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Purpose: This article considers the impact of competing knowledge structures in teaching Australian Indigenous history to undergraduate university students and the possibilities of collaborative teaching in this space. Design/methodology/approach: The authors, one Aboriginal and one non-Aboriginal, draw on a history of collaborative teaching that stretches over more than a decade, bringing together conceptual reflective work and empirical data from a 5-year project working with Australian university students in an introductory-level Aboriginal history subject. Findings: It argues that teaching this subject area in ways which are culturally safe for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff and students, and which resist knowledge structures associated with colonial ways of conveying history, is not only about content but also about building learning spaces that encourage students to decolonise their relationships with Australian history. Originality/value: This article considers collaborative approaches to knowledge transmission in the university history classroom as an act of decolonising knowledge spaces rather than as a model of reconciliation.

The Bali bombings of 2002 and 2005 confronted Australia and its neighbours directly for the first time with the dangers of violent extremism. Since then, the Bali Peace Park Association (BPPA), consisting of former victims, their families and other interested parties, has been lobbying for the creation of the "Bali Peace Park" to be built on one of the bombing sites. Peace parks have been conceived as community-driven projects against violent extremism, and the planned Bali Peace Park embodies this principle. In 2012, the BPPA initiated "Beyond Bali," an ambitious and highly relevant curriculum development project, and secured funding from the Australian Attorney General's Department. Drawing on the expertise of a counter-terrorism expert, two university education experts and the first-hand experiences of victims and their families, the Beyond Bali curriculum package was created. Beyond Bali covers a range of topics and activities, including social science studies and ethical dilemma learning, is suitable for Years 8 and 9 students studying the Australian Curriculum, and is available for free from the BPPA: http://www.balipeacepark.com.au/beyond-bali-education-package.html. In this paper we position Beyond Bali as a transformative education resource within the fields of peace and global education and argue that it embodies UNESCO's "learning to be" principle.

A three-year-old boy, born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1892, lived the final months of his life in an abusive foster home. His death barely made a ripple in the press, and the system proved unable or unwilling to deal with much of the most disturbing evidence about the perpetrators of abuse. This article argues that cases like this one are more than just historical curiosities. They expose abuse that so often lay hidden from the public gaze, and reveal important information about how and why it was allowed to occur. Such cases demand the historian's attention, not because they are scandalous stories, but because they are sites of historical injustice. They also provide opportunities to understand why systems intended to protect children can fail them so badly, a question that remains pertinent today.

Melbourne Art Library was established in 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, as a uniquely independent art library in Australia. The library's development – which may be equated to a kind of practice-lead-research exploring what a library is – has not been without its difficulties. Yet, despite this, the library is three years strong and provides a specialised lending collection of over 3000 books, a reading room, and an active program of public events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of children are notoriously elusive in the sources on which historians traditionally rely. This paper will discuss several projects in which Trove has expanded the history of childhood in Australia, uncovering a nation-wide trade in children through adoption advertisements, and enriching our knowledge of out-of-home care, and the many inquiries into its failings. Trove has democratised the practice of history – allowing care leavers and abuse survivors to research their own histories – and enabled new avenues for identifying microhistories. However, this article also argues that Trove-focused history without an understanding of context can be misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a combination of discursive and quantitative big data analysis of digitised historical newspapers to present new findings about the representation of foster care in the Australian press from 1865 through 1954. It argues that despite child welfare more broadly rating as a significant social issue in Australian historical newspapers of this period, the topic of foster care itself was much neglected. This is particularly important to understand at a time when historians are being called upon to create histories that respond to the questions and experiences of survivors of out-of-home care, because it helps explain why foster care has been underrepresented in these histories as compared to children's institutions – that is, the discursive muting of foster care has a long history. The article engages with some of the practical and theoretical challenges of doing digital history, and concludes that for studies which seek to trace the usage and evolution of a concept over time, an approach which combines close and distant reading can produce useful results. In this case, the big data analysis reveals the low profile of foster care in the press, and a closer reading of a sample of these articles demonstrates that the nature of this coverage was largely negative – another important factor in understanding how public perceptions of foster care have been shaped over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are many potential causes of failed change, ‘resistance to change’ is widely recognised as a significant contributor to this problem. Much of the literature relating to resistance has focused on the context-specific antecedents which can be divided into those relating to change outcomes and those that focus on change implementation. Justice research acknowledges the importance of employee perceptions of fairness in change management, and identifies it as a key factor in developing positive employee attitudes toward organisational change. Using change process characteristics of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), participation and information as antecedents, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of employee perceptions of justice on resistance to change. The results of a survey of 100 employees in an Australian workplace indicate that informational justice mediated the relationship between LMX and resistance to change. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the childhood memories of foster children in Australia in the 20th and 21st century. Other topics mentioned in this article include the role of institutional care for children in Australian society, the foundation of childhood memories, and the history of the Australian welfare system.

In the late nineteenth century, child welfare advocates in both England and Australia were publicly debating the benefits of foster care over institutional placement of children and in the process revealed a great deal about how they understood the role of the family in society. This article examines a range of concerns around foster care that emerged from this nineteenth-century literature and offers reflections on how this resonates with public perceptions of foster care in the early twenty-first century. It argues that while popular conceptions of who might make an appropriate foster carer have changed in some ways, largely in line with shifting and broadening notions of acceptable domesticity, fundamental concerns remain in public understandings about what should motivate people to become foster carers and whether foster care should be understood as family formation or a therapeutic service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research on the hypothesis that lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in late pregnancy are associated with poorer glucose control in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Australian women. It describes the retrospective cross-sectional study of 147 women in a GDM clinic at Westmead Hospital in Sydney, New South Wales from February 1, 2007 to February 1, 2008. It concludes that lower 25(OH)D levels are independently associated with poorer glucose control but the 41% prevalence of inadequate 25(OH)D levels are deemed too high.

The performance of diploid and triploid selected and control oysters was compared at three sites to determine if the improvements in growth of selected oyster line (L2) Sydney rock oysters were additive to the faster growth of triploids. After a grow-out period of 32 months, both mean whole weights and shell heights were in the order: L2 triploids>control triploids>L2 diploids>control diploids. Mean whole weights of different oyster lines were all significantly different (p<0.05). A significant (p=0.02) site×line interaction effect on oyster weights was also detected. On average, L2 triploids were 74% heavier than control diploids, indicating that growth improvements from selective breeding and triploidy were at least additive and could reduce the time to market by at least 10 months. Oyster type had no effect on the meat condition index, percent cavity volume, percent shell weight or cumulative mortality, but did affect whole weight/shell height ratios after 21 months grow-out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This research investigated the effects of casual work arrangements on employee job satisfaction and commitment in a segment of the hospitality sector in Australia. The authors surveyed a total of 454 casual employees: they interviewed 42 employees in a sample of clubs within the top two hundred registered clubs in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and 384 employees returned questionnaires from a sample of different clubs. For the interviews, the authors selected eighteen clubs using nonproportionate stratified sampling, the strata being small, medium, and large. The team conducted systematic random sampling of the clubs within each stratum. Using nonprobability accidental sampling, they then selected individual interviewees at the clubs. For the questionnaire survey, the sampling procedure was identical, but the team selected eighteen different clubs. Questionnaires were administered to all two thousand employees at these eighteen clubs. Because of a low response rate to the survey, the authors questioned an accidental sample of twenty casual employees, who admitted to not responding, in order to see whether their responses differed from those of the participants. The responses were very similar Key findings suggest that casual employees experience varying levels of commitment and satisfaction according to their perceptions of work context factors such as training, promotion, work scheduling, management practices, and social integration. The authors encourage employers in highly casualized enterprises to involve and empower their casual employees, provide continuous feedback as well as behaviorally based formal performance appraisals, address the issue of training opportunities and program content for casual workers, and consider ways of developing their career paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aboriginal Australians consumed oysters before settlement by Europeans as shown by the large number of kitchen middens along Australia's coast. Flat oysters, Ostrea angasi, were consumed in southeastern Australia, whereas both flat and Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata, are found in kitchen middens in southern New South Wales (NSW), but only Sydney rock oysters are found in northern NSW and southern Queensland. Oyster fisheries began with the exploitation of dredge beds, for the use of oyster shell for lime production and oyster meat for consumption. These natural oyster beds were nearly all exhausted by the late 1800's, and they have not recovered. Oyster farming, one of the oldest aquaculture industries in Australia, began as the oyster fisheries declined in the late 1800's. Early attempts at farming flat oysters in Tasmania, Victoria, and South Australia, which started in the 1880's, were abandoned in the 1890's. However, a thriving Sydney rock oyster industry developed from primitive beginnings in NSW in the 1870's. Sydney rock oysters are farmed in NSW, southern Queensland, and at Albany, Western Australia (WA). Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, are produced in Tasmania, South Australia, and Port Stephens, NSW. Flat oysters currently are farmed only in NSW, and there is also some small-scale harvesting of tropical species, the coral rock or milky oyster, S. cucullata, and the black-lip oyster, Striostrea mytiloides, in northern Queensland. Despite intra- and interstate rivalries, oyster farmers are gradually realizing that they are all part of one industry, and this is reflected by the establishment of the national Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program and the transfer of farming technology between states. Australia's oyster harvests have remained relatively stable since Sydney rock oyster production peaked in the mid 1970's at 13 million dozen. By the end of the 1990's this had stabilized at around 8 million dozen, and Pacific oyster... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Pacific oyster industry in Australia is derived from importations from Japan in the late 1940s and early 1950s to Tasmania and is almost completely hatchery based. This makes it a good target for developing and deploying genetically improved strains. An allozyme survey comparing hatchery stocks with self-recruiting Tasmanian stocks and with two collections from Japan found abundant variation and no significant evidence of allele loss. The subsequent selection programme (initiated in the summer of 1996/97) had several strands. We wanted to take advantage of the increased power that marker-assisted selection could bring and, therefore, needed to develop a linkage map and isolate flanking markers around quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Several types of markers (allozymes, microsatellites and AFLPs) were used, and single-pair crosses were set up; QTLs have been detected. Conventional selection programmes, one based on mass selection and one on family selection, have been established. Triploid Pacific oysters produced via chemical means have been available for several years, but rates of triploidy achieved by such means are usually less than 100%. In 1999, we will assess whether our tetraploid 2-year-old broodstock can be crossed with diploids to give 100% triploid offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The estuarine clams Katelysia rhytiphora (Lamy) and Tapes dorsatus (Lamarck) require salinities of 20–45‰ for survival and of 25–35‰ and 30-40‰ respectively for best growth. The highest 24-h algae clearance rates for K. rhytiphora and T. dorsatus were observed at salinities of 25–35‰ and 30–35‰ respectively. Neither species survived longer than 7 days at salinities <20‰ and they can, therefore, only be grown in the high-salinity parts of estuaries. The salinity requirements of these clams should be a primary consideration when selecting farming sites. Other species of bivalves that tolerate lower salinities should also be considered for farming in brackish water areas of New South Wales, Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]