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Završni rad naslova Ubanistički razvoj Splita od kasne antike do ranog srednjeg vijeka bavi se povijesnom analizom događaja koji su uvjetovali, ali i omogućili formiranje srednjovjekovnoga grada od kasne antike u 4. stoljeću pa sve do razvijenoga srednjega vijeka u 13. stoljeću. U Uvodu se u najkraćim crtama čitatelja upoznaje s glavnim smjernicama razvoja samog grada, dok se u prvom poglavlju pod naslovom Kasna antika prikazuje antički Spalatum i povijesno ga kontekstualizira s obzirom na Dioklecijana i njegovu vladavinu, te trenutak u kojemu se počela graditi Palača na splitskome poluotoku. Objašnjava se podrijetlo nastanka splitskoga toponima kao i njegovo smještanje u rimski ager centuriatus. Detaljno se prikazuje gradsko tkivo tadašnje Palače te se iscrpno seciraju najvažnije urbanističke značajke i navodi se njihova izvorna namjena. Nakon zaokružene cjeline o rimskoj urbanoj sredini koja je stvorila temelj za nastanak kasnijeg grada, čitatelja se upoznaje s glavnim poglavljem pod naslovom Prelazak iz antike u rani srednji vijek s ključnim preduvjetima zaslužnima za stvaranje srednjovjekovne urbane sredine. Zbog iscrpnosti podataka posljednje poglavlje Srednjovjekovni Spalatum ocrtava isključivo urbanističke zahvate splitskog komunalnog uređenja u razdoblju od 11. do 13. stoljeća. Naglasak se stavlja na primarne arhitektonske čimbenike, dotad ne viđene u antici ili ranom srednjovjekovlju, poput novog zapadnog predgrađa, širenja ulica i trgova, izgradnje prvih kuća i dr. U Zaključku se sumiraju osnovne komponente rada i izriče se temeljna svrha pisanja., This paper entitled URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF SPLIT FROM LATE ANTIQUE TO EARLY MIDDLE AGES in detail provides an overall picture of the urban changes in the period from the 5th to the 11th century, with a brief emphasis on the 12th and 13th centuries. The most important theses include those items related to the transformation of the ancient Palace into a medieval city. So, these are the changes in the city fabric that were influenced by urban, social, and even sacred factors after Diocletian's death until the settlement of the Salonitan neighboring population in the Palace. Their immigration leads to the re-use of the most important parts of the Palace, which change their sacred function to a profane one. In order to get the best possible overview of all architectural interventions and achieve a rounded picture of what is being discussed, a part of the urban interventions during the time of the Split municipal government is also mentioned. Consequently, there is a clear crystallization of the fundamental intentions that are being sought to be achieved in this work, which is about monitoring the development of the city space and the transformation of Diocletian's Palace into a medieval city. The goal is to inform the reader about the key items that influenced the transformation of the Palace in order to get a clear impression of ancient Spalatum as well as medieval Split.

In the major theories of economic development, the spatial aspect has often been neglected. Within the evolution of regional development theories, not only is there a shift in focus from exogenous to endogenous factors, but also an increasing importance of human capital in the development process. Agglomeration economies are ultimately driven by savings in transport costs, related not only to the exchange of goods and services, but also to people and ideas. Large cities play crucial role in knowledge spillover because the interaction of educated and creative people stimulates innovation. Also, it is obvious that there is a very pronounced feedback principle between urban growth and the knowledge spillover. Contemporary urbanization trends are perfectly matched with the technological advances of the new age which led to sharp decrease of costs of communication and transfer of information. These processes (that trigger pronounced agglomeration diseconomies, such as pollution, rising cost of living and congestion), accompanied by the demographic explosion that is especially evident in developing countries, bring into focus the problems of urban development. U vladajućim teorijama ekonomskog razvoja prostorni aspekt je bio vrlo često zanemarivan. U evoluciji teorija regionalnog razvoja uočava se ne samo pomeranje fokusa sa egzogenih na endogene faktore već i rastući značaj ljudskog kapitala u procesu razvoja. Aglomeracijske ekonomije, u krajnjoj liniji, nastaju usled ušteda u transportnim troškovima, vezanim ne samo za razmenu dobara i usluga, već i ljudi i ideja. Veliki gradovi imaju presudnu ulogu u prelivanju znanja budući da, interakcija obrazovanih i kreativnihljudi stimuliše inovacije. Očigledno je i da između urbanog rasta i prelivanja znanja postoji veoma izražen princip povratne sprege. Savremeni trendovi urbanizacije se savršeno poklapaju sa tehnološkim napretkom novog doba koji je doveo do značajnog opadanja troškova komunikacije i prenosa informacija. Ovi procesi (koji izazivaju sve izraženije aglomeracijske disekonomije poput zagađenja, narastajućih troškova života i zagušenja) praćeni demografskom eksplozijom, posebno istaknuti u zemljama u razvoju, stavljaju ufokus problematiku urbanog razvoja.

A paradigm shift in understanding cities and landscape as holistic, comprehensive and participatory was enhanced by the Council of Europe Landscape Convention and the Historic Urban Landscape approach. The recognition of shift markers which establish the city and landscape connections is set as the research aim and explored through review of literature covering historic development of landscape, city and landscape architecture, and landscape in history of arts and photography. The acknowledgment of universal aspects of the city and landscape connections emanates the unity and inseparability of the city and landscape., Promjena paradigme u razumijevanju gradova i krajolika kao holističkog, sveobuhvatnog i participativnog osnažena je Konvencijom o krajobrazima Vijeća Europe i istraživačkim pristupom povijesnih urbanih pejsaža. Prepoznavanje promjena paradigme koje uspostavljaju veze grada i pejsaža, postavljene su kao cilj istraživanja te su istražene pregledom literature koja obuhvaća povijesni razvoj pejsaža, grada i pejsažne arhitekture te pejsaža u povijesti umjetnosti i fotografije. Potvrđivanje univerzalnih aspekata veza grada i pejsaža emanira jedinstvo i nerazdvojnost grada i pejsaža.

Internationally granted and recognized awards, that a city could win, represent humongous capital for the city itself but also for the entire state. Starting from the support for improvement and empowerment of certain aspects, all the way to boosting number of tourists, a nomination process brings entire series of direct and indirect benefits. One of such awards is the European Green Capital that requires, similar to other competitions of that kind, serious preparation process and significant fulfilment of preconditions. Judging by the documents prepared by or in cooperation with the Belgrade city Secretariat for Environmental Protection, environmental filed is one of the most covered when it comes to the city development. However, qualities of a green capital depend on substantially more complex set of factors than just an active engagement of an institution or a sector. In addition, Belgrade differentiates from the cities that have been awarded the European Green City title so far for being a non-EU city and for still undergoing an intense urban transformation followed by economic challenges – characteristic for transitional countries. In September 2018, the Mayor of Belgrade signed an agreement letter with the Mayor of Ljubljana (the European Green Capital for 2016), thus establishing official cooperation in experience and knowledge exchange on the matter of nomination and winning the Green Capital title. Therefore, the main focus of this article will be review of current state of Belgrade‘s environmental qualities and other preconditions necessary for the European Green City competition nomination. Indicating the difference between where it currently is and where it should be, the results are expected to help in the Belgrade‘s nomination process, but also to be an example for any other European city with the similar ambition.

Magistrsko delo podaja idejno rešitev za urbanistično in arhitekturno zasnovo novega mestno-regijskega središča v Celju. Namen naloge je vpeljati novo vzdušje na trenutno degradiranem, a hkrati zaradi svoje lege tudi ekonomsko pomembnem območju. V magistrskem delu so podana urbanistična načela ter sodobni principi za oblikovanje novih mestnih središč. Podrobneje smo obravnavali temo urbanizem in načela za trajnostni razvoj mesta. Prav tako smo se dotaknili razvoja mest in mestnih središč skozi čas. Na podlagi pridobljenih znanj se v projektnem delu magistrskega dela izdela nova rešitev za mestno središče. Lokacija, na kateri se nahaja nov center, je trenutno degradirano območje in kliče po prenovi urbanega prostora. V nalogi obravnavamo dva glavna problema. Kot prvo se z novo rešitvijo mestu ponudijo novi programi, skupni prostori za druženje in srečevanje ljudi različnih kultur in starosti, ponudijo se tudi nove zelene površine, s katerimi mesto zadiha. Kot drugi pristop pa se obravnava obstoječe degradirano območje. Na podlagi predhodnih analiz mesta in njegovega predvidenega urbanističnega razvoja je v želji po čim boljši prilagoditvi arhitekture na lokacijo in karakteristiko mesta nastala arhitektura sodobnega mestnega centra v Celju, ki s svojo mešano rabo programov in raznolikostjo združuje zabavo, šport, prosti čas in pisarne. Zaradi svoje pestrosti predstavlja pomembno grajeno strukturo v mestu. Objekt se s sodobno, organsko formo skuša čim bolje vključiti v okolico, hkrati pa izražati sodoben in samostojen duh. The master’s thesis gives a conceptual solution for the urban and architectural design of the new city-regional center in Celje. The purpose of the thesis is to establish a new atmosphere in a currently degraded area which, at the same time, holds a geographically economically important position. Moreover, the master’s thesis introduces modern urban principles for designing new city centers. It discusses the subjects of urban design and principles of sustainable city development, as well as touches on the topic of historical development of cities and city centers. Furthermore, as a part of the master’s thesis, obtained knowledge is used to create a project suggesting new solutions for a specific city center. The location of the new center is a currently degraded area with an urban space in desperate need of renovation. In this regard, two main problematics are discussed in the thesis. Firstly, with the new solution, the city gains new programs, common areas for socializing, where people of various ages and cultures can meet, and also new green spaces to help the city’s breathing. And secondly, the existing degraded area is discussed. Considering the previous analysis of the city and its estimated urban development, as well as wanting to adapt the architecture to the location and the city’s characteristic as much as possible, the architecture of a modern Celje city center was created. The new city center uses its mixed usage of programs and diversity to combine fun, sport, leisure and office spaces. Due to its diversity, it represents an important part of the city’s constructed structure. With its modern, organic form, the object tries its best to blend with the surroundings while simultaneously expressing its modern and independent spirit.

Urbani razvoj tijekom posljednja četiri desetljeća u potpunosti je promijenio urbani izgled Gaboronea. Njegov izvorni savanski krajobraz i zeleni karakter okolice promijenili su se zbog kumulativnog utjecaja brojnih činitelja uključenih u stvaranje sadašnjega modernog naselja, od malog sela do glavnoga grada Bocvane. Koncept "Vrtnoga grada" počeo se provoditi neposredno nakon što je zemlja stekla neovisnost od Britanaca 1966. godine. Izgrađivano na ostavštini "Vrtnoga grada", pretpostavljalo se da će se "novo naselje" nastaviti oblikovati i postati prepoznatljiva urbana oaza. Međutim, to nije bio slučaj te je Gaborone postao jedan od najbrže rastući urbanih laboratorija u supsaharskoj Africi, prikazujući intenzivnu difuziju i usvajanje uvezenih urbanih modela (WARD, 1999). Izniman rast stanovništva, od svega 7000 stanovnika 1966., do gotovo 200 000 godine 2001. te nekontrolirano urbano širenje bili su neizbježni. To povećanje rezultat je ruralno-urbane migracije, novog upravnog sustava i ekonomskog položaja glavnog grada Bocvane, kao i intenzivne urbanizacije, industrijalizacije i prometnog razvoja temeljenog na uporabi osobnih automobila. Čak je i u posljednjem generalnom urbanističkom planu (GOB, 2001) manje pozornosti posvećeno ulozi zelenih sustava i površina te njihovu utjecaju na brojne ekološke i društvene vrijednosti. Danas se Gaborone suočava s izazovima i problemima tipičnim za megagradove, poput degradacije okoliša i nekontroliranog urbanog širenja. Predmet ovog članka je znanstveni projekt DIMSUD čiji je cilj prepoznati načine postizanja održivog urbanog razvoja. Projekt je započeo analizom izazova i nastavio sa zadatcima koji stoje pred urbanim planiranjem kao i mogućnostima postizanja održivog urbanog razvoja., Urban development in the last four decades has brought a complete change to the urban image of Gaborone. Its original savannah landscape and surrounding green complexion has changed by cumulative impacts of numerous factors involved in creation of a contemporary settlement, from a small village to the capital city of Botswana. The concept of a "garden city" was introduced immediately after the country gained its independence from the British in 1966. Building on the legacy of "garden city", it was assumed that the "new town" will continue to shape and gain recognition as an urban oasis. However, this was not the case and Gaborone became the fastest growing urban laboratory in Sub-Saharan Africa, portraying intensive diffusion and adoption of imported urban models (WARD, 1999). The spectacular population increase from only 7,000 people in 1966 to almost 200,000 in 2001, and urban sprawling were inevitable. This enlargement was fuelled by rural-urban migration owing to the administrative and economic status of Botswana's new capital, as well as, due to intensive urbanization, industrialization and transportation based on individual car use. Even in the latest city development plan (GoB, 2001) less attention has been paid to the role of green networks and areas, and their contribution to many ecological and societal values. Today, Gaborone is facing the challenge of the typical problems of mega-cities, such as environmental degradation, urban sprawl. The research project DIMSUD is dedicated to identify ways toward sustainable urban development, starting with an analysis of challenges, and continuing with the tasks for urban planning and opportunities for sustainable urban development.

Increase of population and activities in towns, among other things, leads to traffic and transport problems. Discrepancy between citizen's needs and existing economy and functionality of public traffic systems leads to traffic jam, but also to negative effects to environment. In that situation private vehicle is not the best solution, because it emits great number of pollutants in the environment. As a product of the technological improvement in rail industry there have been created light railway systems, as one of the most flexible form of public transport. This paper represents importance of light railway systems for urban development, its positive effects on environment, as plans and projects related with light railway systems introduction in Belgrade. Porast broja stanovnika i aktivnosti u gradovima, između ostalog, nosi sa sobom i niz problema u vezi sa prevozom putnika. Neusklađenost između potreba građana i postojeće operativnosti, ekonomičnosti i funkcionalnosti sistema gradskog prevoza dovodi do stvaranja gužvi u saobraćaju, ali i do negativnog dejstva na životnu sredinu. U takvoj situaciji privatno vozilo (automobil) nije najbolje rešenje, s obzirom na to da emituje veliki broj zagađivača u spoljašnju sredinu. Kao plod tehnološkog napretka železničke industrije, razvili su se laki šinski sistemi (laki metro), kao jedan od najfleksibilnijih oblika javnog prevoza. U radu će biti prikazan značaj uvođenja lakog metroa za urbani razvoj gradova, njegova pozitivna dejstva na životnu sredinu, kao i planska i projektantska dokumentacija koja se odnosi na uvođenje ove vrste transporta u gradsko tkivo Beograda.

U percepciji urbanog identiteta Pule uglavnom prevladava nasljeđe iz perioda antike s elementima poput Arene, Augustovog hrama, slavoluka Sergijevaca i slično. Takav pristup prenosi se i dalje. Iako je najveći urbani razvoj Pula imala unutar stilskog perioda historicizma, taj dio urbanog nasljeđa nije odviše istaknut, a djelovanjem ratnih razaranja i nebrige u kasnijem razdoblju izložen je degradaciji i devastiranju. Taj segment može biti temelj kako za znanstvena istraživanja, tako i za turističku valorizaciju. Korištenjem sekundarnih izvora podataka i metodologijom kompilacije, analize i sinteze u ovom radu prikazuje se historicistička baština od šireg povijesnog konteksta do specifičnih primjera u Puli., The urban identity perception of Pula has most prevalent legacy from the period of antiquity with elements such as the Arena, the temple of Augustus, the arch of Sergius and the like. Such an approach is carried further on. Although the largest development of Pula was within the period style of historicism, that part of the urban heritage is not very prominent, and the influence of war and neglect in later stages exposed it to degradation and devastation. This segment can be the basis for both scientific research and touristic evaluation. Using secondary data sources and methodology of compilation, analysis and synthesis this paper presents a historicist heritage from the wider historical context to specific examples in Pula.