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Brazil is the fourth largest swine producer and pork exporter in the world, the slaughter under the federal meat inspection service achieved 37 million pigs in 2017 (https://sidra.ibge.gov.br). Brazilian meat inspection system is under a modernization process and new procedures are just standardized and regulated for pigs reared in farms submitted to health animal service rules. In order to supply the risk analysis for meat inspection modernization, several studies on zoonotic hazards were conducted in Brazil last years. This one was focused on zoonotic parasitosis once that in sanitary post mortem examination, the inspectors can identify lesions compatible with cysticercosis (Satyaprakash et al., 2018), hydatidosis (De La Rue, 2008) and sarcosporidiosis (Zainalabidin, et al., 2017). Cysticercosis is caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium. Primarily, cysticercosis is an infection of pigs that act as an intermediate host of T. solium. Pigs are infected by ingestion of contaminated water, soil or feed with the eggs of Taenia solium expelled from tapeworm carriers. The eggs develop into cysticerci in various organs and musculature causing porcine cysticercosis characterized by small round whitish viscous cyst (7 to 15 mm), located mainly in the lingual muscles, masseters, heart and diaphragm (Satyaprakash et al. 2018). Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Pigs are considered important intermediate hosts of the larval stage by eggs ingestion from contaminated environment with feces of definitive host. The intermediated host develops hydatid cysts in the liver and the parasite cycle can be complete if a definitive host ingest this organ without a heat treatment (De La Rue, 2008). Sarcosporidiosis is a disease caused by cyst forming coccidian, namely, Sarcocystis spp. Pigs can be infected when consuming food contaminated with fecal material of carnivores containing the sporocysts of Sarcocystis spp. The whitish filamentous, spindleshaped, rice-grain-like, macrocyst-forming sarcocyst has been observed in the muscles of pigs, mainly in the heart, tongue and diaphragm (Zainalabidin, et al., 2017). The aim of this study was to validate the macroscopic diagnosis of these lesions detected by veterinary inspection service using histopathology analysis. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-17T04:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9435.pdf: 958487 bytes, checksum: b00aa886bc21fd94b865744b87bf16ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The granulomatous lymphadenitis (GL) in pigs is mainly caused by Mycobacterium avium hominissuis (MAH), who belongs to the Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC), considered non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Although GL does not affect swine zootecnical performance, economic losses occur during the slaughter line by condemning viscera and carcasses. The lesion is characterized by one or more foci of granuloma, which most frequently affect the organs of the digestive tract and peripheral lymph nodes. The main differential diagnosis encompasses Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), who belongs to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTbC), of relevant zoonotic potential. Nevertheless macroscopic examinations and histopathology are insufficient to determine the etiologic agent involved. Federal Meat Inspection had registered the frequency of 0,81 % of lymphadenitis in Brazil from 2012 to 2014. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of the granulomatous lesions for validation of the national data of inspection and build a database to further risk analysis. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-17T04:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9436.pdf: 671691 bytes, checksum: 67aa8f9948f0d9730438802e8c73b6f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

It is estimated that as many as 40 to 50% of reproducing females are culled each year in modern pig production; astonishgly, almost half of these culls are associated with sows before their third and fourth parity (ENGLEBON et al., 2016). Decreased sow longevity is not only an economic problem for the pig industry but also results in poor animal welfare. To maximize profitability, sows should be retained in the breeding herd up to parity six, since higher parity dams wean numerically more and heavier piglets per year when compared to first and second parity sows (GRUHOT et al., 2017); nevertheless, in commercial pig operations 30% of sows are culled by parity three, being reproductive failure one of the major reasons for involuntary culling of low parity sows (TANI et al., 2018). On this path, disappointing litter size, anestrus and return to estrus following insemination are regarded as major causes for removal of reproducing females (KOKETSU et al., 2017). However, aside of been caused by intrinsic unbalances, these failures can also suffer the influence of external factors, e.g. deficient estrous detection, incorrect moment of insemination, poor semen quality and reproductive diseases, therefore some sows might be culled for wrong reasons. The present study aimed to evaluate the culling decision accuracy of sows with reproductive failure from commercial breeding herds through examination of reproductive and urinary tracts post mortem. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-17T04:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final9062.pdf: 167554 bytes, checksum: 227d01a6d65e093a70e8445176532788 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019