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The preparation of 4-de-N-methylfortimicin A analogs as well as the preparation of 4-de-N-methyl-4-N-(beta-aminoethyl)-4-N-ethylfortimicin B is reported. It was shown that the 4-N-methyl group in fortimicin analogs is essential for antibacterial activity since neither the 4-de-N-methylfortimicin A nor the 4-de-N-methyl-4-N-(beta-aminoethyl)-4-N-ethylfortimicin B exhibited useful biological activity.

The structures of fortimicins A and B have been determined by PMR, CMR, mass spectra and CD combined with chemical degradations. Both antibiotics are pseudodisaccha-rides and incorporate a novel aminocyclitol, fortamine. Incontrast to the diaminocyclitol moieties of known aminoglycosides, fortamine is a 1, 4-diamine, contains both N- and O-methyl groups and possesses chiro stereochemistry. Both antibiotics are glycosides of 6-epi-pur-purosamine B, but fort imicin A differs from fortimicin B by being a glycyl amide.

The isolation and structure elucidation of a shunt metabolite of erythromycin biosynthesis, (8S)-8-hydroxy-5,6-dideoxy-5-oxoerythronolide B ( 1a ), is described. NMR and CD data reveal that the title compound and related 5-oxo derivatives ( 5 and 6 ) are conformationally homogeneous with erythronolide B ( 2 ). Consistent with this observation is the hydroxyketone-hemiacetal equilibrium present in the case of 5 . The spectroscopic data further show that 1a , (8S)8)hydroxyerythronolide B ( 12 ), and lankolide ( 13 ) have identical 8S stereochemistry.

Facile isomerization of molecular diethylstilbestrol (DES) occurs by a second order reaction on solution in organic solvents. The isomerization of the disodium salt of DES which occurs in basic methanolic solutions is a reversible first order reaction. Mechanisms of the isomerization processes of molecular and anionic DES are proposed. The estrogenic response of isolated disodium salt of cis -DES was determined to be approximately 45% of the activity observed for trans -DES using a mouse uterine weight assay. Since the trans isomer is believed to be considerably more active biologically because of its structural similarity with estradiol, it appears that the observed appreciable activity of the cis -DES test solution is a consequence of the isomerization in vivo to the trans isomer. These results may have significance in the use of DES as a ruminant growth promoter since estrogenic response appears not to be restricted solely to the amount of trans isomer content.

We have shown previously that the esters of adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid (10) represent a new class of potent nontoxic coronary vasodilators. For example, the ethyl ester (12), which is active by an intraduodenal or intravenous route in dogs, causes a large increase in coronary sinus PO2 and coronary blood flow. Because of the pronounced vasoactive properties of the esters of adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid, a systematic study of the corresponding amides (14--50) was undertaken. In addition, several other analogues containing the N1-oxide function (51--52) or 2',3' substituents (3--9, 53--54) were studied.

The structures of seldomycin factors 1 and 2 have been determined by consideration of chemical degradation and spectral properties. Factor 1, also known as XK-88-1, is shown to be 6-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-xylopyranosyl) paromamine (1) and factor 2, also known as XK-88-2, is shown to be 4'-deoxy-neamine (2). Mass spectral evidence has been obtained that suggests the most probable structure for seldomycin factor 3, also known as XK-88-3, is 6'-amino-6'-deoxyseldomycin factor 1 (12).

We have shown previously that the esters of adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid (10) represent a new class of potent nontoxic coronary vasodilators. For example, the ethyl ester (12), which is active by an intraduodenal or intravenous route in dogs, causes a large increase in coronary sinus PO2 and coronary blood flow. Because of the pronounced vasoactive properties of the esters of adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid, a systematic study of the corresponding amides (14--50) was undertaken. In addition, several other analogues containing the N1-oxide function (51--52) or 2',3' substituents (3--9, 53--54) were studied.

7-Epi-spectinomycin (9) and 7-epi-4(R)-dihydrospectinomycin (10) have been prepared and their structures firmly established by proton magnetic resonance. Both of these spectinomycin analogs are devoid of antibiotic activity.