Search

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a crop of great economic importance that has been propagated by tissue culture through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The present research had as objective to determine the phenotypic variability in the field of sugar cane cv. 'C87-51' plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis in liquid culture media. Plants regenerated from somatic embryos were planted in the field next to plants propagated via organogenesis and from cuttings that were used as control. The evaluations were carried out seven months after planting in cane plant and first shoot and the variables evaluated were stem height, stem diameter, number of stems per seedlings, number of active leaves per stem and Brix. Besides, morphological characteristics were described. Plants out of type were not found in the evaluated populations. The results demonstrated that the plant regeneration pathway significantly influences the development of plants under field conditions. The propagation of sugarcane plants cv. 'C87-51' by somatic embryogenesis in liquid culture medium only induces phenotypic changes in field associated with in vitro rejuvenation similar to those previously reported for plants obtained by organogenesis. Therefore, it can be used as a method of mass propagation of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Bambusa represents one of the largest renewable natural resources. Due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties, resistance to insect attacks, beauty and diversity of applications it is a valuable economic alternative that has helped to mitigate the social problems of the countryside in Cuba. Traditional bamboo propagation is affected by long intervals of flowering, the limited stock of plant material, the low percentages of rooting and the limited existence of propagules. These elements are handicaps for mass propagation of bamboos. For these reasons, tissue culture techniques are fast and reliable for the propagation of bamboo through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. However, there is still a gap in the various constraints affecting in vitro propagation of bamboos such as microbial contamination in the establishment phase, low multiplication rates and rooting, as well as low rates of ex vitro survival. The aim of this study was to state generally the main scientific observations on the use of tissue culture techniques for in vitro propagation of several bamboo species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl. is a bamboo species of great economic importance. Developing protocols for propagation via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis would be an efficient alternative to propagate this species since it adapts well to the soil and climatic conditions of Cuba. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of different concentrations of 6-BAP (1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg·l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1.0 mg·l-1) on B. vulgaris in vitro multiplication. Number of shoots and leaves per explant were quantified. Also, height of plants was measured on the twentieth day of culture. Multiplication of Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris in liquid culture medium with BAP was achieved. Combination of BAP and NAA in the culture medium was not effective for this purpose. The result solves one of the main limitations to use biotechnology techniques on this crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vitro propagation of Dendrocalamus strictus (Rosb.) Nees is necessary. This type of plant is very important for the manufacture of furniture, construction of fences and buildings, for the paper industry, manufacturing of agricultural and musical instruments, elaboration of drugs, to provide their leaves as fodder for livestock, and reforestation. The development of protocols for regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is an efficient alternative to propagate this species. Cuba conditions are suited for this purpose. The effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg·l-1) and kinetin (0.5, 1.0 mg·l-1) was determined in order to form calluses in vitro from seeds of D. strictus. Results showed that in vitro callus formation from seeds of Dendrocalamus strictus (Rosb.) Nees treatment was achieved using 2,4-D and kinetin at a concentration of 1.0 mg·l-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The somatic embryogenesis propagation technique and tool for the genetic improvement in sugar cane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) has presented multiple inconveniences that the regeneration protocols described in the literature have not been able to solve. The present research was carried out with the objective of developing a new methodology for the establishment of cell suspensions of sugar cane, var. C 87-51, through somatic embryogenesis based on segments of the sheath of the leaves of in vitro plants, placed directly in a liquid culture medium. The results demonstrated that it is possible to form callus with embryogenic structures based on segment two of the sheath of the leaves which reduces the time of culture in vitro and guarantees the physiologic and phytosanitary quality of the plants that are regenerated. Homogeneous lines of cellular suspensions formed by embryogenic aggregates were established based on callus with embryogenic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation had as objective to obtain plants of plantain hybrid cultivar 'FHIA-21' (Musa AAAB) from embryogenic cell lines. For this study cell lines of callus were established with embryogenic structures formed of immature male flowers. The results showed differences among the lines during the phase of multiplication of the embryogenic cell suspension. The same ones were showed in the cellular growth. The vitality of the embryogenic cluster cells oscillated between 99.7 and 100% without statistic differences among the studied lines. The influence of the cell line was observed in the germination of the somatic embryos, the cell line number two presented the biggest number of germinated embryos. When concluding the experiments a total of 8 230 plants of the studied cell lines were obtained. These cell lines adapted to ex vitro conditions at greenhouse with high percentages of survival and some phenotypic changes were observed in less than 1.0% of the total of plants. The necessity of keeping in mind the factor cell line for the obtaining of plants of cultivar hybrid 'FHIA 21' by somatic embryogenesis was proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]