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Phortica (Phortica) paramagna (Okada, 1971) (Fig. 24) Amiota (Phortica) paramagna Okada, 1971: 92. Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. flexousa Zhang & Gan, 1986 in having the aedeagal median rod with transparent, jagged-like processes medially, but can be distinguished from the latter by the having paramere bifurcated subbasally (Fig. 24C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1♂ (SCAU), Zhongheng Road (Central Cross-Island Highway), 124.6km, 7.vii.1994, S.W. Zhang; 3♂ (SCAU), Wugongshan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 31.iv.2005, 1.vii.2005, C.F. Lee; 1♂ (SCAU), Pingzhena, Chiayi, Taiwan, alt. 500m, 20.v.2005, C.F. Lee; 3♂ (SCAU), Alishan, Taichung, Taiwan, 1.vii.2005, C.F. Lee; 3♂ (SCAU), Renai, Nantou, Taiwan, alt. 2100m, 20.ix.2005, S.W. Chang; 1♂ (SCAU), Jiji Mountain, Nantou, Taiwan, 22.ii.2006, C.F. Lee. Distribution. China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Okada, T. (1971) A revision and taxometric analysis of the genus Amiota Loew of Japan and adjacent countries (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Kontyu, 39, 82 - 98.","Zhang, W. X. & Gan, Y. X. (1986) Description of eight new species of drosophilid flies from Kunming (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Zoological Research, 7, 351 - 365. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Phortica (Phortica) xianfui Gong & Chen, sp. nov. (Fig. 37) Diagnosis. This species is very similar to P. subradiata (Okada, 1977) in the shape of paramere, but can be distinguished from the latter by having the vertical process of gonopod radiated apically (Fig. 37C); two basal bridges of aedeagal median rod fused to each other (Fig. 37C). Description. Frons dark brown. Face brownish. Mesoscutum and pleura brownish yellow, with brown spots and pollinose pattern. Scutellum brownish yellow, with 1 pair of dark brown patches distolaterally. Male terminalia (Fig. 37): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 14 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 37A). Surstylus basally pubescent on outer surface, with ca. 6 wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin (Fig. 37B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 37C). Paramere expanded and pubescent distally; apical and medial processes each with 1 tooth and 1 sensillum; basal process round apically (Fig. 37D). Vertical process of gonopod apically with 4 or 5 of projections per side (Fig. 37C). Aedeagal median rod submedially with 1 pair of small processes (pr in Fig. 37C) and 1 small projection (ps). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.33 mm in holotype (range in 4♂ paratypes: 3.00–3.50), ThL = 1.69 mm (1.24–1.64), WL = 2.49 mm (2.31–2.71), WW = 1.24 mm (1.20–1.24), arb = 4/2 (4–5/2–3), avd = 0.73 (0.64–0.88), adf = 2.57 (1.80–2.60), flw = 2.14 (1.91–2.13), FW/HW = 0.43 (0.42–0.49), ch/o = 0.08 (0.08–0.09), prorb = 1.00 (0.81–1.22), rcorb = 0.44 (0.44–0.53), vb = 0.64 (0.50–0.73), dcl = 0.57 (0.47–0.68), presctl = 0.57 (0.44–0.71), sctl = 1.09 (1.05–1.11), sterno = 1.50 (1.10–1.50), orbito = 1.33 (1.33–1.80), dcp = 0.28 (0.23–0.30), sctlp = 1.13 (1.07–1.25), C = 2.19 (2.11–2.59), 4c = 1.59 (1.38–1.69), 4v = 2.82 (2.80–3.36), 5x = 1.09 (0.83–1.30), ac = 3.86 (2.26–4.17), M = 0.71 (0.63–0.93), C3F = 0.70 (0.63–0.78). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 123279), CHINA: Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29°19'00''N, 95°20'00''E, alt. 1000m, 3.x.2010, J.J. Gao. Paratypes: CHINA: 8♂ (4♂ in SCAU, Nos. 123280–83, 4♂ in TMNS), Y.R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu, same data as the holotype. Distribution. China (Xizang). Etymology. Patronym, in honour of Dr. X.F. Li (SCAU) for helping us in the fieldwork.

Subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) Schiner, 1862 Phortica Schiner, 1862: 433 (as a genus); Máca 2003: 251 (revised status). Type species: Drosophila variegata Fallén, 1823. Amiota (Phortica): Wheeler 1952: 167. Diagnosis. Additional plate present between cerci and tenth sternite; aedeagal median rod developed, basally and medially with 1 or 2 pair(s) of bridges articulated with anterodorsal corners of gonopods (after Chen et al. 2007). ......continued on the next page Two or more putative morphospecies within a bracket pair indicate they (at least most of the samples) are delimited as a single species; only one putative morphospecies within a bracket pair indicates it is delimited as two or more species. Description. Male and female: Eye brownish red. Ocellar triangle dark brown to black. Frons pollinose, grayish brown to black, with a few interfrontal setulae medially. Fronto-orbital plate often silvery-white. Pedicel and first flagellomere grayish brown. Face grayish brown, with yellowish white patches on lower corners. Clypeus medially white to yellow, laterally dark brown to black. Gena grayish yellow to brown; postgena dark brown. Palpus somewhat triangular, brown basally, grayish yellow and with a few setae distally. Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Mesoscutum and pleura grayish orange-brown, with brownish to black patches and pollinose patterns (Figs. 5, 6). Postpronotal lobe pale yellow, with 1 long and a few short setae. Acrostichal setulae in ca. 6–8 irregular rows. Prescutellar setae usually 1 pair. Scutellum usually concolorous with thorax, with dark brown to black patches (Figs. 5, 6). Basal scutellar setae divergent; apicals cruciate. Wing hyaline, sometimes smoky; veins grayish yellow. Basal medial-cubital crossvein present; C 1 setae 2, indistinctly differentiated. Costal vein with spinules on ventral surface between R 2+3 and R 4+5. R 2+3 slightly curved to costa at tip; R 4+5 distally convergent with M 1. Halters white. Legs yellow; femora usually brown to black except for apical portions; tibiae usually with 3 brown to black rings. Foreleg femur with 2 or 3 irregular rows of long setae on posterior surface. Preapical dorsal setae present on all tibiae. Midleg tarsus ventrally with 2 rows of minute cuneiform setulae on inner and outer sides; hindleg tarsus with 1 row of minute cuneiform setulae on underside; fore- and hindleg first tarsomeres each as long as three succeeding tarsomeres together; midleg first tarsomere as long as all tarsomeres together. Abdominal tergites yellow to orangeyellow (Figs. 5, 6): second to fifth tergites with broad brownish to black bands on posterior margins; sixth tergite nearly entirely dark, narrow anterolaterally. Sternites usually grayish yellow. Male terminalia (Figs. 7–37): Epandrium almost not constricted mid-dorsally, with pubescence and setae; apodeme developed along anterior margins. Cercus almost oval, separated from epandrium, entirely pubescent and setigerous. Surstylus with numerous setae on outer surface. Membrane between epandrium and cercus pubescent. Hypandrium arched, usually with 1 pair of apodeme processes on anterior portion, posteriorly contiguous to lateral corners of gonopods. Gonopods fused, forming posteromedian plate, anteriorly forming vertical process. Parameres usually basally contiguous to anterior portion of hypandrium and tips of distally bifurcated ventral branch of aedeagal apodeme. Aedeagus composed of outer membranous tube and more or less sclerotized median rod; outer membrane posteriorly connect to vertical process of gonopod; median rod basally and/or medially connect to basal corners of gonopods by 1 or 2 pair(s) of bridges (2 pairs in Figs. 12C, 20B, 20D, 30C, 33D, 36C, 37C) and basally contiguous to dorsal branch of aedeagal apodeme; basal bridge sometimes with sclerotized branch (Figs. 7E, 10C, 15E); ventral bridge (termed inner paraphysis in Bächli et al. 2004) usually contiguous to medial process of aedeagus (Figs. 30C, 33D, 37C), sometimes elongated and dilated apically (Figs. 12C, 20B, 20D, 36C). Female specimens were mostly collected from tree trunks, and were difficult to identify to species by morphological characters only (Chen & Toda 1997). Therefore, they are still rarely known in this study. Remarks. For the new species described below, only the characters inconsistent with the aforementioned general descriptions are provided for brevity. In the species descriptions, an asterisk (*) denotes a new record., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on pages 17-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Schiner, I. R. (1862) Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der \" Fauna Austriaca \". Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 6, 428 - 436.","Maca, J. (2003) Taxonomic notes on the genera previously classified in the genus Amiota Loew (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Steganinae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 47, 247 - 274.","Fallen, J. C. (1823) Sveciae, Geomyzides. Litteris Berlingianis, Lundae, 8 pp.","Wheeler, M. R. (1952) The Drosophilidae of the Nearctic Region, exclusive of the genus Drosophila. The University of Texas Publication, 5204, 162 - 218.","Chen, H. W., Toda, M. J., Lakim, M. B. & Mohamed, M. B. (2007) The Phortica sensu stricto (Insecta: Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 55, 23 - 41.","Bachli, G., Vilela, C. R., Escher, S. A. & Saura, A. (2004) The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In: Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. Vol. 39. Brill, Leiden and New York, 362 pp.","Chen, H. W. & Toda, M. J. (1997) Amiota (Phortica) magna species-complex, with descriptions of three new species from China (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology, 65, 784 - 792."]}

Phortica (Phortica) gigas (Okada, 1977) (Fig. 14) Amiota (Phortica) gigas Okada, 1977: 25. Diagnosis. Surstylus with 1 long ventral and 2 short dorsal spines on apical margin (Fig. 14A, B). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2♂ (SCAU), Zhongheng Road (Central Cross-Island Highway), 124.6 km, Taiwan, 7.vii.1994, S.W. Chang; 2♂ (SCAU), Renai, Nantou, Taiwan, alt. 2100m, 20.ix.2005, S.W. Chang. Distribution. China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Okada, T. (1977) The subgenus Phortica Schiner of the genus Amiota Loew of Japan and the Oriental region, with reference to anti-Burla's rule (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 32, 17 - 31."]}

Phortica (Phortica) pangi Chen & Wen, 2005 Phortica (Phortica) pangi Chen & Wen in Chen et al. 2005: 3973. Diagnosis. Paramere apically with 2 small teeth and 1 small, triangular projection; branch of aedeagal basal bridge large, quadripartite, strongly sclerotized (after Chen et al. 2005). Specimen examined. CHINA: 1♂ (SCAU), Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan, 23°15'17''N, 100°11'38''E, alt. 2155m, 14.v.2016, J. Huang. Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Phortica (Phortica) latifoliacea Chen & Watabe, 2008 Phortica (Phortica) latifoliacea Chen & Watabe in Cheng et al. 2008: 624. Diagnosis. Epandrium roundly expanded ventrally; surstylus with ca. 15–17 long, strong prensisetae along inner margin; paramere subbasally with 1 slender process that is as long as 1/4 its full length; branch of aedeagal basal bridge fan-like, with a few jagged-like processes along margin (modified from Cheng et al. 2008). Specimens examined. CHINA: 57♂, Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°38'39''N, 101°09'52''E, alt. 560–740m, 5♂ (KIZ) on 14,15. xi.2012, J.J. Gao, 52♂ (SCAU) on 21–23.iv.2016, J. Huang, Y.Q. Liu, Y.L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22°37'15''N, 99°35'42''E, alt. 1200m, 30.iv.2016, J. Huang; 9♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23°10'08''N, 99°13'52''E, alt. 1260m, 4♂ on 10.v.2016, J. Huang, Y.L. Wang, 5♂ on 19.iv.2018, H.W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24°39'51''N, 97°35'31''E, alt. 700m, 17.v.2016, J. Huang; 14♂ (SCAU), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22°19'56''N, 99°34'51''E, alt. 940m, 23–25.x.2017, H.W. Chen, L. Gong, B.X. Li. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Cheng, Y., Gao, J. J., Watabe, H. & Chen, H. W. (2008) Revision of the genus Phortica Schiner 1862 in China (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zoological Studies, 47, 614 - 632."]}

Phortica (Phortica) allomega Gong & Chen, sp. nov. (Fig. 31) Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. hainanensis (Chen & Toda, 1998) in the male terminalia (Fig. 31), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the anterior branch of paramere apically broadened and strongly sclerotized, with 1 small cleft (Fig. 31C); aedeagus submedially lacking process on median rod, and basolaterally lacking brown patch on outer membrane (Fig. 31C). Description. Frons brown above, dark brown below. Face black. Mesoscutum yellow, black anteromedially. Pleura greyish yellow, brownish on katepisternum. Male terminalia (Fig. 31): Epandrium pubescent and strongly protruded on anteroventral corners, with ca. 8 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 31A). Surstylus medially strongly curved inward, lacking pubescence on outer surface, with several prensisetae on distal 1/3 (Fig. 31B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 31C). Paramere lacking sensillum or tooth on anterior and posterior branches (Fig. 31C). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.91 mm in holotype (range in 2♂ paratypes: 3.47–3.64), ThL = 2.00 mm (1.78–1.87), WL = 3.20 mm (3.02–3.08), WW = 1.33 mm (1.33–1.42), arb = 4/2 (5–6/2–3), adv = 0.73 (0.73–0.80), adf = 2.00 (1.88–2.00), flw = 1.88 (1.87–1.88), FW/HW = 0.48 (0.48–0.50), ch/o = 0.17 (0.15–0.17), prorb = 0.91 (0.76–0.91), rcorb = 0.49 (0.48–0.52), vb = 0.56 (0.50–0.58), dcl = 0.50 (0.50–0.58), presctl = 0.55 (0.56–0.65), sctl = 1.09 (1.03–1.08), sterno = 0.79 (0.76–0.77), orbito = 1.40 (1.38–1.43), dcp = 0.23 (0.20–0.24), sctlp = 1.03 (1.00–1.03), C = 2.04 (1.76–1.88), 4c = 1.79 (1.73–1.81), 4v = 3.30 (3.00–3.06), 5x = 1.20 (1.18–1.26), ac = 2.78 (2.76–3.06), M = 0.86 (0.80–0.81), C3F = 0.66 (0.68–0.71). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 124906), CHINA: Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23°10'08''N, 99°13'52''E, alt. 1320m, 7.v.2016, J. Huang. Paratypes: 2♂ (SCAU, Nos. 124907, 08), J. Huang, L. Zhu, other data same as the holotype. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. A combination of the Greek words: ' all ' + ' omega ', referring to this species is different from P. omega (Okada, 1977).

Phortica (Phortica) conifera (Okada, 1977) (Fig. 9) Amiota (Phortica) conifera Okada, 1977: 18. Amiota (Phortica) conifera takadai Okada, 1977: 18. Phortica takadai: Máca 2003: 261. syn. nov. Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod subbasally with 1 slender, triangular, lobe-like process (Fig. 9C), sometimes asymmetrical or bifurcated apically (as fig. 2A, B in Okada 1977). Remarks. We considered P. takadai Okada, 1977 as a synonym of P. conifera, because the lobe-like process of aedeagal median rod usually has some variations among the variegata complex species, such as P. chi (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996), P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990), P. huazhii Cheng & Chen, 2008, and P. lambda (Toda & Peng, 1990). Compared with P. conifera, there is no sufficient morphological evidence in supporting P. takadai as a different species. Specimens examined. JAPAN: 2♂ (SEHU), Tsushima Is., Kyushu, 16.vi.1995, 27.ix.1996, H. Watabe; 4♂ (SCAU), Noppro, Hokkaido, 27.viii.1996, H.W. Chen; 4♂ (SCAU), Uenohara, Yamanashi, Honshu, alt. 530m, 12.viii.2002, H.W. Chen. CHINA: 1♂ (SCAU), Baiyunshan, Luoyang, Henan, 33°40'19''N, 111°51'46''E, alt. 1320m, 10.vii.2005, J.J. Jiang. Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Is.), China * (Henan)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Okada, T. (1977) The subgenus Phortica Schiner of the genus Amiota Loew of Japan and the Oriental region, with reference to anti-Burla's rule (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 32, 17 - 31.","Maca, J. (2003) Taxonomic notes on the genera previously classified in the genus Amiota Loew (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Steganinae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica, 47, 247 - 274.","Toda, M. J., Sidorenko, V. S., Watabe, H., Kholin, S. K. & Vinokurov, N. N. (1996) A revision of the Drosophilidae (Diptera) in East Siberia and Russian Far East: taxonomy and biogeography. Zoological Science, 13, 455 - 477. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 13.455","Toda, M. J. & Peng, T. X. (1990) Eight new species of the subgenus Phortica (Diptera: Drosophilidae, Amiota) from Guangdong Province, southern China. Entomotaxonomia, 12, 41 - 55.","Cheng, Y., Gao, J. J., Watabe, H. & Chen, H. W. (2008) Revision of the genus Phortica Schiner 1862 in China (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zoological Studies, 47, 614 - 632."]}

Phortica (Phortica) imbacilia Gong & Chen, sp. nov. (Fig. 34) Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990) and P. gamma (Toda & Peng, 1990) in having the male abdominal sixth tergite not extended on posterolateral corners and aedeagal outer membrane with minute, transparent spinules, but can be distinguished from the above-mentioned two species by having the aedeagal median rod distally with 1 spine-like process and 1 deeply bifurcated process per side, basally without didymous, rod-like processes (Fig. 34C); paramere curved basally (Fig. 34D). Description. Frons dark brown to black above, brown below. Face brown. Mesoscutum, pleura and scutellum brown, with dark brown to black patches and pollinose patterns. Male terminalia (Fig. 34): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 7 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 34A). Surstylus lacking pubescence on outer surface, with several wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin (Fig. 34B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 34C). Paramere with 1 sensillum and 3 teeth on apical process; medial and basal process slender and glabrous (Fig. 34D). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.33 mm in holotype (range in 6♂ paratypes: 3.07–3.56), ThL = 1.67 mm (1.47–1.67), WL = 2.71 mm (2.47–2.76), WW = 1.20 mm (1.09–1.42), arb = 5/2 (4–5/1–2), adv = 0.77 (0.54–0.77), adf = 1.73 (1.85–2.14), flw = 1.73 (2.00–2.14), FW/HW = 0.47 (0.47–0.51), ch/o = 0.14 (0.14–0.18), prorb = 0.81 (0.75–0.89), rcorb = 0.52 (0.47–0.56), vb = 0.53 (0.48–0.57), dcl = 0.53 (0.44–0.63), presctl = 0.65 (0.51–0.70), sctl = 1.09 (1.07–1.11), sterno = 0.79 (0.77–0.85), orbito = 1.50 (1.33–1.67), dcp = 0.25 (0.24–0.29), sctlp = 1.00 (0.88–1.14), C = 2.00 (1.86–1.96), 4c = 1.57 (1.47–1.64), 4v = 2.86 (2.47–2.93), 5x = 1.06 (1.06–1.13), ac = 2.49 (3.54–3.67), M = 0.64 (0.60–0.67), C3F = 0.75 (0.73–0.78). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 124901), CHINA: Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23°10'08''N, 99°13'52''E, alt. 1300m, 6.v.2016, L. Zhu. Paratypes: CHINA: 6♂ (2♂ in KIZ, Nos. 0090533, 34; 4♂ in SCAU, Nos. 124902–05), J. Huang, Y.Q. Liu, Y.L. Wang, other data same as the holotype. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. From the Latin words: ' im ' + ' bacillus ', referring to the aedeagal median rod basally without didymous, rod-like process.

Phortica (Phortica) saeta (Zhang & Gan, 1986) (Fig. 29) Amiota (Phortica) saeta Zhang & Gan, 1986: 354. Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod triangularly expanded subapically, with 1 spine-like process per side (Fig. 29C). Specimens examined. 1♂ (SCAU), Benzilan, Deqin, Yunnan, 28°14'40''N, 99°17'55''E, alt. 2700m; 31.vii.2004, H.W. Chen; 42♂ (SCAU), Gexigou, Yajiang, Sichuan, 30°02'58''N, 100°57'36''E, alt. 2874m, 12.vii.2017, L. Gong, Y. Lin, N.N. Wang, Y.L. Wang. Distribution. China (Sichuan * , Yunnan)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Zhang, W. X. & Gan, Y. X. (1986) Description of eight new species of drosophilid flies from Kunming (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Zoological Research, 7, 351 - 365. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Phortica (Phortica) orientalis (Hendel, 1914) (Figs. 6A, 6B, 23) Amiota orientalis Hendel, 1914: 116. Amiota (Phortica) antheria Okada, 1977: 20. Amiota (Phortica) orientalis: Okada 1971: 91 (misidentified); Okada 1977: 19 (misidentified). Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. ryukyuensis Chen in Chen & Máca 2012 in the characters of paramere and aedeagus, but can be distinguished from the latter by having two characters of the vertical process of gonopod (Fig. 23D): submedian branches (b) of anterior tripartite processes much longer than apical branches (a); base (c) of posterior saccate processes distinctly thinned and stalk-like; in P. ryukyuensis (as fig. 31 in Chen & Máca 2012): apical branches (a) of anterior tripartite processes slightly longer than submedian branches (b); base (c) of posterior saccate processes distinctly broadened. Specimens examined. CHINA: 2♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18°41'50''N, 108°50'04''E, alt. 700–890m, 20.iv.2004, H.W. Chen; 4♂ (SCAU), Dinghushan, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 23°10'17''N, 112°32'31''E, alt. 580–670m, 15.iv.2005, H.L. Cao, H.W. Chen, M.F. Xu; 5♂ (SCAU), Heishiding, Fengkai, Guangdong, 23°27'37''N, 111°54'10''E, alt. 570m, 6.v.2005, Y.F. Li; 1♂ (SCAU), Longtan Forest Park, Guiping, Guangxi, 23°31'48''N, 110°00'28''E, alt. 400m, 7.viii.2017, H.W. Chen; 3♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24°25'49''N, 113°17'50''E, alt. 580m, 4.ix.2017, L. Gong, N.N. Wang; 1♂ (SCAU), Nanling, Ruyuan, Guangdong, 24°05'22''N, 113°04'47''E, alt. 1500m, 10.ix.2017, L. Gong. Distribution. China (Taiwan, Guangdong * , Hainan, Guangxi * )., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Hendel, F. (1914) H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.) III. Supplementa entomologica, 3, 90 - 117.","Okada, T. (1977) The subgenus Phortica Schiner of the genus Amiota Loew of Japan and the Oriental region, with reference to anti-Burla's rule (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 32, 17 - 31.","Okada, T. (1971) A revision and taxometric analysis of the genus Amiota Loew of Japan and adjacent countries (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Kontyu, 39, 82 - 98.","Chen, H. W. & Maca, J. (2012) Ten new species of the genus Phortica from the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zootaxa, 3478, 493 - 509."]}

Phortica (Phortica) tibeta Gong & Chen, sp. nov. (Fig. 36) Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. rhagolobos Chen & Gao in Cheng et al. 2008 in having the vertical process of gonopod bifurcated distally (Fig. 36C), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the vertical process of gonopod narrow, strongly sclerotized, and with several small jagged-like projections (Fig. 36C); the basal bridge of aedeagal median rod strongly elongated, slightly shorter than aedeagal median rod, with several minute, jagged-like processes (Fig. 36C). Description. Frons black. Face brown. Mesoscutum, pleura and scutellum brown brownish yellow, with brown to dark brown patches and pollinose pattern. Male terminalia (Fig. 36): Epandrium lacking pubescence anteroventrally, with ca. 11 setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 36A). Surstylus lacking pubescence on outer surface, with several wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin and inner surface (Fig. 36B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 36C). Paramere medially pubescent; apical and median processes each with 1 tooth; basal process slightly triangular (Fig. 36D). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.73 mm in holotype (range in 3♂ paratypes: 3.07–3.73), ThL = 1.35 mm (1.33–1.50), WL = 2.73 mm (2.44–2.89), WW = 1.24 mm (1.11–1.30), arb = 5/2 (4–5/2–3), avd = 0.73 (0.63–0.70), adf = 1.80 (1.71–1.86), flw = 1.56 (1.33–2.00), FW/HW = 0.48 (0.40–0.48), ch/o = 0.09 (0.08–0.10), prorb = 0.86 (0.78–1.00), rcorb = 0.44 (0.35–0.56), vb = 0.78 (0.64–0.73), dcl =0.57 (0.48–0.58), presctl = 0.43 (0.51–0.62), sctl = 0.95 (1.10–1.26), sterno = 1.64 (1.67–1.92), orbito = 1.71 (1.25–1.83), dcp = 0.24 (0.24–0.30), sctlp = 0.73 (0.79–1.14), C = 2.74 (2.04–3.17), 4c = 1.42 (1.45–1.75), 4v = 3.05 (2.85–3.13), 5x = 1.00 (0.85–1.04), ac = 2.45 (3.86–4.14), M = 0.68 (0.55–0.75), C3F = 0.63 (0.70–0.72). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 123275), CHINA: Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29°19'00''N, 95°20'00''E, alt. 1000m, 29.ix.2010, J.J. Gao. Paratypes: CHINA: 3♂ (1♂ in SCAU, No. 123276; 2♂ in TMNS), same data as the holotype, L. Wang, L. Wu, Y.R. Su; 1♂ (SCAU, No. 112026), Moli Forest Park, Ruili, Yunnan, 24°07'05''N, 97°58'51''E, alt. 920m, 23.iv.2017, H.W. Chen. Distribution. China (Yunnan, Xizang). Etymology. Toponym, according to the locality of the holotype., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Cheng, Y., Gao, J. J., Watabe, H. & Chen, H. W. (2008) Revision of the genus Phortica Schiner 1862 in China (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zoological Studies, 47, 614 - 632."]}

Phortica (Phortica) liukuni Gong & Chen, sp. nov. (Fig. 35) Diagnosis. This species is somewhat similar to P. psi (Zhang & Gan, 1986) in the male terminalia, but can be distinguished from the latter by having the aedeagal median rod with 1 pair of lobe-like, distally slender but not bifurcated processes submedially (Fig. 35C). Description. Frons dark black above, brown below. Face brown. Gena and postgena black. Mesoscutum, pleura, and scutellum yellowish brown, with dark brown patches and pollinose pattern. Male terminalia (Fig. 35): Epandrium pubescent anteroventrally, with ca. 7 setae on posterolateral portion per side (Fig. 35A). Surstylus basally with pubescence on outer surface, with several wedge-like prensisetae on apical margin and inner surface (Fig. 35B). Posterolateral lobe of hypandrium undeveloped and lacking pubescence (Fig. 35C). Paramere with sparse pubescence subapically; apical process with 1 sensillum and 3 teeth; medial process somewhat triangular; basal process with 1 sensillum (Fig. 35C). Measurements and indices. BL = 3.20 mm in holotype (range in 3♂ paratypes: 2.80–3.33), ThL = 1.53 mm (1.47–1.67), WL = 3.13 mm (2.13–3.27), WW = 1.13 mm (1.07–1.27), arb = 3/0 (3–4/0), adf = 1.50 (0.80–1.00), flw = 2.00 (1.40–1.50), FW/HW = 0.38 (0.43–0.50), ch/o = 0.13 (0.09–0.17), prorb = 1.19 (0.80–1.17), rcorb = 0.63 (0.42–0.50), vb = 0.60 (0.50–0.60), dcl = 0.50 (0.44–0.60), presctl = 0.56 (0.44–0.50), sctl = 1.13 (1.07–1.46), sterno = 0.60 (0.67–1.33), orbito = 1.43 (1.10–2.00), dcp = 0.28 (0.21–0.32), sctlp = 0.67 (0.50–0.86), C = 2.10 (1.65–2.23), 4c = 1.40 (1.69–1.82), 4v = 2.67 (3.31–3.36), 5x = 1.13 (1.00–1.05), ac = 3.50 (3.14–4.00), M = 0.60 (0.73–0.82), C3F = 0.71 (0.73–0.85). Type materials. Holotype ♂ (SCAU, No. 124044), CHINA: Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28°40'37''N, 108°19'33''E, alt. 1100m, 24.v.2012, K. Liu. Paratypes: 3♂ (SCAU, Nos. 124045–47), same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Etymology. Patronym after the collector Mr. Kun Liu (SCAU).

Phortica (Phortica) hainanensis (Chen & Toda, 1998) Amiota (Phortica) hainanensis Chen & Toda, 1998: 406. Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod with 1 pair of asymmetrical, beak-like processes submedially; aedeagal outer membrane basolaterally with 1 brown patch on each side (after Chen & Toda 1998). Specimens examined. CHINA: 2♂ (SCAU), Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°54'57''N, 101°16'23''E, alt. 580m, 8.iii.2003, J.J. Gao; 14♂, Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18°43'51''N, 109°51'28''E, alt. 980m, 2♂ (SCAU) on 2.xii.2003, H.W. Chen, 7♂ (SCAU) on 22–24.v.2004, H.W. Chen, 4♂ (SCAU) on 18.v.2005, H.L. Cao, H.W. Chen, M.F. Xu, 1♂ (KIZ) on 23.iv.2008, J.J. Gao; 23♂ (SCAU), Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18°41'50''N, 108°50'04''E, alt. 700–890m, 6♂ on 16.v.2005, H.L. Cao, H.W. Chen, M.F. Xu, 17♂ (KIZ) on 20.iv.2008, X.P. Chen, J.J. Gao. Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan * )., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Chen, H. W. & Toda, M. J. (1998) Amiota (Phortica) omega species-complex, with descriptions of two new species from southern China (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Entomological Science, 1, 403 - 407."]}

Phortica (Phortica) huazhii Cheng & Chen, 2008 (Fig. 17) Phortica (Phortica) huazhii Cheng & Chen in Cheng et al. 2008: 623. Diagnosis. Aedeagal median rod sometimes bifurcated apically, with 2 processes subapically (Fig. 17C, psa; small and symmetrical in the specimens from Hainan, as fig. 26 in Cheng et al. 2008) and 3 pairs of slender, slightly asymmetrical processes submedially (Fig. 17C); aedeagal basal bridges lacking slender process in the specimens from Xizang (Fig. 17C). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1♂ (SCAU), Caiyanghe, Pu'er, Yunnan, 22°35'41''N, 101°06'20''E, alt. 1420m, 27.ix.2009, L. Wang; 15♂ (5♂ in KIZ, 5♂ in SCAU, 5♂ in TMNS), Beibeng, Motuo, Xizang, 29°19'00''N, 95°20'00''E, alt. 800–1010m, 29.ix–3.x.2010, J.J. Gao, Y.R. Su, L. Wang, L. Wu; 2♂ (KIZ), Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°54'57''N, 101°16'23''E, alt. 680m, 28.ix.2011, H.W. Chen, J.J. Gao; 1♂ (SCAU), Baihualing, Baoshan, Yunnan, 25°17'50''N, 98°48'12''E, alt. 1400m, 24.viii.2013, Q.S. Gao; 5♂, Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°38'39''N, 101°09'52''E, alt. 620–740m, 2♂ (KIZ) on 14.xi.2013, J.J. Gao, 3♂ (SCAU) on 23.v.2016, J. Huang, Y.Q. Liu, Y.L. Wang; 1♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22°37'15''N, 99°35'42''E, alt. 1200m, 30.iv.2016, J. Huang; 16♂ (SCAU), Mengdong, Cangyuan, Yunnan, 23°10'08''N, 99°13'52''E, alt. 1320m, 6.v.2016, J. Huang, Y.Q. Liu, Y.L. Wang, L. Zhu; 1♂ (SCAU), Nabang, Yingjiang, Yunnan, 24°39'51''N, 97°35'31''E, alt. 700m, 17.v.2016, J. Huang; 66♂ (SCAU), Botanic Garden, Ruili, Yunnan, 24°01'12''N, 97°51'33''E, alt. 1170m, 21♂ on 23.v.2016, 22♂ on 22.viii.2016, 7♂ on 6.xi.2017, 16♂ on 22.iv.2018, H.W. Chen, L. Gong, J. Huang, B.X. Li, Y. Lin, Y.Q. Liu, Y.L. Wang, L. Zhu; 6♂ (SCAU), Wenquan, Changning, Yunnan, 24°35'34''N, 99°55'18''E, alt. 1530m, 16.viii.2016, H.W. Chen, L. Gong, Y.Q. Liu; 6♂ (SCAU), Mengyuan, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°47'29''N, 101°22'59''E, alt. 876m, 18.xii.2017, H.W. Chen, L. Gong; 6♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yunnan, 22°13'44''N, 99°22'37''E, alt. 1140m, 15.iv.2018, H.W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin. Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan * , Xizang * )., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Cheng, Y., Gao, J. J., Watabe, H. & Chen, H. W. (2008) Revision of the genus Phortica Schiner 1862 in China (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Zoological Studies, 47, 614 - 632."]}

Phortica (Phortica) jadete Zhu, Cao & Chen, 2018 Phortica (Phortica) jadete Zhu, Cao & Chen, 2018: 8. Diagnosis. Paramere submedially with 1 expanded, suberect lobe-like process, and apically bifurcated: the anterior branch with 1 strong, pointed tooth, the posterior branch with 2 acute processes (as fig. 2D in Zhu et al. 2018). Specimens examined. CHINA: 3♂ (SCAU), Mengma, Menglian, Yunnan, 22°13'44''N, 99°22'37''E, alt. 1140m, 14.iv.2018, H.W. Chen, L. Gong, Y. Lin; 1♂ (SCAU), Muyiji Park, Ximeng, Yunnan, 22°37'15''N, 99°35'42''E, alt. 1200m, 16.iv.2018, H.W. Chen; 2♂ (SCAU), Moli Forest Park, Ruili, Yunnan, 24°07'05''N, 97°58'51''E, alt. 920m, 23.iv.2018, H.W. Chen, L. Gong. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Zhu, L., Cao, H. L. & Chen, H. W. (2018) The Phortica eparmata species complex (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from the Oriental region, with DNA barcoding information of Chinese species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 403, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2018.403"]}

Phortica (Phortica) pi (Toda & Peng, 1990) Amiota (Phortica) pi Toda & Peng, 1990: 43. Diagnosis. Vertical process of gonopod long and narrow, with 2 pairs of horn-like, strongly sclerotized projections basally and apically, the apical ones curved (modified from Toda & Peng 1990). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1♂ (SCAU), Longgong, Anshun, Guizhou, 26°05'47''N, 105°53'08''E, alt. 570–700m, 21.vii.2000, H.W. Chen; 1♂ (SCAU), Foping, Meixian, Shaanxi, 34°07'10''N, 107°52'39''E, alt. 1500m, 5.vii.2003, J.J. Jiang; 4♂ (SCAU), Conghua, Guangdong, 23°43'30''N, 113°48'20''E, alt. 350m, 3.xii.2003, 12.x.2005, H.W. Chen; 2♂ (SCAU), Shimentai, Yingde, Guangdong, 24°25'49''N, 113°17'50''E, alt. 630m, 9.iv.2004, H.W. Chen; 6♂, Jianfengling, Ledong, Hainan, 18°41'50''N, 108°50'04''E, alt. 700–890m, 2♂ (SCAU) on 20.v.2004, H.W. Chen, 2♂ (SCAU) on 16.v.2005, H.W. Chen, 2♂ (KIZ) on 20.iv.2008, J.J. Gao; 1♂ (SCAU), Guanshan, Yifeng, Jiangxi, 28°01'04''N, 114°25'02''E, alt. 580m, 8.vi.2004, J.J. Gao; 4♂ (SCAU), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, Hainan, 18°43'51''N, 109°51'28''E, alt. 980m, 18.v.2005, from fungus in tussocks, H.W. Chen, H.L. Cao; 4♂ (2♂ in KIZ, 2♂ in SCAU), E'meishan, Leshan, Sichuan, 29°36'14''N, 103°28'56''E, alt. 700m, 7.vii.2007, H.Z. Cao, J.J. Gao, J.J. Jiang; 1♂ (SCAU), Ziyang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, 29°15'60''N, 117°50'46''E, alt. 320m, 27.x.2007, H.W. Chen; 2♂ (SCAU), Mayanghe, Yanhe, Guizhou, 28°40'37''N, 108°19'33''E, alt. 1100m, 24.vi.2012, K. Liu, J.M. Lu; 1♂ (SCAU), Nanling (Shangsongshan), Lancang, Yunnan, 22°47'57''N, 99°55'11''E, alt. 1807m, 12.viii.2016, Y.Q. Liu; 2♂ (SCAU), Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong, 24°48'43''N, 114°11'03''E, alt. 380m, 13.ix.2017, L. Gong, N.N. Wang. Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan *)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Toda, M. J. & Peng, T. X. (1990) Eight new species of the subgenus Phortica (Diptera: Drosophilidae, Amiota) from Guangdong Province, southern China. Entomotaxonomia, 12, 41 - 55."]}

Phortica (Phortica) unipetala Chen & Wen, 2005 Phortica (Phortica) unipetala Chen & Wen in Chen et al. 2005: 3971. Diagnosis. Paramere submedially with 1 small, triangular process, and slender secondary process apically bearing 1 tooth; branch of aedeagal basal bridge single, strongly sclerotized (after Chen et al. 2005). Specimens examined. CHINA: 1♂ (KIZ), Menglun South 5km, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°59'57''N, 101°02'50''E, alt. 890m, 12.iv.2010, J.J. Gao; 2♂ (SCAU), Guanlei, Mengla, Yunnan, 21°38'39''N, 101°09'52''E, alt. 560–740m, 22.iv.2016, J. Huang, Y.Q. Liu; 1♂ (KIZ), Jinshan, Menglian, Yunnan, 22°20'06''N, 99°34'34''E, alt. 1040m, 27.iv.2016, J. Huang. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Huang, Jia, Gong, Lu, Tsaur, Shun-Chern, Zhu, Lin, An, Keying & Chen, Hongwei, 2019, Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4678 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3468782, {"references":["Chen, H. W., Gao, J. J. & Wen, S. Y. (2005) Species diversity of the genus Phortica Schiner in Yunnan, China, with descriptions of nine new species (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Journal of Natural History, 39, 3951 - 3978. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500533534"]}

Pseudostegana Okada, 1978 Stegana (Pseudostegana) Okada 1978: 392; Okada 1982: 39. Type species: Stegana (Parastegana) grandipalpis Takada and Momma 1975: 12. Pseudostegana: Sidorenko 2002: 14 (as a genus); Chen et al. 2005: 407; Li et al. 2010. Diagnosis Postvertical and prescutellar setae absent; ocellar setae outside triangle made by ocelli; arista with one ventral branch except for terminal fork; anterior dorsocentral seta minute; wing hyaline, mostly with dark-coloured band(s); all femora, tibiae and first tarsomeres slender; fore leg first tarsomere with four to six black, short, thick setae; abdominal tergites mostly glossy; seventh tergite present in male (Chen et al. 2005). Description Head: Eye brownish red. Ocellar triangle mostly, broadly or narrowly elongated to anterior margin of frons. Frons mostly glabrous, lacking minute, interfrontal setulae. Anterior reclinate orbital seta minute; posterior reclinate orbital seta situated nearer to proclinate seta than to inner vertical. Arista with long, dorsal branches. Clypeus brown to black. Subvibrissa mostly longer than half length of vibrissa. Palpus slender in female, variable in male. Thorax: Scutum and scutellum dorsally convex. Katepisternal setae two or three; medial one shortest. Scutellum usually pale at tip; subscutellum swollen. Wing: Basal medial-cubital crossvein absent. Costal vein extending beyond tip of R4+5 vein, with five to seven peg-like spinules on ventral surface between veins R2+3 and R4+5. R2+3 vein slightly curved to costa at tip; M vein strongly convergent to R4+5 vein. Halter: stalk greyish; knob white. Legs: Mostly yellow, slender. Mid leg tibia basally without strong, postero-dorsal setae. Abdomen: Sternites usually yellow to brown. Male terminalia: Epandrium broad, sometimes slightly constricted mid-dorsally, pubescent except for anterior margin. Surstylus separated from epandrium, mostly lacking pubescence, with several setae on outer and inner surfaces. Cercus separated from epandrium, pubescent and setigerous. Hypandrium broad, large, laterally mostly with one pair of paramedian setae, mid-anteriorly connected with apical part of aedeagal apodeme by aedeagal guide. Paramere with two long sensilla distally and several, small sensilla. Gonopods forming postero-median lobe, baso-laterally contiguous to parameres. Aedeagus usually with one pair of flap-like, serrated processes basally. Aedeagal apodeme long, rod-shaped, basally laterally flattened. Remarks In the new species described here, only characters that depart from the above universal description are provided for brevity., Published as part of Gong, Lu & Chen, Hongwei, 2018, Seven new species of the genus Pseudostegana (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from South-west China, with DNA barcoding information, pp. 2097-2119 in Journal of Natural History 52 (31 - 32) on pages 2100-2101, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1515381, http://zenodo.org/record/5177265, {"references":["Okada T. 1978. Pseudostegana, a new subgenus of the genus Stegana Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Kontyu Tokyo. 46: 392 - 399.","Okada T. 1982. A revision of the subgenus Pseudostegana of the genus Stegana (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Pacific Insects. 24: 39 - 49.","Takada H, Momma E. 1975. Distribution and population constitution of Drosophila in South East Asia and Oceania II. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Series VI, Zool. 20: 9 - 48.","Sidorenko VS. 2002. Phylogeny of the tribe Steganini Hendel and some related taxa (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Far East Entomol. 111: 1 - 20.","Chen HW, Toda MJ, Wang BC. 2005. A taxonomic revision of the genus Pseudostegana Okada, 1978 (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Insect Syst Evol. 36: 407 - 442.","Li T, Gao JJ, Chen HW. 2010. Six new species of the genus Pseudostegana (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Oriental Region. J Nat Hist. 44: 1401 - 1418."]}