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Background: Endometriosis is a common cause of female reproductive problems, and vitamin intake may affect its incidence. Therefore, we further explored the association between multivitamin intake and endometriosis in a large population-based study. Methods: This study included 3351 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006. The dietary intake of eight vitamins was calculated as the average of two 24-h recall interviews, and information on endometriosis was obtained through questionnaires that included gynecological history. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between multivitamin intake and endometriosis. Smoothed curve fitting analysis was employed to assess the dose–response relationship between vitamins and endometriosis. Finally, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to determine the association of covariates between vitamins and endometriosis. Results: In this large-scale cross-sectional study, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C and folate was negatively associated with the occurrence of endometriosis. The odds ratios associated with a per-SD increase were 0.836 (95%CI: 0.702, 0.997), 0.817 (95%CI: 0.702, 0.951), 0.860 (95%CI: 0.746, 0.991), 0.784 (95%CI: 0.669, 0.919), 0.845 (95%CI: 0.718, 0.994), and 0.772 (95%CI: 0.660, 0.903), respectively. Smoothed curve fitting analysis revealed that the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and folate was negatively associated with the risk of endometriosis (P < 0.05). Vitamin E showed a saturating effect, with an optimal cutoff point at 13.18. Below this cutoff, the intake of vitamin E was negatively correlated with the risk of endometriosis (OR = 0.947, 95% CI: 0.906, 0.989), whereas above the cutoff, there was no significant correlation between vitamin E intake and the risk of endometriosis (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 0.997, 1.005). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a significant linear negative correlation between the intake of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and folate, and the risk of endometriosis, and reveal a threshold effect for vitamin E intake on the risk of endometriosis. These findings could inform clinical dietary interventions and may support the development of preventive strategies for endometriosis, potentially aiding in its reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the green synthesis of Ag@Ag2O nanostructures using Padina algae extract and functionalizing them with L-tryptophan to enhance their properties as a colorimetric sensor for simultaneous detection of ultra-trace levels of thiamin and riboflavin. The nanostructures are characterized using techniques like XRD, FESEM, FTIR, TEM, AFM, and DLS to understand their morphology, structure, and interactions with target molecules. FESEM analysis revealed the hierarchical flower-like Ag@Ag2O nanostructures. The TEM image shows the formation of core-shell nanostructures. Also, DLS analysis and surface zeta potential spectra illustrated the aggregated nature of fabricated nanocomposites in the presence of vitamins. The study is the first to report simultaneous determination of thiamin and riboflavin using a colorimetric sensor based on Ag@Ag2O-L-Try nanocomposites using partial leas square (PLS). The dynamic range of thiamin and riboflavin was achieved in 0.1 mol L−1 acetate buffer pH 4 and the ratio Ag@Ag2O: L-try 1:1. The Ag@Ag2O-L-Try sensor exhibited two linear ranges of 0.1- 1.0 and 3-350 µMol L− 1 for riboflavin and a linear range 3.0–60 µMol L− 1 for thiamin. Also, low detection limit of 1.92 µMol L− 1 and 0.048 µMol L− 1 was obtained for riboflavin and thiamin, respectively. The results indicated that the success of the method depends on the selective and sensitive colorimetric assay of the sensor along with the simultaneous determination by the PLS algorithm. Hence, the proposed technique can be used for the accurate and precise determination of vitamins in different pharmaceutical syrup and tablet samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nutri Crackle rusk, developed using an innovative pigmented variety of black rice flour, possesses a rich nutritional profile with essential amino acids, dietary fibers, and antioxidants, offering unique health benefits beyond traditional rice varieties. Establishing healthy eating habits during childhood cancer treatment is crucial for long-term well-being. Mindful consumption, incorporating Nutri Crackle rusk instead of empty-calorie snacks, can significantly improve the quality of life of childhood cancer survivors during their survivorship period. Materials and Methods: The novel Nutri Crackle rusk using black rice flour was developed under proper hygienic conditions. Semi-trained panel and consumer panel members evaluated the organoleptic properties of the developed product. Nutrient components of the formulated Nutri Crackle rusk were examined through an organoleptic assessment. Results: The nutrient composition of the formulated Nutri Crackle rusk was analyzed using a standard procedure. Sensory evaluation indicated positive feedback, with an overall acceptability score of 8.01. Nutrient analysis revealed a well-rounded profile, emphasizing energy provision (464.285 kcal), (11.97 g protein), (11.29 g fiber), and essential micronutrients (zinc, iron, and vitamins B1 and B2). Nutri Crackle rusk is a favorable and potentially beneficial snack for this vulnerable group. Conclusion: The study signifies that the novel healthy Nutri Crackle rusk is rich in fiber, zinc, iron, protein, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. Intake of the developed Nutri Crackle rusk could be a healthy alternative for pediatric cancer patients and cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reported by the FAO, in 2022, approximately 735 million people experienced undernourishment, underscoring the critical need for effective strategies to address micronutrient deficiencies. Among these strategies, the mass fortification of staple foods, particularly rice—a dietary staple for half of the global population—has emerged as one of the most effective approaches. Conventional milling processes diminish the nutritional content of rice, necessitating the development of fortification methods to enhance its nutrient profile. This study investigates advanced fortification techniques to improve the nutritional value of rice, focusing on vitamins B1, B2, and B6, with guidelines from the US Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intakes. The results indicate that implementing ultrasonic treatments and optimal soaking conditions (60 °C for 60 min) significantly enhances the absorption of these vitamins. Effective parameters included a concentration of 1500 ppm for vitamin B1 and higher levels for vitamins B2 and B6, with a rice-to-vitamin solution ratio of 1:4. These conditions yielded an absorbed vitamin B1 content of 1050 mg/kg, bringing the fortified rice closer to meeting recommended intake levels. Given the global average daily consumption of 100 g of rice per person, this research demonstrates the feasibility of fortifying rice to address nutrient deficiencies effectively and contribute to improved dietary health worldwide. Further enhancement of vitamin B2 and B6 levels remains essential for optimal fortification, highlighting the potential of fortified rice as a sustainable solution for improving global nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) is a very important factor in the regulation of blood pressure. Also, the inhibition of ACE with natural compounds has been a very important research area in the treatment of high blood pressure. ACE was purified and characterized from sheep plasma. Molecular docking studies and the inhibition effect of thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril on ACE were investigated.Herein, ACE was purified from sheep plasma by affinity chromatography. The effect of thiamine and riboflavin on ACE was researched. Molecular docking studies were performed to understand the molecular interactions between thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril with ACE.The purification coefficient was found to be 8636 fold. The binding energy of thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril was found to be -6.7 kcal/mol, -8.1 kcal/mol, and -5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Thiamine conformed to three conventional hydrogen bonds with ASP:415, HIS:513, and LYS:454. Riboflavin formed four conventional hydrogen bonds with GLN:281, GLU:376, THR:282, and TYR:520. Captopril formed two conventional hydrogen bonds with ARG:124, one conventional hydrogen bond with TYR:62 and ASN:85, and one carbon-hydrogen bond with ASN:66. Molecular docking results showed that thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril interacted with ACE through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Thiamine and riboflavin indicated significant inhibition effects on ACE. The IC50 values of thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril were found as 960.56 µM, 11.02 µM, and 1.60 nM, respectively. Ki values for thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril were determined as 1352.04 µM, 12.30 µM, and 1.06 nM, respectively.In this work, it was concluded that thiamine and riboflavin may have preventive and therapeutical impacts against high blood pressure with their ACE inhibitor effect. Thiamine and riboflavin showed a lower inhibitory effect with a higher IC50 than captopril. However, when the inhibitory effect of thiamine and riboflavin vitamins is compared to captopril, it is concluded that they may be natural inhibitors with fewer side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare professionals are consistently bombarded with conflicting messages about the role of diet in bone health. Yet, few resources are available that compile the broad scope of dietary factors that influence bone health. This article evaluates the evidence on the association of diet and exercise with bone health, with the aim to provide a resource for healthcare professionals and researchers in the field. This review also highlights gaps in knowledge, provides dialogue around why some studies exhibit conflicting outcomes, and showcases why many remaining questions likely cannot be answered with the current evidence to date. The best evidence to date supports obtaining recommended dairy and calcium intakes for building bone in early life and mitigating bone loss with age. However, nutrients do not solely work in isolation, and there is growing evidence that many other nutrients and dietary bioactives play a synergistic role in supporting bone health. Large randomized controlled trials, particularly in traditionally underserved subpopulations (eg, people of color, transgender individuals, older adults, etc), are needed to fully elucidate the effects of diet and exercise on bone health across the lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : The aim was to study the association between dietary intake of B vitamins in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by the age of 10 years. Methods: We followed 8500 T1D-susceptible children born in the U.S., Finland, Sweden, and Germany in 2004 -2010 from the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, which is a prospective observational birth cohort. Dietary intake of seven B vitamins was calculated from foods and dietary supplements based on 24-h recall at 3 months and 3-day food records collected regularly from 6 months to 10 years of age. Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for energy, HLA-genotype, first-degree relative with T1D, sex, and country. Results: A total of 778 (9.2) children developed at least one autoantibody (any IA), and 335 (3.9%) developed multiple autoantibodies. 280 (3.3%) children had IAA and 319 (3.8%) GADA as the first autoantibody. 344 (44%) children with IA progressed to T1D. We observed that higher intake of niacin was associated with a decreased risk of developing multiple autoantibodies (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92, 0.98) per 1 mg/1000 kcal in niacin intake. Higher intake of pyridoxine (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.96) and vitamin B12 (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77, 0.97) was associated with a decreased risk of IAA-first autoimmunity. Higher intake of riboflavin (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.05, 1.80) was associated with an increased risk of GADA-first autoimmunity. There were no associations between any of the B vitamins and the outcomes "any IA" and progression from IA to T1D. Conclusion: In this multinational, prospective birth cohort of children with genetic susceptibility to T1D, we observed some direct and inverse associations between different B vitamins and risk of IA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundWhile vitamin deficiencies can pose serious health consequences for the body, excessive intake of vitamins can also lead to health risks. However, there is limited data about the impact of multivitamins on neurological and growth disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between multivitamins and neurological and growth disorders.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 16,921 subjects who visited the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2019 to 2021. The subjects were categorized into two groups based on their health status including 9,368 cases (4,484 with neurological disorders and 4,884 with growth disorders) and 7,553 healthy controls. Statistical tests including the T-test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and Chi-Square test were employed to compare the groups, and logistic regression and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression were used to identify associations.ResultsIn the adjusted logistic regression, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin B2, and vitamin B9 were associated with decreasing risks of neurological disorders, whereas vitamin A, vitamin B1, and vitamin B12 were associated with increasing risks of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, vitamin A and vitamin B2 were associated with increasing risks of growth disorders. In the WQS model, nine multivitamins were positively associated with risks of neurological disorders, and Vitamins D and C were weighted the most. In addition, the inverse association but not statistically significant was observed between multivitamins and growth disorders, particularly growth retardation revealed a negative association, and some individual growth disorders revealed positive associations including obesity and malnutrition.ConclusionIn general, the study observed that multivitamins may be associated with neurological and growth disorders either positive or negative depending on the type of disorder.

Soybean seeds are excellent sources of tocopherols, B vitamins, and isoflavones, which are well known for their health benefits. This study investigated the influence of environment and genotype on these constituents across 13 Korean soybean varieties cultivated in three locations during the 2017–2019 growing seasons. Statistical analyses, employing both univariate and multivariate methods, revealed significant impacts of genetic and environmental factors on the composition of tocopherols, B vitamins, and isoflavones. Through permutational univariate analysis of variance, the primary contributors to each measured component were identified. Genotype strongly influenced the levels of β- and δ-tocopherols, whereas the interaction between location and year predominantly affected α- and γ-tocopherols. Vitamin B1 content was predominantly determined by genotype, whereas B3 and B6 were influenced by annual variations. Vitamin B2 level was primarily affected by the interplay between environmental and genotypic effects. Genotype had a significant effect on isoflavone components, with the exception of daidzein. Furthermore, early maturing varieties and those with black seed coats exhibited low levels of isoflavone components and total isoflavones, suggesting a relationship between maturity group and seed coat color in isoflavone variation. These findings can be used as reference values for compositional equivalence assessment of genetically modified soybeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between glaucoma and B vitamin dietary intake. A total of 5025 enrolled individuals participated in self-reported glaucoma questionnaire and 3264 participated in International Society Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria. In self-reported glaucoma, the risk of having self-reported glaucoma was lower in the third quartile of vitamin B1 intake (odds ratio [odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40–0.97), and P trend (P trend = 0.004) for vitamin B12 was significant; in males, the third quartile of vitamin B1 intake (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.83) and the fourth quartile of vitamin B2 intake (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17–0.89) were associated with a lower risk. In glaucoma based on ISGEO criteria, the increase of niacin intake (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.99) was negatively associated with the odds of self-reported glaucoma. After sex-stratified analysis, the third quartile of vitamin B6 intake (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.60) in males were associated with reduced odds of glaucoma. The restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear association of vitamin B2 (p for nonlinearity = 0.04) and B9 (p for nonlinearity = 0.024) intake with glaucoma diagnosed by ISGEO criteria in females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrient needs are difficult to meet during infancy due to high nutrient requirements and the small quantities of food consumed. Guidelines to support food choice decisions are critical to promoting optimal infant health, growth and development and food pattern modeling can be used to inform guideline development. We employed the Optifood modeling system to determine if unfortified complementary foods could meet 13 nutrient targets for breastfed infants (6–11 months), and to describe food patterns that met, or came as close as possible to meeting targets. We also examined the impacts of eliminating food groups, increasing starchy staple foods or adding sentinel unhealthy foods. We collated a global food list from dietary studies in 37 countries and used this list to develop nutrient values for a set of 35 food subgroups. We analyzed infant dietary intakes from studies in eight countries to inform maximum quantities and frequencies of consumption for these subgroups in weekly food patterns. We found that unfortified foods could meet targets for most infants for 12 nutrients, but not for iron. For the smallest and youngest infants, with the lowest energy intakes, there were additional deficits for minerals. Best‐case food patterns that met targets or came as close as possible to meeting targets included ample amounts of diverse vegetables, diverse plant‐ and animal‐source protein foods, small amounts of whole grain foods and dairy and no refined grains or added fats or sugar. There were nutrient deficits if animal‐source foods or vegetables were eliminated or if unhealthy foods were included. Key messages: When diverse foods are available, affordable and acceptable, unfortified complementary foods can meet most infants' needs for a set of 12 key nutrients, but not for iron.For the smallest infants, there are deficits for calcium, iron, potassium and zinc even in best‐case food patterns.Best‐case food patterns include ample amounts of diverse vegetables, diverse plant‐ and animal‐source protein foods and small amounts of whole grain foods and dairy.These include no refined grains or added fats or sugar.Nutrient deficits arise if animal‐source foods or vegetables are eliminated, or if unhealthy foods are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the dietary intake of vitamin B complex (thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin) and cervical cancer in Korea. Methods: The data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed, which included 28,306 participants who were categorized into non-cervical cancer and cervical cancer groups. The following dietary intake threshold levels of thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin were identified based on the recommended daily allowances (RDAs): thiamine, 1.1 mg/day; riboflavin, 1.2 mg/day; and niacin, 14 mg/day. Results: Among 28,306 participants, 27,976 were in the non-cervical cancer group and 330 were in the cervical cancer group. Riboflavin intakes of more than 1.2 mg/day but less than 2.4 mg/day were associated with a significantly reduced risk of cervical cancer, whereas intakes of above 2.4 mg/day were not associated with cervical cancer. Thiamine and niacin intakes were not significantly related to the risk of cervical cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that an intake of riboflavin of 1.2–2.4 mg/day may contribute to a lower risk of cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial diets for silkworms overcome the seasonal limitations of traditional rearing methods with fresh mulberry leaves. However, the current wet artificial diets, steamed at high temperatures, are not favored by silkworms, and they are cumbersome and challenging to preserve. These conditions adversely affected the development of artificial diet-based sericulture production. In this study, we disinfected dry powder diets with radiation and added distilled water without steaming before use. Then, the nutritional value of finished diets and their impact on silkworm development was assessed. Compared with steamed diets, nonsteamed diets were more attractive to silkworms. Chemical assays showed significantly more essential nutrients for silkworms, including l -ascorbic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and urease in nonsteamed diets than in steamed diets. Feeding fifth-instar silkworm larvae with nonsteamed diets significantly improved the ammonia utilization efficiency of the diet and increased the cocoon shell rate and diet/silk protein conversion efficiency by 5.9% and 13.3%, respectively. When fed with nonsteamed diets, the abundance of aerobic microorganisms in silkworm intestines increased and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased. Furthermore, the vitality of the silkworm, measured by the dead worm cocoon rate, significantly improved by 16.90%. In summary, preparing sterile wet diets without high-temperature steaming effectively improved the nutritional value of the diet and enhanced silkworm growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Legumes have been recognised as healthy and environmentally friendly protein sources. Knowledge about the vitamin B contents in legume ingredients and extrudates is scarce. In this study, we investigated thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate in various faba bean, lupin, and pea ingredients. Further, the retention of B vitamins in high moisture extrusion was studied. Prior to liquid chromatographic determinations of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate, vitamins were extracted by acid hydrolysis (niacin), enzymatic treatment (folate), or their combination (thiamin and riboflavin). The contents (on a dry matter basis) varied greatly among different ingredients: the thiamin content was 0.2–14.2 µg/g; riboflavin, 0.3–5.9 µg/g; niacin, 8.8–35.5 µg/g, and folate, 45–1453 ng/g. Generally, the highest levels were in flours and protein concentrates, whereas low levels were observed in isolates. The retention of B vitamins was excellent in high moisture extrusion, except for folate in faba bean, where the folate contents were 42–67% lower in the extrudates than in the respective ingredient mixtures. In terms of both vitamin B contents and their retention, extrudates containing substantial amounts of flour or protein concentrate are promising plant-based sources of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B vitamins are essential for maintaining several body functions. Assessing micronutrient status in a population is crucial for evaluating the individual or the population’s levels of nutrient sufficiency, deficiency, or toxicity; examining the relationship between a nutrient’s status and adverse health outcomes; and determining nutrient needs to establish reference values. There is lack of periodical national surveys in Saudi Arabia that assess the status of the B vitamins. Therefore, this review summarizes and critique the literature of B vitamin status in Saudi adults age of ≥18 years. Databases (PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published between January 1980 to December 2022 using combinations of the terms “Saudi Arabia”, “status”, “level” along with all the corresponding vitamin B keywords and metabolites. Forty three studies were obtained. Only 28 studies were included to the current review. Several studies conducted in Saudi adults measured folate and vitamin B12 status. Fewer studies assessed thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine status. No relevant studies were found on the status of niacin, pantothenic acid, and biotin. Studies on thiamin status have not reported rates of deficiency except for one study reporting a prevalence of 3%. Conflicting findings were observed for riboflavin status, but the most recent evidence suggests a prevalence of 36.9% deficiency among Saudi adults. Folate deficiency appears to be low, whereas vitamin B12 might be of concern among Saudi adults. There were discrepancies in the results of some vitamin status in Saudi adults mainly attributed to differences in biomarkers used, methodologies, regional differences, and/or age group/population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundEarly-onset sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that occurs at an early age. This condition perpetuates the vicious cycle of muscle loss and is associated with adverse outcomes. It is important to identify the contributing factors for early intervention and prevention. While diet is known to impact muscle mass, the association of B vitamins with early-onset sarcopenia remains unexplored.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of B vitamins intake with early-onset sarcopenia risk in a cross-sectional study.MethodsWe conducted data analysis on a total of 8,711 participants aged between 20 and 59 years who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. Early-onset sarcopenia was defined as a SMI measured by DXA that was one standard deviation below the sex-specific mean of the reference population. B vitamins intake (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, and B12) was assessed by 24-h dietary recall. We used weighted multiple logistic regression and RCS models to estimate the OR and 95% CI of sarcopenia by B vitamins intake, adjusting for demographic, physical, lifestyle, comorbidities, and nutritional covariates.ResultsHigher intake of vitamin B1 was associated with a 22% lower sarcopenia risk (OR = 0.78, CI = 0.63–0.97, p = 0.022), and higher intake of vitamin B2 with a 16% lower risk (OR = 0.84, CI = 0.74–0.97, p = 0.012) in both genders. Gender-specific analyses showed a 28% reduction in sarcopenia risk among males with each additional mg of vitamin B1 intake (OR = 0.72, CI = 0.52–0.97, p = 0.038), and a 26% decrease among females with each additional mg of vitamin B2 intake (OR = 0.74, CI = 0.57–0.96, p = 0.021). No significant differences were found between vitamin B2 and males, or between vitamin B1 and females. The RCS model suggested a nonlinear relationship between vitamin B2 intake and sarcopenia risk (POverall = 0.001, PNonlinear = 0.033), with a plateau effect above 3 mg/d.ConclusionHigher intake of vitamin B1 and B2 may lower the risk of early-onset sarcopenia, with gender differences. This suggests the potential of nutritional intervention by increasing these vitamins intake through diet and supplements. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and design targeted interventions.

Why was the work done: To determine whether the susceptibility of lager to microbiological spoilage is determined by composition, microbiota or both. To assess beer spoilage by a consortium of yeast and bacteria from draught beer rather than pure laboratory cultures. How was the work done: Four draught beer styles - cask ale and keg lager, ale, and stout - were sampled twice in five different public houses in four different locations. The beers were forced by static incubation at 30°C for four days. 'Challenge testing' with an inoculum of heterogeneous microorganisms from the forced samples was used to assess the spoilage of ten commercial lagers after incubation by the increase in turbidity at 660 nm. The same approach was used to evaluate the role of nutrients in beer spoilage by forcing with the addition of yeast extract or vitamins (thiamine and riboflavin). What are the main findings: The ten lagers varied in susceptibility to spoilage ranging three-fold from the least to most spoilable. Average spoilage across the beers was comparable for microorganisms from lager, keg ale and stout but ca. 50% greater with microorganisms from cask ale. The ranking of spoilage of the 10 lagers was similar for microbiota from cask ale, keg ale and stout but less so from lager. Spoilage was influenced by beer composition and was inversely related to beer pH and level of free amino nitrogen. The addition of yeast extract stimulated spoilage of the least spoilable lager but the addition of vitamins B1 and B2 had little or no effect. Spoilage was extensive at 30°C, measurable at 12°C but imperceptible at 2°C. Why is the work important: The oft-quoted statement that beer is 'robust to microbiological spoilage' is a fallacy. All ten lagers were spoilt by draught beer microorganisms, but some were more spoilable than others. It is suggested that spoilage may be reduced by lowering beer pH and curbing the availability of nutrients for microbial growth. Whilst (as would be expected) beer storage at 2°C supresses microbial growth, storage at 12°C (as practiced in UK public house cellars) allows spoilage microorganisms to grow in beer. Although the threat of microbial spoilage in the brewing process is managed by good manufacturing practice, draught beer is vulnerable and requires more focus and commitment to hygienic practices to assure quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleoside or nucleotide analogues (NAs) have the potential to cause lactic acidosis by inhibiting DNA polymerase-γ of human mitochondria and impairing aerobic metabolism. Patients may be asymptomatic, have mild non-specific symptoms, or present in multisystem organ failure. There is a paucity of data to guide management of life-threatening lactic acidosis due to NA therapy. Here we describe a case of a 60-year old critically ill male with decompensated cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who developed severe lactic acidosis (13.8 mmol/L) 2 days after initiation of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). All other possible etiologies for the elevated lactate were ruled out. Lactic acidosis resolved rapidly with TAF discontinuation and supplementation with cofactors supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including coenzyme Q10, levocarnitine, riboflavin, and thiamine. This case highlights the ability of TAF to cause lactic acidosis early after therapy initiation, especially in susceptible hosts, and reviews the potential role for cofactor supplementation for drug-induced mitochondrial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the effect of the steamed and boiling cooking methods on the vitamin content of six staple green vegetables in Nigeria. Vitamin levels in fresh, steamed and boiled leafy vegetables were determined using spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods. The results of vitamin analysis showed that fresh vegetable of Amaranthus hybridus contained the largest amount of ascorbic acid, thiamin and niacin (358.40 mg/100 g, 0.09 mg/100 g and 0.08 mg/100 g), while Talinum triangulare had the highest level of riboflavin (0.18 mg/100 g). The steamed Amaranthus hybridus contained the highest levels of ascorbic acid, thiamin and niacin (322.56 mg/100 g, 0.08 mg/100 g and 0.73 mg/100 g), while steamed leaves of Talinum triangulare had the highest quantity of riboflavin (0.16 mg/100 g). The boiled Amaranthus hybridus had the highest amount of ascorbic acid, thiamin and niacin (197.12 mg/100 g, 0.05 mg/100 g and 0.41 mg/100 g), whereas the boiled Talinum triangulare had the highest level of riboflavin (0.09 mg/100 g). The percentage of vitamin loss in steamed leafy vegetables varies from 9 to 11 %, 9 to 17 %, 9 to 13 % and 9 to 12 % in ascorbic acid, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin respectively. Almost 50 % of the essential vitamins were lost in boiled leafy vegetables. The results revealed that vegetables could be improved source of some important vitamins that can help humans meet their nutritional needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was undertaken to determine the energy and nutrient contribution of different food groups to the dietary intake of 6- to <9-month-old infants. An observational study was conducted using baseline data of a preliminary randomised controlled trial that aimed to determine the effect of egg consumption on infant growth. Participants resided in a peri-urban community (Jouberton) in North West province, South Africa. The study included 6- to <9-month-old infants (n = 155); 24-hour dietary recall data were available for n = 144. Most infants consumed either two (29.2%) or three (42.4%) out of eight food groups. The grains/roots/tubers group was consumed by 95.8% of infants; for consumers thereof, it contributed 75.5% of iron, 53.0% of thiamine and 42.5% of folate. Breast milk and dairy were consumed respectively by 64.4% of infants. For breastfed infants, breast milk was the major contributor of energy and fat, and some micronutrients (calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin and riboflavin); but they had lower intakes (p < 0.05) for all micronutrients except vitamin A compared with non-breastfed infants. For consumers (16.7%) of animal-source foods (ASFs), these contributed 42.8% for vitamin B12 and 33.4% for protein; and intake of protein, riboflavin and vitamin B12 was higher (p < 0.05) for consumers compared with non-consumers. The least consumed food groups were legumes (0.7%), flesh foods (6.9%) and eggs (10.4%). Grains/roots/tubers, dairy and breast milk made a major contribution to the intake of key nutrients. Animal-source foods were not consumed frequently, but for consumers thereof made a substantial contribution as well. Strategies to improve dietary diversity should encourage continued breastfeeding, aim to increase intake of food groups not frequently consumed and promote locally available food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the banning of antibiotics in animal feeds (2006), there has been an increase in the number of studies looking for alternatives to stimulate the gut immune system. The main objective of our review article is to underline the nutraceutical properties of Curcuma longa and Spirulina platensis in the broiler chicken industry, and the experimental data were obtained by analyzing literature sources. Spirulina platensis is widely recognized as a valuable protein source, containing approximately 55–70% protein, 25% carbohydrates, essential amino acids, and 18% fatty acids. It is also rich in various vitamins like thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, vitamin C, gamma-linolenic acid, phycocyanins, tocopherols, chlorophyll, beta-carotenes, carotenoids, exhibiting positive effects on growth performance, gut integrity, and immunity. The anti-inflammatory effect of spirulina supplementation at different levels showed a decrease in caspase-3 and the TNF-α immunolabeling index; a reduction in IL-1β, IL-2 and IFN-γ; and an increase in the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. Spirulina inhibits the synthesis of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-gamma in addition to the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzymes. Turmeric also positively influences the growth, egg production, and overall health of chickens. Curcumin, the most potent component of turmeric, possesses additional pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, and anticancer effects. Its immunomodulatory properties greatly enhance the immune system response, acting as a natural antibiotic against pathogens and decreasing levels of proinflammatory interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-18, and TNF-α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powder dusting an object for fingerprints that are not readily visible to the naked eye is a technique used around the world. However, some fingerprint powders on the market today may not be safe for users or may not be environmentally friendly. This research investigated organic powder alternatives that offer fluorescence and well-defined detail in the hopes of finding a substitute for the traditional chemical-based f luorescent fingerprint powders. Ten organic white powders were evaluated on fingerprints deposited on glass beer bottles, aluminum cans, and plastic reusable water bottles. The top performing organic white powder was determined and then was mixed in 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% concentrations with either vitamin B1, vitamin B2, zinc, or chlorella because of their ability to naturally f luoresce. The most successful mixtures were vitamin B2 and zinc mixed with either xanthan gum or cream of tartar at concentrations between 60% to 100%. It is clear that competitive organic f luorescent fingerprint powders can be produced that may be safer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are several factors related to bone diseases such as physical activity, gender (oestrogen), race/ethnicity, smoking and alcohol habits, nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that could be employed to prevent or manage the onset of bone health diseases such as osteoporosis in humans. Aside from calcium and vitamin D, B vitamins are a group of water‐soluble vitamins that play a vital role in cell metabolism. In this review, current evidence on B vitamins and bone health is assessed. Clinical trials (interventions) indicate that treatment with B vitamins impact the concentrations of total plasma/serum homocysteine concentrations (tHcy); however, most studies have reported the lack of an effect of low homocysteine concentrations on bone turnover markers, bone mineral density or fracture risks. Current studies have been inconsistent in their reports on the role of B vitamins and homocysteine in bone health. More data are therefore required to show the mechanism and effect of tHcy and B vitamins on bone mineral density, bone metabolism and fracture risk. Key points: B vitamins are important for the regeneration of tissues and organs.This review shows that B vitamins may contribute to increased osteogenesis.When administered in the normal range, the bioavailability of B vitamins may be beneficial.More interventions and longitudinal studies are needed for the effect of B vitamins and homocysteine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common condition that affects 10% population in the United States (US). The relationship between thiamine and riboflavin intake and KSD has not been well-studied. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of KSD and the association between dietary thiamine and riboflavin intake with KSD in the US population. Methods: This large-scale, cross-sectional study included subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018. KSD and dietary intake were collected from questionnaires and 24-hour recall interviews. Logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the association. Results: This study included 26,786 adult participants with a mean age of 50.12 ± 17.61 years old. The prevalence of KSD was 9.62%. After adjusting for all potential covariates, we found that higher riboflavin intake was negatively related to KSD compared with dietary intake of riboflavin < 2 mg/day in the fully-adjusted model (OR = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.368 to 0.795, P = 0.002). After stratifying by gender and age, we found that the impact of riboflavin on KSD still existed in all age subgroups (P < 0.05) but only in males (P = 0.001). No such associations were found between dietary intake of thiamine and KSD in any of the subgroups. Conclusions: Our study suggested that a high intake of riboflavin is independently inversely associated with kidney stones, especially in male population. No association was found between dietary intake of thiamine and KSD. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and explore the causal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study's purpose was to identify the relationship between daily vitamin intake and blood glucose in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and identify factors affecting blood glucose. Methods: This descriptive study included 134 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a university hospital. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent T-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 27.0 version. Results: The average blood glucose of the subjects was 128.13±37.34 mg/dL and 30.6% of the subjects had readings of over 140 mg/dL. Blood glucose varied significantly by sex, age, education level, exercise frequency, and comorbidity. Vitamins A, E, and C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, and biotin were negatively correlated with blood glucose. Factors affecting blood glucose were exercising 7 times a week (β-.61, p<.001), 4 to 6 times a week (β=-.41, p<.001), 1 to 3 times a week (β=-.38, p<.001), age (β=.18, p=.016), and vitamin A intake (β=-.16, p<.043), with a total explanatory power of approximately 31.5%. Conclusion: Nurses should provide patients undergoing chemotherapy with lifestyle interventions including exercise at least 3 days a week and appropriate vitamin A intake, especially for older patients, to prevent hyperglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, commonly used in functional foods due to its rich nutritious compounds, have been subjected to 35-min cooking durations at 125°C to determine changes in its vitamin B content. Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HR/MS), long-term 35-min cooking caused significant increases (p<0.05) in vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin) and B6 (pyridoxine) compared to raw (non-baked) samples. Vitamins B7 (biotin) and B12 (methylcobalamin) were both higher in 35-minbaked samples although these changes were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). These observations were attributed to the fact that long-term heat treatment during cooking might help breakage of thicker cell walls present in Chlorella vulgaris leading to higher vitamin B concentrations compared to raw samples. As such, it was concluded that cooking processes might help preserve vitamin B-rich content of Chlorella vulgaris and contribute to their use in functional food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nutritional supplements produced from soy and being rich in protein, fat and many other valuable substances have become a promising source of fortification of bakery products. This study aimed to develop a technology for producing wheat bread enriched with a protein-vitamin-mineral ingredient (PVMI) obtained from germinated soybeans. When kneading the dough, PVMI was added together with wheat flour and other dry components. Mathematical modeling of the wheat bread sensory evaluation showed the optimal content of PVMI in the recipe was 20% of the weight of wheat flour. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, the most rational production characteristics for obtaining bread enriched with BVMI have been established. The amount of protein in the bread sample increased by 71.9%, dietary fiber - by 40.9%, vitamin E - by 34.7%, vitamin B1 - by 190%, vitamin B2 - by 80%, choline - by 186%. The fat quantity was 4.1 times more. At the same time, the total carbohydrate content decreased by 18.1% compared to the control sample. The improved chemical composition makes it possible to classify wheat bread with PVMI as an enriched food product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial disorders are a group of metabolic disorders with variable presentation and usually affect organs with high energy requirements like the brain, eye, and heart. Seventeen-month-old girl child presented with right hemiparesis and regression of milestones following chicken pox. Investigations showed elevated lactate, white matter signal changes in both periventricular and subcortical white matter with frontal predominance in the MRI of the brain, cardiomyopathy in the echocardiography, with complex I deficiency in respiratory enzyme assay in the muscle biopsy. A homozygous missense variant c.304C>T (p. Arg102Cys) in exon 5 of NDUFS8 gene (chr11:67800682C>T; NM_002496.4) was detected on whole exome sequencing with positive parental Sanger for the same gene. The child was started on a mitochondrial cocktail, ramipril, and frusemide. Mitochondrial complex deficiency should be considered in cases with stroke-like episodes, and predominant white matter involvement on imaging mimicking classical genetic leukodystrophy like Alexander disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The current study aimed to scrutinize the probiotic traits and safety aspects of Bacillus velezensis K1 through experimental and supporting genome studies. Methods and Results The seven cultures previously isolated from the aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis were initially screened for their antibacterial activity as well as acid and bile tolerance. The isolate K1 was found to be the most potent and was further investigated for probiotic traits and safety. K1 showed tolerance to simulated digestive juices and 0.3% bile. It showed notable aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and adherence to HT-29 cells. K1 significantly prevented the adhesion of E. coli O157: H7 and S. enterica ATCC 13076 to HT-29 in cell culture assays. K1 could hydrolyze phytate and complex polysaccharides. The genes related to stress tolerance, adhesion, antimicrobial activity, and production of vitamins, viz. thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, folate, and biotin were annotated in the K1 genome. K1 was found to be non-hemolytic, noncytotoxic, as well as susceptible to antibiotics. No virulence or toxin-encoding genes were identified in its genome. Conclusions B. velezensis K1 is a prospective probiotic with the ability to tolerate gastrointestinal stress, adhere to intestinal surfaces, and inhibit enteropathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirulina is a blue-green microalga, rich in bioactive compounds and nutrients. The high nutritional value and therapeutic potential of Spirulina have increased its global importance and the demand to make healthy food products fortified with this microalgae.The aim of this work was to determine the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Spirulina. The analyzed Spirulina samples stand out for their protein content (62.49-66.17%), total fiber (5.92-8.86%), total ash (6.22 -10.47%), vitamins (vitamin C: 55.45-82.73 mg/100 g; vitamin B1: 0.627-1.08 mg/100 g; vitamin B2: 2.12-3.84 mg/100 g; vitamin B3 (Niacin): 8.21- 12.83 mg/100 g; vitamin B5: 2.15-3.05 mg/100 g; vitamin B6: 0.653-0.875 mg/100 g; vitamin B9: 0.327-0.588 mg/100 g; vitamin B12: 0.105-0.127 mg/100 g ), total polyphenols 154.50 -256.26 mg GAE/100 g), mineral elements (Na:85.77-120.45 mg/100 g; K:1385.37-1678.72 mg/1100 g; Ca: 850-1185.57 mg/100 g; Mg: 205.34-248.93 mg/100 g; Fe: 21.32-46.58 mg/100 g; Zn: 1.23-1.85 mg/100 g). Due to its high antioxidant content, Spirulina has antioxidant capacity (5.42-9.12 micromol Trolox/g). Due to its complex biochemical composition, Spirulina powder has antioxidant and therapeutic potential and can also be used for food fortification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated consumers' knowledge and evaluated the nutrient contents of cuku (Fulani cheese). Samples of cuku produced from camel, cow and goat milk were purchased from producers/sellers and used for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to investigate consumers' knowledge and standard methods were used for nutrient contents analysis. The results showed that majority of the respondents were male (90.00%) and single (69.34%). Also, the majority of the respondents (80.00%) consumed cuku as a snack one to three times daily. They consumed cuku because of its nutrient contents (69.34%) and pleasant taste (30.66%). There were significant (p<0.05) differences in proximate composition and mineral contents of cuku. The proximate composition ranged from 2.56-3.44%, 5.53-6.49%, 26.37-29.09%, 17.56-23.04%, 1.33-1.71% and 37.97-45.02% for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents, respectively, while the mineral contents ranged from 538.32-674.12 mg/100g, 755.29-763.04 mg/100g, 166.49-175.58 mg/100g, 2.38-3.96 mg/100g, 130.68-145.86 mg/100g and 14.51-21.12 mg/100g for sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus and magnesium, respectively. The vitamin contents ranged from 52.26-53.15 µg/100g, 2.51-2.65 mg/100g, 0.53-1.58 mg/100g and 0.70-0.73 mg/100g for vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C and thiamine, respectively. The study showed that cuku contained high protein, vitamin A and mineral contents, which makes it a rich and cheap source of nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winter melon fruits were grown in the field using anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and conventional fertilizer alone as the control treatment. Fruits were harvested and stored at 20 °C for 120 d, the juice was processed on day one and day 120, and the effects of soil amendment and 120 d storage on the juice's physical and chemical (sugars, acids, volatile and nutritional compounds) properties were evaluated. Fruit juice extracted from ASD-grown fruit had greater magnitude of zeta potential than the control juice, indicating it was physically more stable than the juice obtained from the control conditions. ASD fruit juice had lower soluble solids content (SSC), and lower volatile compounds that contribute green, grass, and sulfur notes, and negatively influence flavor quality. ASD fruit juice had higher vitamin B5 and cytidine. Juice processed from 120 d stored fruit had less yield due to 12.4–15.6% weight loss. The non-soluble solids content was higher and particle size was larger, and the SSC and individual sugars decreased. However, titratable acidity (TA) increased primarily due to increased citric acid. Out of 16 free amino acids, 6 increased and only 1 decreased. However, three out of five nucleosides decreased; vitamins B1 and B6 increased; vitamins B2, B3 and C decreased. Overall, juice derived from fruit produced using ASD was physically more stable and had less SSC and off-odor volatiles than the control, while the fruit juice of those stored for 120 d had lower SSC and higher TA and nutritional profiles, comparable to freshly harvested fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on severe headaches and migraine being the common disabling neurological disorders. Topics include involved in mitochondrial metabolism shown in small series and case reports for reducing migraine disability; and identifying the prevalence of severe headaches or migraine and the association between dietary thiamine and riboflavin intake with headache history.

ß-poly (L-malic acid) (PMLA) is a polyester ligated by malate subunits. It has a wide prospective application as an anti-cancer drug carrier, and its malate subunits have a great application in the food industry. The strain Aureoabsidium melanogenum could produce a high amount of PMLA during fermentation, and different substrates addition could influence the production. In this study, we directly added potassium acetate, corn steep liquor, MgSO4, MnSO4, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and nicotinamide as the fermentation substrate to the basic fermentation medium based on a generated random matrix that represented the added value. The PMLA production and four secondary indexes, pH, biomass, osmotic pressure, and viscosity were measured after 144 h fermentation. Finally, a total of 212 samples were collected as the dataset, by which the machine learning methods were deployed to predict the PMLA production by different substrates' concentrations and the secondary indexes. The results indicated that PMLA production was negatively correlated with corn steep liquor and betaine and positively correlated with potassium acetate. The PMLA production could be predicted using all different substrates' concentrations with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.164 g/L and with an MAE of 6.556 g/L by different secondary indexes. Finally, the convolutional neural network (CNN) was applied to predict the PMLA production by fermentation medium images, in which the collected images were categorized into three groups, 0–20 g/L, 21–40 g/L, and >41 g/L, based on the PMLA production. The CNN model could predict the production with high accuracy. The methods and results presented in this study provided new insight into evaluating different substrates concentration on PMLA production and demonstrating the possibility of using the convolutional neural network model in the PMLA fermentation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food fortification is one strategy that has been used to overcome micronutrient deficiencies among vulnerable populations. Maize, a common staple food in Kenya, has been used as a suitable fortification vehicle. However, several factors, including storage conditions, impact micronutrient stability in fortified maize flour. This study aimed to assess the influence of storage condition on the retention of retinol and B-vitamins in selected commercial fortified maize flour. Fresh samples of fortified maize flours from two brands (codedXX1 and XY2) were sampled from the manufacturers at the point of production. The storage stability of retinol and B-vitamins in the two brands (XX1 and XY2) was monitored for 6 months at 25°C/75% relative humidity and 35°C/83% relative humidity. Retinol and thiamine were the least stable vitamins in both flour brands, while riboflavin and folate were relatively stable. Niacin was the most stable vitamin. Retinol was the least stable vitamin for brand XXI at both 25 °C/75% RH and 35 °C/83% RH, followed by thiamine, riboflavin, folate, and niacin. However, brand XY2 showed that under both storage conditions, thiamine was the least stable vitamin, followed by retinol, riboflavin, folate, and niacin. Vitamin retention was higher in samples stored at a lower temperature and relative humidity (25°C/75% RH) than in samples stored at higher temperature and relative humidity (35°C/83% RH) for both brands. In conclusion, thiamine and retinol were generally more susceptible to storage losses. Although the vitamin content in the flour samples decreased during storage, the changes in both storage conditions (except for riboflavin) and both brands were not significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A novel metal-doped Zn/Cl carbon quantum dots (Zn/Cl-CQDs) was developed successfully as ratiometric fluorescent probes for the sequential on-off-on detection of riboflavin, Cu2+ ion and thiamine. The excellent catalytic performance of the Zn/Cl-CQDs nanozyme serves as an ideal platform for sensitive detection of thiamine. Due to the addition of riboflavin to the Zn/Cl-CQDs, the blue emission peak of Zn/Cl-CQDs at 440 nm remains unaffected and used as an internal reference approach, while the green emission peak of riboflavin at 520 nm appeared and increased remarkably. Following the presence of Cu2+, a quenching blue fluorescence signal of Zn/Cl-CQDs was observed which resulted in consequent fluorescent 'turn-off' response toward Cu2+ ion. Finally, upon the addition of thiamine to the above solution under alkaline condition, the blue emission of Zn/Cl-CQDs was gradually recovered. The prepared Zn/Cl-CQDs could act as a nanozyme catalyst for directly catalyzing the oxidation of non-fluorescent substrate of thiamine to produce highly fluorescent substrate of thiochrome. As a result, the blue fluorescence emission peak at 440 nm was recovered. Eventually, the sequential detection properties of ratiometric probes for riboflavin, Cu2+ ion and thiamine were successfully applied in VB2 tablets, drinking water and VB1 tablet with good recoveries of 96.21%, 98.25% and 98.44%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the effects of intervention with a daily multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) on thiamine, riboflavin, folate, and B12 status among young Laotian children. Methods: Children (n = 1704) aged 6–23 mo, participating in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial were individually randomized to receive daily either MNP (containing 0.5 mg of thiamine, 0.5 mg riboflavin, 150 μg folic acid, and 0.9 μg vitamin B12 along with 11 other micronutrients) or placebo and followed for ~ 36 weeks. In a randomly selected sub-sample of 260 children, erythrocyte thiamine diphosphate (eThDP), plasma folate and B12 concentrations, and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac; riboflavin biomarker) were assessed at baseline and endline. Results: There was no treatment effect on endline eThDP concentrations (110.6 ± 8.9 nmol/L in MNP vs. 109.4 ± 8.9 nmol/L in placebo group; p = 0.924), EGRac (1.46 ± 0.3 vs. 1.49 ± 0.3; p = 0.184) and B12 concentrations (523.3 ± 24.6 pmol/L vs. 515.9 ± 24.8 pmol/L; p = 0.678). Likewise, the prevalence of thiamine, riboflavin, and B12 deficiencies did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, endline folate concentration was significantly higher in the MNP compared to the placebo group (28.2 ± 0.8 nmol/L vs 19.9 ± 0.8 nmol/L, respectively; p < 0.001), and correspondingly, the prevalence of folate deficiency was significantly lower in the MNP group (1.6% vs 17.4%; p = 0.015). Conclusions: Compared to a placebo, daily MNP for 9 months increased only folate but not thiamine, riboflavin, or B12 status in young Laotian children. Trial registration: The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02428647) on April 29 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of severe headache or migraine and the association between dietary thiamine and riboflavin intake with headache history using a large, nationally representative population sample. Background: Severe headache and migraine are common and disabling neurological disorders worldwide. Previous studies revealed that the B vitamin group, as an important nutrient of diet, can reduce migraine disability. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional study of American adults surveyed in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. Information on headache history was collected in the Miscellaneous Pain section of the Questionnaire Data. Dietary intake data of thiamine and riboflavin were obtained by 24‐h dietary recall interview. Results: The present study included 13,439 participants and indicated that 2745/13,439 (21.6%) adults (aged ≥20 years) experienced severe headache or migraine in the past 3 months. Dietary thiamine intake was significantly inversely associated with severe headache or migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.88–1.00, p = 0.046). In the stratified analysis, the relationship was maintained in the female group (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82–0.98, p = 0.022), and the sex interaction term was significant (p = 0.020). However, no significant interaction was found between the age groups (p = 0.352). For dietary riboflavin, no significant negative association was observed between dietary riboflavin intake and headache history (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94–1.02, p = 0.367). After stratifying by sex or age, there remained no significant relationship between dietary riboflavin and migraine. Conclusions: We found that high intake of thiamine was significantly associated with lower odds of migraine, especially in females. In the future, more clinical studies are needed to confirm our conclusions, and additional experiments are needed to explore the possible mechanisms of prevention and treatment for migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: To determine if administration of a standard 400 mg oral dose of riboflavin (vitamin B2) was comparable to phenazopyridine (pyridium) for evaluating ease of visualization of ureteral jets at the time of cystoscopy. Methods: A three-arm double-blinded, randomized controlled study was performed consisting of thiamine as placebo, phenazopyridine, and riboflavin. Agents were administered the morning of surgery prior to surgical procedure. The primary outcome was the ease of visualization of the ureteral jets based on a grading of urine stain intensity on a 7-point color scale, where 1–2 were minimal yellow staining, 3–4 were moderate yellow staining, and 5–7 defined as intense yellow staining. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used with pairwise comparison to characterize urine stain intensity as a continuous variable among the three groups controlling for age, BMI, creatinine, and time from ingestion of medication to first cystoscopy. Results: Eighty-four subjects were randomized with a mean ± SD age of 46.25 + 11.36 and BMI of 32.46 + 6.59. Riboflavin did have moderate or intense staining in 57% of cases; however, there was no significant difference between urine staining intensity compared to placebo (p = 0.21). There was a statistically significant increased urine staining intensity for phenazopyridine compared to placebo (p = 0.001) and for phenazopyridine compared to riboflavin (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Phenazopyridine provided statistically significantly greater urine staining compared to both riboflavin and placebo and should be considered primarily for ease of ureteral jet visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-known that eating highly nutritious foods has health benefits which may include the prevention of diabetes, heart disease, cancers and other diseases. We examined five yard-long bean cultivars commonly grown in Bangladesh to determine their quality and nutritional composition in terms of carbohydrates, protein, moisture content, fat, ash, sugar crude fiber, as well as their average concentrations of the important nutrients vitamins A (folate) B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxamine), and C (ascorbic acid), the electrolytes sodium and potassium, and the minerals iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Centre (latitude 23.9920° N and longitude 90.4125° E, having an elevation of 8.2 m asl) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Bangladesh during 2019–2020 to find out the best yard-long bean cultivar to meet the nutritional security of the increasing population of Bangladesh. We observed average energy concentrations of the five yard-long bean cultivars between 37.62 to 45.94 Kcal/100 g. Similarly, average carbohydrate concentrations ranged between 6.28 to 8.41 g/100 g, average protein between 2.80 and 3.30 g/100 g, average fat between 0.10 and 0.19 g/100 g, average sugar between 1.47 to 2.34 g/100 g, and average crude fiber between 1.23 to 1.85 g/100 g. All five yard-long bean cultivars had high average concentrations of folate and key vitamins critical for human health: vitamin A (846.23–869.36 IU), vitamin B1 (0.096–0.115 mg), vitamin B2 (0.109–0.118 mg), vitamin B3 (0.40–0.42 mg), vitamin B6 (0.020–0.025 mg), and vitamin C (18.20–20.22 mg). Average sodium concentrations in the yard-long bean pods ranged from 3.97 to 4.18 mg, while average potassium concentrations varied between 230.03 and 246.57 mg. We observed high average concentrations of the minerals iron (0.85–1.28 mg), calcium (42.11–58.83 mg), magnesium (40.44–46.50 mg), and zinc (0.36–0.40 mg). Following this thorough investigation, we recommend the five yard-long bean cultivars be promoted for production and consumption within Bangladesh to improve human health and nutrition and to contribute to the prevention of key health complications including diabetes, obesity and some cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil acidity is one of the major soil-degradation events throughout the world, and the long-term application of nitrogenous fertilizers is thought to be a main cause of soil acidity. In the present experiment, we collected soil and tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaf samples from five representative tea gardens in Bangladesh and evaluated soil nutrient pools and biochemical properties of tea leaves. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between soil pH and the amount of applied nitrogenous fertilizers. Moreover, continuous application of traditional fertilizers over twenty-five years promoted not only the deficiency of phosphorus (P) and mineral-based cations, such as potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+), but also increased manganese (Mn2+) and aluminum (Al3+) toxicity in soils, which suppressed the yield and quality of tea. Crucially, tea leaf production remained almost similar (average 1079.77 kg ha−1) from 1995 to 2015, while the application doses of urea, TSP, and MoP increased by 24.69%, 18.92%, and 16.67%, respectively, in garden soils. However, the pH value of soil declined up to 24% from 1992 to 2020 in the tested gardens. Consequently, the availability of K+, P, Ca2+, and Mg2+ decreased by 56%, 25%, 55%, and 49%, respectively, in those tea garden soils. In addition, the quality of tea leaves was severely affected, as evident by the reduced levels of total flavonoids, polyphenols, soluble solids, vitamin C, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2. Moreover, free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH), caffeine, and tannin concentration were increased in tea leaves, which indicated that tea plants were potentially being stressed. Therefore, we study concluded that long-term application of traditional nitrogenous fertilizers can be an important regulator of lowering garden soil pH, which reduces native soil nutrient pools and thereby the yield and quality of tea leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An inadequate nutrient intake correlates with malnutrition, a problem affecting many adolescents worldwide. Nutrient intake is associated with quality of life (QoL). Our study analyzed the relationship between nutrient intake and adolescents' QoL. We conducted a cross-sectional study. Through simple random sampling, 157 adolescent girls were selected. Nutrition status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Nutrient intake was collected using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). WHOQOL BREF was used to explore adolescent girls' quality of life. The median of nutrient intake: energy (908.25 kcal); protein (24.16 g); carbohydrate (128.89 g); fat (21.89 g); vitamin A (77.10 mg); vitamin E (1.40 mg); vitamin B1 (0.19 mg); vitamin B2 (0.29 mg); vitamin B6 (0.45 mg); folic acid (35.13 mg); vitamin C (12.60 mg); calcium (197.46 mg); magnesium (93.72 mg); iron (2.64 mg); and zinc (2.09 mg). The adolescents' QoL scores were physical health 44 (25–81), psychological domain 56 (19–94), social relationships 56 (19–94), and environmental domain 56 (31–100). The strongest correlations were between (1) physical health with carbohydrates, vitamin C, and fat; (2) psychological domain with calcium; (3) social relationships with carbohydrates and vitamin C; and (4) environmental domain with BMI and zinc. There was a significant positive correlation between the intake of some nutrients and adolescents' QoL, despite the observation of some significant negative correlations. The findings of this study indicate that more attention should be focused on adolescents' nutrient intake in order to improve their QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]