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• The long waves of Kondratiev and Schumpeter have been absent from the current debate on declining business dynamism. • Based on extensive microeconomic data from 1986 to 2018, the study examines how the ICT revolution has influenced business dynamism. • There are two structural breaks in industrial dynamics in Portugal: an upswing in 1993 and a downturn in 2003. • Counterfactual estimates show that entry and survival become more stringent in the mature stage of a technological revolution, thereby reducing entrepreneurship's long-term disruptive potential. Following Schumpeter, several scholars have shown that development follows long-term waves. These waves are prompted by radical innovations, which, until their full potential is exhausted, spread through incremental innovations and continuous learning and imitation processes. However, the discontinuity of technological progress often goes unnoticed in current debates on productivity slowdown, declining business dynamism and increasing market concentration. Our study, based on extensive microeconomic data from 1986 to 2018, examines how the ICT revolution has influenced business dynamism in Portugal. The Bai–Perron estimates show two structural breaks in industrial dynamics: an upswing in 1993 and a downturn in 2003. Our research also shows that during the late 20th century creative destruction was mainly driven by the expanding ICT sector. After 2003, however, firm dynamics became less turbulent, with less entry and job reallocation. Moreover, despite the increasing performance of a typical high-growth young firm, the incidence of startups has declined in the new century. Our results, therefore, suggest that reduced entry and increased exit risk have likely undermined the long-term disruptive potential of transformative entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and technological revolutions have given rise to a new generation of general-purpose intelligent manufacturing technology represented by industrial robots, which have become the emerging growth engine in many countries worldwide, leading to significant improvements in productivity and innovation. However, it remains unclear whether the industrial robot adoption can help address the increasingly severe environmental issues. This study investigates the impact of imported industrial robots on the pollutant emission intensity of Chinese manufacturing enterprises using micro panel data from 1998 to 2013. Our findings suggest that the industrial robot adoption leads to a significant reduction in SO 2 emission intensity at the enterprise level. These results remain robust even after conducting various robustness checks, addressing endogeneity concerns and adjusting matching strategies. Furthermore, our investigation reveals three channels through which robot adoption reduces SO 2 emission intensity: technological progress spillover, clean energy transition, and improvement in end-of-pipe treatment. By providing micro-level evidence on the environmental impacts of industrial robots, this study contributes to our understanding of the positive environmental externality associated with the diffusion of imported intelligent technology across nations and offers valuable insights for the sustainable development of emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, we are already using several-component devices and systems based on the technologies developed during the first quantum revolution. Examples include microchips for servers, laptops and smartphones, medical imaging devices, LED, lasers, etc. Now, a second quantum revolution is progressing fast, exploiting technological advances for the ability to engineer and manipulate other quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement and measurement. As a matter of fact, there is an impressive increase in research and development activities, innovation, public and private investments in a new wave of quantum services and applications. In this scenario, quantum information and communication technologies (QICTs) can be defined as a set of technological components, devices, systems and methods for elaborating, storing and transmitting/sharing quantum information. This paper addresses the challenges and opportunities enabling the rise of QICTs. In order to provide a concrete example, the paper describes an overview of the European project EQUO (European Quantum ecOsystems) dealing with ongoing innovation activities in the QICT avenue; in fact, EQUO aims at developing and demonstrating the feasibility of QKD (quantum key distribution) networks and their related integration in current telecommunications infrastructures towards the quantum internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administrative Sciences / Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Terzioglu Kampusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of modern scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the development of digital finance is conducive to improving the ecological environment and the energy total factor productivity (TFP). In this paper, DEA cross-efficiency model is used to measure the energy TFP, and moment estimation method is used to empirically test the influence and heterogeneity of digital finance on energy TFP, and then the intermediary model is constructed to study and analyze the influence mechanism based on the sample data of 30 provinces in the Chinese Mainland from 2011 to 2018. The following research findings are obtained. First, the development of digital finance has played a significant role in improving energy TFP. Second, spatial heterogeneity exists in the process of digital finance affecting energy TFP improvement, that is, digital finance has a more obvious improvement effect on the energy TFP in central and western China than in eastern China. Third, digital finance can affect energy TFP through technological innovation; that is, the improvement of regional technological innovation is an important transmission mechanism for digital finance to affect energy TFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the last century and a half, U.S. industry has seen the emergence of several different management models. We propose a theory of this evolution based on three nested and interacting processes. First, we identify several successive waves of technological revolution, each of which prompted a corresponding wave of change in the dominant organizational paradigm. Second, nested within these waves, each of these organizational paradigms emerged through two successive cycles—a primary cycle that generated a new management model making the prior organizational paradigm obsolete, and a secondary cycle that generated another model that mitigated the dysfunctions of the primary cycle’s model. Third, nested within each cycle is a problem-solving process in which each model’s development passed through four main phases: (1) identification of a widespread organizational and management problem, (2) creation of innovative managerial concepts that offer various solutions to this problem, (3) emergence and theorization of a new model from among these concepts, and (4) dissemination and diffusion of this model. By linking new models’ emergence to specific technological revolutions, we can explain changes in their contents. By integrating a dialectical account of the paired cycles with an account of the waves of paradigm change, we can see how apparently competing models are better understood as complementary pairs in a common paradigm. And by unpacking each model’s phases of development, we can identify the roles played by various actors and management concepts in driving change in the models’ contents and see the agency behind these structural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to explore how technology affects the way we understand and practise love, against the background of the theme of the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches, "Christ's love moves the world to reconciliation and unity." The article argues that we need a deeper, theologically informed interdisciplinary engagement about new understandings of technology and how technology might contribute to human flourishing. It concludes that dialogue between theology, ethics, and technology is crucial to prevent the negative effects of the digital‐technological revolution on how we love and relate to one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of man there have been numerous and significant changes in the methods and technologies used to move people and things. Both of them followed the distributive needs and economies of their time but have, very often, also generated or at least contributed to the social and economic evolution of human communities. The analysis proposed in this article is based on the hypothesis that transport system innovations occur with different speeds and impacts at different historical moments. We propose a reading of the history of transport innovations according to the categories of revolution and evolution. This article proposes six transport revolutions that occurred in the history of humanity, followed by evolutionary phases, even very long and often still operating. In a future work, these results will be applied to the multiple and coeval strands of technological innovation in progress and to the emergence of a possible seventh revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aims to investigate the processes of deconstruction of the institution of the welfare state under the influence of such new challenges as economic globalization and technological revolution. The study is based on the methodological tools of neo-institutionalism. Principal exogenous and endogenous reasons for the crisis of the welfare state institution are determined. Economic globalization and technological progress are designated as decisive factors conditioning the deconstruction of the welfare state. It is stated that irrespective of the welfare state model, nowadays they all are reformed towards the activation of a working-age person and the establishment of the state of social investments. Currently the configuration of the welfare state is specified by its commitment to stimulating competition and developing the self-initiative of citizens in terms of ensuring their own prosperity. It is highlighted that economic globalization and technological progress should not be considered exclusively from the standpoint of risks for the welfare state. These two factors are identified as stimuli for further evolution of the welfare state institution for the sake of its moving out of prolonged stagnation and preserving itself as a political institution, albeit in the upgraded model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of bioprinting technology creates serious challenges for the legal system, which is lagging behind scientific and technological progress in its development. Lawmakers and the judiciary will soon be forced to answer the questions posed by the new technological revolution. The main area of legal regulation is that bioprinting will have a serious impact on is tort liability, since the use of this technology will be associated with harm to the health of patients. There is a question about rules to follow when compensating for harm to the patient. The article considers various models of liability for harm to the patient caused by the use of bioprinting technologies. The article concludes that the patient's voluntary informed consent to treatment using bioprinting technologies can be qualified as the patient's acceptance of the risk of possible adverse consequences that are beyond the control of the medical organization. Such consent may be qualified as a circumstance that is the basis for releasing a hospital from liability for harm caused to a patient when using bioprinting technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on South Africa is predicated upon policies are effective or ineffective is not primarily an issue and realities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have proven to be shaping strategic policies various spheres of national life. Topics include the strategic recommendations of the South African Presidential Panel of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the revolution is very nature a violent process, and the revolutions are an existential struggle between protagonists of history.

In neoclassical economic theory, the dynamics of development is mainly described by the Solow production function (Solow model), which determines the growth of the aggregate income of a country or an individual company depending on the main economic factors, such as physical capital, labor, and technological progress, driven by technological revolutions. In the upcoming digital economy, the key role will be played by technological information, which includes the knowledge and know-how needed to create high-quality goods and services that meet individual preferences, rather than mass demand, as before. It follows that the most appropriate mathematical model for describing the economic dynamics in the digital age is the half-forgotten Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model with optimization of the consumer behavior of a representative household. This paper shows that this model implies the need to ensure the exponential growth of technological information in order for the economy to move along an optimum development trajectory. The main advantage of the Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model is the transformation of practically significant economic development tasks into the problem of optimizing the corresponding Lagrangian or Hamiltonian, with each Lagrangian (Hamiltonian) generating a certain mode of production of technological information. Thus, it is through the Lagrangian (Hamiltonian) that the functional connection between economic growth and the dynamics of the production of technological information is established. For the first time, a formula has been obtained that links the pace of technological progress with the pace of production of technological information and can be the basis for developing an information model of economic dynamics. Examples of real modes of production of technological information used to calculate the trajectories of technological progress in the information–digital era are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper explores the determinants of the development of the new energy vehicles (NEVs) industry in China, which is important to the government in controlling the environmental pollution associated with the urbanization process. Urban governance policies have played an important role in promoting the sustainable development of cities. In this study, we investigate the dynamic effects of such policies and of financial support on the relationship between firm size and efficiency in the NEVs industry. These policies include subsidies from state and local governments during the production and promotion of NEVs. The sample includes an unbalanced panel data set of 148 firms closely related to the automobile industry in the Zhongguancun Science Park from 2005 to 2015. A data envelopment analysis model and a random effects model are used to test the hypotheses, and the results show that both government policies and financial support are beneficial in increasing the efficiency of large NEVs firms. However, small firms cannot benefit from these policies. To promote the technological progress of the NEVs industry, it is highly important to provide further government support for the small NEVs firms that play a leading role in the development of emerging technologies. Only in this way can the government create a healthy market environment for the future of NEVs industry, and reduce the pollution in urban areas. Graphical abstract Image 1011 Highlights • This study focuses on the asymmetric effects of environmental governance policies. • Policies have different impacts on efficiency of NEV firms with different size. • Small firms can benefit from neither government policy nor financial support. • The sample includes an unbalanced panel data of 148 NEVs firms from 2005 to 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is at the dawn of a new industrial revolution that will fundamentally change the way we live and work. Many consider this the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). While the First Industrial Revolution (1IR) mechanized production using water and steam power, the second one brought mass production using electric power, and the third one was characterized by automation and digitization, mainly using electronics and information technology. The 4IR is building upon the third one, but the difference, and its main contribution, is the fusion of technologies that are blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological worlds. This is further enhanced by the emerging progress of technology in fields such as quantum computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics, virtual assistants, the Internet of Things, self-driving cars, drones, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, traffic and security monitoring systems, and renewable energy. This paper examines the potential impact of the emerging 4IR on grey literature (GL) and is based on analysis of the most prevalent current trends and developments in "cyber-physical systems" that connect machines, computers and people. It will examine the need to rethink the definition of GL, its creation and publication types, processing, sustainability and usability. Given the magnitude of the potential impact of the 4IR on GL, the question is what challenges the 4IR will pose to GL managers. One could assume that the acquisition of new knowledge and skills, and the revamping of existing processes and methods will be necessary. Becoming aware of this new phenomenon is only the beginning. It needs to be followed up by professional development and adequate training. Finally, the job of GL professionals will be to promote and publicize the usefulness and importance of GL, not only in their daily work, but also in research and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the social consequences of the unprecedented rate of technological change in the U.S. The author argues that technological progress may bring some undesirable consequences, including unemployment, excessive leisure and changes in social or moral standards. He suggests that the legal system in the country should impose effective social control over new technologies before they inflict substantial injury upon society. Courts and legislatures should identify new problems and create adequate rules to protect society against new technological hazards.

The article discusses on the significance of scientific research and technological inventions in promoting economic development in countries in Latin America. Business leaders and diplomats recognize the role of science as an essential force in technology, thus the establishment of organizations for coordination of scientific research which include the National Research Council. An example of the growth of science is seen in Brazil wherein research institutes in biology and experimental medicine were developed to solve the epidemics of plague and yellow fever in the country. Industrialization in Brazil started in 1949, wherein funding for scientific research was promoted to aid scientists to concentrate on specific jobs for research development.

The article reports on issues and topics related to scientific revolution. Science is the first common enterprise of humanity. It may have begun separately in different civilizations and some ended in when they were extinguished by conquest or epidemic. However, in modern civilization, science has spread to every corner on the globe. Science originally sprouted from Western Europe, but there is probably no country in the world which does not participate, to some degree, in the advancement of science.

The article focuses on the interplay between the world of politics and physics research and study. The birth of modern science itself at the close of the Middle Ages was a revolution of thinking. The rule of scholasticism which relied on authority, in particular on the philosophy of Aristotle, was replaced by independent thinking and experimenting. Physicists in several instances have saved their science from difficult, sometimes seemingly unsolvable crises, by their ability to reverse their thinking. On the other hand, the world of politics is in such a crisis. And although the questions concerned differ completely from those in physics, it should be worth while to examine the methods of thinking of this science.

The application of divergent local practices in a shared bibliographic database can result in unexpected display issues that adversely affect user experience. This is especially problematic when merging databases from multiple institutions accustomed to adopting local practices for their own constituents. The authors describe their experience with the application of automation tools, such as MarcEdit, Excel, and Python, during a large-scale remediation project. They used these tools to analyze, compare, and batch process bibliographic records to remediate obsolete and redundant series data in their shared bibliographic database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to present the methodological basis and an example of factor analysis supporting STEEPVL analysis in the identification of driving forces of technology development in foresight studies. The proposed approach allows for the identification of a limited number of the most significant driving forces of technology development. The practical implications of the methodological considerations are presented in the paper in a form of a case study describing the combination of STEEPVL and factor analysis in the project entitled “Technological Foresight «NT FOR Podlaskie 2020». Regional Strategy of Nanotechnology Development”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's insight about man's personality and reflects on the role of science and youth in creating a better world government. The author explains the duality of world structure, that in a complex society, individuals join to form groups to create institutions which fulfill social needs, but at a span of time, the organization will no longer serve the common interest. This duality is said to be responsible for the repetitive pattern of history which shows that society filled with much revolution. The author hopes that the youth, when time comes for them to govern, will create a new world constitution and that science will be used to solve problems in life.

The article describes the historical development of science in Japan. Since then, Japanese history shows several ebbs and flows, but the arts, particularly painting and industrial arts, possessed a high standard, and influenced strongly occidental arts in some periods. Science is the youngest of human cultural achievement, and its propagation from its source of origin in the West to the distant East took time. Japan had her doors closed to Western civilization during the most important period, when the seeds of science were germinating in the soil of the Occident.

Major technological innovations are not sufficient to enable socio-economic progress without governments creating the institutional framework – in particular via education, welfare and training programs - required for the absorption of the new technical possibilities these innovations create. To support this claim, we provide a comparative historical view of how four different countries tackled the challenge of adapting to three successive technological revolutions, with varying degrees of success. We look at the relationship between the welfare, education and training policies implemented by the governments of the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States, and Sweden and their socio-economic results. The historical period studied spans from 1830 to 1970. This, according to the neo-Schumpeterian view we follow, covers the second, third and fourth technological revolutions, namely, the Age of Iron, Coal, and Railways, the Age of Steel and Heavy Engineering, and the Age of the Automobile and Mass Production; the current Age of Information and Telecommunications being the fifth. • The duration and success of each technological revolution highly depends on governments' attitude towards reskilling. • Techno-economic paradigms lead to social change only insofar governments proactively guarantee welfare. • The UK failed to institutionalise technical education in favour of scientific professions since the Age of Engineering. • The US and Germany provided education tailored to industrial needs since the 2nd Technological Revolution. • Characteristics of the current Age Information and Telecommunications are to be found in previous technological revolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the relationship between per capita income and three air pollutants, CO, NMVOCs, and SOx, using a novel dataset based on the 20 regions of Italy. Given the central role of technological progress in long-term environmental problems, we empirically investigate the influence of innovation on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The estimation results validate the existence of an EKC for the three air pollutants considered. Furthermore, the influence of innovation on the inverse-U-shaped curve identified by the theoretical literature is in general empirically confirmed. Finally, the same conclusions also hold when using another dataset related to the aggregate national economy rather than separate regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying and implementing information technology (IT), organizations and companies increase their competency to perform their duties easily and well. This makes them able to develop their performing method. Advantages which IT provides in organizations such as cost savings, preventing human errors, improving efficiency and organizational effectiveness are remarkable. As a result today, per capita cost of IT for one human force arises as one of indicators of national development of countries. IT causes cost reduction because of more accessibility of information, processing and recovering. In the current decade information technology in addition to automating offices plays a significant role in reducing various costs of quality (Montgomery costs). Furthermore in this paper, the effect of information technology on management of quality costs in increasing effectiveness and efficiency of organizations and companies were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We construct two innovative series of knowledge indices, one representing the historical evolution of the flow of Ideas, the other one giving a measure of research productivity. • Three different geographical regions are covered: 1) continental Europe, 2) the United Kingdom, and 3) the United States; and two disciplines: a) the physical sciences, and b) the life sciences. • Starting in 1750, our indices reveal waves coinciding with the three industrial and technological revolutions, in particular in the United Kingdom. • Our main result is that scientific knowledge has been in clear decline since the early 1970s for the flow of ideas and since the early 1950s for the research Productivity, in the geographical regions and scientific disciplines covered by the indices. It is widely held true that fundamental scientific knowledge has been accelerating exponentially over the past centuries and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Moreover, endogenous growth theory postulates that this exponential accumulation of knowledge is the main source of the ubiquitous exponential economic growth. We test these claims by constructing two new series of knowledge indices, one representing the historical evolution of the Flow of Ideas, the other one giving a measure of Research Productivity, by combining Krebs (2008)s' Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles and Asimov (1989)'s Chronology of Science and Discovery. Three different geographical regions are covered: 1) Continental Europe, 2) the United Kingdom, and 3) the United States; and two disciplines: a) the physical sciences, and b) the life sciences. Starting in 1750, our indices reveal waves coinciding with the three industrial and technological revolutions, in particular in the United Kingdom. Our main result is that scientific knowledge has been in clear decline since the early 1970s for the Flow of Ideas and since the early 1950s for the Research Productivity, in the geographical regions and scientific disciplines covered by the indices. The decline is observed until the end of the dataset constructed by combining both Krebs' encyclopaedia and Asimov's Chronology, that is 1988. Using only Krebs (2008)s' Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles, valid until 2007, the decline is further confirmed for the Research Productivity until 2007. Given the strong downward trends that we document up to 1988 for the combined dataset and which is also prominent in the Encyclopaedia of Scientific Principles until 2007, there is no visible sign of an inflection that would signal the initiation of a reversal. Overall, our results support the Kuhnian theory of knowledge creation through scientific revolutions, punctuation and paradigm shifts and falsify the gradualism that lies at the basis of the currently prevailing economic paradigm of endogenous growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology explosion induced by information explosion will eventually change artifacts into intelligent autonomous agents consisting of surrogates and mediators from which humans can receive services without special training. Four potential problems might arise as a result of the paradigm shift: technology abuse, responsibility flaw, moral in crisis, and overdependence on artifacts. Although the first and second might be resolved in principle by introduction of public mediators, the rest seems beyond technical solution. Under the circumstances, a reasonable goal might be to create a mutual dependency between empathy and technology: Using technology to help people cultivate empathy among people, so empathy in the society may allow people to help each other to recover from disasters beyond the scope of the assumption underlying the society of mediators. I highlight an immersive collaborative interaction environment for helping people share first-person view and its application to building empathic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We live in an ever more competitive, globalized world, in continuous technological evolution. Optimal resource management implies detailed knowledge on the value of intangible assets. In the present article, we aim to analyze the issue of intangible assets from the perspective of the Spanish accounting system, in order to identify the similarities and differences between it and the Romanian accounting system. The purpose of our approach is to complete the stage of knowledge concerning intangible capital - the hidden fortune of the new economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the insights of American Catholic writer Thomas Merton on technological societies. Topics discussed include Merton's critique of the technologically-dependent society relative to his writing on place, nature and environment, the interaction between human and machine in the digital age, and the deeper impact of Merton's digital language in human's identity.

This article examines the iron industry in Gipuzkoa, a city in the Basque territory of Spain, particularly during the Ancien Régime beginning in the 17th century. The author discusses the lack of innovation and use of technology in the iron industry in this region and notes that other countries were showing increased reliance on technological innovations to streamline their manufacturing processes. The period from the 13th century to the 19th century is a main focus and the successful or unsuccessful use of certain technologies is also considered.