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Cilj: Procijeniti znanje studenata dvaju studijskih programa Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, studija medicine i dentalne medicine, o anatomiji, fiziologiji i patologiji usne šupljine te utvrditi postoje li razlike u znanju između studenata od četvrte do šeste godine unutar svakog studija te između studija. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje, metodom internetskog upitnika s 28 pitanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovao ukupno 201 student s četvrte, pete i šeste godine studija medicine i dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Podaci su obrađeni u programskom paketu STATISTICA 11.0. Rezultati: Studenti dentalne medicine pokazali su statistički značajno veće znanje o anatomiji, fiziologiji i patologiji usne šupljine s 78,4 % točnih odgovora od studenata medicine s 53,4 % točnih odgovora (P=0,0000). Studenti medicine u nižem postotku navode veći rizik od stomatoloških problema tijekom trudnoće od studenata dentalne medicine te uz to nisu sasvim dobro upoznati s odnosom produljenog dojenja i pojave ranog karijesa djetinjstva. Da redoviti dentalni pregledi u djece trebaju početi u dobi od oko 6 godina smatra polovica ispitanih studenata s medicine (49 %). Pokazano je relativno dobro znanje (65,5 % i 78,7 %) o povezanosti oralnog i sistemskog zdravlja. Devetnaest (17 %) studenata medicine smatra da sve prekancerozne lezije oralne šupljine neizbježno dovode do karcinoma usne šupljine čak i ako se uklone predisponirajući faktori, a pogrešnom specijalistu bi većina (66; 58,9 %) studenata studija medicine poslala pacijenta s ulkusom oralne sluznice koji ne cijeli preko dva tjedna. Zaključak: Postoji statistički značajna razlika u znanju studenata medicine i dentalne medicine o anatomiji, fiziologiji i patologiji usne šupljine, a znanje raste s godinama studija, od četvrte do šeste godine., Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of students of two study programs of the University of Split School of Medicine, medicine and dental medicine, about anatomy, physiology and pathology of the oral cavity, and to determine whether there are differences in knowledge between students from the fourth to sixth year within each study and between studies. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an online questionnaire with 28 questions. A total of 201 students from the fourth, fifth and sixth year of medicine and dental medicine of the University of Split School of Medicine participated in the research. The data were processed in the STATISTICA 11.0 software package. Results: Dental medicine students showed a statistically significant higher knowledge of anatomy, physiology and pathology of the oral cavity with 78.4 % correct answers, whilst medical students had 53.4 % of correct answers (P=0.0000). A lower percentage of medical students report a higher risk of dental problems during pregnancy than students of dental medicine, and in addition, they are not quite familiar with the relationship between prolonged breastfeeding and the occurrence of early childhood caries. Half of the examined medical students (49 %) believe that regular dental examinations in children should begin at the age of 6. Relatively good knowledge was shown (65.5 % and 78.7 %) on questions about the connection between oral and systemic health. 19 (17 %) medical students believe that all precancerous lesions of the oral cavity inevitably lead to cancer of the oral cavity even if predisposing factors are removed, and the majority (66; 58.9 %) of medical students would send a patient with an ulcer of the oral mucosa which does not last more than two weeks to the wrong specialist. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant difference in the knowledge of medical and dental students about anatomy, physiology and pathology of the oral cavity, and knowledge increases with the years of study, from the fourth to the sixth year.

Cilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti stavove studenata medicine i dentalne medicine o cijepljenju protiv COVID-19 bolesti, utvrditi razlikuju li se stavovi studenata pretkliničkih i kliničkih godina studija, te studenta koji su preboljeli bolest COVID-19. Ispitanici i postupci: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje u svrhu ispitivanja stavova studenata medicine i dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu o cijepljenju protiv COVID-19 bolesti. Podaci su prikupljeni rješavanjem anketnog upitnika putem Google forms internetske aplikacije tijekom lipnja 2021. Upitnik se sastojao od ukupno 34. pitanja, uključujući peterostupanjsku Likertovu skalu koja je sadržavala 27 tvrdnji. Za analizu podataka korišten je statistički software MedCalc® Rezultati: Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika između studenata pretkliničhih i kliničkih godina studija na osnovu općih stavova o cjepivima (P=0,113) ili stavova o COVID-19 cjepivima (P=0,236). Većina studenata (50,8%) smatra da su na fakultetu stekli dovoljno informacija o COVID-19 bolesti, te da se osjećaju sposobnim informirati populaciju o njoj. Procijepljenost studenata koji su preboljeli COVID-19 bolest je drastično niža od onih koji je nisu preboljeli (P, Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the differences in attitudes concerning vaccination against COVID-19 disease in medical and dental students, as well as to compare those attitudes between preclinical and clinical students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the attitudes of medical and dental students toward vaccination against COVID-19 disease. The data was collected using a survey questionnaire via the Google forms online application during June of 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 34 questions total, including a five-point Likert scale that contained 27 statements. MedCalc® statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between general attitudes of preclinical and clinical students towards vaccines (P = 0.113), nor attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines (P = 0.236). The majority of students (50.8%) believe that they have gained enough information about COVID-19 during their education, and that they feel able to inform the larger population about it. Vaccination of students who had COVID-19 was drastically lower than those who did not (P

Ciljevi: Ovo istraživanje procjenjivalo je stavove i znanje studenata Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu o COVID-19 infekciji. Materijali i metode: Presječno istraživanje je provedeno tijekom svibnja 2020. godine putem internetskog upitnika. Upitnik se sastojao od 50 pitanja podijeljenih u pet dijelova, kojim se ispitivalo znanje i stavovi 344 ispitanika (189 studenata medicine, 155 dentalne medicine) o COVID-19. Statistička analiza je provedena pomoću Mann-Whitney-evog ili Kruskal Wallis 1-way ANOVA testa. Rezultati: Znanje studenata se procijenilo brojem točnih odgovora, a najviši broj bodova je 17. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, njih 49 (14,2 %) točno je odgovorilo na sva postavljena pitanja. Nadalje, 85,5 % ima dobro znanje o COVID-19 infekciji. Ispitanici nisu pokazali razliku u znanju ovisno o spolu (P = 0,169) i dobi (P = 0,260), ali su pokazali ovisno o vrsti studija kojeg pohađaju (P ≤ 0,001). Medijan odgovora na pitanja iz znanja o COVID-19 je za sve studente medicine bio 16 (14,50-16), a dentalne medicine 15 (14-16). Studenti prvih godina studija pokazali su lošije znanje u odnosu na ostale godine (P = 0,006). Tijekom prvog ograničenja kretanja studenti su izbjegavali nepotrebno napuštati dom (92,2 %) i koristiti javni prijevoz (99,1 %). Prali su ruke toplom vodom i sapunom u trajanju od 20 sekundi (96,2 %), izbjegavali su bliske kontakte (91,9 %), te su nosili masku (70,1 %) ili rukavice (52,9 %). Nema razlike u znanju ispitanika ovisno o njihovom ponašanju tijekom ograničenja kretanja. Svega se 11,0 % ispitanika bojalo za svoje zdravlje, dok se njih 58,1 % bojalo za zdravlje članova svoje obitelji. Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo kako ispitanici imaju dobro znanje i pozitivne stavove o COVID-19 bolesti. Budući da je većina ispitanika navela da na studiju nije prošla edukaciju o mjerama zaštite i prevencije vezano uz COVID-19 infekciju, preporučuje se pokrenuti edukaciju., Objectives: This questioner – based online study has assessed attitudes and knowledge among students of the University of Split School of Medicine. Materials and methods: This cross – sectional study has been conducted during May 2020 via Internet questionnaire. The knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19 of 344 examinee (189 students of the School of Medicine, 155 students of Dental Medicine) have been assessed through 50 questions divided into five sections. Statistical analysis has been conducted by Mann – Whitney or Kruskal Wallis 1 – way ANOVA test. Results: The level of students’ knowledge has been assessed by the number of correct answers, while the highest score was 17. Forty-nine students (14.2%) have given all the correct answers. Furthermore, 85.5% have good knowledge about COVID–19 infection. There is no significant difference among students regarding gender (P = 0.169) and age (P = 0.260), but the kind of school they attend had an important role (P ≤ 0.001). Median value of answers to questions about COVID–19 was for all students of the School of Medicine 16 (14.50-16), while for the students of Dental Medicine it was 15 (14 – 16). The results of the first-year students have been worse compared to others (P = 0.006). During the first lockdown students avoided leaving their homes unnecessarily (92.2%) and using public transport (99.1%). They washed hands using warm water and soap for 20 seconds (96.2%) and wore masks (70.1%) or gloves (52.9%). There is no difference in the examinees’ knowledge regarding their behavior during the lockdown. Only 11.0% examinees were concerned about their health, while 58.1% was concerned about the health of their family members. Conclusion: This study has shown that examinees have good knowledge and positive attitudes towards COVID–19 disease. Since the majority of examinees mentioned that they hadn’t been educated about the protection and prevention regarding COVID–19 infection, educational campaign is recommended.

Uvod: Farmakovigilancija je skup aktivnosti vezanih uz prevenciju, otkrivanje, procjenu, razumijevanje i postupanje na nuspojave lijekova, kao i nova saznanja o škodljivosti primjene lijekova. Cilj istraživanja je bio ustvrditi postoje li razlike u stavovima i znanju o važnosti prijavljivanja nuspojava lijekova studenata Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu. Materijali i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 524 studenta tri integrirana studija medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije Medicinskog fakultetu u Splitu koji su ispunili Google form upitnik. Dobiveni podaci su obrađeni uz pomoć hi-kvadrat, Kruskal-Wallis testa i Mann-Whitney U testa. Rezultati: Studenti farmacije su u najvećem, a studenti dentalne medicine u najmanjem postotku upoznati sa pojmovima farmakovilancije (χ2= 54,242, df = 2, P˂ 0.001) i HALMED-a (χ2= 29,541, df = 2, P ˂ 0.001). Postoji razlika u brojim stavovima o farmakovigilanciji između studenata koji su odslušali kolegij „Farmakologija“ i onih koji nisu. Zaključak: Studenti koji su odslušali neki od kolegija na Katedri za farmakologiju bolje su upoznati sa pojmom farmakovigilancije i HALMED-a. Većina studenata smatra da tema farmakovigilancije nije dovoljno pokrivena nastavnim programom studija te da nisu dovoljno dobro pripremljeni za prijavljivanje sumnji na nuspojave u svojoj budućoj praksi., Objectives: Pharmacovigilance is a set of activities related to preventing, detecting, assessing, understanding and treating drug side effects (ADR) and new knowledge about the harmful effects of drug use. The study aimed to determine whether there are differences in attitudes and knowledge about the importance of reporting drug side effects among students at the School of Medicine in Split. Materials and methods: The research involved 524 students from three integrated study programs (medicine, dental medicine and pharmacy) at the Faculty of Medicine in Split who filled out the Google form. Data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Pharmacy students are in the higher, and dental students in the smallest percentage familiar with the concepts of pharmacovigilance (χ2 = 54,242, df = 2, P ˂ 0.001) and HALMED (χ2 = 29,541, df = 2, P ˂ 0.001). There is a difference in attitudes on pharmacovigilance between students who have attended Pharmacology course and those who have not. Conclusion: Students who attended courses at the Department of Pharmacology are better acquainted with the concept of pharmacovigilance and HALMED. Most students think that the study curriculum does not sufficiently cover pharmacovigilance and that they are not well enough prepared to report suspected side effects in their future practice.

Uvod i cilj istraživanja: Eradikacija Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infekcije postaje sve teža. Visoka prevalencija H. pylori infekcije, složenost njenog liječenja, slaba usklađenost registriranih pakiranja lijekova ili nedostatna adherencija bolesnika s terapijskim protokolom pridonose antibiotskoj rezistenciji i porastu troškova u zdravstvenom sustavu. Cilj našeg presječnog istraživanja bio je odrediti znanje i stavove liječnika obiteljske medicine i studenata medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj s važećim smjernicama za liječenje H. pylori infekcije, Maastricht V/Florence konsenzus izvješćem. Cilj našeg sekundarnog istraživanja bio je utvrditi usklađenost pakiranja registriranih lijekova koji su sastavni dio eradikacijskog protokola za liječenje H. pylori infekcije s europskim i nacionalnim terapijskim smjernicama. Ispitanici i postupci: Istraživanje je provedeno s liječnicima obiteljske medicine i studentima medicine s ciljem utvrđivanja adherencije s europskim smjernicama za liječenje H. pylori infekcije, Maastricht V/Florence konsenzus izvješćem. Anketni upitnik je podijeljen putem elektroničke pošte u 2338 ordinacija obiteljske medicine u Republici Hrvatskoj te studentima medicine četvrte, pete i šeste godine studija Medicine Sveučilišta u Splitu. Odgovori su se skupljali elektronskim putem tijekom razdoblja od 23. lipnja do 26. kolovoza 2020. godine. U sekundarnom istraživanju ispitali smo usklađenosti pakiranja registriranih lijekova za eradikaciju H. pylori infekcije s europskim i nacionalnim smjernicama o H. pylori infekciji za odrasle bolesnike za Republiku Hrvatsku, Republiku Sloveniju, Italiju i Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo. Pri tome smo istražili usklađenost pakiranja lijekova sa svim dostupnim terapijskim protokolima, a lijekove smo identificirali u nacionalnim bazama lijekova u srpnju 2019. godine. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 249 liječnika obiteljske medicine i 169 studenata medicine. Bizmut četverostruka terapija ili ne-bizmut četverostruka terapija (konkomitantna), koje su prva linija terapije za eradikaciju H. pylori infekcije, u Republici Hrvatskoj bile su izbor 4,8% liječnika obiteljske medicine i 13% studenata medicine, dok bi 66,3% liječnika obiteljske medicine i 79,9% studenata medicine izabralo trojnu terapiju s klaritromicinom, što nije u skladu s važećim smjernicama. Bizmut četverostruka terapija bila je najčešći izbor kao druga linija terapije (što je u skladu sa smjernicama), kod 45,4% liječnika obiteljske medicine i 34,9% studenata medicine. Međutim, samo 2,8% liječnika obiteljske medicine i 7,1% studenata medicine bi točno preporučilo prvu i drugu liniju terapije za eradikaciju H. pylori infekcije. Značajno veći postotak studenata preferira C13-urea izdisajni test od liječnika obiteljske medicine (50,3% vs. 6,4%). Samo 59,0% liječnika obiteljske medicine bi liječilo H. pylori kod svih bolesnika uključujući i asimptomatske. Studenti medicine značajno češće prepoznaju povezanost između H. pylori infekcije i karcinoma želuca u odnosu na liječnike (92,9% vs. 73,5%). U drugom dijelu istraživanja gdje smo ispitivali usklađenost pakiranja registriranih lijekova sa smjernicama za liječenje, rezultati za Republiku Hrvatsku su pokazali usklađenost lijekova s 10-dnevnim terapijskim protokolom za sve terapijske protokole osim sekvencijske terapije. Usklađenost lijekova nije registrirana sa svim predloženim 14-dnevnim terapijskim protokolima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Neusklađenost pakiranja registriranih lijekova u Republici Hrvatskoj posljedica je ograničene dostupnosti i pakiranja lijekova. U Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu pakiranja lijekova su češće usklađena sa 14-dnevnim terapijskim protokolima i nacionalnim smjernicama. U Italiji je bolja usklađenost pakiranja lijekova s 10-dnevnim terapijskim protokolima prema europskim smjernicama, dok u Republici Sloveniji postoji neusklađenost pakiranja lijekova sa svim predloženim terapijskim protokolima. Ovim istraživanjem smo dokazali značajno manju raznolikost u pakiranju lijekova registriranih u Republici Hrvatskoj i Republici Sloveniji, u usporedbi s pakiranjima lijekova u Italiji i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. Zaključci: Znanje liječnika obiteljske medicine i studenata medicine o smjernicama za liječenje H. pylori infekcije je nedostatno u Republici Hrvatskoj. Potrebne su daljnje kontinuirane ciljane edukacijske intervencije s ciljem mijenjanja stavova i znanja o dijagnostici i terapiji H. pylori infekcije. S obzirom na lošu usklađenost pakiranja registriranih lijekova sa smjernicama za liječenje H. pylori infekcije, u kliničku praksu kao uobičajeni dio liječenja bolesnika trebalo bi uvesti edukaciju bolesnika, jer je adherencija sa smjernicama od izuzetne važnosti., Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is becoming increasingly difficult. High prevalence of H. pylori infection, the complexity for its treatment, poor accordance of registered drug packs or poor patient adherence to the treatment may contribute to antibiotic resistance and healthcare costs. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to determine the knowledge of current guidelines (Maastricht V/Florence consensus report) and attitude in the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in primary care physicians (PCPs) and medical students in Croatia. The aim of our secondary study was to investigate whether registered drug packs are in accordance with European and national guidelines for H. pylori eradication with reference to the number of drug units. Subjects and Methods: A study was conducted among PCPs and medical students to evaluate adherence to Maastricht V consensus guidelines. Questionnaire was distributed by e-mail to 2338 PCPs offices in Croatia and to the medical students from the University of Split School of Medicine. Responses were collected electronically from June 23 to August 26 of 2020. In secondary study we considered treatment options for management of H. pylori infection recommended by the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report and by national guidelines in United Kingdom (UK), Croatia, Italy and Slovenia for adults. Drugs proposed by the guidelines were identified in national drug databases in July of 2019. Results: 249 PCPs and 169 medical students were included in the study. Bismuth or nonbismuth based quadruple therapy as first-line treatment for H. pylori was the choice of 4,8% of PCPs and 13% of students, while 66,3% PCPs and 79,9% students would choose clarithromycin-based triple therapy. Bismuth-based quadruple therapy was the most preferred second-line of treatment for 45,4% of PCPs and 34,9% of students. Only 2,8% PCPs and 7,1% of students would correctly recommend first and second line of treatment for H. pylori infection. A larger proportion of students than PCPs would prefer C13-urea breath test (50,3% vs. 6,4%). Only 59,0% PCPs would treat for H. pylori in all patients including the asymptomatic ones. Students more frequently recognized the link between H. pylori and gastric cancer compared to PCPs (92,9% vs. 73,5%). In our secondary study when considering accordance for 10-day treatment regimens, drug packs registered in Croatia could not be matched with sequential therapies, only. A number of proposed treatments could not be matched due to limited availability of drugs in Croatia. None of the 14-day treatment regimens could be matched. Drug packs registered in UK more often matched 14-day treatment regimens and national guidelines. Considering European guidelines, 10-day treatments could more frequently be matched in Italy and in Slovenia none of the proposed treatments could be matched. Furthermore, in this study, we identified a sensibly smaller variety in drug pack size registered in Croatia and Slovenia when compared to UK and Italy. Conclusions: PCPs and medical students’ knowledge of H. pylori guidelines are insufficient in Croatia and ask for additional training. Considering poor accordance of drug packs with treatment guidelines for H. pylori, discussing adherence to antimicrobial treatment with patients should be introduced as a standard of patient care and education.

Cilj istraživanja: Nepravodobno liječenje i nepravilno praćenje dječaka s nespuštenim testisima pridonosi većoj učestalosti muške neplodnosti i pojave malignih bolesti testisa. Važnu ulogu u postizanju zadovoljavajućih rezultata liječenja ima primarna zdravstvena skrb djece s redovitim probirom i upućivanjem djece s nespuštenim testisima prema dječjem kirurgu. Ovim istraživanjem željeli smo utvrditi informiranost liječnika primarne zdravstvene zaštite djece na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije i studenata završne godine medicine Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu o suvremenim smjernicama u liječenju nespuštenih testisa s obzirom na primjećen visoki prosjek dobi dječaka operiranih zbog problema nespuštenih testisa u KBC-u Split. Materijali i metode: Sastavljen je anketni upitnik i podijeljen liječnicima primarne zaštite djece po ambulantama domova zdravlja na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije. Liječnici s lokalnih otoka i studenti anketni upitnik su rješavali online preko Google obrasca. U ovom presječnom anketnom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 99 ispitanika: 23 obiteljska liječnika, 18 pedijatara, 13 liječnika obiteljske medicine i 45 studenata. Rezultati: Suvremene smjernice poznaje 74% svih ispitanih liječnika i 37,8% studenata. Nije dokazana statistički značajna razlika u znanju i stavovima među liječnicima različitih specijalnosti. Dijete s nespuštenim testisima 42,6% ispitanih liječnika uputilo bi dječjem kirurgu u dobi od 6 mjeseci. Liječenje u prvoj godini života preporučuje 46,3% ispitanih liječnika. Retraktilne testise 55,6% ispitanih pedijatara prestalo bi pregledavati nakon 10. godine, a 44,4% njih smatra da orhidopeksija prevenira nastanak maligne bolesti testisa. Zaključak: Poznavanje smjernica u liječenju nespuštenih testisa liječnika primarne zdravstvene zaštite djece nije na zadovoljavajućoj razini. Potrebno je uložiti dodatne napore u podizanju svijesti o novim preporukama kako bi se informirali liječnici i roditelji s ciljem pružanja pravovaljane zdravstvene zaštite dječacima s problemom nespuštenih testisa., Objectives: Untimely treatment and improper monitoring of boys with undescended testicles contributes to a higher incidence of male infertility and the occurrence of malignant testicular diseases. The primary health care of children with regular screening and referral of children with undescended testicles to a pediatric surgeon plays an important role in achieving satisfying treatment results. With this research we want to determine the level of knowledge about modern guidelines in the treatment of undescended testicles among primary care physicians in the Split-Dalmatia County and final year medical students of the University of Split School of Medicine. This study is made due to a high average age of boys operated on for undescended testicles in University Hospital of Split. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was compiled and distributed to primary care physicians in outpatient clinics in the Split-Dalmatia County. Doctors from local islands and students completed the survey questionnaire online via a Google form. Total 99 respondents participated in this cross-sectional survey: 23 family physicians, 18 pediatricians, 13 family physicians, and 45 medical students. Results: In total 74% of all testes doctors and 37,8% of students are informed about new guidelines. There was no statistically significant difference in knowledge and attitudes among physicians of different specialties. A child with undescended testicles 42.6% of the surveyed doctors would refer to a pediatric surgeon at the age of 6 months. Treatment in the first year of life is recommended by 46.3% of surveyed physicians. Retractile testicles 55.6% of surveyed pediatricians would stop examining after the age of 10, and 44.4% of them believe that orchidopexy prevents development of malignant testicular disease. Conclusion: Knowledge of guidelines in the treatment of undescended testicles by primary care physicians of children is not at a satisfactory level. Further efforts are needed to raise awareness of the new recommendations to inform physicians and parents with a common goal-to provide valid health care to boys with undescended testicles.

Cilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti stavove studenata medicine i dentalne medicine o cijepljenju protiv COVID-19 bolesti, utvrditi razlikuju li se stavovi studenata pretkliničkih i kliničkih godina studija, te studenta koji su preboljeli bolest COVID-19. Ispitanici i postupci: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje u svrhu ispitivanja stavova studenata medicine i dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu o cijepljenju protiv COVID-19 bolesti. Podaci su prikupljeni rješavanjem anketnog upitnika putem Google forms internetske aplikacije tijekom lipnja 2021. Upitnik se sastojao od ukupno 34. pitanja, uključujući peterostupanjsku Likertovu skalu koja je sadržavala 27 tvrdnji. Za analizu podataka korišten je statistički software MedCalc® Rezultati: Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika između studenata pretkliničhih i kliničkih godina studija na osnovu općih stavova o cjepivima (P=0, 113) ili stavova o COVID-19 cjepivima (P=0, 236). Većina studenata (50, 8%) smatra da su na fakultetu stekli dovoljno informacija o COVID- 19 bolesti, te da se osjećaju sposobnim informirati populaciju o njoj. Procijepljenost studenata koji su preboljeli COVID-19 bolest je drastično niža od onih koji je nisu preboljeli (P

Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi znanje, stavove i navike studenata medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije o sportskim dodacima prehrani te istražiti njihovu povezanost s razinom tjelesne aktivnosti i studijskim programom. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje metodom anketnog upitnika na studentima medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije koji su pohađali Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu u akademskoj godini 2020./2021. Anketni obrazac se sastojao od dva upitnika – IPAQ-SF (engl. International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form) i upitnika o stavovima i navikama o korištenju dodataka prehrani. Studenti su uspoređeni po parametrima s obzirom na stupanj tjelesne aktivnosti te studijski program. Rezultati: U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 200 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Fizički aktivniji studenti su statistički značajno više koristili dodatke prehrani u odnosu na manje aktivne (60,6 % vs 43,6 %, P=0,023) te su ostvarili statistički značajno veći broj bodova na upitniku znanja (7(6-8) vs 9(8-10), P, Objectives: The aim of this study was to asses knowledge, attitudes and habits of medical, dental and pharmacy students about sports supplements and to investigate their relationship with the level of physical activity and the study program. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire method on students of medicine, dental medicine and pharmacy who attended the University of Split School of Medicine in the academic year 2020/2021. The survey form consisted of two questionnaires - the IPAQ-SF (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form) and a questionnaire on attitudes and habits about the use of dietary supplements. Students were compared by parameters with regard to the degree of physical activity and the study program. Results: The study included 200 students attending University of Split School of Medicine. Physically more active students used dietary supplements statistically significantly more often compared to less active ones (60.6% vs 43.6%, P=0.023) and achieved a statistically significantly higher number of points on the knowledge questionnaire (7 (6-8) vs 9 (8-10), P

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi znanje i stavove studenata medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije o farmakovigilanciji i prijavljivanju nuspojava, ispitati njihovu spremnost za prijavljivanje sumnje na nuspojavu lijeka u svojoj budućoj praksi. Materijal i metode: Ispitanici uključeni u ovo istraživanje bili su studenti medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije svih godina studija Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu u akademskoj godini 2020./2021. U istraživanju je korišten prevedeni anketni upitnik autora Alkayyal i suradnika. Anketni upitnik sastoji se od 34 pitanja podijeljenih u četiri dijela koja uključuju: demografske karakteristike, ispitivanje znanja i stavova o farmakovigilanciji i prijavljivanju nuspojava, pokrivenost teme farmakovigilancije nastavnim planom i programom te spremnost studenata za prijavljivanje nuspojava. Nakon prikupljanja podataka napravljena je statistička analiza gdje je razina statističke značajnosti postavljena na p, Objectives: The aim of this research is to establish the knowledge, attitude and readiness towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among students of Medicine, Dental Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: The participants of this research were students of all years from the University of Split's programmes of Medicine, Dental Medicine and Pharmacy in the 2020/2021 academic year. A translated version of a poll questionnaire written and formed by Alkayyal et al. was used in this research. The poll questionnaire is consisted of 34 questions divided into 4 categories: demographical characteristics, examination of knowledge and attitudes towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting, opinions about coverage of the topic of pharmacovigilance in their curriculum and the willingness of students for ADR reporting. After the collection of data, a statistical analysis was performed in which the range of statistical significance was set as p

Cilj: Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati kliničko znanje studenata Farmacije i Medicine u određivanju problema vezanih za lijekove. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno među studentima Farmacije i Medicine Medicinskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Za ispitivanje je korištena Anketa o problemima vezanim za lijekove bazirana na 9 kliničkih slučajeva s ponuđenim višestrukim izborom (40 tvrdnji ukupno). Istraživanje je provedeno internetskim putem koristeći alat Google forms, zbog epidemiološke situacije uzrokovane epidemijom COVID-19. Ispitanici su procjenjivali relevantnost ili prikladnost svake pojedine izjave koristeći Likertovu skalu sa sedam mogućih odgovora. U usporedbi s originalnom verzijom anketnog upitnika dodana su pitanja o kroničnoj bolesti, korištenju lijekova, nuspojavi lijeka i drugih problemima vezanim za lijekove. Predložene izjave imale su za cilj procjenu sposobnosti prepoznavanja, prikupljanja relevantnih informacija o DRP-ovima i davanja odgovarajućih preporuka za njihovo rješavanje. Svaka izjava je prikladno vrednovana te je maksimalni mogući rezultat bio 80, a minimalni 0. Rezultati istraživanja prikazani su kao cijeli brojevi i postotci, odnosno medijan i interkvartilni raspon, u ovisnosti o tome gdje je bilo prikladno. Ukupan broj bodova između studenata pojedinih studija i između studenata pojedinih godina studija uspoređen je Kruskal-Wallis testom, a razina statističke značajnosti postavljena je na p, Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical knowledge of pharmacy and medical students in determining drug-related problems. Material and methods: The research was conducted among students of pharmacy and medicine at the University of Split School of Medicine. A Survey on Drug-Related Problems based on 9 clinical cases with multiple choice offered (40 claims in total) was used for the study. The research was conducted online via the Google Forms tool due to epidemiological situations caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. Respondents assessed the relevance or appropriateness of each statement using the seven-point Likert scale. Compared to the original version of the survey, questions about chronic illness, drug use, drug side effects, and other drug-related issues were added. The proposed statements aimed to assess the ability to identify, gather relevant information on DRPs and make appropriate recommendations to address them. Each statement was appropriately evaluated and the maximum score was 80 and the minimum was 0. The survey results are presented as integers and percentages, i.e., media and interquartile ranges, depending on where they were appropriate. The total number of points between students of individual studies and between students of individual years of study was compared by Kruskal-Wallis test while the level of statistical significance was set at p

Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je ispitati stavove studenata medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije o farmakogenomici i personaliziranoj medicini. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno među studentima medicine, dentalne medicine i farmacije Medicinskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Anketno ispitivanje provedeno je internetskim putem koristeći alat Google forms, zbog epidemiološke situacije uzrokovane epidemijom COVID-19. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 415 studenata. Najveći udio uključenih studenata činili su studenti farmacije te studenti pete godine svih studija. Većina je studenata smatrala da geni imaju umjeren utjecaj na zdravlje. Oko 60% studenata smatra da bi farmakogenomika trebala biti važan dio nastavnog programa, dok samo 12,1% studenata smatra da je plan i program za razumijevanje farmakogenomike dobro osmišljen. Gotovo 85% svih studenata smatra da personalizirana medicina predstavlja novi i obećavajući način zdravstvene njege. Zaključak: Ovo istraživanje je pokazalo kako je edukacija vrlo važna za razvoj novih znanja o farmakogenomici. Također, farmakogenomika trebala bi biti više obuhvaćena u nastavnom planu i programu kako bi studenti stekli samopouzdanje i bili spremni primjeniti je u kliničkoj praksi. To bi trebalo olakšati da farmakogenomika i personalizirana medicina postanu novi način zdrastvene njege., Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate medical, dental and pharmacy students attitudes of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. Material and methods: The research was conducted among students of medicine, dental medicine and pharmacy at the School of Medicine, University of Split. The survey was conducted online using the Google forms tool, due to the epidemiological situation caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions. Results: A total of 415 students participated in the study. The largest share of students involved are pharmacy students and fifth-year students of all studies. Most of the students thought that the genes had moderate impact on health. About 60% of students believe that pharmacogenomics should be an important part of the curriculum, while only 12.1% of students believe that the curriculum for understanding pharmacogenomics is well designed. Almost 85% of all students believe that personalized medicine is a new and promising way of health care. Conclusion: This research has shown that education is very important for the development of new knowledge about pharmacogenomics. Also, pharmacogenomics should be more included in the curriculum in order for students to gain self-confidence and be ready to apply it in clinical practice. This should make it easier for pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to become a new way of health care.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bila je procjena uvjerenja i stavova o boli i korištenju opioidnih lijekova studenata studijskih programa Medicine, Dentalne medicine, Farmacije i Medicine na engleskom jeziku Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Materijali i metode: U ovom radu napravljeno je transverzalno istraživanje, metodom upitnika. Upitnik je bio u potpunosti anoniman i podijeljen je studentima studijskih programa Medicine, Dentalne medicine, Farmacije i Medicine na engleskom jeziku Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu koji su pohađali nastavu kroz travanj i svibanj 2019. godine. Podaci su obrađeni u programima Microsoft Office Excel 2016 i JASP 0.9.2.0. Napravljena je deskriptivna analiza uzoraka, a rezultati su prikazani u postocima za dihotomne varijable, te srednja vrijednost ± standardna devijacija (SD) za kontinuirane varijable. Za svaki ishod izračunati su postotci odgovora. Neparametrijski χ 2 test je korišten za procjenu razlike između skupina i korelaciju između varijabli. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 912 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Ukupno se 67,7% studenata slaže s tvrdnjom kako osobe koje boluju od maligne bolesti osjećaju kroničnu bol. Studenti viših godina studija uglavnom ne smatraju kako je bol sastavni dio starenja. Na studiju Medicine se 44,1% ispitanika muškog te 24,2% ženskog spola slaže s tvrdnjom kako ne osjeća anksioznost prilikom sustreta s pacijentom koji boluje od kronične boli. Prosječno se 16,5% studenata triju završnih godina svih studijskih programa slaže s tvrdnjom kako zna izračunati doze najčešće korištenih opioida. 67,1% studenata slaže se s tvdnjom ''Oslanjam se na pacijentovu procjenu intenziteta boli'', a 79,1% studenata smatra kako je teško pronaći odgovarajuću metodu za umanjivanje kronične boli. Zaključak: Studenti na višim godinama studijskih programa očekivano pokazuju višu razinu znanja o kroničnoj boli, njenom liječenju te veću razinu empatije, suosjećanja i anksioznosti prilikom susretanja s pacijentima koji boluju od kronične boli. U visokom postotku studenti završne tri godine svih studijskih programa navode kako ne znaju odgovarajuće doze najčešće korištenih opioida. Studenti navode kako se oslanjaju na pacijentovu procjenu intenziteta boli, izražavaju strah od razvoja ovisnosti prilikom propisivanja opioidnih lijekova pacijentima koji boluju od kronične boli te smatraju kako je teško pronaći odgovarajuću metodu za umanjivanje kronične boli., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess general perception and attitudes of medical students in Croatian and English programme, students of dental medicine and pharmacy at the University of Split School of Medicine toward the chronic pain and opioid usage; to compare general perception and attitudes of the students at the particular study from the first to the last year, and the other studies. Materials and methods: In this study it was conducted survey of assesment of students' general perception and attitudes about chronic pain and opioid usage. Survey was conducted using the questionnaire. The questionnaire was fully anonymous and distributed to all students who attended classes from the April to the May 2019. The total number of the students who participated in the research was 912. In the first part of the questionnaire students were asked for general information. In second part they answered about their general perception and attitudes about chronic pain and opioid usage. Results: The study involved 912 students of University of Split School of Medicine. A total of 67.7% of students agreed with the statement that people suffering from malignant disease feel chronic pain. 44.1% of male and 24.2% of female students at the study programme Medicine agreed with the statement that they do not feel anxiety when seeing a chronic pain patient. On average, 16.5% of students in the three final years of all study programs agree with the statement that they cannot calculate adequate opioid doses. 67.1% of students agreed with statement ''I rely on patient's pain evaluation'' and 79.1% of students agreed with the statement that is difficult to find appropriate method to reduce chronic pain. Conclusion: Final years students, as expected, showed a higher level of knowledge about chronic pain, chronic pain treatment and a higher level of empathy, compassion and anxiety when seeing patients suffering from chronic pain. In high percentages, students of the three final study years of all study programs state that they do not know the adequate doses of the most commonly used opioids. Students agreed with the statement that they rely on patient's assessment of the pain intensity, express fear of possible addiction when prescribing opioid drugs to patients suffering from chronic pain and find it difficult to reach adequate method for reducing chronic pain.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bila je procjena znanja i stavova o propisivanju lijekova studenata studijskih programa Medicine i Dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Materijali i metode: U ovom radu napravljeno je istraživanje metodom upitnika. Upitnik je bio u potpunosti anoniman i podijeljen je studentima studijskih programa Medicine i Dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu koji su pohađali nastavu kroz travanj i svibanj 2019. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 597 studenata. Podaci su obrađeni u programu Microsoft Office Excel 2016 i JASP 0.9.2.0. Napravljena je deskriptivna analiza uzoraka, a rezultati su prikazani u postocima. Prikazan je medijan i raspon ili srednja vrijednost ± standardna devijacija (SD) za kontinuirane varijable. Za svaki ishod izračunati su postotci odgovora. Neparametrijski χ 2 test je korišten za procjenu razlike između skupina i korelaciju između varijabli. Rezultati: Ukupno 51.1% studenata smatra da je bol najčešći uzrok propisivanja lijekova u stomatološkoj praksi. 53.9% studenata medicine i 67.4% studenata dentalne medicine smatra da je najčešće propisivani NSAID ibuprofen. Ukupno 49.9% studenata je odgovorilo da su najčešći izvor informacija o propisivanju lijekova udžbenici za propisivanje lijekova. 53.4% studenata medicine i 58.8% studenata dentalne medicine smatra da se lijekovi trebaju propisivati prema njihovom generičkom imenu. Zaključak: Istraživanje je pokazalo da studenti medicine i studenti dentalne medicine imaju slično znanje o propisivanju lijekova. Znanje o propisivanju lijekova od najveće je važnosti za dobru liječničku i stomatološku praksu. Nedovoljno znanje rezultira nepravilnim korištenjem uobičajenih lijekova što sa sobom nosi niz posljedica. Stoga je bitna kontinuirana edukacija o farmakološkoj terapiji kao i o racionalnom propisivanju lijekova tijekom, ali i po završetku studija. Također, potrebno je imati smjernice po kojima će liječnici i doktori dentalne medicine moći kvalitetno dati terapiju i izbjeći mogućnost pogreške vezane za propisivanje lijekova., Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of medical students and students of dental medicine at the University of Split School of Medicine towards prescribing of drugs. Materials and methods: In this study we assed students' knowledge an attitudes towards prescribing of drugs, using the questionnaire. The questionnaire was fully anonymous and distributed to medical students and students of dental medicine at the University of Split School of Medicine who attended classes from April to May, 2019. The total number of the students who participated in the research was 597. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and JASP 0.9.2.0. Descriptive analysis was performed, and the results are presented in percentages, and median or mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables. Non-parametric χ 2 test was used to estimate the difference between the groups and the correlation between the variables. Results: A total of 51.1% of students believed that pain was the main cause of drug prescribing in dental practice. 53.9% of medical students and 67.4% of dental students believed that the most commonly prescribed NSAID was ibuprofen. A total of 49.9% of students answered that the most common source of information on prescribing medicines was prescription books. 53.4% of medical students and 58.8% of dental students think that medicines should be prescribed according to their generic name. Conclusion: The research has shown that medical and dental students have similar knowledge of prescribing drugs. Knowledge of prescribing drugs is of utmost importance for good medical and dental practice. Inadequate knowledge results in improper use of common medicines that can lead to a number of negative consequences. Therefore, continuing training on pharmacological therapy as well as on the rational prescribing of medicines during and after the study is essential. It is also necessary to have good guidelines that will allow physicians and doctors of dental medicine to provide quality therapy and avoid the possibility of prescribing errors.

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti znanje i stavove studenata dvaju studijskih programa Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, studija Medicine i Dentalne medicine, o karcinomu usne šupljine te utvrditi postoje li razlike u znanju i stavovima između studenata od treće do šeste godine unutar svakog studija te između studija. Materijali i metode: U ovom radu provedeno je presječno istraživanje, metodom upitnika. Anketni upitnik sadržavao je 16 pitanja gdje su prikupljeni opći podaci o ispitaniku u prvom dijelu, a u drugom stavovi i znanja o karcinomu usne šupljine. U istraživanju su dobrovoljno sudjelovali studenti dvaju integriranih studija Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu, studija Medicine i Dentalne medicine. Ukupno je sudjelovalo 370 studenata, od kojih 130 s dentalne medicine i 240 s medicine. Podaci su uneseni u program Microsoft Office Excel 2007 te nakon toga obrađeni u programskom paketu STATISTICA 11.0. Rezultati: Studenti dentalne medicine znaju više o oralnom karcinomu u odnosu na studente medicine. Također je znanje studenata bolje na višim godinama studija. Studenti obaju studija ne poznaju lezije koje mogu prethoditi karcinomu usne šupljine, što ima važnu ulogu u prevenciji i ranom otkrivanju te bolesti. Mnogi studenti dentalne medicine (63; 48,5 %) i većina studenata medicine (186; 77,5 %) nikada tijekom studija nije imala mogućnost samostalnog pregleda bolesnika s prekanceroznim i kanceroznim lezijama oralne sluznice. Pogrešnom specijalistu bi, pacijenta sa sumnjivom lezijom u usnoj šupljini, poslalo devet (7,0 %) studenata dentalne medicine i 120 (50,0 %) studenata medicine.Nakon prvog pregleda pacijenta sa sumnjivom lezijom u usnoj šupljini, samo 40 (30,8 %) studenata dentalne medicine i 50 (20,8 %) studenata medicine bi uputilo pacijenta specijalistu ako lezija nije zacijelila nakon tjedan dana od liječenja. Zaključak: U ovom radu pokazali smo kako postoji razlika u znanju studenata medicine i dentalne medicine o karcinomu usne šupljine te kako se znanje mijenja s godinama studija, od treće do šeste godine. Njihova uloga kao budućih doktora dentalne medicine i medicine u prevenciji i ranom otkivanju te bolesti je jako značajna. Stoga bi studenti obaju studijskih programa trebali steći odgovarajuće znanje i vještine tijekom studijske nastave, kako bi dosljedno i pravovremeno mogli pristupiti pacijentu s potencijalno malignom promjenom usne šupljine., Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of the two study programs of the University of Split Medical School, medicine and dental medicine, toward oral cavity cancer, and to determine whether there are differences in the knowledge and attitudes between the students from the third to the sixth year studies and between each other. Materials and Methods: In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire contained 16 questions where general data on the respondent were collected in the first part, and in the other part attitudes and knowledge toward oral cavity carcinoma. Students of two integrated studies at the Split School of Medicine, dental medicine and medicine, volunteered in the research. A total of 370 students attended, of which 130 were dental medicine and 240 in medicine. The data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and then processed in STATISTICA 11.0. Results: The students of dental medicine know more about oral carcinoma compared to the students of medicine. The knowledge of students is also better at higher years of study. Students of both study programs do not know pre-cancerous lesions, which plays an essential role in preventing and early detection of this disease. Many dentistry students (63; 48,5 %) and most medical students (186; 77,5 %) have never independently examined the patient's oral mucous with pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions. The patient with suspicious lesion in the oral cavity would be sent to the wrong specialist of nine (7,0 %) dental students and 120 (50,0 %) medical students. Only 40 (30,8 %) of dental medicine students and 50 (20,8 %) of the medical students would have referred patients to the specialist, by the first examination of the patient with suspicious lesion in the oral cavity, if the lesion didn't heal after one week of treatment. Conclusion: In this study we have shown that there is a difference in the knowledge between medicine and dental medicine students toward oral cavity carcinoma and that knowledge changes with years of study, from the third to the sixth year. Their role as future doctors of dental medicine and medicine in preventing and early detection of this disease is very significant. The students of both studies should acquire the appropriate knowledge and skills during the studies so that they can consistently and at the right time access to the patient with a potentially malignant change in the oral cavity.

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Glavni cilj istraživanja je bio odrediti stavove i znanja studenata medicine o HPV infekciji i cijepljenju te uvrditi njihovu povezanost s spolom,godinom studija te studijskim programom (engleski ili hrvatski studij medicine). ISPITANICI I METODE: Diplomski rad je temeljen na anonimnoj i dobrovoljnoj anketi koja je provedena među studentima medicine Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu. Napravljen je upitnik odobren od strane Etičkog povjerenstva Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu koji je distribuiran radi boljeg odaziva u papirnatom obliku te internetski putem upitnika napravljenog u programu Google Forms. Ispitanici su svi studenti medicine. Upitnik je ispunilo 492 studenta medicine (59.7%) od ukupnog broja studenata medicine (n=824). REZULTATI: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da većina studenata medicine nije cijepljena (69,1%) Veću procijepljenost protiv HPV-a imaju djevojke (37%) i studenti engleskog programa studija medicine (52,3%). Istraživanje je pokazalo da studenti imaju izrazito pozitivne stavove prema cijepljenju protiv HPV-a što pokazuje podatak da skoro 90% studenata medicine bi preporučilo cijepljenje svojoj kćeri. Studenti su pokazali da imaju nedovoljno znanja o HPV infekciji i cijepljenju te da stariji studenti i studenti hrvatskog programa studija medicine imaju bolje znanje. Glavni izvor informacija (49,2%) za studente medicine o HPV infekciji i cijepljenju predstavlja internet. ZAKLJUČCI: Studenti medicine u Splitu imaju pozitivne stavove o cijepljenju protiv HPV-a što je važno za njihovu buduću ulogu liječnika. Provedeno istraživanje ukazuje na potrebu izmjene Nastavnog plana studija medicine i bolju edukaciju studenata o HPV infekciji i cijepljenju., OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this research was to determine the attitudes and knowledge of medical students about HPV infection and vaccination and to determine their association with gender, year of study and study program (English or Croatian Medicine Study). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The graduate thesis is based on an anonymous and voluntary survey conducted among students of medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Split. A questionnaire approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School in Split,was distributed for better responsiveness in paper form and online via a questionnaire made in Google Forms. The sample was made on the basis of the total number of students (n = 824), of which 492 students (59.7%) completed the survey. RESULTS: Results of the research show that most of the medical students have not been vaccinated (69.1%). Girls (37%) and students of English program of medicine studies (52.3%) are more vaccinated against HPV. Research has shown that students have very positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, indicating that almost 90% of medical students would recommend vaccination to their daughter. Students have shown insufficient knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination and that older students and students of the Croatian program of medicine studies have better knowledge. The main source of information (49.2%) for HPV infection and vaccination is the Internet. CONCLUSION: Medical students in Split have positive attitudes about HPV vaccination, which is important for their future role as docotors. The conducted research suggests the need to change the curriculum of medicine studies and to improve education¨of students on HPV infection and vaccination.

Zdrave životne navike predstavljaju način života koji smanjuje rizik za obolijevanje od kroničnih bolesti i pojavu rane smrti. Upravo je zdravim načinom života moguće ne samo smanjiti, nego i spriječiti pojavu kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti, koje su odgovorne za gotovo 70% svih smrtnih slučajeva diljem svijeta. Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati zastupljenost mediteranske prehrane i tjelesne aktivnosti kod studenata triju studijskih programa Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Materijali i metode: Presječno istraživanje obuhvatilo je 735 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu, s postotkom odgovara od 84%. U istraživanje su uključeni studenti medicine (N=433), studenti dentalne medicine (N=172) i farmacije (N=130). Ispitanici su tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2018. godine ispunjavali upitnik o životnim navikama. Upitnik je sadržavao pitanja o dobi, spolu te tjelesnoj visini i masi. Kako bismo ispitali prehrambene navike studenata, koristili smo ljestvicu za procjenu mediteranske prehrane (engl. Mediterranean Diet Serving Score, MDSS). Pitali smo studente i što doručkuju i koliko puta u tjednu doručkuju, zatim broj obroka i međuobroka te smo im ponudili nekoliko obroka za odabir idealnog ručka. Kako bismo ispitali tjelesnu aktivnost studenata, koristili smo Međunarodni upitnik o tjelesnoj aktivnosti, kratku verziju (engl. International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form, IPAQ-SF). Pitanja su se odnosila na tjelesnu aktivnost u posljednjih 7 dana u trajanju od najmanje 10 minuta, a cilj je bio procijeniti intenzivnu tjelesnu aktivnost, umjerenu tjelesnu aktivnost, hodanje i sjedenje. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u skupine prema spolu (studenti i studentice), studijskom programu (medicina, dentalna medicina i farmacija) i prema godinama studija (pretkliničke i kliničke studijske godine). U analizi podataka korišten je hi-kvadrat test, Mann-Whitney U test i Kruskal-Wallis test. Razina statističke značajnosti postavljena je na P, Healthy life habits present a way of life that reduces the risk of chronic diseases and early death. Healthy living is not only a way to reduce but also to prevent the occurrence of chronic noncommunicable diseases,which make up almost 70% of all deaths worldwide. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of Mediterranean diet and physical activity among students of all three study programs at the University of Split School of Medicine. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 735 students at the University of Split School of Medicine with response rate of 84%. The study included medical students (N=433), students of dental medicine (N=172) and pharmacy students (N=130). During May and June 2018 respondents completed a questionnaire about life habits. The questionnaire contained questions about age, gender, height and weight of the body. In order to examine the dietary habits of students, we used a score for estimating the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Serving Score, MDSS). We asked students what they eat for breakfast, how many times a week they have breakfast, the number of meals and snacks they have per day and we offered them different type of meals to choose from as their ideal lunch. In order to examine the student's physical activity we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short Form, IPAQ-SF). The questions were related to physical activity in the last 7 days that lasted at least 10 minutes and the goal was to evaluate the vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, walking and sitting. Respondents were divided into groups by gender (male students and female students), study programs (medicine, dental medicine and pharmacy) and the year of study (preclinical and clinical studies). In dana analysis we used chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The level of statistical significance was set up at P

Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je procijeniti znanja i stavove studenata medicine, medicine na engleskom jeziku, dentalne medicine i farmacije Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu prema uporabi antibiotika i rezistenciji na antibiotike te usporediti stavove i znanja studenata određenog studija od prve do zadnje godine, te drugih studija. Materijali i metode: U ovom radu napravljeno je transverzalno istraživanje, metodom upitnika. Upitnik je bio u potpunosti anoniman i podijeljen je svim studentima Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu koji su pohađali nastavu kroz travanj i svibanj 2018. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 947 studenata. Studentima je u anketi naveden cilj istraživanja, te su traženi u prvom dijelu opći podaci, a u drugom stavovi i znanja o uzimanju antibiotika i rezistenciji na antibiotike. Podaci su obrađeni u programu Microsoft Office Excel 2016. Napravljena je deskriptivna analiza uzoraka, a rezultati su prikazani u postocima za dihotomne varijable, te medijan ili srednja vrijednost ± standardna devijacija (SD) za kontinuirane varijable. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 947 studenata, od ukupno 1107 upisanih (85,6 %). Kad je u pitanju znanje, trećina studenata dentalne medicine, četvrtina studenata medicine i farmacije smatra da je paracetamol antibiotik za smanjenje boli. Međutim, ovaj postotak se značajno smanjuje od prve do apsolventske godine na svim studijima. Od studenata 6. godine medicine, njih 18 % koristi ostatke antibiotika u slučaju povratka bolesti, a postotak je i veći na studiju medicine na engleskom jeziku, gdje 24 % studenata završne godine pokazuje ovakvo ponašanje. Iako su studenti naveli da poznaju smjernice, svega 23 % studenata na koncu 6. godine medicine može navesti ispravnu smjernicu, a na engleskom studiju niti jedan student zadnje godine studija. Na dentalnoj medicini sedam studenata na cijelom studijskom programu je imenovalo neku konkretnu smjernicu. Studenti farmacije su se pokazali najupućenijima, pošto je 76 % na posljednjoj studijskoj godini imenovalo ISKRA smjernice. Zaključak: U ovom radu pokazali smo da, iako imaju teorijsko znanje, studenti medicine, medicine na engleskom jeziku, dentalne medicine i farmacije ne ponašaju se uvijek u skladu s naučenim, kad je u pitanju ispravno korištenje antibiotika. Također, studenti su pokazali loše znanje po pitanju korištenja smjernica, te bi se svakako savjetovalo uvođenje, ako ne cijelog kolegija, barem neke vrste edukacije u sklopu predmeta na višim godinama studija. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of medical students in Croatian and English programme, students of dental medicine and pharmacy at the University of Split School of Medicine toward the use of the antibiotics and the resistance to the antibiotics; to compare the attitudes and knowledge of the students at the particular study from the first to the last year, and the other studies. Materials and methods: In this study, a transversal survey was conducted using the questionnaire. The questionnaire was fully anonymous and distributed to all students who attended classes from the April to the May 2018. The total number of the students who participated in the research was 947. In the first part of the questionnaire students were asked for general information. In second part they answered about their attitutes and knowledge on taking antibiotics and resistance to antibiotics. Descriptive sample analysis was performed, and the results are presented in the percentage for the dichotomous variables, and the median or mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the continuous variables. Results: The study involved 947 students, out of a total of 1107 enrolled (85,6 %). A third of dental students, and a quarter of medical and pharmacy students believe that paracetamol is an antibiotic that reduces pain. However, this percentage is significantly decreased from the first to the final years in all studies. 18 % of students in the 6th year of medicine use antibiotic residues in the event of a disease return, and the percentage is even higher, 24 %, for medicial studies in english students. Only 23 % of students at the end of the 6th year of medicine could indicate the correct guidelines, and none in the English programme. Seven students of dental medicine have named a specific guidelines in the entire study program. Pharmacy students were the most informed, since 76 % of the last year of the study programme have named ISKRA guidelines. Conclusion: Although the students have theoretical knowledge, they do not always behave according to what they learned when it comes to proper use of antibiotics. Students have shown inadequate knowledge of the use of guidelines. Therefore, continous education on this topic is needed, at least more information at the higher years of the studies.

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi stavove i znanja studenata medicine o cijepljenju djece, te istražiti njihovu korelaciju sa spolom, studijskim programom (hrvatski / engleski program) i godinom studija. ISPITANICI I METODE: Istraživanje i diplomski rad temelje se na anonimnoj anketi namjenjenoj studentima medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Za tu svrhu izrađen je poseban upitnik u Google Forms obrascu koji je distribuiran internetskim putem uz odobrenje Etičkog povjerenstva Medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu. Uzorak ispitanika definiran je ukupnim brojem studenata medicine na Medicinskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Splitu. Od 775 studenata medicine njih 383 (49,4%) ispunilo je upitnik. REZULTATI: Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su pozitivne stavove i homogenu potporu cijepljenju u svim promatranim skupinama ispitanika. Iako se većina studenata slaže oko učinkovitosti i sigurnosti cijepljenja kao najbolje preventivne metode postoje određene razlike u stavovima, ali i zabludama između studenata na hrvatskom i engleskom programu, između muškaraca i žena, te među studentima različitih godina. 96,1% ispitanika smatra da su korisni učinci cijepljenja značajno veći od potencijalnih rizika, a 87,2% da su cjepiva sigurna i dobro kontrolirana. Najbolji dokaz pozitivnog stava o cijepljenju je činjenica da bi 97,7% studenata medicine redovito cijepilo svoje dijete po kalendaru cijepljenja. Rezultati ankete pokazali su da se velika većina studenta (91%) oslanja na pouzdane izvore poput predavanja na fakultetu ili baza znanstvenih podataka. Studenti su pokazali dobru razinu znanja o cijepljenju, iako ih čak 64% smatra da cijepljenje nije dovoljno zastupljeno u nastavnom planu. ZAKLJUČCI: Velika većina studenata ima iznimno pozitivno mišljenje o cijepljenju i shvaća važnost kontinuiranog provođenja i postizanja adekvatne procijepljenosti populacije. Provedeno istraživanje ukazuje na potrebu revizije postojećih dodiplomskih kurikula i bolje edukacije studenta o značaju prevencije bolesti, osobito programa cijepljenja., OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this research was to determine the attitudes and knowledge of medical students on the vaccination of children and to investigate their correlation with gender, study program (croatian / english program) and year of study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Research is based on an anonymous survey for students of medicine at the School of Medicine of the University of Split. For this purpose, a special questionnaire was created and distributed over the Internet with the approval of the Ethics Committee of the of Medical School in Split. The sample of respondents was defined by the total number of medical students at the School of Medicine in Split. Out of 775 medical students, 383 (49.4%) of them completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: Results of this research showed positive attitudes and homogeneous vaccine support in all observed groups of respondents. Even though most of the students agree on the efficacy and safety of vaccination as the best preventive method, there are certain differences in attitudes as well as misapprehensions among students in the Croatian and English programs, between men and women, and among students of different years. 96,1% of respondents think that the benefits of vaccination are significantly higher than the potential risks and 87,2% of respondents think that vaccines are safe and well-controlled. The best evidence of a positive attitude towards vaccination is the fact that 97,7% of respondents would regularly vaccinate their children according to the vaccination schedule. The survey results showed that a vast majority of students (91%) relied on reliable sources such as lectures at the faculty or scientific data bases. Students showed a good level of knowledge about vaccination, although as many as 64% believe that vaccination is not sufficiently represented in the curriculum. CONCLUSION: vast majority of students have a positive opinion about vaccination and realize the importance of a continuous implementation of the vaccination program. This research suggests the need to review the existing undergraduate curriculum and to better educate students about the importance of prevention of diseases, especially the vaccination program.

CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Predrasude i diskriminacija psihijatrijskih pacijenata su uobičajene u društvu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi stavove studenata medicine četvrte godine sveučilišta u Splitu prema pacijentima s depresijom, shizofrenijom, ovisnosti o alkoholu i ovisnosti o marihuani, te utjecaj nastave iz predmeta Psihijatrija na moguće promjene stavova i razinu suosjećanja s takvim pacijentima. ISPITANICI I METODE: Studenti četvrte godine medicinskog fakulteta u Splitu pohađali su nastavu iz predmeta Psihijatrija. Podatci su prikupljeni pomoću anketa u čijem je ispunjavanju sudjelovalo 56 studenata prije i nakon slušanja nastave psihijatrije. Za procjenu promjene stavova i razine suosjećanja korištena je Medical Condition Regard Scale. REZULTATI: Stavovi studenata nisu se statistički značajno promijenili nakon odslušane nastave. Međutim, jednostavnim mjerenjem aritmetičkih sredina odgovora primijećen je pozitivan pomak u razini suosjećanja i promjeni stavova u većini elemenata istraživanja koji nije bio klasificiran kao statistički značajna razlika. U analizi početnih stavova ispitanika prema pacijentima s ispitivanim stanjima primijećena je veća razina suosjećanja prema pacijentima s depresijom i shizofrenijom nego prema pacijentima s ovisnosti o alkoholu te ovisnosti o marihuani. Daljnje istraživanje je potrebno na većim i raznolikijim skupinama studenata za jasnije shvaćanje utjecaja nastave na promjenu stavova. ZAKLJUČAK: Statistički značajna razlika pronađena je u odgovorima na dvije tvrdnje iz MCRS povezanog s depresijom i to tvrdnje Depresija 7 i Depresija 8, tj. više su se slagali da je liječenje pacijenata s depresijom uzaludno trošenje zdravstvenog novca nakon nastave nego prije, te su se manje slagali da je rad s bolesnicima koji boluju od depresije za njih posebno težak nakon nego prije nastave. Pozitivnija promjena stavova pronađena je kod muškaraca i onih koji su bili u prethodnom kontaktu s psihijatrijskim pacijentima., OBJECTIVES: Stigma or negative discriminatory attitudes towards psychiatric patients are common in the general public. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of medical students in the fourth year University of Split towards patients with depression, schizophrenia, alcohol and marijuana addiction, and the impact of clinical knowledge at possible changes in attitudes and level of sympathy with such patients. EXAMINEES AND METHODS: Students in the fourth year of medical school in Split attended classes in subject Psychiatry. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which was complied by 56 students before and after listening to the classes of psychiatry. Medical Condition Regard Scale was used to estimate the change in attitudes and levels of sympathy. RESULTS: The attitudes of students were not significantly changed after attended courses. However, simple arithmetic means of measuring the response show positive shift in the level of compassion and a change in attitudes in most elements of research that has not been classified as a statistically significant difference. The initial analysis of their attitudes toward patients with these conditions has showed higher levels of empathy toward patients with depression and schizophrenia than to patients with alcohol dependence and marijuana addiction. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant difference was found in the answers to two statements from MCRS associated with depression. They agreed more that the treatment of patients with depression is a waste of medical money after classes than before, and showed less agreement that work with patients suffering from depression is for them especially hard after classes. More positive changes in attitudes were found in men and those who have been in previous contact with psychiatric patients.