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The objective of this research is to predict areas susceptible to landslide processes by applying an artificial neural network mathematical model in the locality of Guatapurí and Chemesquemena. Areas susceptible to mass landslide phenomena were delimited based on the identification of conditioning factors ((1) Surface Geological Units, (2) Terrain Slope, (3) Vegetation Cover, (4) Terrain Roughness Index, (5) Geomorphology and (6) Watershed) and mapping and processing of satellite images (Landsat) by applying mathematical models of artificial neural networks type. The susceptibility assessment highlighted an uneven distribution in Guatapurí and Chemesquemena. The "very high" susceptibility zones (43% of the area) were characterized by steep slopes, distinct flow patterns and moderate to very high relief. In contrast, the zones classified as "very low" susceptibility (34% of the area) have gentle to almost flat slopes, with slow runoff and materials less prone to landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Puyo-Tena roadway is prone to landslides due to the geodynamics, geomorphology, and geological materials of the area (unstable outcrops and strata). In recent years, this problem has persistently caused the road to be partially or completely disabled on numerous occasions. The objective of the research was to generate a cartographic model of landslides susceptibility based on variables such as slope, geological formations, land cover and land use, as well as distances to faults, road, and rivers. The degree of landslides incidence was estimated as the linear combination of the weighted variables using the analytic hierarchy process. The importance of this semi-quantitative method lies in its ability to break down a complex decision problem into a simpler and more coherent decision model. The resulting cartographic model was classified into five susceptibility categories: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results showed that 17 km out of the 80 km of the Puyo-Tena roadway have a high probability of landslides, which is equivalent to 21.25% of the road. Furthermore, within this percentage, it was determined that there are fifteen regions with a high probability of landslides due to their location in areas with steep slopes, porous and permeable lithology, a large number of rivers, and agricultural soils. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used for model verification. The verification results showed that the cartographic model for the study area has an accuracy value of 83.7%. The cartographic model of landslide susceptibility will enable relevant decisions to be made to mitigate potential hazards that may endanger transporters, material goods, and residents of the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White clover (Trifolium repens) is a popular perennial ground cover for orchard crops in the tropics. However, due to its slow-growing nature, mixed planting of buckwheat (BW, Fagopyrum esculentum), black oat (BO, Avena strigosae), forage radish (FR, Raphanus sativus) with white clover (CL) is needed to help with initial establishment of the ground cover. The objective of this research was to examine the susceptibility of these cover crops to Meloidogyne incognita. Two greenhouse trials were conducted comparing the susceptibility of BW, BO, CL, and FR to M. incognita. Mustard green (Brassica juncea) was included as the susceptible control, and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was included as the resistant control. White clover had the highest number of females with eggs per gram of root in both trials. BO, BW, and FR had similar number of females without eggs per gram of root as CL and mustard green. The lower inoculation rate in Trial II, 300 M. incognita second-stage juveniles/pot, allowed for more distinct segregation of susceptibility of cover crops toward M. incognita based on reproductive factor (Rf = final population density/initial population density), which was highest in CL. Despite a low Rf, BW was highly intolerant to M. incognita and senesced early. In conclusion, mixed planting of the varieties of BW, BO, CL, and FR tested here are not recommended in soil infested with M. incognita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass removal phenomena are potentially dangerous because they cause damage to property and infrastructure in communities. Therefore, there is a growing governmental interest in knowing, studying and zoning these phenomena, developing projects and research that allow evaluating their behavior. In this work, the zoning of the susceptibility to mass removal phenomena will be obtained, in the vicinity of the municipality of Pueblo Bello, Cesar, upper basin of the Ariguaní River, located southwest of the Santa Marta Nevada massif. For the execution of this project, the discriminant statistical method was developed, taking into account the conditioning and triggering factors, which quantitatively determine the degree of influence that each geoenvironmental variable has on the generation of mass removal phenomena. These geoenvironmental factors were carried out by visiting strategic points within the area, in order to build maps of geology, superficial geological units, geomorphology, land cover and land use, achieving an analysis that led to the determination of homogeneous zones, failure mechanisms, characterization of drainage and its relationship with the phenomena of instability. In conclusion in the sector there is a higher category of medium susceptibility with 45.46%, followed by the low with 20.07%, the high with 17.40%, the very low with 10.31% and the very high category with 6.73%. The relationship with mass movements is higher in the very high category with 36.58%, followed by the average with 31.70%, the low with 14.63%, high with 9.75% and the very low with 7.31%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out with the objective of knowing the levels of vulnerability of the Colinas del Este Sector of the Jipijapa Canton, for this purpose an area of 41,48 hectares was delimited, distributed in 4 sectors, in which 57 families live, which were surveyed, In order to know the physical conditions of their homes, basic services, as well as the economic income they receive, as a whole, it was possible to determine the index of susceptibility and adaptive capacity, establishing that sectors 1 and 4 have medium-high physical vulnerability, while sector 3 has very high physical vulnerability. It is important to highlight that in the last sector mentioned there is a Geomembrane in a state of deterioration, whose function is to prevent water leaks and therefore reduce future landslides, however, according to what was stated by Gonzales de Vallejo, there is a displacement considered as extremely slow conforming. Finally, it should be noted that during the 2015- 2019 period, the municipality of Jipijapa contemplated local development projects in the Territorial Planning and Development Plan, but none were implemented in the study area in order to improve the socioeconomic conditions that favor families in conditions of physical vulnerability. It is expected that the present investigation contributes to make visible the Colinas del Este sector, as a scenario that requires the respective Government attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: A significant body of literature has identified multiple factors that contribute to established victimization by aggressive and/or intimidating behaviours. These studies primarily originate from the fields of intimate partner violence (IPV), bullying, sexual abuse, and/or commercial sexual exploitation (CSE), and generally focus on female victims. It appears, however, complicated to quantify the cumulative contribution of these factors on susceptibility to intimidating and/or hostile engagements on an individual level. Objective: To develop a comprehensive risk model to quantify, on an individual level, the cumulative effects of previously reported characteristics on susceptibility to aggressive/intimidating approaches, leading to victimization (e.g. in the context of IPV/sexual abuse). Methods: A Bayesian belief network was developed using data from previous studies, capturing the multivariate contribution of previously reported characteristics on the likelihood of becoming victimized by aggressive and/or intimidating approaches (e.g. in the IPV/CSE context) in female victims aged 12–24 years. Results: The model showed that specific combinations of characteristics may contribute to an increased likelihood of victimization (e.g. in the context of IPV/bullying/sexual abuse or CSE). This likelihood could be quantified and categorized into specific clusters of factors differentiating between victimization by physically violent, non-physical, and/or sexual aggressive/intimidating approaches. Conclusion: The present model appears to be the first to successfully quantify the cumulative contribution of individual characteristics on the likelihood of becoming victimized by aggressive and/or intimidating approaches, typically leading to victimization. Moreover, the present scientific effort and resulting model suggest that there may be a latent variable mediating between the implemented factors and overall outcome, i.e. the susceptibility to aggressive and/or intimidating approaches. From that perspective, the model may also be considered as an initial outline to effectively indicate susceptibility to such approaches. This study constructed a Bayesian belief network of published statistics to quantify the cumulative effects of individual characteristics on victimization (e.g. in the context of IPV/sexual abuse/bullying/CSE). The model showed that the likelihood of victimization following aggressive and/or intimidating approaches could be quantified and categorized into three different features: the likelihood of becoming victimized by physically violent, non-physical, and/or sexual aggressive/intimidating approaches. The likelihood of becoming victimized by physically violent and non-physical aggressive/intimidating approaches seems to be predominantly characterized by risk factors such as depressive symptoms and elevated neuroticism. The likelihood of victimization by sexual intimidating approaches seems to be primarily associated with externalizing risk factors (e.g. impulsivity), strengthened by factors related to previous (negative) sexual experiences and early-onset puberty. This model could be considered as an initial outline to effectively indicate susceptibility to aggressive/intimidating approaches. The model may therefore be considered an applicable framework for future research to further unravel the complicated aggressive and/or intimidating victim–perpetrator interactions related to victimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elsinoe perseae (= Sphaceloma perseae) is the causal agent of the Mancha purpura or scab in avocado (Persea americana). In this study, the pathogenicity and virulence of E. perseae isolates from different agroecological producing areas of Michoacán, Mexico will be reduced. For this, nursery plants with avocado fruits of Flor de María and Méndez varieties were used. On the other hand, the in vitro sensitivity of chemical fungicides (azoxystrobin, thiabendazole, pyraclostrobin, cyprodinil + fludioxonil and azoxystrobin + propiconazole) and authorized for use in orchards with organic management (copper sulfate, copper gluconate, copper oxychloride and the plant extract Larrea tridentata). The observed symptoms of Mancha purpura in the inoculated fruits were corroborated with those described for E. perseae in avocado. Inoculated fruits Flor de María variety shows the highest susceptibility to the pathogen. The isolates of E. perseae presented different degrees of virulence. The isolates showed different in vitro sensitivity values to the fungicides evaluated in the experiment. The pathogen showed the most sensitivity in vitro to chemical fungicides: thiabendazole and azoxystrobin + propiconazole (100% inhibition), and to those authorized in orchards with organic management: L. tridentata and copper oxychloride (on average 58% inhibition). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: the potato crop in Nariño, presents a significant number of commercial varieties, but diverse phytosanitary problems like the pathogen R. solani Kühn, affect its production and yield. Knowledge gap: there is no information in the department of Nariño, about the attack of this phytopathogen to different potato genotypes. Purpose: the objective of this research was to determine the damage caused by black scurf [R. solani Kühn] on five commercial potato varieties in the department of Nariño. Methodology: in three potato producing municipalities of the department of Nariño [Ipiales, Pasto and Túquerres], using a Randomized Complete Block Design [with four replications and five treatments] were evaluated these variables: incidence on emergence and sprouting, incidence on harvest, and Commercial yield. Finally, it was carried out analysis of variance, using Tukey's comparison tests. Results and Conclusions: in the locality of Túquerres, the highest percentage of incidence in emergence and sprouting was obtained [36,04%], with statistical differences comparison to the localities of Pasto [30,70%] and Ipiales [31,98%]. For the harvest incidence variable, the Roja Huila genotype [in Túquerres] was the most affected, reaching an incidence percentage of 19,94%. Finally, in the evaluation of commercial Yield, the Superior genotype [in Pasto] presented the best performance, with an average of 22,37 t/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper evaluates the susceptibility to subsidence and collapses in karst terrains of Campeche, Mexico, assuming that under a set of conditioning factors these phenomena occur with greater or lesser intensity and may represent a hazard to the population and economic activities. The conceptual model proposes the relative weighting of susceptible areas through multicriteria analysis of analytical hierarchies including lithological, structural, and environmental factors that affect the geomechanics of subsidence and collapse. The conceptual model is translated into a logical one in a Geographic Information System (ArcMap) from which a susceptibility map with four levels is obtained, very high with 13% of the state area, high 25%, medium 30% and low 32%. The susceptibility values correspond to the levels of predisposition of the terrain to hazard. It is concluded that the susceptibility map is a preventive threat cartographic document, useful at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are clinical entities characterized by affecting the kidney, bladder, urethra and prostate in males. Diagnosis is made through urine culture, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common agent. Antibiotic resistance of this bacterium and other uropathogens represents a significant health issue, making it important to study susceptibility patterns. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe how the E. coli pathogen behaved in response to 20 antibiotics used in the antibiogram test, in patients who tested positive for UTI through urine culture and who were treated at a hospital in Nicaragua during the year 2021. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, using a quantitative approach. The sources of documentary information were the laboratory record books. The sample units consisted of 134 isolates of E. coli recorded between January and December 2021. Once the data were collected, they were analyzed using SPSS v21. The most affected age group by E. coli was 41 to 60 years old (61.2% of them) and 21 to 40 years old (25.4% of them). There was a predominance of infection in females (85.1%). ESBL was found in 59.0% of the samples. From the panel of 20 sensidiscs, 13 antibiotics showed resistance, with the most frequent being ampicillin at 85.8%, followed by levofloxacin at 78.4%, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid 77.6%, and amoxicillin+clavulanic acid 63.4%. Resistance to imipenem and meropenem was recorded at 2.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B streptococcus, is a gram-positive coccus, saprophyte, and colonizer of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, causing infections primarily in newborns, pregnant women, and rarely in adults with underlying diseases. The carriage of this microorganism can be a significant cause of chorioamnionitis and postpartum endometritis. This study describes the susceptibility of S. agalactiae in pregnant women attending the obstetrics service at a level II hospital in Palmira between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, through a retrospective descriptive study. A total of 58 rectovaginal cultures positive for S. agalactiae were obtained through vaginal and rectal swabs, data provided by the laboratory of the Raúl Orejuela Bueno Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the automated VITEK-2 method. In the 58 rectovaginal cultures positive for Streptococcus agalactiae, a sensitivity of 100% was observed for ampicillin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; 98% for quinupristin, linezolid, and vancomycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to estimate seroprevalence and analyze factors associated with Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Method: epidemiological, analytical and cross-sectional investigation with women in prenatal care in Ribeirão Preto-SP. Data were obtained through serological tests and questionnaire. Logistic regression model was used, with the selection of independent variables performed using the Fisher's exact test, or Chi-square test, and Student's t, calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios, with significance level of 5%. Results: sample was composed of 165 women, with total seroprevalence, 34.5% [27.3; 41.8], reagents for IgG. The chance of being reactant to the IgG antitoxoplasm antibody is 1.09 times higher for each year of age; 19.48 for those with incomplete Elementary School I; 4.41 for direct contact with the earth. Conclusion: basic sanitation and the network of health services in the municipality studied favor the prevention of Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Mastitis is a frecuently disease of dairy cattle that leads to a decrease in production and an increase in health costs. This disease can be evaluated through the number of white blood cells per milliliter of milk, which is known as somatic cell count (CCS). Alleles of Bovine Leukocyte Antigen (BoLA) genes were associated with resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases. The objective of this work was to study the polymorphism of the class II molecules of BoLA-DQA1 and their association with resistance/susceptibility to mastitis measured through the CCS in milk in Holstein cattle from the province of La Pampa. The population was divided into: 1) case group with high CCS and presence of mastitis (≥ 250,000 cel/ml, susceptible) and 2) control group with low CCS (<250,000 cel/ml, resistant). BoLA-DQA1 polymorphisms were genotyped in sixty animals by PCR-RFLP and PCR-SBT. Woolf-Haldane's Fisher and Odds Ratio (OR) exact test were used to study the association between CCS and allelic variants. 16 alleles of the BoLA-DQA1gene were detected and the BoLA-DQA1*0101 allele showed an OR of 4 (p = 0.58). This finding highlights the importance of BoLA-DQA1 alleles for selection of resistant animals to infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. European Foulbrood (EFB) is a severe disease that affects the first larval stages of different types of bees, including Apis mellifera. This disease is caused by the bacteria Melissococcus plutonius, spreading through contaminated food like royal jelly (RJ). In this study, some components of RJ that could affect the survival and virulence of the bacterium were characterized. Methodology. Bromatological analyses, electrophoretic protein profile, organic acid profile, and mineral content of RJs from different origins were determined. Additionally, the variations in RJs were related to the virulence of M. plutonius through in vitro infections. Contributions. The results showed that the RJs have a different chemical composition, which affects the virulence of M. plutonius. These compounds are royal jelly major protein 1 (MRJP1) and glucose oxidase (GOX), which were absent in some JRs; 10 -hydroxy-2-decenoic acid(10-HDA), whose concentration varied from 1.8 to 3.1%, and the relationship between Potassium and Sodium (K/Na) with values between 4.21 to 20.27. These parameters can be considered a reference to indirectly evaluate the susceptibility of bee colonies against EFB in different geographical locations or seasonal periods and can also be used to develop natural treatments for diseased colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial respiratory problems cause economic losses due to production decreases and the increasing cost of antibiotic treatment. In poultry production, they are the leading cause of death in laying hens. The presence of pathogens implies a distribution in the production units, and their identification by biochemical tests allows the characterization at the species level and its adequate treatment. The present study aimed to identify the bacteria isolated from the trachea of laying hens and determine their antibiotic resistance profile. In an intensive production farm, trachea samples were taken from hens; the bacterial detection was carried out with isolation, colonial and microscopic identification, and biochemical tests; the antimicrobial susceptibility test was also determined. Thirty-two isolates corresponding to five types of bacterial colonies with the morphology of cocci and Gram-positive bacilli (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium spp) and Gram-negative coccobacilli (Pasteurella multocida and Gallibacterium anatis) were obtained. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Corynebacterium spp showed resistance to glycopeptides (100%), in addition to P. multocida and G. anatis, to ampicillin (beta-lactams) and quinolones (100%). The isolated bacteria showed antibiotic resistance and multi-resistance, with implications for poultry farming and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article is to estimate the susceptibility to flooding due to river overflow, taking into account average meteorological conditions, based on the study of geomorphological, hydrographic and edaphic variables. The study region is located in the lower section of the Río Negro basin (Argentina). The zoning of the study area, according to its susceptibility to flooding, is the result of a Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE), which is carried out using the weighted sum of variables and based on criteria published in the national and international bibliography. The physical variables analyzed were maximum water extension, land cover, order, drainage and soil texture, topographic slope and geomorphology of the area. These are integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The data used correspond to the databases of the National Geographic Institute of the Argentine Republic (IGN), the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and previously published databases. The results categorize 46,7% (1 321,6km2) of the studied territory with low or medium susceptibility. The city of Viedma and the towns of Zanjón de Oyuela, La Boca and Primera Angostura correspond to areas highly susceptible to flooding. It was determined that the occurrence of floods is more significant in areas with topographic slopes of 1% and poor soil drainage. The results show agreement with historical flood events in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Phytophthora infestans is the most limiting biotic problem of potato crop in Colombia and the world. It is a pathogen that threatens the sustainability of the crop. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate work collections of potato to identify genotypes that show disease tolerance. The objective of this work was to select genotypes of Solanum tuberosum group Andigena by their tolerance to P. infestans. This study was carried out under conditions of Pasto, in the South of Colombia at 2,820 masl. A total of 76 introductions of guata potatoes were evaluated under natural inoculum, including Capiro as a susceptible control, Betina as moderately tolerant and Pastusa Suprema as highly tolerant. The number of stems and stolons per plant was registered. Disease severity assessments and traits related to the area under the disease progress curve were made. At harvest stage, yield values per plant and its components were recorded. Principal Component and Classification analyses discriminated tolerant introductions of susceptible. Significant positive correlations were found between the yield with the number of stolons, tubers per plant and tuber weight, and negative correlations with severity and area under the relative disease progress curve. The selected introductions showed high yield per plant and mostly minor severities to the population, indicating an agronomic potential that must be evaluated in different environments to determine its adaptability and stability. UdenarStGua53, UdenarStGua61, UdenarStGua68, UdenarStGua73, UdenarStGua75, UdenarStGua77 y UdenarStGua78, coming from the International Potato Center (CIP) are confirmed as a source of tolerance to P. infestans and can be considered as parental within species improvement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The municipality of Angangueo located in Michoacan Mexico, is located on a hillside system that presents a predominantly concave and mixes morphology, dominant slopes that vary between 30 and 40 degrees of inclination, an erodible geological substrate and erosion-prone soils; geographical-physical conditions that, when combined with the little knowledge of relief geodynamics, misguide territorial occupation decisions, and meteorological and climatic conditions, generate conditions of hillside instability. With this scenario, this research focuses on determining community resilience in the municipality of Angangueo in the face of mass removal processes; considering the morphodynamic characterization, the georeferencing of processes thar happened in historical time, and the statistical evaluation of surveys aimed at understanding resilience. This was achieved through geological and geomorphological characterization, the generation of an inventory of mass removal processes, the preparation of susceptibility cartography and the determination of degree of resilience. The results show that although community resilience growth is considered in the locality, some variables as perception and marginality determine precarious development conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Phytophthora infestans is affected by biotic and abiotic factors that can vary its pathogenicity. In the highlands of Mexico, the genetic variability of P. infestans, low temperatures, high relative humidity and light favor its expression and influence the efficacy of the infection. This work analyzed the progress of infection of P. infestans with respect to the expected, observed and simulated during two field cycles in Chapingo, Mexico, with the objective of documenting and quantifying the progress of foliar infection by P. infestans in different lines of Tomato with different levels of resistance. As well as validate a predictive model. With the record of 10 years of meteorological data, five situations were predicted with four to ten cycles of infection from 8 to 13 h each. Compared to the predictions, the observed effect of area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and its components (RAUDPC and RaRAUDPC) were significant, with low coefficient of variation. It is concluded that among the expected, observed and simulated scenarios there is a close relationship to predict epidemics of P. infestans. This confirms that LATEBLIGHT is useful for simulating and predicting the late blight epidemic, under Chapingo atmospheric conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper assessed the susceptibility of the terrain before mass movements in the microbasin of the Timbío River - Cauca, using a mixed methodology based on surveys, interviews, structuring of cartographic information and spatial modeling with the bivariate method. The main results of the research indicate that high levels of susceptibility are distributed throughout the microbasin, and for the period between 2012-2018, mass movements were registered that have caused structural and environmental damage. the results obtained in the research constitute a base input to strengthen the planning processes, thus directing the actions of the community and institutions towards local risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Biociências is the property of Revista Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geominas is the property of FUNDA-GEOMINAS. (Fundacion de Egresados d Amigos de la Escuela de Ingenieria Geologica y de Minas) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nacobbus aberrans sensu lato is one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) in tomato crop. For the management of this PPN, it is important to study sustainable strategies such as genetic resistance, commonly found in crop wild relatives. In this regard, there was interest in knowing the response of local populations (Michoacán, Mexico) of wild tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) to the inoculation with second stage juveniles. Three experiments (E1, E2, and E3) were mounted. Five wild genotypes and one cultivated genotype (cv. Rio Grande) were evaluated. At 7 and 21 days after the inoculation (dai), the number of nematodes within the root was evaluated, and at the 45 and 60 dai root galling was recorded. In the E1 and E2 experiments, at 7 and 21 dai, the J2 and J3-J4 stages were found. In all three experiments, there was root galling, and at 60 dai egg production was evident. N. aberrans s.l. invaded the roots and completed its development and reproduction. These results reveal the suitability of the five Mexican populations of wild tomatoes as hosts of the nematode and suggest the need to explore other wild solanaceae as possible sources of resistance to the nematode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the infections caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are the first cause of death by an infectious agent; in recent years there has been the emergence and dissemination of strains resistant to multiple antimicobacterial drugs. Objective: to determine the susceptibility patterns of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in patients of the Villa Clara Province. Method: a retrospective descriptive study including 116 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in Villa Clara patients from July 2015 to July 2018 was carried out with susceptibility tests performed by the nitrate reductase method, the proportions method and molecular methods. Results: sensitivity to isoniazid and rifampicin was found in 105 strains, four multidrug-resistant strains were found, as well as one extremely resistant strain. Conclusions: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Villa Clara Province mostly show sensitivity patterns, a small number is multidrugresistant and the number of extremely resistant strains is negligible. The recognition of the low prevalence of these last patterns is a tool for the control of their dissemination in the province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An analytical analysis to obtain the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations in presence of a current J and magnetic field H in a mesoscopic superconducting thin film is shown. The transport current is applied in a little contact in the boundary of the sample. This contacts are included through to the deGennes extrapolation parameter b in the boundary conditions. Finally, we show a useful tool that can be used to found the evolution of ψ(A t) in this formalism. We found the dependence of the magnetization M(H) and magnetic susceptibility χm with b for such sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geominas is the property of FUNDA-GEOMINAS. (Fundacion de Egresados d Amigos de la Escuela de Ingenieria Geologica y de Minas) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: Gallibacterium anatis bv. haemolytica es una bacteria Gram-negativa‚ inmóvil‚ no esporulada que pertenece a la familia Pasteurellaceae‚ reside normalmente en las vías respiratorias y reproductivas de las aves de corral. Es una de las principales causas de salpingitis y peritonitis‚ afecta directamente la producción de huevos y aumenta la mortalidad‚ lo que impacta gravemente el bienestar y productividad. Objetivo: el propósito del estudio fue determinar el perfil de resistencia a antimicrobianos de cepas de Gallibacterium anatis aisladas de aves comerciales con sintomatología respiratoria y reproductiva‚ recolectadas durante el 2022-2023 en Colombia. Métodos: se obtuvieron un total 115 cepas a través de pruebas convencionales mediante cultivo y características bioquímicas (BD BBL Crystal E/NF/ID®). Para determinar la sensibilidad de los aislamientos se utilizó la prueba de difusión en disco‚ utilizando el método de Kirby-Bauer. Se realizó un perfil de resistencia para 12 antimicrobianos‚ distribuidos en siete familias: Ciprofloxacina 5 µg‚ Enrofloxacina 5 µg‚ Norfloxacina 10 µg Amoxicilina 20 µg‚ Sulfatrimetoprim 25 µg Tetraciclina 30 µg‚ Doxiciclina 30 µg‚ Oxitetraciclina 20 µg‚ Florfenicol 30 µg‚ Fosfomicina 50 µg‚ Neomicina 30 µg‚ Gentamicina 10 µg. Las placas de agar Mueller Hinton fueron preparadas e incubadas a 37 ºC durante 24-48 h. Se realizó la lectura midiendo el diámetro de los halos de inhibición del crecimiento‚ según las recomendaciones del Comité Nacional de Estándares Clínicos de Laboratorio (NCCLS) versión 2002. Resultados: los aislados que mostraron mayores perfiles de resistencia son: Tetraciclina 77 %‚ Oxitetraciclina 75 %‚ Doxiciclina 69 %‚ Sulfatrimetoprim 74 %‚ Enrofloxacina 73 %‚ Norfloxacina 70 %‚ Ciprofloxacina 63 %‚ Neomicina 55 %‚ Gentamicina 47 %‚ Amoxicilina 43 % y Florfenicol 35 %‚ mientras que la mayor sensibilidad fue para Fosfomicina 87 %. Conclusiones: aunque se conoce desde hace mucho tiempo como patógeno oportunista de las aves de cría intensiva‚ ha surgido en los últimos años como agente emergente con resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos causando pérdidas económicas y dificultades para el control de la infección. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la toxoplasmosis es causada por el agente Toxoplasma gondii‚ el cual cuenta con la capacidad de infectar a cualquier especie animal de sangre caliente. En cuanto a los primates neotropicales‚ la susceptibilidad reportada al contagio con T. gondii es alta‚ y estas especies pueden presentar muerte súbita asociada a la enfermedad. Por lo tanto‚ la necesidad de programas de medicina preventiva que permitan detectar anormalidades o signos clínicos indicadores de la enfermedad a priori son de gran importancia en el manejo de poblaciones ex situ. Objetivo: detectar los niveles de anticuerpos (IgG) anti-T. gondii en individuos de tres especies de titíes (Saguinus geoffroyi‚ Saguinus oedipus y Leontocebus fuscicollis)‚ pertenecientes a la colección de la Fundación Botánica y Zoológica de Barranquilla (Colombia). Métodos: se realizó la toma de muestras de sangre periférica de la vena femoral de 10 individuos de la especie S. geoffroyi‚ cinco de la especie S. oedipus‚ y dos de la especie L. fuscicollis. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante una prueba rápida para la determinación cualitativa y semicuantitativa en suero de anticuerpos anti-T. gondii‚ por aglutinación de partículas de látex en lámina (TOXOLATEX®; Rodelg Laboratorios‚ Barranquilla‚ Colombia). Resultados: el 35 % (6/17) de los individuos muestreados fueron seropositivos a T. gondii. Cuatro de ellos con títulos < 80 UI/ml (dos individuos de la especie S. geoffroyi y dos de la especie S. oedipus)‚ uno con títulos = 80 UI/ml (S. oedipus) y uno con títulos = 320 UI/ ml (L. fuscicollis). Conclusiones: la titulación de anticuerpos anti-T. gondii es de gran importancia para determinar la exposición del animal frente al parásito en ambientes de zoológico. Para asegurar un estatus de infección reciente‚ es necesario realizar una prueba serológica con la identificación de IgM o una serología pareada. Por lo tanto‚ nuestros resultados permiten concluir que los animales evaluados han tenido contacto con T. gondii en algún momento de su vida‚ sin manifestar signos clínicos característicos de la enfermedad en ninguno de los casos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]