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Occupational burnout among special education teachers results in increased attrition, and lower student and teacher outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to establish a framework of occupational burnout within special education and adaptive leadership theory. The quantitative correlational study surveyed K-12 special education teachers who taught during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty-seven eligible respondents completed the online survey including demographics, Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey, Adaptive Leadership with Authority Scale, and sections of Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions Survey. A statistical correlation between teacher occupational burnout and adaptive leadership indicated supervisors using adaptive leadership strategies had less teacher attrition.

This research was carried out specifically to address the question of the relation between Web 2.0 rapid content development self-efficacy belief (W2RCDSB) level and professional burnout level of special education teachers. 90 special education teachers participated in the research. "Web 2.0 Rapid Content Development Self-Efficacy Belief Scale" and "Maslach Burnout Inventory" were used to obtain the data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyzes were used in the interpretation of this research, which was designed in the correlational model. The results of the research show that special education teachers have a moderate level of W2RCDSB and they feel professional burnout at a normal level. However, the characteristics of teachers such as gender, age, graduated program and professional seniority do not make a significant difference on the dependent variables. Also it is realized that level of professional burnout decreases as the W2RCDSB level of teachers increases.

This paper takes work-family conflict as the independent variable, work engagement as the dependent variable, and perceived organizational support and emotional exhaustion as the mediating variables, and studies the influence of work-family conflict on work engagement and the mechanism of perceived organizational support and emotional exhaustion of female university teachers in China, based on the job demand-resource model (JD-R). The results of the questionnaire survey of 518 female university teachers revealed a significant negative relationship between work-family conflict and work engagement, with a direct effect accounting for 31.88%. The indirect effect of work-family conflict on work engagement through perceived organizational support was significant, accounting for 63.19%, while the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion was not notable and the chain mediating influence of perceived organizational support and emotional exhaustion was not significant.

This research investigates the level of work autonomy and work burnout perceived by EFL teachers. It also examines the relationship between autonomy and burnout in the context of EFL teaching. The study participants were 158 EFL teachers from four Saudi universities. To measure teachers' perceived autonomy and work burnout, two questionnaires were administered to the teachers. The results indicate that EFL teachers' perceived method autonomy is high, while both scheduling and criteria autonomy are medium. In addition, EFL teachers' emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are found to be low, whereas personal accomplishment is high. A negative relationship between autonomy and burnout is also found according to the results of the study. The perception of having high or moderate levels of autonomy is connected to lower rates of burnout. According to the results, the autonomy of teachers can be seen as a particular personality trait of EFL teachers that helps mitigate burnout. The findings of this research may be beneficial for language teachers as it can increase their understanding of their own autonomy, burnout at work, and how to enhance these areas based on the suggestions provided.

Serious consequences of teachers' experienced burnout have repeatedly been reported. Thus, it is important to identify teachers' level of burnout and underlying factors. Accordingly, the current study aims to investigate the level of burnout English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Türkiye may feel, and if four factors (age, gender, length of teaching experience, and type of school) predict their level of burnout. To that end, a quantitative orientation was adopted. Through convenience sampling 132 EFL teachers working in different regions of Türkiye voluntarily took part in the research. They were asked to fill out Maslach's Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey, and to provide some demographic information. Three separate scores for each participant were obtained through three subscales in the 22-item Likert-type inventory; emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement. Multiple regression analysis and a full-factorial ANOVA were conducted to reveal any possible effects of the four factors on the perceived burnout of the participants. The results revealed that majority of EFL teachers experience diminished personal accomplishment at a high level. Among the four variables, age was the most reliable precursor of burnout; however, the only statistically significant interaction was with depersonalization. The results suggest that EFL teachers need to see more concrete outcomes of their professional effort to improve their sense of personal accomplishment. In addition, as teachers get older, they may be engaged in activities that help them refresh their professional enthusiasm to prevent depersonalization.

This study aims to investigate experienced Thai teachers' experiences of burnout during online teaching and learning, and examine how teachers' self-efficacy and burnout levels impact their teaching performance. The research concerns differences in perceptions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment/assessment, teachers' self-efficacy, and online teaching performance among teachers in Thailand. The sample selection was conducted using a stratified random sampling technique. Data collection involved self-reported surveys from 243 elementary, secondary, and vocational schoolteachers in metropolitan areas and Thailand's north, northeast, east, and south regions. MANOVA and correlation analysis were employed to analyze burnout, teachers' self-efficacy, and teaching performance. The results indicated differences in online teaching performance and teachers' self-efficacy between two groups: high-risk and moderate-to-low risk of burnout. Teachers with a low risk of burnout demonstrated higher self-efficacy and better performance during online teaching. The study identified two burnout subscales--emotional exhaustion and depersonalization--originally included in the Maslach's burnout inventory. However, we also incorporated teachers' online teaching performance into the assessment, necessitating modifying the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Regarding implications, we recommend practical applications in policy improvements related to teachers' mental support and reducing burnout causes while enhancing online teaching performance.

Work and family are two of the most important parts in one's life. Individuals cannot fulfill their work requirements and family responsibilities at the same time, so they are faced with the dilemma of timing and role conflict. Based on the conservation theory, this study explored the relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction in 422 female university teachers in China, and proposed a moderating mediation model to examine the mediating role of job burnout and the moderating role of perceived organizational support. The results show that work-family conflict has a significant negative predictive effect on job satisfaction; job burnout fully mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction; perceived organizational support moderates the relationship between work-family conflict and job burnout, and the stronger the perceived organizational support, the weaker the negative predictive effect of work-family conflicts on job satisfaction.

In this study, the relationships between the burnout and creative thinking levels of special education teachers (SET) were examined. 214 special education teachers were contacted to accomplish this goal. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator's Survey and the Marmara Creative Thinking Tendency Scale were used in the study. Conducted in accordance with the goal, the surveys revealed that the creative thinking tendencies of SETs decrease as their burnout levels increase; their creative thinking, self-discipline, novelty-seeking, courage, curiosity, and flexibility levels decrease as their emotional exhaustion levels increase; and their creative thinking, self-discipline, novelty-seeking, courage, curiosity, doubt, and flexibility levels increase as their personal accomplishment levels increase. In conclusion, improving the salaries, providing training on scientific-based practices, and organizing in-service training were suggested in the study in order to reduce the burnout of SETs and increase their creative thinking tendencies.

Western countries have placed a lot of importance on school inclusion policies in the last decade. Strong promotion of these policies encourages teachers to express egalitarian attitudes and behaviours towards all students. However, at the same time teachers may experience feelings of discomfort because of perceived difficulties and powerlessness in implementing the inclusion policy. The discrepancy between what teachers say and their internal discomfort can lead to burnout. The aim of this study was to test the relationship between a teacher's implicit and explicit attitudes towards disability and burnout. To this end, we used explicit self-reported measures of attitudes and burnout, and a specific paradigm to assess implicit attitudes towards disability (disability-IAT). Results showed that implicit attitudes were significantly more negative than explicit attitudes. The more positive the explicit attitudes, the less the individuals experienced exhaustion, whereas the more negative the implicit attitudes, the more exhausted the respondents felt. These results suggest teachers need to internalise positive feelings about inclusion to protect themselves against risks of emotional exhaustion.

This study aimed to explore the mediation mechanism of how sources of job stress impact teacher burnout. The participants were 502 Chinese teachers (M[subscript age] = 35.51, SD[subscript age] = 9.56) in primary and secondary schools. The data were collected utilizing the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Occupational Stress Scale, Social Support Scale, and Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire. A structural equation model (SEM) was conducted to analyze whether social support and psychological empowerment mediate the relationship between job stress and teacher burnout. The results showed that the dimensions of job burnout were affected by different sources of job stress. Importantly, social support and psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between job stress and burnout. This study identified the important factors of job stress that affect teachers' burnout and provided a foundation for developing interventions for teachers experiencing burnout from the perspective of social support and psychological empowerment.

The purpose of this study was to identify special education teachers' profiles in relation to their levels of burnout, work engagement and job satisfaction, following a person- oriented approach. This approach was chosen in order to provide cfombinations of attributes that shape high-risk groups of low engagement and high burnout. Additionally, it was examined whether these profiles differed with regard to special education teachers' individual parameters and work-related characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, number of children in family, level of education, region of employment and teaching experience. The sample included 664 in-service special education teachers (503 females and 161 males) working in primary and secondary schools. Two-step cluster analysis yielded four profiles, entitled: passionate, workaholic, operational and overworked. Differences were also noted among profiles, in terms of participants' age, educational level, region and teaching experience. Findings are discussed with reference to implications for future research in order to early detect and support teachers at risk.

Due to ongoing and severe teacher shortages, preparing and sustaining a skilled special education teacher (SET) workforce is a top policy priority. Understanding predictors of SETs' intent to leave is crucial for policy makers and school leaders alike, as they seek to develop interventions to support retention efforts. In this study, we examined attrition intentions among SETs serving students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs), using longitudinal survey data from a U.S. nationally representative sample of teachers in the 2019-2020 school year (fall-winter-spring). We measured teachers' self-efficacy and burnout in fall, winter, and spring as well as teachers' intent to leave in spring. We found all three dimensions of fall burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) had an indirect effect on spring intent to leave. All three dimensions of burnout in the spring predicted intent to leave, as did winter scores on depersonalization. Cross-time relationships between of dimensions of self-efficacy and burnout were revealed; however, at no timepoint was self-efficacy a significant predictor of intent to leave in spring, whether directly or indirectly. We discuss implications for both practitioners and researchers.

Research has highlighted the role of workplace experiences in relation to outcomes, such as job satisfaction, among inservice physical education teachers. More recently, scholars have extended this line of scholarship to explore how higher education faculty members experience and navigate the sociopolitical context of higher education. Guided by occupational socialization theory, the purpose of this study was to understand the interactions among workplace experiences, which include perceived organizational support, marginalization, isolation, and emotional exhaustion, and their association with physical education teacher education faculty members' perceived job satisfaction. Toward this end, a theoretically driven conceptual model was developed and evaluated using structural equation modeling. The sample comprised 283 United States (US)-based physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty members, and data were collected through an online survey that aimed to measure the identified study variables. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the factor structure before advancing to structural equation modeling. The results of structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized relationships among variables, C3(141) = 294.56, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.075 (90% CI = [0.066, 0.085], p < 0.001); SRMR = 0.057; NNFI = 0.962; CFI = 0.969. While some of the pathways were not significant, the associations of perceived organizational support on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction were partially mediated by marginalization and isolation. Faculty members' perceived organizational support and emotional exhaustion were important predictors of the perceptions of job satisfaction. Further research exploring the skills faculty utilize to increase and manage emotional exhaustion is warranted.

The current study sought to investigate Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' willingness to receive feedback and its relation to burnout. To this end, Teachers' Willingness to Receive Feedback Scale (TWRFS), along with Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered to 200 English language teachers working at different private language institutes of Mashhad. The data was analyzed by means of Pearson Correlation Coefficient, SEM Path Analysis, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Considering the directionality of feedback, the obtained results indicated a significant negative relationship between willingness to receive direct feedback and burnout; the more willing teachers are to receive direct feedback, the later they might experience burnout. With regard to the valency of feedback, willingness to receive negative feedback significantly predicted teacher burnout; that is, teachers who are more open to negative feedback seem to be more prone to burnout. Ultimately, the implications of these findings for the training and support of teachers were discussed, and interventions to treat or prevent burnout were put forward.

This investigation adopted a correlational research design. This study aimed to establish whether work overload and organisational climate are predictors of burnout among primary school teachers in Lesotho. The sample comprised 350 primary school teachers. Data were collected through the use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey, Overload Scale and School Environmental Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis reveals that work overload and organisational climate are predictors of burnout among teachers. Pertaining to work overload, the study finds that primary school teachers in Lesotho are burdened with teaching many grades. In relation to organisational climate, the findings of the study are that teachers work under unfavourable working conditions.

This study examined the predictive relationships between collective teacher efficacy, job satisfaction, and burnout. In addition, the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between collective teacher efficacy and burnout was tested. Three hundred fifty teachers participated in the research in which the correlational research design was used. Collective Teacher Efficacy Scale, Short Form Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used as data collection tools. Pearson Correlation Coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships between collective teacher efficacy, job satisfaction, and burnout. Structural equation model analysis was applied to test the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between collective efficacy and burnout. The results indicated that collective teacher efficacy predicts job satisfaction positively and burnout negatively. Collective teacher efficacy and job satisfaction have a large effect on burnout. Evidence has been obtained that teachers' job satisfaction can increase and, accordingly, burnout can be prevented when collective teacher efficacy is achieved.

This research was carried out to examine the mediating role of job satisfaction in the effect of physical education teachers' leader-member exchange on burnout. As data collection tools, leader-member exchange, job satisfaction and the Maslach burnout scale were used. The study group of the research consists of a total of 155 physical education teachers who work in Malatya and Hatay provinces of Turkey. The study group was selected with the convenience sampling method, one of the non-random sampling methods. A questionnaire was applied to the teachers participating in the research via electronic communication tools. Data obtained from participants were analyzed using SPSS Amos 20.0 and Process macro. In the research, descriptive statistics, correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and bootstrap regression analysis were performed. As a result of this study, it was found that job satisfaction played a mediating role in the effect of leader-member exchange on physical education teachers' burnout levels. It can be stated that increasing physical education teachers' leader-member exchange and improving their relationships with their superiors can effectively increase job satisfaction and reduce burnout.

This study was aimed to investigate the impact of several demographic variables and teacher burnout on teaching enthusiasm. The descriptive correlational model was used. The study sample was comprised of teachers from high schools (9th-12th grades) in Antalya, Turkey during the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. 366 teachers fully completed the questionnaire in 52 high schools. Data were obtained through two scales, namely the Teacher Enthusiasm Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Two models were implemented for teaching and subject enthusiasm, separately. Each model included three demographic variables and three sub-dimensions of teacher burnout as predictors of teachers' teaching and subject enthusiasm. The binary logistic regression analysis was used in the study. The analysis showed that gender and seniority as demographic variables were found to be significant predictors in the teaching enthusiasm model. The average class size was the only variable which was not significantly effective on teaching and subject enthusiasms. Emotional exhaustion and decreasing sense of personal accomplishment were found to be significant predictors for teaching and subject enthusiasm, while emotional exhaustion was the dominant predictor. Also, depersonalization was not a significant predictor of teaching and subject enthusiasm as sub-dimensions of teacher enthusiasm. That the relations', which can directly and indirectly define the relationship between enthusiasm and burnout in the literature being greatly ignored forms the justification of the current study.

Teachers may have affective responses to teaching students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) that influence their effectiveness. We used latent profile analysis to examine the burnout profiles of 102 K-Grade 6 general education and special education teachers who had students with or at risk for EBD in their classrooms. We then examined if profile membership varied by teacher type (special education vs. general education) and if profile membership was related to teachers' directly observed classroom management skills. Our results suggest that teachers exhibit three burnout profiles: "flourishing," "buffered," and "struggling"; that profile membership did not vary by teacher type; and that burnout profiles were related to teachers' classroom management skills. These findings suggest teachers may need differential supports when working with students who have EBD and provide directions for future research regarding the association between teacher affect and classroom instruction.

Student problem behaviors in early elementary school have been associated with increased teacher burnout, negative emotions, and stress, along with negative student outcomes, including increased risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). This study examined the impact of BEST in CLASS--Elementary (BEST in CLASS-E), a teacher-delivered Tier 2 intervention, on teacher self-efficacy, burnout, and attributions for student behavior. Participants in the study were 45 kindergarten to Grade 3 students, identified as at risk of EBD, and their 26 teachers from three elementary schools located in an urban school district. Although changes in teacher self-efficacy and burnout were nonsignificant, results suggest that teachers in the BEST in CLASS-E condition reported less emotional exhaustion than teachers in the control condition and that BEST in CLASS-E had a slight but nonsignificant effect (p = 0.06) on teachers' causal attributions of problem behavior. This study highlights the promise of BEST in CLASS-E as a Tier-2 intervention delivered by teachers in impacting elementary teacher outcomes. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of academic optimism in classroom management and job burnout of elementary school teachers. The method of this research is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population in this study included all primary school teachers in Baneh who were teaching in this city during the academic year 2017-2018. The number of teachers in Baneh was 800, of whom 457 were female teachers and 343 were male teachers. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was 260 people. The sampling technique in this study was cluster sampling. To collect data, the following questionnaires were used; Beard et al.'s academic optimism, the attitudes and beliefs of teachers regarding classroom management of Martin and Sass and Maslach Burnout. Data analysis was performed by Amos software. The results showed that the paths of scientific emphasis on behavior management, trust in education management, self-efficacy in behavior management, and education management were statistically significant. Also, the results showed that the paths of scientific emphasis on emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal success; confidence in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal success; and self-efficacy to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal success are statistically significant.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine variables that contribute to burnout among Texas choral teachers. Specific research questions included: (1) What demographic variables predict burnout in Texas choir teachers? and (2) How do perceptions of teacher agency impact Texas choir teachers' experience of burnout? After providing demographic information, participants (N = 151) completed a researcher-designed questionnaire assessing perceived teacher agency and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. We conducted three multiple regression analyses for each of the three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Four variables (perceived teacher agency, teaching at a Title 1 school, years of teaching experience, and outside employment work hours) significantly predicted emotional exhaustion. Perceived teacher agency, gender, teaching at a Title 1 school, and years of teaching experience significantly predicted depersonalization. Perceived teacher agency and years of teaching experience significantly predicted personal accomplishment. When perceived teacher agency was lower, teachers experienced greater emotional exhaustion, more depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Women experienced more depersonalization compared to men, and teachers who taught at Title 1 schools reported more emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Years of teaching experience correlated negatively with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization but positively with personal accomplishment.

Special education teacher attrition is a significant and chronic problem that has worsened since the pandemic. A longitudinal survey of burnout was conducted with rural special education teachers (N = 48) over four timepoints through the school year just prior to COVID-19. Both school and intrapersonal predictors of burnout obtained at the beginning of the school year were used to predict burnout at the end of the school year. Findings revealed that burnout is highly stable over the course of the school year. Furthermore, the strongest predictors of burnout at the end of the school year were baseline scores of burnout. Only one school factor--excessive work demands--and several teacher intrapersonal variables--coping, social support, and mindfulness skills--predicted at least one indicator of burnout. In a regression analysis, the baseline scores of each of the different domains of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment) accounted for the most variance in burnout reported at the end of the school year, except for passive avoidance. Passive avoidance accounted for unique variance with depersonalization. These findings suggest that burnout is stable and help identify teacher intrapersonal or school factors that might be useful targets for prevention or intervention research related to burnout. [For the corresponding grantee submission, see ED629643.]

Job burnout is a problem characterized by physical and mental problems caused by intense working conditions. In recent years, many teachers on a global scale have stated that they have experienced job burnout. It is known that many teachers who experience job burnout report sleep, fatigue, desire to quit work, low level of professional satisfaction and wellbeing. Although it is known that there are negative relationships between mindfulness, self-efficacy in classroom management, and job burnout, no research has been encountered to examine these concepts in the context of education. This study examined the mediating role of classroom management self-efficacy in the relationship between classroom mindfulness and teacher burnout. The research sample consists of 288 teachers, 185 women (64.2%) and 103 men (35.8%). In the preliminary analysis, for detecting multicollinearity Harmon's Single Factor Test and for normality Skewness and Kurtosis were tested. The goodness of fit values of the tested model was found as X[superscript 2] / df=1.17, CFI=0.99, TLI=0.99, GFI=0.99 and RMSEA=0.03. Since the path between mindfulness and job burnout in teaching is significant in the model, it is understood that self-efficacy in classroom management is a partial mediator in the relationship between mindfulness in teaching and job burnout. Mindfulness in the teaching profession is believed to play a key role in both self-efficacy in classroom management and burnout in the profession. For this reason, mindfulness in the classroom should be included in both in-service teacher training and professional development.

During the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1,930 Canadian teachers were surveyed about their burnout and resilience levels, as well as their job demands and resources. Latent profile analysis revealed that teachers were responding to their experiences in five distinct patterns, or profiles, of burnout or resilience. Survey data were then used to match each profile group with their salient demands and resources. A continuum model of recommendations is offered to support teacher resilience as they navigate and recover from the pandemic.

Because of the dynamic and rapid development of digital technologies, teachers are facing more than ever challenging issues related to coping with educational innovations. This situation has become ultimately evident under COVID-19 quarantine and the necessity to work remotely. Such requirements induce extra pressure on teachers, which causes excessive stress, often leading to emotional and professional burnout. In our paper, we aim to focus on the types of impact (positive or negative) of digital technologies in relation to foreign language teachers' age and experience and the level of professional burnout. Specific emphasis is put on the study of coronavirus-related remote learning mode circumstances. To reach the research goal, a mixed method was used, engaging 140 English language teachers from 18 Polish schools, Silesia region, with a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview as the tools used in the quantitative and qualitative stages of the study. The research findings show that even though teachers are ready to integrate technologies in the classroom, they are vulnerable to technical problems which often occur during the lessons, causing the feeling of disappointment, frustration, anxiety, and lowering the efficiency of teachers' professional performance. The implications of the study suggest that the professional support for teachers in technology use, better working conditions, and equipping language classrooms with good quality digital devices should serve as the best remedy against teacher burnout.

This research examines the occupational burnout levels of physical education and sports teachers in terms of various factors. In this context, the general survey model, which is consistent with the main purpose of the study, is used in this quantitative study. The survey pool of the research consists of a total of 67 physical education and sports teachers, 5 females and 62 males, working in Bayburt and Gümüshane provinces. Convenience sampling method, one of the non-probability sampling approaches, is used in the selection of the research group. Data collection tool is a questionnaire form which consists of two parts. In the first part of the questionnaire, there is the "Personal Information Form", and in the second part, there is the "Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Form". Difference and correlation tests are used in statistical evaluations. Accordingly, significant differences are present in the factors of gender, perceived welfare level and exercise status. However, within the scope of marital status, status of being a manager at the current school, current level of duty, location of the current school, perceived personal income level, perceived family income level (including personal income), active sports status and the type of the active sport, there is no significant difference in the sub-dimensions of the scale. However, the research concludes that there are positive and significant relationships between the participants' total years of service in the teaching profession and the mean scores of the sub-dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. On the other hand, there is no significant relationship between the factors of age and years of service in the teaching profession for the school where they are currently employed, and the sub-dimensions of the scale. As a result, occupational burnout levels of physical education and sports teachers within the scope of various factors are described as they exist.

This correlational study examined the relationship among some English teachers' characteristics and their students' foreign language learning. Eighty-two Iranian high school teachers who taught English completed a battery of questionnaires. The scores of the teachers' students on their final exam were collected as indicators of their English achievement. The results revealed that there was a positive relationship between the teachers' self-efficacy, classroom management orientations, personal accomplishments (a subscale of burnout), and students' L2 performance. However, the correlations between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (two subcomponents of burnout) and students' English learning were negative. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the teachers' self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of learners' English learning. These findings highlight the importance of such teachers' characteristics for their learners' L2 learning.

Early elementary-age students with and at risk of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) tend to develop negative interaction patterns with their teachers. This preliminary study examines the extent to which symptoms of teacher burnout and teacher reports of classroom adversity are associated with the likelihood of negative interactions between teachers and students with and at risk of EBD. We conducted observations to assess teacher-student interactions in individual and group settings, and teachers reported on burnout and classroom adversity. This study included 10 teachers and 15 of their students with or at risk of EBD. High levels of classroom adversity increased the likelihood of negative teacher-student individual interaction. High levels of classroom adversity modified the relation between personal accomplishment and negative teacher-student interactions in group settings. Findings suggest teachers may need additional support for engaging in high-quality interactions with students with and at risk of EBD, particularly in classrooms facing high levels of adversity, and inform intervention design and implementation.

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between mobbing perception and job burnout of secondary school mathematics teachers. Another subject of the study is to find out whether mobbing and burnout perception differs according to gender, marital status, teachers' professional experience, educational background, staff position, and school type variables. The demographical information form developed by the researchers, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey, developed by Maslach and Jackson (1981),and Mobbing Scale developed by Cemaloglu and Ertürk (2007) were used as data collection tools. The study was conducted using the survey method. The study participants included 243 mathematics teachers working in public and private secondary schools in a city centre of a province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Although the study findings of burnout perceptions of mathematics teachers do not differ significantly according to the variables of gender, and educational background, they differ according to the variables of marital status, professional experience, staff position, and school type. Mobbing perceptions of mathematics teachers differ according to sub-levels of all variables but the variable of gender and staff position. In addition, a significant relationship has been identified between the mobbing and burnout perceptions of secondary school mathematics teachers. In addition, it has been determined that mathematics teachers' mobbing perceptions are significant predictors of burnout perceptions.

Intention of this investigation was to explore if a relationship exists or not between emotional intelligence and burnout by examine a sample of 200 teacher educators that were selected by a purposive stratified sampling method from among of all teacher educators in District Gaya, India. In this investigation, two instruments were used to collect data, such as Weisinger's Emotional Intelligence Test and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). This research was correlation type so to analyze the data, were used Pearson correlation co-efficient and Analysis of Regression. Investigations found that teacher educator were not significantly different in emotional intelligence on the basis of gender, locality and teaching experience. Gender and teaching experience has nothing to play on burnout but locality has a significant difference on burnout score of teacher educators. Emotional intelligence and burnout syndrome have a strong negative association (r=-0.221), according to research results. Emotional intelligence had a significant contribution on burnout of teacher educators.

To expand the line of research investigating individual teacher-related variables, the present research sought to test a structural model of teacher reflection, self-efficacy, burnout, and emotion regulation among Iranian EFL instructors. Moreover, a mediation model was examined, hypothesizing that emotion regulation would mediate the influences of teacher reflection and teacher self-efficacy on teacher burnout. Collecting data from a sample of 238 Iranian EFL teachers, a structural equation modeling (SEM) was embarked on to test the hypothesized relationships. The data of the study were gathered through the participants' responses to the four questionnaires related to the four variables under investigation (i.e., teacher self-efficacy, reflection, burnout, and emotion regulation variables). The outcomes of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) verified the fitness of the used questionnaires and the structural model. Considering the centrality of teachers' affective status in how they deal with reform initiatives, it is hoped that our results can contribute to the understanding of how teachers can take practical measures to monitor their emotional states in EFL education in Iran and in the broader international context. Additionally, EFL teacher preparation programs should consider more practical strategies to enhance efficacy beliefs, emotion regulation, and reflection for pre-service teachers.

In this article, we examined educators' efficacy and burnout within Comprehensive, Integrated, Three-tiered (Ci3T) models of prevention, as implemented in 14 elementary schools in a Midwestern state. Participating schools completed a year-long training series to design their Ci3T plans and were in their second year of implementation as part of a districtwide initiative. We examined educators' year-end self-ratings to describe how teachers in schools with prevention models were faring, exploring three sets of variables (a) self-reported Ci3T treatment integrity, (b) social validity ratings of their Ci3T model of prevention, and (c) educators' sense of efficacy and burnout. Results indicated educators experienced emotional exhaustion; however, depersonalization and personal accomplishment scores revealed positive and large magnitude differences compared with a national sample. Moreover, educators reported higher levels of efficacy related to instructional strategies and classroom management than a national sample. Higher self-reported levels of Ci3T treatment integrity were associated with increased levels of efficacy related to student engagement. We discuss limitations and future directions.

The present study aimed to adapt the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Schwarzer et al. (1999) into Italian and to test its validity and reliability. In a group of teachers (N = 683; 83% female), the factor structure (Confirmatory Factor Analyses), construct validity (latent relations with burnout variables), measurement invariance and reliability (internal consistency) of the Italian version of TSES (TSES-Ita) were tested. Support for a one-factor solution for the TSES-Ita was found. The one-factor model was found to be factorially invariant across gender, teaching experience and teaching level. Moreover, the scale demonstrated good reliability ([alpha] = 0.88). As expected, TSES-Ita was negatively associated with emotional exhaustion and with depersonalization, and positively associated with personal accomplishment. Our results provide evidence that the Italian version of the TSES-Ita is reliable, valid, and thus, potentially useful for research on occupational stress and burnout in the teaching profession.

The current paper was conducted for two aims: the first aim was to adapt the Work Related Flow Inventory (WOLF) developed by Bakker (2008) into Turkish. In this context, the inventory was applied 198 (128 females 64.6% and 70 males 35.4%) teachers working in public schools in Ankara for construct validity and reliability. WOLF, consisting of 13 items and three sub-dimensions, was found to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring teachers' work-related flow. The second aim was to examine the relationships between work related flow, burnout, and job satisfaction through the structural equation model. The data were collected from 274 teachers (155 females 56.6% and 114 males 41.6%) working in public schools in Ankara. The relationships between the variables were examined with the hybrid model. A negative and statistically significant relationship was found between flow and emotional exhaustion; a positive and statistically significant relationship was found among flow, personal accomplishment, and intrinsic satisfaction variables. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between work related flow and depersonalization as well as extrinsic satisfaction variables. The fit index values of the model examining the relationships among the variables were in the range of good fit values accepted in the literature. Findings were discussed within the relevant literature and culture, and suggestions were provided for future researchers and educators. Also, recommendations were listed for future studies with an emphasis on the need for research in Turkey.

Coronavirus incidence causes the adoption of strict restrictions by governments in most of the countries. There were and still are public areas that are affected more than others -- services and schools. In Slovakia, the school closure happened in the middle of March 2020 and lasts until May 2021. This situation puts a huge demand on teachers on all stages. This paper was to describe the difficult situation that occurred worldwide during the spring in 2020. We have focused on 214 secondary school teachers (M[subscript age] = 46.9; SD = 11.2; 75.3% females) and their experiences of two dangerous syndromes connected with job performance -- burnout and boreout syndrome. Maslach Burnout Inventory (Ráczová & Köverová, 2020) saturated by 3 subscales: depersonalization ([alpha] = 0,903), personal accomplishment ([alpha] = 0,624) and exhaustion ([alpha] = 0,883) and Boreout scale ([alpha] = 0,550) (Rothlin & Werder, 2014) were administered. The convenience and purposive sampling method has been used. The data were proceeded by descriptive and correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient). Statistical differences were tested with T-test for independent samples. We found that the level of both syndromes was not high during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, but female teachers experienced significantly higher emotional exhaustion than their male colleagues. Currently, after the second wave of pandemics, the need for a second round of the research arises what would create the opportunity for comparison.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided to conduct educational activities online and the burnout status of teachers who suddenly switched to distance education became a matter of curiosity. This study was carried out to examine the burnout levels of physical education and sports teachers during the COVID-19 period and to examine possible changes that may occur after this process by getting information about how they will approach their profession. profession and students. In this context, the research group consists of 210 physical education and sports teachers, 142 men and 68 women. These teachers took a break from face-to-face education due to the pandemic and continued their lessons with online education. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and 3 semi-structured questions were used to find out the emotional states of physical education and sports teachers and how they approached students during and after the pandemic. IBM SPSS 22 statistical program was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the scale. Analysis of normality showed that the data were normally distributed. Parametric test independent samples t-test was used to compare paired groups, one-way ANOVA was used to compare more than two groups and the level of significance was accepted as (p)<0.05. In addition, the content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the semi-structured interview form. The results showed that physical education and sports teachers participating in the study experienced moderate burnout. It was determined that the most negatively affected aspect of teachers was emotional exhaustion during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was no significant difference between the burnout levels of physical education and sports teachers according to the variables of gender, age, professional seniority, the type of sports they do. Physical education and sports teachers stated that they missed their students and they wanted face-to-face education to start at school, while more than half of the teachers stated that their attitudes to students will change after the pandemic.

Teaching in nursery schools is a demanding profession based on interaction with people. As a result, teachers are exposed to an increased risk of burnout. The main goal of the research was to find out to what extent the pedagogical staff of the mentioned nursery schools are endangered by the burnout syndrome and how satisfied they are in their profession. The research group consisted of 90 participants which included teachers from all nursery schools for children with special educational needs in the Czech Republic. To determine the empirical data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory -- Educators Survey, Teacher Satisfaction Inventory and One-Dimensional Assessment Scale measuring teachers' climate perception were used. The results suggest that special needs nursery school teachers are at a high risk of burnout in the dimension of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in contrast to the high level of personal satisfaction, job satisfaction and satisfaction with the working climate.

This study was an attempt to examine the relationship between EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers' job satisfaction and burnout in public schools and private institutes in Iran. Participants in this study were 120 EFL teachers (60 from public schools and 60 from private institutes) in Urmia, Iran. The researchers administered Ho and Au's (2006) job satisfaction questionnaire and Maslach, Jackson, and Leiter's (1996) burnout questionnaire, containing 22 items each, to measure the teachers' job satisfaction and burnout levels, respectively. Having collected the quantitative data, the researchers interviewed 10 participants to find out the sources of teachers' job dissatisfaction and burnout. The results showed a significantly negative relationship between EFL teachers' job satisfaction and burnout in both contexts, i.e., public schools and private institutes. Moreover, teachers in public schools enjoyed more job satisfaction and less job burnout compared to teachers in private institutes. Furthermore, the findings of the interview unveiled 8 main sources of teachers' job dissatisfaction and burnout. The results are discussed in relation to effective guidelines for teachers in public schools and private institutes in EFL context.

This article investigates a teacher learning program in Mexico, Desarrollo de la Inteligencia a través del Arte: DIA (Development of Intelligence through Art: DIA), that supports teachers in applying holistic approaches to instruction that support social, emotional, academic, and cognitive growth. Using qualitative and quantitative measures, this article analyzes how pedagogical approaches that emphasize social and emotional learning affect teacher well-being and support practices associated with positive classroom culture. Analyses found that the DIA professional development program promotes an increase in teacher practices attending to social and emotional learning, such as emotional awareness, self-reflection, and student-centered learning. Teachers participating in the DIA professional development program also reported less emotional burnout and distress than control teachers. Analyses suggest that the DIA program may serve as a protective factor from emotional distress among teachers, promoting emotional support for students and student-centered learning.

The current research aims to explore the impact of Science and Mathematics teachers' self-efficacy on their intentions to leave through the mediating effects of their affective wellbeing (stress, burnout, and depression). Data were collected from 329 teachers of Science and Mathematics who were selected randomly with a clustered sampling method from 232 secondary schools in South and East Anatolia, Turkey. The structural equation model that yielded the best fit indicated that as teachers' self-efficacy levels increase, their stress, burnout, depression, and intent-to-leave levels decrease. Teachers with high self-efficacy are less likely to develop intention-to-leave because of their positive affective well-being indicators. Results suggest that maths and science teachers who have optimistic beliefs in their capabilities can more easily cope with the stressors at work and have better affective well-being, and consequently, a lower level of intention-to-leave. The results provide educational leaders with insights as to how better to retain qualified Science and Mathematics teachers.

The disappointments of Nurse Jones, who is well-known by education researchers working in burnout have been seen frequently among teachers in recent years. Research results show that, contrary to the established perception existing in society, music teachers are one of the groups that experience burnout most heavily. The international literature offers a rich knowledge on this subject. However, in Turkey, the literature in which we can discuss the subject has not yet matured. There is a need for empirical research on the subject. The purpose of the study is to examine whether the burnout levels of music teachers differ according to gender, seniority, institution, and participation in in-service training. The study, structured according to the survey model, was carried out with 48 music teachers. The data were obtained using the Personal Information Form and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey. ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for data analysis. The results showed that music teachers' burnout was not differed according to gender, seniority, institution, and participation in in-service training.

Burnout continues to be apparent among teachers and often leads to increased health care costs, absenteeism, and turnover rates. Burnout stems from unmanaged stress, which is the result of teachers' response to challenges in the workplace. The purpose of this cross-sectional design study was to examine the relationship between mindfulness techniques and resilience in high school teachers. An additional purpose was to examine whether the personality trait and conscientiousness moderate the relationship between mindfulness techniques and resilience. The frameworks for this study were based on the self-awareness, -regulation, and - transcendence (S-ART) framework, the theory of planned behavior, and the concepts of resilience and job burnout. Four surveys were used to gather data from 133 high school teachers to understand the relationship between mindfulness techniques and resilience as well as how conscientiousness moderates the relationship. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. This study found a significant relationship between mindfulness techniques and resilience in high school teachers. Additionally, this study found that conscientiousness does not significantly moderate the relationship between mindfulness techniques and resilience in high school teachers. These results might be used to create a professional development tool for teachers to help them learn how to increase the quality of classroom interactions and their resilience through the use of mindfulness techniques. The outcome may be a more positive social and academic environment for students as well as teachers, based on the encouraged use of mindfulness techniques.