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The revisit intention of tourists has long been a focal point of academic inquiry. However, there is still insufficient research on the antecedents of revisit intention from the perspectives of historical storytelling, destination image and perceived value. Taking the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as a case study, this paper, based on stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory, examines the impact of historical storytelling on the destination image, perceived value, and revisit intention. Additionally, it further explores the mediating role of destination image and perceived value, as well as the moderating effect of place attachment in this chain. The research findings indicate that: (1) Historical storytelling significantly enhances tourists' perception of the tourism experience and revisit intention; (2) The study supports the mediating effect of destination image and perceived value; (3) Place attachment has a significant positive moderating effect between historical storytelling and revisit intention. Effective historical storytelling can significantly enhance destination image and perceived value, improve tourists' participation and satisfaction in tourism, stimulate revisit intention, and promote the sustainable development of tourist destinations. These findings enrich the research content of cultural heritage tourism, providing valuable suggestions for improving the management level of cultural heritage tourism attractions and increasing visitors' revisit intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The burgeoning field of sustainable tourism in historically significant urban districts has derived increasing attention in tandem with broader urban economic development. The perceived image of a tourist destination significantly affects tourist consumption behaviors and destination choices, while negative evaluations provide destination managers with insights for targeted improvements to tourist amenities, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of these historically significant districts. This study leveraged Python 3.12.3 software to collect online textual data from popular tourism websites, specifically Ctrip 8.71.4 and Mafengwo 11.1.7. Then, ROST CM6.0 software facilitated high-frequency word analysis, network semantic analysis, and sentiment analysis to outline the perceived image and characteristics of the Macau Historic District, a UNESCO World Heritage site, from the perspective of tourists. The findings are as follows: (1) The image of the Historic Centre of Macao as a tourist destination comprises four primary dimensions: cultural (16.02%), landscape (30.85%), emotional (16.97%), and local (36.16%). (2) Tourists perceive the Historic Centre of Macao as a blend of dynamism and tranquility, tradition, and modernity. (3) Emotional evaluations of the Historic Centre of Macao as a tourist destination are primarily positive (85.45%), whereas negative sentiments constitute 5.76%, with recurring themes pertaining to overcrowding, high prices, a lack of interactive experiences at attractions, excessive commercialization, and insufficient public rest facilities. These findings offer valuable directives for the future planning and development of tourism in Macau, a city recognized for its World Heritage status. (4) In summary, the thematic image of the Historic Centre of Macao can be considered authentic, romantic, and commercialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how management at heritage visitor attractions (HVAs) can innovate with local stakeholders in the co-creation of value for visitors in cultural tourism experiences. Taking a case study of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Schokland in the Netherlands, thirteen interviews were conducted with management and local stakeholders over a five-year period. Our findings advance heritage management discourse by critically assessing HVAs regarding relationship management and innovations with stakeholders that drive development processes. We also contribute to service-dominant logic theory and value co-creation theory by applying the concept of co-creation to the collaborative innovations between management and local stakeholders, whilst offering practical recommendations for HVAs to co-create value for visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) act as icons to attract visitors seeking to experience cultural (ancient) heritage. Gastronomy, as cultural heritage, reinforces the identity of a destination. Presenting a case study from a Portuguese UNESCO WHS, this study brings insights into how these destinations may deepen the knowledge on gastronomic visitors, contributing to their sustainable development. Specifically, this study aims to identify the importance that visitors give to gastronomy and to identify their differences in terms of profile and travel behaviour, through data collected using a visitors' survey. Results show that gastronomy can be a major motivator for visiting a WHS and indicate that visitors strongly motivated by gastronomy have differences in terms of demographic profile, motivations and expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural tourism is one of the most sustainable and fastest-growing types of tourism, and so has been widely studied. Despite countless works analyzing the possible factors that can condition the choice of the tourist destination, few have addressed how they may differ by sex and within cultural tourism, and they contradict. This paper analyzes this phenomenon through the dimensions of cultural offerings, services and motivations in the city of Málaga, a very tourist city in Spain, which is the fourth country out of 167 with the most world heritage sites—UNESCO. Partial least squares—structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) were performed for a database of 415 cultural tourists survey responses. The results showed differences between constructs depending on the sex of the tourists. For men, the factor that most affects the choice of destination is tourist motivation—namely, the reason for their visit—followed by services. Conversely, services are first for women, followed by cultural offerings and motivations. The results of this study can be valuable when designing more specific tourism strategies adapted to the profile of tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the perception of a "sense of place" among tourists visiting Hegra, an archaeological site in northern Saudi Arabia, through reviews on TripAdvisor. The 267 reviews on TripAdvisor between 2020 and 2023 were analyzed using the VADER sentiment polarity analysis tool and object modeling using the NMF machine learning algorithm. The results highlight positive factors linked to the history and uniqueness of the place while showing some critical issues related to isolation, cost, privatization, and competitiveness. The originality of the research lies in the type of case study chosen, an archaeological site of a country that has recently opened its doors to tourism, and in the pragmatic nature of the investigation, oriented towards the search for possible solutions to be adopted in terms of heritage management based on the feedback received for the development of the tourist destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of Sustainable Destination Preference (SDP) on the relationship between escapism motivation, affordability perception, and tourist satisfaction at UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Indonesia. A survey was conducted on 228 international tourists, and analyzed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. SDP significantly mediates the relationship between escapism motivation and tourist satisfaction, while affordability perception directly impacts tourist satisfaction but not SDP. The Sobel test validates SDP's mediating role. The findings underscore the importance of sustainability in enhancing tourist experiences, suggesting that tourists value both ethical and environmental aspects of travel, beyond just cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Procesos Urbanos (2500-5200) is the property of Corporacion Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the relationship between archaeological tourism, UNESCO World Heritage designation, and the social value attached to archaeological sites in China. It aims to provide novel insights into such connections by examining the impact of archaeological tourism on the social values that local communities place on archaeological sites that are in the process of becoming World Heritage Sites. In recent decades, the increasing commercialization of archaeological sites for tourism, combined with the growing influence of the World Heritage listing process, has had a significant impact on the lives of communities in close proximity to archaeological sites. One way to comprehend such an effect is to examine changes in the social values assigned to those sites by their local residents. This is due to the ability of tourism development to (re)create and modify such values attributed to archaeological sites by changing their function, capacity, quality, and meaning. The World Heritage listing process, particularly during the pre-nomination period, plays an important role in shaping the tourist transformation of these sites in preparation for World Heritage inscription. Against this backdrop, this article focuses on two archaeological sites that have recently obtained the World Heritage status: the Daming Palace archaeological site and the Huashan rock art area. By applying ethnographic approaches, the article illustrates the complex influence of tourism development and the World Heritage Convention on contemporary Chinese society, in order to encourage further reflection on the existing management and development mechanisms of archaeological sites in China and around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of cultural and tourism public services in tourism destinations exerts a substantial influence on visitor experience and their overall quality of life. The current study applied structural equation modeling to empirically investigate the relationship between perceived cultural and tourism public services of visitors and their quality of life. Additionally, the mediating effects of perceived value, expectancy disconfirmation, and satisfaction in the above-mentioned influence relationship was also explored. In order to collect data, a field survey was conducted in a world heritage site located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 550 questionnaires were delivered, out of which 518 valid questionnaires were retained for subsequent analysis. The results demonstrate that perceived cultural and tourism public services of visitors have significant and positive influence on their perceived value, and visitors' perceived value has a positive effect on their expectancy disconfirmation. Moreover, there is a strong and positive relationship between visitors' expectancy disconfirmation and their satisfaction and quality of life. Additionally, the mediating effect of perceived value, expectancy disconfirmation, and satisfaction exist, and these three mediating variables serve as full mediators. The present study addresses the theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and potential areas for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to study the factors affecting the decision of international tourists to choose a tourism destination at Hoi An World Cultural Heritage Site. Based on the theory of intended behavior integrates new factors: Tourism products; Destination image; and Perceived risk. The research results show that: Using the Theory of Intended Behavior (TPB) with integration with 03 new components in the study of destination choice decisions of international visitors at the Hoi An World Cultural Heritage Site is appropriate; The model achieves composite reliability, discriminant, and extracted variance. The empirical model reached a high level of explaining the variation of variance and the predictive power reached a medium level; Two intermediate structures have been identified in the model, namely Attitude and Destination Image; Affirming the importance of structures has a strong influence on the decision structure of tourist destination selection, namely, perceived risk, social influence, image, and tourism product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism transport may lead to significant air emissions and congestion problems on road networks. This is particularly troublesome for nature-based tourism destinations, as they often are in rural areas with low transportation capacities and vulnerable nature. Tourism transport systems are poorly understood, especially multi-modal systems with land and sea dynamics. In this article, we propose a multi-modal transport model that integrates traffic both at land and sea generated by tourism. The model was built on data from an in-situ questionnaire and validated with traffic counts and video recordings for the Geiranger fjord UNESCO world heritage site in Norway. Following a parliament decision to eliminate emissions from sea traffic, four emission reduction scenarios were explored. Results show that cruise-generated tourist buses may significantly contribute to air emissions and the formation of road congestion and emphasize the necessity of having a holistic approach in analyzing consequences of emission reduction policies for tourism transport. The model may be used in transportation planning and policymaking to assess alternative pathways to sustainable tourism transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the travel spending behaviour of international tourists inside happier destinations. The empirical model is tested for 58 developed and developing countries. Applying various estimation methods and two different measures of nations' happiness, the results show that tourists spend more on travelling inside a destination where local people are happier. In addition, we find that foreign tourists' expenditures on travelling are higher in countries with a higher quality of travel infrastructure and larger numbers of World Heritage sites. Our results provide some implications for tourism planners and authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) / Huanan Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban) is the property of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academica Turistica is the property of University of Primorska, Faculty of Tourism Studies - Turistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When it was designated as a World Cultural Heritage (WCH) in 2012, there were 14 Subak organizations formed in Catur Angga Batukaru Area. However, it seems that only Subak Jatiluwih has the privilege to experience rapid development as a tourism destination. The other 13 Subak area in Catur Angga Batukaru has not been well developed. The beauty of their rice terraces, plantation fields, temples and rivers has not been appropriately exposed to the tourists. Further studies are required to investigate the potencies of 13 Subak areas in the Catur Angga Batukaru Area as tourism destinations. An adequate management model would properly assess the potencies of these areas and simultaneously enhance the farmers' well-being, improve the tourist satisfaction level and conserve the environment. The existence of the 13 Subak in Catur Angga Batukaru and its potencies should have developed through the agro-ecotourism-based management model. Hence, this study aimed to organize a Subak-based agroecotourism management model in the WCH of Catur Angga Batukaru. The study’s primary data were collected from farmers’ respondents through a direct survey using a questionnaire prepared prior to the data collection. In-depth interviews were also conducted to gather the study data. This study applied qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Findings revealed that the rest of the areas required to be properly built in the WCH of Catur Angga Batukaru Area. These areas would provide spaces to enjoy the beauty of the Subak terraces and the local plantation fields. Hiking tourism in this area has been developed by the Subak organizations and local travel agents under the surveillance of the local tourism departments. Several tourism supporting facilities such as restaurants and home stays also should have been managed by Subak or local investors. It would help the tourism sites to directly contribute to the well-being of the local community, especially the members of Subak. The future management of agro-ecotourism is also required to involve all Subak organizations in the area. A proper management model not only helps Subak to present themselves as the main subject of a tourism program but also makes them capable to experience the advantageous impacts of the agro-ecotourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNESCO World Heritage Sites are a useful tool to protect and promote the legacy human beings leave over the centuries. Ivrea, a 20th century industrial city, is the second Italian industrial site recorded in the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is a city in the North-West of Italy, historically known for the Olivetti factory, which made it world-famous by combining visionary ideals and a careful entrepreneurial policy. Our study focuses on the tourism value of the Ivrea UNESCO site and, in particular, aims at analyzing the level of integration of local stakeholders and their ability to identify guidelines for the promotion of the UNESCO site in terms of tourism. The research process was conducted with an in-depth analysis of the perception and consideration of public and private stakeholders concerning this topic. A questionnaire was prepared by a group of experts and individual interviews were conducted using the Delphi method; then, the results of the interviews were presented and the identification of priorities was carried out using the nominal group technique. Results show that the new UNESCO site in Ivrea has great potential, both in cultural terms, continuing the dissemination of Adriano Olivetti's ideals, and in terms of tourism, because it may turn into a tourist attraction capable of generating new tourist flows and promoting the Olivetti approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study complements the tourism literature by proposing an asymmetrical effect of the tourism-led growth hypothesis on the city-level economy using panel data from 331 cities in China from 2004 to 2015 (3,972 observations). The results, based on an augmented Solow model and the system-generalized method of moments (GMM), reveal that the impact of tourism on city-level economic growth is indeed asymmetric and heterogeneous, depending on the presence of top-level attractions (TL), which are proxied by the World Heritage Sites or AAAAA (5A) scenic spots. The dynamic panel threshold model's results also corroborate the asymmetric threshold effect of tourism on city-level economic growth. Tourism, in particular, has facilitated positive and significant economic growth in cities with TL but has had an uncertain and statistically insignificant impact on cities without it. The findings indicate that the validity of tourism-led growth depends on the availability and number of TL in each city, which serve as a moderator. As a result, we confirm tourism's asymmetric effect and spatial heterogeneity on urban economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Causeway Coast World Heritage Site (Northern Ireland) is subject to rockfalls occurring on the coastal cliffs, thus raising major safety concerns given the number of tourists visiting the site. However, such high tourist frequentation makes this site favorable to implement citizen science monitoring programs. Besides allowing for the collection of a larger volume of data, better distributed spatially and temporally, citizen science also increases citizens' awareness—in this case, about risks. Among citizen science approaches, Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry based on crowd-sourced photographs has the advantage of not requiring any particular expertise on the part of the operator who takes photos. Using a mock citizen survey for testing purposes, this study evaluated different methods relying on crowd-sourced photogrammetry to integrate surveys performed by citizens into a landslide monitoring program in Port Ganny (part of the touristic site of the Giant's Causeway). Among the processing scenarios that were tested, the Time-SIFT method allows the use of crowd-sourced data in a very satisfactory way in terms of reconstruction quality, with a standard deviation of 8.6 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Old City of Acre ('Akka) is home to a predominantly Palestinian community within the larger Israeli municipality of Acre. Bounded by late eighteenth and early nineteenth century land and sea walls, the Old City's dense mix of Ottoman and Crusader‐era architecture sits on a peninsula less than one square kilometer in area on the Mediterranean coast. In 2001, the World Heritage Committee designated the Old City as a UNESCO World Heritage site, intensifying the Israeli state project of developing the city as an international tourist attraction. This chapter examines contemporary interventions on the surfaces of the Old City by way of photographic surface survey. Documented surface interventions include residents' deposition of bread for animals to eat and fishermen to use as bait and surface adornments that reflect local aesthetic values. An archaeological analysis draws attention to an expansive repertoire of local care practices. Residents selectively appropriate the language and work of "heritage" to represent their own histories and serve their own aspirations against the grain of the state project, offering an alternative theorization of heritage that insists on maintaining 'Akka as at once a historic and livable space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the Community Nature-Based Tourism Development (CNBT) pattern using the Aksu-Zhabagly world heritage site (WHS) as a sample. The goal is to present a CNBT pattern suitable for Aksu-Zhabagly nature-based tourist areas, using a combination of field monitoring, expertise, assessment, and cross-country comparison of tourism patterns. The paper identifies strategic recommendations for the CNBT pattern for the Aksu-Zhabagly WHS by analyzing overseas triumphant CNBT patterns and comparing them with Kazakhstani patterns. The results concluded that the benefits of selected overseas CNBT patterns are job creation, distribution of tourism revenues for local growth, and maintenance of resources. At the same time, the higher quality of transportation infrastructure, frequent use of the mass media, priority local employment, and nature preservation are the main positive outcomes of Aksu-Zhabagly tourism. The pattern comparison results show that overseas patterns perform better than Aksu-Zhabagly in meeting the requirements (the highest authority, residents' involvement stage, benefit distribution, tourism marketing, staff trained program, and quality of services and tourist facilities) for the growth of sustainable tourism. Finally, the article suggests that economic growth, ecological maintenance, cultural heritage, marketing and image promotion, a attractive political environment and empowerment of the population are key to the effective implementation of sustainable growth of CNBT in the Aksu-Zhabagly tourist route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Turisticas is the property of Investigaciones Turisticas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The soundscape is an essential type of attraction in tourism destinations. Music can serve as a significant tourist attraction that makes people immersed in it. Similarly, while tourists linger in the leisure and recreation environment, they may have a flow experience of the soundscape in tourism attractions. Yet, there is little research about the relationship between tourists' perception of soundscape and flow experience. Taking Lijiang old town, a world heritage site, as an example, this study explored the dimensions of tourists' perception of soundscape and soundscape flow experience and examined the influence of soundscape perception on soundscape flow experience. The results indicate that soundscape perception includes three dimensions: preference, comfort, and richness. The flow experience of soundscape is a second-order construct in this research, which contains four dimensions: time distortion, control, enjoyment, and concentration. Besides, preference and richness positively influence flow experience, and flow experience contributes to behavioural intention, whereas comfort does not significantly affect flow experience. This study applied flow theory to soundscape research, which enriches the study of soundscape experience. This study has also provided management strategies for tourism destinations to improve the quality of the soundscape experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethiopia is the home of many tourist sites. Among these is Lalibela, one of the most famous and most visited World Heritage Sites. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry was severely affected. Thus, the main objective of the study is to investigate the impacts and solutions for the prevalence of COVID-19 at the holy land of Lalibela, the World Heritage Site. The study followed descriptive research design. The target population of the study were the local communities, religious fathers, local tourist guides, culture and tourism experts and hotel workers. The research was conducted through non-probability sampling techniques. Convenience sampling and purposive sampling methods were used. The results illustrate that economic impacts, social impacts and psychological impacts were major issues that COVID-19 has caused for the Holy Land of Lalibela, the World Heritage Site. As per the findings, mechanisms to overcome the effects of COVID-19 on the community and the tourism sector include promotion, giving attention to sustainable follow up, developing new products, facing the challenges of seasonality and applying the rules and regulations approved by the World Health Organization. Thus, the tourism and hospitality stakeholders in the area need to strongly integrate and give attention to minimise the effect of COVID-19 on the tourism industry at Lalibela. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The willingness to pay for sustainable tourism products and services has been widely discussed in the scientific literature. However, change in the willingness to pay over time has rarely been analysed. Such studies are important for understanding the impact that the increasing debate on sustainability, including environmental, economic, and social aspects, may have had on the willingness of tourists to pay more in order to ensure the sustainability of destinations. The aim of this article is to assess how the willingness of tourists to pay for sustainable tourism services has developed in the Spanish city of Cáceres, declared a World Heritage Site in 1986. Data from surveys conducted in 2012 and 2016 were used for this purpose. Logistic regression was applied to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics of tourists who visit the city influenced their willingness to pay in each year. A Chow test was applied to elucidate whether the differences between the years were statistically significant. The results obtained indicate that only the level of education determined willingness to pay, while origin, gender and age showed no effect. No significant change in the willingness to pay for sustainability was found among tourists in Cáceres between 2012 and 2016. These findings indicate that the willingness to pay for more sustainable tourism services did not increase during the period studied. We propose some measures such as a 'municipal observatory of sustainable tourism' in order to increase willingness to pay in this type of destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is a driving force of the economy for many countries around the world. The large number of architectural and intangible World Heritage Sites have consolidated those countries in their strong positions as cultural tourism destinations. Within cultural tourism, religious tourism is particularly prominent. This work focuses on Spain and specifically on some of its regions which lack beaches but possess a wealth of religious cultural heritage, such as Castile and León, which have viewed such heritage as an asset to attract a different kind of tourist. The objectives of this study are to highlight the value of religious heritage as a tourist attraction, analyse the potential of religious heritage for religious and non-religious tourism, and observe religious tourism as an asset in depressed areas. The criterion that governs the study is to determine the profile of these tourists and their relationship with the destination. Methodologically, this work is an analysis, assessment and reflection of different processes, practices and events from a social anthropology perspective. The results identify a type of tourist more aware of sustainability and more respectful of the environment and culture, and therefore, more in tune with religion and religious heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to find out the perception of foreign tourists towards the Subak Cultural Lanscape as the UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. Analysis of destination image can assist related parties in developing the destination according to its image and characteristics. Destination Image is a topic that has been extensively investigated in the field of tourism marketing, it is the overall impression obtained by individuals from a particular tourist destination. This overall impression is obtained from the perception of visitors related to the quality of the tourist attractions. Descriptive statistics is used to gather the information of the foreign tourists perception about the destination image. It can be seen that tourists feel that they do not get the interesting cultural activities offered by the organizers, even though this destination sells its big name as a cultural landscape that is recognized by UNESCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ciletuh-Pelabuhanratu National Park area has been designated as a geopark area since 2015 by the Central Government and three years later, in 2018, it was designated as a Global Geopark Network by UNESCO. Since being designated as a geopark area, this area has been increasing a lot, especially in the tourism sector with the recorded number of tourists being 14,723,559 visitors in 2019-2020. The purpose of this report is to analyze the various regulations used in the management and development of the UNESCO Global Geopark area and their application through a study of the Attractions, Accessibility, and Amenities (3A) components of tourism. The results of this study state that the implementation of the policy for the development of tourism areas in Ciletuh Bay has not run optimally, marked by difficult accessibility also inadequate facilities and infrastructure. So, it requires cooperation from various parties, including the government, the private sector, and the surrounding community in the form of active participation and investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hoi An city is a dynamic tourism city in Vietnam which had received the certificate of World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The boom in tourism activities led to problems for the solid waste management system. Solid waste collection activities account for the largest proportion of expenses on solid waste management. Optimization of the present solid waste collection system of Hoi An city is an urgent mission. This research is an effort to describe the current solid waste collection system of Hoi An city with the support of GIS and GPS. The results denoted Thursday, Friday, and Saturday accounted for the most enormous workload with 36, 34, and 40 trips. The total working time for these days were 103.86, 96.12, and 109.6 h while the total traveled distances were 733.76, 719.21, and 848.12 km. The complexity of solid waste collection routes, frequencies of solid waste collection, and coverage of solid waste collection activities decreased from urban areas to rural areas. Collection of waste accounted for the largest amount of time in solid waste collection activities. The low rate of waste separation at source, illegal solid waste collection, extreme weather, misbehaviours of drivers and workers, as well as the limitation in waste treatment facilities were the problems and challenges of the solid waste collection system in Hoi An city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction-the perception of tourists is a crucial way to reflect the quality of infrastructure in the World Heritage Sites (WHSs), which would be continually developed to remain the tourism demand and to sustain the WHSs themselves. Aims-the research aims to study the perceptions of foreign tourists pertaining to the infrastructure in the World Heritage Historic Town of Sukhothai, Thailand. Method-this empirical qualitative research uses the structural interview form as a research tool for face-to-face interviews with 41 foreign tourists using purposive sampling. Results and interpretation-the findings show that the access and ease of walkways were the key infrastructure issue that was unpopular amongst tourists; and others crucial factors were unfolded. Tourists from different demographics contributed to the same perceptions, thus indicating a critical issue for the development of this tourist destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the profiles of the different segments of tourists who visit the destination of Cuenca, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999. Methodologically, a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope was used through surveys with systematic random sampling. Several questions were analyzed divided into four groups: demographic characteristics, travel characteristics, aspects related to the service or product, and the evaluation of the satisfaction of the tourist offer. In order to evaluate the factors that motivated the visit, the preferred activities, and the level of general satisfaction and attributes of the destination, linguistic terms associated with sets of neutrosophic values were used, with which subjectivity and the indeterminacy of the answers could be managed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bath Abbey is the largest and arguably the most significant building in the World Heritage City of Bath, recognised by UNESCO as a site of international importance. The Footprint Project sought to prepare the Abbey and its associated buildings for the next century of occupation, to ensure that the fabric of the Abbey is properly looked after and appreciated, as well as providing the kind of facilities that a contemporary church and visitor attraction requires. The Footprint Project not only repaired a failing floor but has taken the opportunity to document and research the carved gravestones that made up the floor, record the archaeology beneath the stones and install an innovative sustainable heating system to provide comfort to parishioners. New spaces have been created in the adjacent buildings that will serve the Abbey and those who work in it, repairing the Georgian buildings, but also creating unexpected spaces within them for learning, administration and for the 60-strong Abbey choir. Over ten years in development, and now close to completion, the Footprint Project has tackled major historic damage to the Abbey floor, while also creating a range of new facilities. This paper discusses the Footprint Project, during which the Abbey sought to put its buildings in a condition that will enable them to serve the mission of the church for the next 100 years. It analyses how the removal of the nave pews at Bath Abbey and the repair of its historic floor enhances the significance of the Grade I Listed Building and the outstanding universal value of the city of Bath World Heritage Site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

World Heritage Sites (WHS) represent the most important natural and cultural heritage places in the world, which are also the most popular tourism destinations. This study focuses on the dynamic relationship between sustainable development and heritage tourism in the context of WHS, with special attention to the sustainable tourism development strategies and practices of the mixed WHS - Mt. Huangshan in the developing country, China. This study finds that there exists a conflict between WHS sustainable development and heritage tourism development. Seven themes related to sustainable tourism development practices and strategies of Mt. Huangshan were found based on the content analysis, which also reflect the sustainable development principles in terms of environmental sustainability, inclusive social development, and economic development. Future research agendas, for example, the value-based management approach and stakeholders coordination are also proposed. This study contributes to the existing knowledge in both theory and practice of sustainable tourism development of WHS, especially in developing country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National parks with marine reserves have great potential for coastal and marine tourism. In this regard, the Galapagos archipelago is an important coastal and marine destination in Ecuador declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The objective of this empirical study was to analyze demand segmentation considering tourists' motivations in this destination. The research was carried out in situ, and multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze the 407 questionnaires collected. The results show six motivational factors: learning, heritage and nature, sun and beach, sports, authentic coastal experience, novelty, and social interaction. Two different segments of visitors have also been found. The first group, called 'Multiple Motives,' is formed by tourists with high motivation in all the motivational variables that include sun and beach. The second group, called 'Eco-coastal,' is made up of tourists who have a great motivation to experience marine life and national parks, discovering new things they are not used to, and for knowing their flora and fauna. From these findings, useful recommendations emerge for service providers and institutions related to the tourist offer in this kind of coastal and marine destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aim to understand the influence of internationalization of the complex social relationships established in the territory and the strategies practiced for development. Bairrada was chosen as the locus of observation, which is one of the Wine Routes of Portugal. For this research, the theoretical-methodological approach was centered on territorial development, considering the endogenous and exogenous typology of actors and agents, the types of actions, the circulation and communication networks, the philosophy of intervention of actions, the space/time relation in the territorialities and developmental relationships. To deepen this analysis and to propose more dynamic developmental strategies it was used the Swot/Tows methodology. The results indicate that the Bairrada territory has shown a positive development, leading to a desirable (normative) and more dynamic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in cultural tourism has focused on the importance of heritage management and, in particular, the World Heritage Site (WHS) brand. In Coimbra it had a significant contribution to the increase in tourist flow, not only in the University High, but also in the historical urban center. It is precisely in this territory of the city that the performance of the interpreter guide is mostly felt by the requests to which it is subject. Giving importance to the place and with the host community, the role of the guide is highlighted as facilitator of the understanding of the tourist space, cultural mediator and interpreter of the cultural landscape, contributing to the "look" of the tourist. Based on these assumptions, it was considered essential to assess what strategic role the guide activity could play in the development of tourism supply, the enhancement and preservation of heritage. In the performance of its functions the guide is responsible, professionally and ethically, for the preservation, valorization and promotion of the attractions and heritages of the destination. In the present case, the Historical Center of Coimbra/University of Coimbra is the geographical territory under analysis, and it is also proposed to contribute to a reflection on the importance of defining strategies and/or proposals for action that promote the Cultural Heritage of this place, integrated in the tourist destination Coimbra, as main attraction, with the guide interpreter as a vehicle of decisive communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mt Etna has made headlines over the last weeks and months with spectacular eruptions, some of them highly explosive. This type of paroxysmal eruptive behaviour is characteristic of Etna's activity over the past few decades and so it is no surprise that Etna is among the most active volcanoes worldwide. Etna is well‐known for its extraordinary geology and due to its repeated eruptive activity it provides a continuous supply of new scientific opportunities to understand the inner workings of large basaltic volcanic systems. In addition to its scientific value, Etna is also a world famous tourist attraction and has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2013 for its geological and cultural value and not least for its fine agricultural products. Etna's status as an iconic volcano is not a recent phenomenon; in fact, Etna has been a literary fixture for at least 3000 years, giving rise to many ancient myths and legends that mark it as a special place, deserving of human respect. From the ancient eruptions to the latest events in February–April 2021, people try to explain and understand the processes that occur within and beneath the volcano. In this article, we briefly summarize the recent eruptive activity of Etna as well as the ancient myths and legends that surround this volcano, from the underground forge of Hephaestus to the adventures of Odysseus, all the way to the benefits and dangers the volcano provides to those living on its flanks today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is shortcoming in studying tourist destination loyalty without considering the types of tourists and heritage destinations simultaneously. Hence the present study intends to understand the type of positioning to be employed across hedonic vs utilitarian destinations so that overall destination loyalty can be enhanced. To attain the above objective data was collected from 836 tourists across two UNESCO world heritage sites. Survey data was collected and was analyzed using quantitative technique like SEM and CFA. The findings suggest that, (i) heritage destination perceived as hedonic (or utilitarian) still has the potential to offer utilitarian (or hedonic) benefits. Perception of destination image in case of familiar destination can change through positioning. However, utilitarian positioning of any destination type fails to leverage the overall image, emotional bonding and loyalty. The present study is one of its kind to explore how positioning can change brand image and improve destination loyalty. Practical implications are provided for Heritage destination marketer and managements for managing and positioning of the heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents one of the first economic analyses of residents' choice of different coastal erosion control measures in a developing country — Vietnam. Hoi An, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was selected given the frequency of coastal erosion events which have caused increasing damages to property, tourism activities and the livelihood of local people in an iconic tourist destination. We designed a discrete choice experiment based on responses from 399 households in order to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for differing coastal erosion control measures. Using the generalized multinomial logit model, empirical results yield five important findings. First, residents prefer wider, more public beaches having both trees and restaurants and are willing to accept visible structures such as groynes and stair revetment to prevent further erosion. Second, residents place a higher value on a beach that is protected by robust permanent structures. In particular, residents have the highest WTP for groynes. Third, there exists preference and scale heterogeneity across respondents which are driven by level of education, knowledge of the problem, and the stated level of choice certainty. Fourth, knowledge and experience of coastal erosion are shown to have a strong influence on the valuation residents place on the choice of protective structures. Finally, on average, a resident is willing to pay USD 1.7 per year for a coastal erosion management program that increases beach width by additional 50 meters, beach access by additional 25%, restaurants and trees on the beach and groynes as the erosion protection structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is the analysis of the emotional perception and cultural interest of tourists in terms of the artistic and monumental heritage that they visit. Specifically, this research study is focused on the analysis of a World Heritage Site, the Historic City of Sucre (Bolivia). Visitors have been segmented according to their perception of the heritage and their cultural interest, resulting in four types of tourists being identified: alternative tourist, cultural tourist, emotional tourist, and heritage tourist. The conclusions show the need to develop knowledge of World Heritage Sites among tourists, as a greater emotional perception and cultural interest lead to a higher level of satisfaction with the tourist experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In postmodern society the importance of traditional religious organisations and practices have declined. As a result, spirituality tends to be sought outside of institutionalised religion. Tourism is seen as one avenue for such spiritual fulfilment. Tourism research commonly frames tourism as a sacred journey and has pointed out that like modern-day pilgrims, tourists seek spirituality through travel. Of course, not all tourist travel is motivated by a search for spirituality, and yet many tourists still describe their travel experiences as spiritual. Therefore, in addition to understanding motivations of travel, the tourist experience is also an important element of making tourism a sacred journey. Is spiritual motivation a necessary prerequisite for a tourist to have a spiritual experience? What other site-specific elements might enable spiritual experiences of tourists, even if they are not motivated by a search for spirituality? Such questions have not been sufficiently explored. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between visitor motivation and spiritual experience at an influential religious sacred site in rural Japan; the Shingon Esoteric Buddhism headquarters in the town of Koyasan in Wakayama Prefecture. Since becoming registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004, Koyasan has rapidly become an internationally renowned spiritual tourism destination. This paper presents the result of a questionnaire survey of both religious tourists and tourists to Koyasan. The findings indicate spiritual motivation is not a prerequisite for spiritual experience and shows how tourists' spiritual experiences are affected by the atmosphere of place, people and activities that comprise the temple stay setting in Koyasan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port Arthur Historic Site is a World Heritage Property in Tasmania, Australia. Inscribed as one of a suite of sites for the role it played in the British-Australian system of convict transportation, management and reform, it is today a major tourist attraction. Like most tourism destinations of the twenty-first century, image capture has become an integral component of visitor experience. Although at first it would seem that Port Arthur oozes images, there are particular locations, themes and views that reverberate through time and space. Reflecting on the theme of repetition, this visual essay seeks to elucidate how the paradox at the heart of Port Arthur's representation might be used as a creative force or channel for the construction of new kinds of landscape encounter. Using a process of digital photomontage/collage, the essay explores the proposition that creative practice may play a role in activating and re-presenting heritage landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivations to visit archaeological tourism destinations vary, ranging from history enthusiast, leisure lover, adventurer to conservationist. However, not all archaeological sites are able to capture the tourists' attention since there are many other famous archaeological sites competing against one another. Thus, developing a strong and unique brand identity for a destination is significantly important in order to be distinctive from other destinations. Hence, this present study aims to examine the dimensions of brand personality of archaeological sites in Malaysia and to evaluate its prediction on tourists' revisit intention. This study employs exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression to analyze the data collected from Bujang Valley (305) and Lenggong Valley World Heritage Site (300). Findings indicate that tourists ascribe different personality dimensions to these archaeological sites. The brand personality of Bujang Valley is translated to sophistication, sincerity, contemporary, ruggedness, and excitement, while the brand personality of Lenggong Valley World Heritage Site is translated to excitement, contemporary, sophistication, ruggedness, and sincerity. The results from this present study further enriches the tourism literature and provides noteworthy solutions for destination marketing organizations in utilizing brand personality to build a unique identity for these archaeological sites in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]