environment. Materials and Methods: The study included 25 isolates of K. pneumoniae and 30 isolates of P. aeruginosa. Isolated from different clinical and environmental samples in Baghdad hospitals. Antibiotic sensitivity tests and their susceptibility to multiple antibiotic resistance and sensitivity tests were studied for the most commonly used antiseptics at the preventive level (benzalkonium chloride). The test was carried out using the micro dilution broth method, following Institution of Clinical and Laboratory Standards guidelines, PCR was performed for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, qacC/D, qacΔE1and qacE beta lactamase and antiseptic genes. Results: A high rate of multiple resistance to the most used antibiotics was observed, so the rate of resistance to all antibiotics that was used was 16.0% of P. aeruginosa and 4% of K. pneumoniae possesses comprehensive resistance to all antibiotics that were used and the resiste of colistin in P. aeruginosa was 36% .The prevalence of ESBLs was 36.0% and 48.0 % of P.aeruginosa and K.penomoniea respectively,in addition to their strong ability to form biofilms 80 % in P.aeruginosa and 94% in k.pneumoniea and their ability to resist Antiseptics . The percentage of resistance to antiseptic of benzilkonium chloride showed the highest concentration of P.aeruginosa was 33.3% and K. pneumoniae 37.5% . The result of ESBL and antiseptic genes detection clarify, the percent of production genes were (10%), (40%) blaTEM; (6.66%),(56%)blaSHV ;(33%),(64%) blaCTX-M ;(70%),(44%) qacC/D; ( 80% ),(56%) qacΔE1 in P.aeruginosa and K.pneumoniea respectively and no any isolate carried qacE gene. production of extended spectrum β-lactamase genes in addition to their strong ability to form biofilms 80 % in p.aeroginosa and 94% in k.pneumoniea and their ability to resist a antiseptics . The percentage of resistance to antiseptic of benzilkonium chloride showed the highest concentration of P. aeruginosa was 33.3% and K. pneumoniae 37.5%, the result of beta lactamase and antiseptic genes detection clarify PCR was performed for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, qacC/D, qacΔE1and qacE beta lactamase and antiseptic genes . Conclusion: Our observations indicate that there is a significant correlation between the ability of bacteria to resist multiple antibiotics in addition to their ability to resist the most commonly used antiseptics, due to their physiological nature and increased virulence factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]