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Successful and innovative design practices towards the development of more circular and sustainable products and services that are aligned with the current and future needs of our society rely on efficient practices that combine three main levels in the design and development process. The design management level which is responsible for establishing, planning and managing the development of design projects. The business level, which is focused on the feasibility and effectiveness of the project and its results in the short and long term. Lastly, the design level that is responsible for the implementation and development of circular design projects. This paper is part of a PhD research focused on supporting an innovative and efficient transition to a circular economy and sustainability through design. It describes the basis of a design model under development based on the design thinking process and an expert's survey carried at an international level and the research activities undertaken. It integrates the three levels in a systemic perspective, guiding the process and establishing the link between the needs of the design and development teams in terms of the definition of circularity and sustainability considerations and strategies, objectives and the activities, resources and practical tools needed to support the circular design projects. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Submitted by Cecília Raposo (ceciliaraposo@ipcb.pt) on 2020-03-04T14:43:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Rocha.pdf: 1567247 bytes, checksum: 771fc21b6a3622b4aa161fed9fd9b17a (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2020-03-30T14:40:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Rocha.pdf: 1567247 bytes, checksum: 771fc21b6a3622b4aa161fed9fd9b17a (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Eduarda Pereira Rodrigues (erodrigues@ipcb.pt) on 2020-03-30T14:43:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Rocha.pdf: 1567247 bytes, checksum: 771fc21b6a3622b4aa161fed9fd9b17a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-30T14:43:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hugo Rocha.pdf: 1567247 bytes, checksum: 771fc21b6a3622b4aa161fed9fd9b17a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Circular economy is seen as an innovative path with the potential to achieve a more sustainable society. In this context, and, facing high pressure and motivation from governments, many research projects and initiatives are being developed all over the world. However, we still have a long road ahead in translating the theory and research outputs into practice. For example, in the recently launched report “The circularity Gap report” published by Circular economy in January 2019, our society is only 9% circular and the trend is still negative, the circularity gap is not closing and the upward trend in resource extraction and greenhouse gas emissions has continued in the past 12 months (Circle economy, 2019). In the circular approach to product and service development, which entails fundamental changes in production and consumption systems, where it is necessary to go beyond resource efficiency and recycling (European Environment Agency, 2017), it’s clear the importance of design as an integrating agent in the process. Design professionals, through a redesigned approach to the design practice, applying efficient tools and comprehensive life cycle methods, have the challenge and the potential to transform products, services, and business models. The work presented in the current paper is part of a research project (Camocho, Ferreira, & Vicente, 2018) which aims to support the transition to circular and sustainable economy through design where the authors will explore the current practice, methods, tools and communication elements applied in the development and placement in the market of products claiming to be sustainable and/or circular. The pilot study presented in the paper aims to demonstrate and validate the procedure for the analysis of the process that underlays a representative sample of Portuguese products. The research aims to identify which are the real needs, drivers and barriers faced by designers and product developers in the circular design and development process. The results of the work will underpin a holistic approach, sparking critical thinking and supporting a more efficient design practice for a circular production and consumption. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The evolution of society and the increase in consumption of products to meet more and more consumer needs is taking society to a breaking point that, if surpassed, will hardly have a return, jeopardizing the future generations. Since the mid-1970s, it has been realized that the current model is unsustainable and that a new approach to production and consumption is needed towards a more sustainable society with added value for all stakeholders in the value chain. In this context, designers have a fundamental role in the development of innovative and sustainable solutions that meet the needs of both consumers, producers, and society in general. Currently, the Circular Economy is seen as an approach to Sustainability with great potential for success and which is being the target of numerous research and development projects and initiatives, of practical application in companies, public funding, and education. However, despite all efforts in this direction, there is still a large gap between theory and practice. There is a need to support the practice of Design with methods and tools that allow the transposition of circularity strategies in the development of effective solutions that result in sustainable and circular products and services adjusted to the needs of all actors involved in the value chain. In order to meet these needs, the research carried out in this PhD Thesis resulted in the development of the Rounding the vertices, Design for the Circular Economy toolkit, which includes a set of practical implementation tools, aligned with the Design process and which is also a didactic tool to support designers in their projects and in the identification and development of innovative and circular solutions for projects.

Tese de Doutoramento em Design, com a especialização em Design apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutora. Submitted by Inês Monteiro (inesmonteiro@fa.ulisboa.pt) on 2019-03-15T13:58:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Santa-Klavina-Marques_Sustainable-ID_doc-definitivo_provas-20190125.pdf: 212167080 bytes, checksum: daa6d7bcd3904336c242e4ddfa2e4164 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-15T13:59:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santa-Klavina-Marques_Sustainable-ID_doc-definitivo_provas-20190125.pdf: 212167080 bytes, checksum: daa6d7bcd3904336c242e4ddfa2e4164 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-25 N/A

Tese de Doutoramento para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Design, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura. A iluminação pública alterou profundamente a nossa percepção e uso do espaço urbano nocturno. Compreendida muitas vezes apenas como uma questão técnica em vez de humana, é baseada principalmente no desempenho fotométrico da visão, deixando de fora outras dimensões humanas, como a psicologia da percepção. Actualmente, a iluminação pública está particularmente direccionada para a redução do consumo energético através do uso de novas tecnologias, tal como iluminação adaptativa e fontes de luz LED e o uso de soluções de iluminação standardizados. Neste contexto surge a oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de novas abordagens à iluminação que tirem partido da flexibilidade inerente destes sistemas, melhorando a relação entre o bem-estar do utilizador e o consumo de energia, contribuindo assim para uma prática de design mais sustentável. Com base numa abordagem research through design, foi utilizada uma metodologia mista, de natureza não intervencionista e intervencionista. A partir de uma inicial revisão bibliográfica e da experiência profissional do investigador, considerou-se que adaptabilidade é um importante factor técnico e de design para a melhoria da iluminação pública. Propondo o desenvolvimento de um método orientado para o utilizador, que determine os cenários de iluminação adaptativa para a condição mais adequado e mínima aceitável, considerando uma relação utilizador-espaço específica, com base na percepção de bem-estar do utilizador e a avaliação da qualidade dos cenários configurados. Para apoiar a implementação do método foi desenvolvido um quadro de referência - Continuidade de Luminância Percepcionada como forma de descrever o comportamento da iluminação adaptativa. A informação reunida - objectiva e subjectiva - fornece uma base empírica para que profissionais da iluminação possam criar soluções personalizadas para um contexto físico e humano. Foi formulada a hipótese de investigação que o método proposto, potencia a criação de soluções de iluminação mais ajustadas e flexíveis. Permitindo a adequação de normas suportada em dados objectivos para uma relação utilizador-espaço específica. Dando uma resposta efectiva ao nível do bem-estar do utilizador e da gestão energética, promovendo uma prática de design mais sustentável e melhorando a experiência nocturna. Para testar a hipótese foi executada uma experiência em espaço real como um primeiro caso de estudo na vila de Arraiolos, Portugal. Uma segunda experiência foi realizada com o objectivo de testar a consistência dos dados prévios e confirmar a hipótese primária. Após a análise e validação estatística dos dados recolhidos, foi possível afirmar que a tendência de escolha em ambas as experiências foi muito semelhante, significando que os cenários de iluminação inicialmente considerados como adequados eram reais e significativs, proporcinando elevado nível de apreciação da qualidade da luz. Significa igualmente que existe uma relação entre a configuração da iluminação, distância de visibilidade e a ilusão perceptiva de que um espaço está totalmente iluminado. Mostrou-se ainda que a maioria dos participantes aceitaria iluminação pública adaptativa como prática comum dentro do quadro de referência da Continuidade de Luminância Percepcionada. Com base nos resultados, concluiu-se que o método proposto é uma ferramenta de design válida na concepção de soluções de iluminação pública adaptáveis, confirmando a hipótese primária e secundárias, demonstrando a sua relevância para uma prática de design de iluminação mais sustentável e a melhoria da sustentabilidade do espaço urbano nocturno. ABSTRACT: Public lighting altered profoundly the way we perceive and use nighttime urban space. It often is understood only as a technical issue rather than a human one, mostly based on photometric visual performance, leaving mostly out other human dimensions such as the psychological perception of light. Currently, public lighting is predominately directed to reducing energy consumption by means of the use of new technologies, such as adaptive lighting and LED light sources and the use of standardized lighting schemes. In this context, there is an opportunity to develop new lighting approaches that take advantage of the inherent flexibility of these systems to improve the relationship between user's well-being and energy management, contributing to a more sustainable design practice. Based on a research-through-design approach, a mixed methodology was used with a non-interventionist and interventionist nature. From literature review and professional experience, we considered that adaptability was an important technological and design factor to improve public lighting. Proposing the development of a user-oriented method that determines adaptive lighting scenarios for the most adequate and minimum acceptable lighting condition, for a specific user-space relationship, based on the user’s perception of well-being and the assessment of the perceived lighting quality of the scenarios. To support the implementation of the method, the Perceived Luminance Continuity framework was developed as a way to describe the adaptive lighting behaviour pattern. The gathered data - objective and subjective - provide an empirical basis for lighting professionals to design customized solutions. We hypothesized that the proposed method, would allow the design of more tailored and flexible lighting solutions. Allowing the adjustment of standards based on objective data for a specific user-space relationship. Promoting a more sustainable design practice that give an effective response to the user’s well-being and energy management, improving the nighttime experience. To test the hypothesis, an outdoor field experiment was conducted as a first case study, in the Village of Arraiolos, Portugal. A second experiment was carried out, aiming to test the consistency of the previous data and confirmation of the primary hypothesis. After analysis and statistical validation of the collected data, we can say that the tendency of choices in both experiments was very similar, meaning that the initial lighting scenarios considered as adequate were real and meaningful, with a high appraisal of lighting quality. It also showed that there was a relationship between the lighting configuration, visibility distance and the perceptual illusion of a fully lit space. Moreover, it shows that the majority of participants would accept adaptive public lighting, as common practice within the Perceived Luminance Continuity framework. Based on the results, we concluded that the proposed method is a valid tool for the design of adaptive public lighting solutions. Confirming the primary and secondary hypothesis, showing its relevance in the development of a more sustainable lighting design practice and improving the sustainability of the urban nighttime space.