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Neural network refers to an algorithmic mathematical model that imitates the behavioral characteristics of animal neural networks and performs distributed information processing. This kind of network depends on the complexity of the system and needs to adjust the internal node relationship, so as to achieve the purpose of processing information. With the continuous development of the economy, the transportation problem needs to be solved urgently, and the urban subway has emerged at the historic moment. The subway is a fast, large-capacity, electric-driven rail transit built in the city. The advantages of the subway provide conditions for the mitigation of urban traffic, due to the large number of cars, traffic jams, frequent accidents, and serious environmental pollution. In the city center, there are more cars and less space, and the parking lot is not commensurate with the number of cars, making parking difficult. This paper aims to study the intelligent performance evaluation of urban subway PPP projects based on deep neural network models. The subway project has a large investment, a long period, and a wide range, but the development time of the subway in China is relatively short. In order to promote the stable progress of subway projects, it is very necessary to conduct intelligent performance evaluation on subway projects. This paper compares and analyzes the basic characteristics of the PPP model and verifies the applicability and necessity of the PPP model in urban subway transportation projects. Through the investigation of relevant literature, this article puts forward the research content of the social impact assessment of subway projects. The experimental results of this paper show that, from the perspective of whether it is necessary to evaluate the performance of PPP projects, 65% of people think it is very necessary, and 22% think it is more necessary. 3% of people think it is unnecessary, and 10% of people hold an indifferent attitude. These data show that the intelligent performance evaluation of urban subway PPP projects has exploratory significance for urban infrastructure design and construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to discuss how transnational universities create negative and positive social impacts on their host communities and what this means for campus sustainability and the expectation that universities contribute to sustainable development and to their local communities. Design/methodology/approach: Using mixed methods, a multiple case study approach and qualitative meta-analysis, this study considers six transnational university campuses in China in terms of their relationship with local communities. Findings: Because of the good reputation of universities generally, local residents tended to accord a social licence to operate (i.e. approval) to new university campuses. However, universities generally do not manage their social impacts, as well as many other industries and generally fail to consider the corporate social responsibility issues and the environmental, social and governance aspects of their activities. To improve their social licence to operate and grow and to meet expectations around "university social responsibility", campus developments should observe key international principles and human rights standards: full disclosure of information; effective community engagement; appropriate resettlement and livelihood restoration; effective harm reduction procedures; provision of local benefits (benefit sharing); monitoring and adaptive management and implement a grievance redress mechanism. Originality/value: This paper encourages broader thinking about sustainability in a higher education context and about what university social responsibility entails. Specifically, this study argues that the relationship between universities and their host communities also needs to be considered, especially during campus construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a preliminary examination of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs)—limited to mobile phone and internet use—in contemporary China. Based on fieldwork undertaken since 2003 in Guangzhou and Beijing, the paper focuses on the relationship between society and technology in the Chinese cultural context. An analysis of the data on ICT use in China shows how Chinese cultural traits and the speed of the ICT evolution in China have combined to bring about a unique cyber experience. This analysis may be helpful to other scholars who wish to compare the impact of ICTs in various cultures or who are interested in discovering how Mainland China went ‘cyber’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Global Financial Crisis has brought eminent, negative economic and social impacts on China since late 2008, including a considerable decline in GDP growth and a rapid rise in unemployment. Drawing on the published literature and official statistical data, this paper examines the social consequences of the Global Financial Crisis in China, explores various policy initiatives taken by the Chinese government and assesses the effectiveness of these policy initiatives. It argues that the Global Financial Crisis has led to high levels of enterprise bankruptcy and job losses in China. Rural migrant workers and new university graduates are the two social groups most adversely affected. The economic stimulus package and expanded social programmes tend to be short term and economic oriented. Whether the policy initiatives have been effective in mitigating the social impacts of this crisis and correcting the structural imbalance of China's economy is unclear. The paper concludes by suggesting that a new policy approach should be taken to timely and effectively address the negative social impacts of the Global Financial Crisis on China, in particular by providing a more inclusive and comprehensive social safety net, prioritizing employment generation, and addressing housing deficits. 2008年底的国际金融危机为中国带来显著和负面的经济和社会影响，包括大幅度下降的国内生产总值增长和失业率激增。借鉴已出版的文献和官方的统计数据，本文探讨国际金融危机对中国的社会影响，探索中国政府所采取的各项政策措施，并评估其成效。文章认为国际金融危机导致大量的中国企业破产和职位流失；当中，农民工和应届大学毕业生成为最受影响的两大社群。可是，刺激经济计划和推动的社会项目往往是短期和经济取向的，这些政策措施是否能缓解这场危机的社会影响和扭转中国经济的结构性失衡仍未可知。文章的结论提出应该通过一套新的政策方针，及时有效地应对国际金融危机对中国的负面社会影响，尤其是提供一个更具包容性和全面的社会安全网、优先创造职位、以及解决住房短缺的问题。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In recent years, green building has become a social hotspot and raised much concern of academic. However, traditional researches of green building mostly focused on technology, while research on social and humanity demand on green residential districts is still scarce. To complement the gap of research and reality, this paper is intended to establish a quantitative evaluation method for social humanity needs of green residential districts based on social life cycle assessment (SLCA).Methods: Based on the SLCA method, an evaluation indicator system for social and humanity demand of green residential districts was proposed, considering different stakeholders (real estate developers, construction enterprises, community residents, and decision makers). Additionally, the adopted evaluation indicator system was applied to a practical community in China as a case study by questionnaire surveys and the method of analytic hierarchy process.Results and discussion: Case study results show that the residents prefer to pay more for a better living environment, and the real estate developers are willing to increase the investment moderately on the projects. Meanwhile, the local government likes to support the development of green residential districts, as well.Conclusions: Analysis results are in line with the social demand for high-quality living environment of Chinese residents and the public concern about buildings’ comprehensive benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restrictions on travel and quarantine on arrival are typical strategies imposed by public health authorities during pandemics. While much research has analyzed the consequences of policies about global public health emergencies including COVID-19, to date there has been little discussion of the social consequences of these policies. We undertook an exploratory study using qualitative research to understand the social impacts experienced by travelers as a result of the restriction policies implemented in China following its implementation of a zero-COVID policy. Using online sources and 40 interviews with quarantine hotel staff, government officials, and arrivees to China, we found that the people with a strong justification for travelling during the pandemic were significantly affected by the restrictions, resulting in them experiencing a wide range of negative social impacts, including on their: psychosocial health and wellbeing; family cohesion; social networks; the experience of unexpected and unpleasant circumstances; and a sense of persecution. These outcomes were partly a consequence of the characteristics of Chinese society and the returnees themselves, and were influenced by the government's COVID management strategies. With medical experts having dominated the battle against the virus, ordinary people's feelings and concerns were ignored. We argue that these also need to be understood and considered in the planning of public health strategies. To improve outcomes in future situations, much can be learned from the field of Social Impact Assessment (SIA), especially in terms of understanding how people are affected, and to achieve acceptance and a social licence for pandemic management strategies, the importance of meaningful community engagement, ongoing monitoring, adaptive management, and an effective grievance redress mechanism. Our paper enriches the understanding of SIA when applied in the policy arena, and it demonstrates the value of a SIA perspective for improving social outcomes in public health emergencies. It also adds to understanding the consequences of pandemics and restriction policies on people. • The concerns of arrivees have been ignored in management of the COVID pandemic. • Restriction policies have significantly affected people other than just travelers. • Although various elites dominate the battle against virus, people's feelings matter. • National policies should consider the unintended consequences of actions. • A Social Impact Assessment perspective helps analyze the social impacts of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As land conversion has led inevitably to socioeconomic dislocations in China, a variety of bottom-up reforms have been designed to mitigate and contain the resultant conflicts. This evolves the creation of a mechanism both to allow peasants to benefit from the increase of land value in the urbanisation process and also to redistribute interests to individual rural villagers. This paper focuses on on-going shareholding reforms which aim to clarify villagers' property rights under the current structure of collective ownership. Three cases best exemplify these issues: Wusha village in Guangdong, Qunyi village in Jiangsu and Daliushu village in Beijing. The comparison reveals divergent experiences of reform among landless farmers and how the adoption of property rights reforms has restructured the concept and organisation of rural collectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsequently, with the recent wave of industrialization, China has become the “factory” of the globalized world. The modernization of this country, however, is not confined to the provision of production at a low added value: It also entails technological appropriation and innovation. In particular, China represents the biggest world market for mobile phones and will soon dominate the Internet market. In this country, the total number of mobile and fixed-line subscribers exceeds 750 million, and the total number of Internet users is more than 162 million. The present study focuses on how, after a decade of mobile phone use, the inhabitants of Beijing evaluate the changes in the social and communicative sphere as a result of the introduction of the mobile phone. In this paper, we present some results of a quantitative research, specifically focused on mobile communication. Based on face-to-face questionnaires administered to a convenient sample of 487 respondents, this study addresses the following research questions: After a decade of mobile phone use, how do Chinese people perceive the importance of this device? To what extent do the adoption and use of mobile phones increase or decrease social connectivity in contemporary China? To what extent does the use of mobile phones in everyday life enhance or reduce the communications – do they make you feel closer to or more distant from other people? What are the variables that predict users’ attitudes toward mobile phones in China? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is widely used in the field of international evaluation, but its application in China has been limited. Based on the dual requirements of developing the economy and maintaining stability, social stability risk assessment (SSRA) systems have come into being in China at a historic moment. Starting from the similarities and differences between SIA and SSRA, this paper reviews the influencing factors, sources, evaluation methods, existing problems and suggestions of SSRA in major decision-making, policy, reform and construction projects. On this basis, considering Wudongde hydropower station as an example, the social stability risk of land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) is assessed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) methods. The research shows that relying solely on SIA or SSRA makes it difficult to meet the social risk management requirements of major matters. SIA should be identified as a necessary link, and SSRA content should be embedded in SIA to achieve effective integration of the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Innovate the "structural response sensitivity weight" interdisciplinary model. • Breakthrough in research on super statically indeterminate microscopic lattice. • Assessing 100 years of sustainability data for China's construction industry. • Provides a paradigm for United Nations and regional assessments. Sustainability research in the construction industry is of great strategic significance to the ecological environment of countries worldwide. This paper innovates theoretical models such as "structural response sensitivity weight" through interdisciplinary research on advanced mathematics, engineering science, computer science, environmental management and economic sociology. The model solves the limitations of multi-factor, multi-discrete, multi-constraint and low coupling iteration accuracy. The article shows the robustness of the model through case studies. The research data shows that the construction industry in China will reach its highest life cycle assessment emission peak of 2.73 GT in 2030 and will have harmful emissions of -2.78 GT between 2061 and 2098. The social impact assessment will peak at 4.26 GT in 2048 and harmful emissions of −3.75 GT per year from 2061 to 2098. This research provides a comprehensive research theory system and reference standards for scientific calculation and accurate assessment of the sustainable development of the construction industry in various countries around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mondragon is the largest business group in the Basque Country, the tenth largest in Spain and the largest in the social economy. In recent years, Mondragon has been seeking to adapt to a new context of increasingly complex and global markets. One result of this process of adaptation has been the full entry of Mondragón itself into the global economy in general, and, in particular, the international expansion of its manufacturing activities. This paper is the result of a wider study that developed an analytical tool for the evaluation of socio-economic impact which has been applied to Mondragon enterprises in risk countries identified as target markets. It combines two kinds of measurement: firstly, the economic impact of these firms' manufacturing activities through Input-Output tables (Leontief, 1970), and, secondly, the alignment of different economic, environmental and sociallyresponsible policies and practices with their core business strategies (Porter y Kramer, 2006). This paper presents the case of Orkli S.Coop in Kunshan, China, following fieldwork that took place in June 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Affordable housing projects are becoming increasingly important in China, and they have remarkable social impacts. Yet, there is lack of appropriate methodologies for ex-post assessment of those social impacts. This knowledge gap will be filled in by this paper through proposing a new methodology, containing 24 assessment indicators in 3 categories, i.e. socio- economic effects (SE), mutual adaptabilities (MA) and social risks (SR). Considering inter- relationships among categories and indicators, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method is adopted to determine the respective weight of each category and indicator, followed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation–based assessment model. Then, the proposed methodology is exemplified with an affordable housing project in Nanjing city of Eastern China. The results show that the project has produced quite positive social impacts, and reveal the improvement directions at category level, where SE should be the emphasis and SR has the largest potentiality. At indicator level, reducing crime cases around the studied project, providing better communication and water supply facilities of the studied project and improving the outbound public transport of the studied project are pressing issues. Finally, this paper is concluded with possible future works. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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China is the largest emitter of carbon emissions in the world. In this paper, we present an Integrated Model of Economy and Climate (IMEC), an optimization model based on the input-output model. The model is designed to assess the tradeoff between emission deceleration and economic growth. Given that China's projected average growth rate will exceed 5% over the next two decades, we find that China may reach its peak CO 2 emissions levels by 2026. According to this scenario, China's carbon emissions will peak at 11.20 Gt in 2026 and will then decline to 10.84 Gt in 2030. Accordingly, approximately 22 Gt of CO 2 will be removed from 2015 to 2035 relative to the scenario wherein China's CO 2 emissions peak in 2030. While this earlier peaking of carbon emissions will result in a decline in China's GDP, several sectors, such as Machinery and Education, will benefit. In order to reach peak CO 2 emissions by 2026, China needs to reduce its annual GDP growth rate to less than 4.5% by 2030 and decrease energy and carbon intensity levels by 43% and 45%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sponge city (SPC) is currently being promoted as an initiative under the principle of sustainable development to solve the urban water crisis across China. Moreover, with the introduction of the public-private partnerships (PPPs) in SPC development, the public's concern regarding SPC PPPs has increased in terms of their more sophisticated outcomes and greater social impacts than general urban development. Thus, to develop an effective set of SIA key indicators for SPC PPPs, this study uses social impact theory (SIT) to explore in greater detail the influencing mechanism for the social impact assessment (SIA) conceptual model proposed in the authors' previous studies. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to examine whether the hypothesized relationships in the influencing mechanism fit the empirical data and to further consolidate the SIA key indicators. Based on a survey questionnaire and CFA results, a verified and refined SIA framework using 23 key indicators and five corresponding dimensions was proposed, particularly within the context of SPC PPPs. Implications generated from the CFA were discussed to improve the comprehensive performance of sponge city PPPs. These 23 key indicators and the clarification of their relationships to the respective SIA dimensions and to the overall SIA results can be a useful tool for enhancing the social benefits of SPC PPPs. Moreover, this study also provides governments with insights into enabling the low-impact and sustainable development of infrastructure within urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sustainable development for human well-being considers food security and ecological health as well as people's socio-economic conditions. Nowadays, most of the holistic assessments of agricultural sustainability, mainly focus on food production and ecological consequences, relatively lacking analysis from the socio-economic perspective. In this context, this study constructs an agricultural social life cycle assessment model based on the guidelines of UNEP to assess the social and economic impacts on the three major staple grain crops in China, including maize, rice and wheat. The assessment model aims to analyze effects of stakeholders containing farmer, agricultural value chain actors, consumer, rural areas, society, and impact categories including high-quality growth of agriculture, a comfortable life in rural areas, the prosperity of rural people. The data is mainly from national statistical databases and representative industry databases. The impact assessment adopts social risk and social impact as quantitative characterization methods, and Analytical Hierarchical Process to obtain weights. The results show that: among the three major grain crops, farmers are the most important factors for stakeholders, and agricultural industrial development has the greatest potential negative impacts on society; maize has the most positive impacts on agricultural sustainable development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the five practical strategies that has been used by the Rural Education Action Project (REAP) in maximising the effectiveness of its impact evaluation. It says that REAP is an impact evaluation organisation which has a goal of informing sound education, health and nutrition policy in China. It also mentions the lessons learned and recommendations for a better impact evaluation which include emphasis on empiricism, leveraging local expertise, and effective communication.

This paper applies the tool of social impact assessment (SIA) to understand the effects of large dam projects on human communities. We draw upon data from two recent SIA projects: the Lesotho Highlands Water Project in Southern Africa, and the Manwan Dam, located on the upper Mekong River in southwestern China. These two cases allow us to examine the social impacts of large dam projects through time and across various geographical scales. We focus on a range of social impacts common to many large-scale dam projects, including: the migration and resettlement of people near the dam sites; changes in the rural economy and employment structure; effects on infrastructure and housing; impacts on non-material or cultural aspects of life; and impacts on community health and gender relations. By identifying potential impacts in advance of a large dam project, agencies and policymakers can make better decisions about which interventions should be undertaken, and how. We conclude our analysis with an overview of lessons learned from the case studies and suggestions for best practice in assessing the social impacts of large dams. Conducting proper social impact assessments can help to promote development strategies that address the most important concerns for local populations, enhancing the long-term sustainability of dam projects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study examines the current prospects for and obstacles facing the implementation of social impact assessment (SIA) and participatory planning in the People''s Republic of China. During the past two decades, rapid urbanisation and the conversion of rural land for urban development have led to numerous social conflicts and tensions between the Chinese government and its people. SIA and public participation in development decisions have received increasing attention from the Chinese authorities as possible ways to tackle the problem. Based on a Guangzhou case study, this paper argues that the assessment and mitigation of adverse impacts on the community from urban development have been carried out with different objectives, core values and principles when compared with those in Western societies. It concludes that the poor prospects of SIA and collaborative planning in China lie not only in the weak framework for environmental legislation, but also in all institutions concerning state–society relations, the socialist governing ideology and traditional Chinese culture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

International development institutions have a long history of projects gone awry with unfulfilled promises. Their failure to recognize and integrate the local contextual details and to learn from mistakes are primary reasons why they typically fall short of projected goals. In this paper we take an ethnographic approach to a case study of a rural energy project in an urbanizing village in Northeast China. We present our findings from a social, economic and environmental impact assessment (SEEIA) of the project and show how cultural conflicts, institutional manipulation and false reporting functioned to eclipse SEEIA findings and preclude the chance for project success. Failure is bound to repeat itself in the absence of accountability to intended beneficiaries and stakeholders, and in the perpetuation of apolitical pretense in the institutional structure of the international development industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social development practitioners often think of their tools as neutral and universal. This is a misconception. The project preparation tools promoted by social development specialists in international financial institutions and allied agencies are culturally embedded, reflecting a specific set of Western values including equality, openness, and direct action. Uncritical application of these tools and approaches often results in political and social resistance which can curtail their intended benefits and further marginalize vulnerable groups. This paper discusses the political context of social assessment and suggests some corrective approaches for practitioners in the field of international social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Changchun-Jilin-Tumen economic area is the center of the Old Northeastern Industrial Base with substantial mineral resource in Northeast China. Historical mining exploitation has caused extensive impact on environment. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the impact induced by mining activities in 106 mining sites and then find out the most significant factors contributing to the environmental damage. The affected environment components were divided into fifteen impacting factors, and environmental assessment was performed by using developed Folchi methods which was combined with adaptive Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neural network (TSFNN). Correspondence analysis was adopted to explore the effects of the impacting factor on mining environment. Through the comparison with Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process, 96.23 % of evaluation results are the same. Our results showed that TSFNN model can effectively assess impacts of mining exploitation in three categories: slight, moderate, and heavy. The assessment result shows that 64.15 % mining sites are moderately damaged, while 7.5 % are heavily damaged. For all factors studied, environmental geological problem is the dominant factor in Environmental Impact Assessment, accounting for 56.67 % of the weight-wise including geological disasters, environmental pollution, and resources destruction. The anthropic factor exerts a more considerable influence on environment than natural factor. With mining exploitation, geological disaster is the main threat to the mountains in southeast, but environmental pollution and resources destruction are the main threats to the central plains. The assessment and analysis results can provide useful insights in the decision-making process for national authorities in the prioritization of environmental remediation and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfacing in the United States in the mid 20th century with the booming of the economy and the improvement of people's lives, pop culture became a widespread research phenomenon. Some researchers focused on the study of the relation of pop culture to communication technologies. Some critiqued pop culture as American culture and then proposed critical theories, such as the Frankfurt School theorists. Some explored the effect of pop culture on society from a psychological and sociological aspect. Or others inspired by the term "semiotics" in linguistics studied pop culture by adopting semiotic approaches. Based on the correlation between cultural studies and education, this article adopts a poststructuralist approach to evaluate the influences of pop culture on youth in schools. An examination of the influence of pop culture on school youth in China and the challenges of the impact of pop culture in pedagogy will be discussed. Lastly, Henry Giroux's emphasis on cultural studies and pedagogy and Paulo Freire's "dialogue education" will be drawn upon as possible recommendations for traditional pedagogy in China's schools today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2005, Chinese President Hu Jintao instituted a “Harmonious Society” policy marking a new China’s approach toward development. This generated intense excitement among observers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) who perceive an overlap in objectives between CSR and Harmonious Society and believe that Harmonious Society will lead to increased CSR engagement in China. However, there is little exploration of how Harmonious Society will contribute to increasing CSR engagement. This article seeks to explore whether Harmonious Society will meet this promise. It does so by drawing up a list of actions that if taken by the government would increase the level of CSR in China and make Harmonious Society a relevant factor in the development of Chinese CSR. To do so, my article studies comparative literature on CSR development to develop a framework that divides causes of CSR in a country into environmental constraints and discretionary responses. Understanding what drives the development of CSR allows us to understand what measures the Chinese government can take to influence the level of CSR. Using this framework, my article suggests that Harmonious Society is unlikely to promote CSR in China’s growing private sector because policy measures that affect the “constraints” driving CSR are bounded by other political considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the standard of English proficiency is rising in China, using English in conversations with Chinese host nationals may be difficult. Therefore, proficiency in the Chinese language may promote the adjustment of foreign business expatriates in China. To test this proposition, a mail survey was directed to Western business expatriates assigned to China. Controlling for the time expatriates had spent in China, results showed that their language ability had a positive association with their sociocultural adjustment. Not surprisingly, this positive relationship was strongest for interaction adjustment and weakest for work adjustment. The straightforward implications of these clear findings are discussed in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared parking schemes are not commonly implemented in residential areas due to the uncertainty and conflicts associated with the benefits of such schemes for stakeholders, namely, parking suppliers, parking managers, and the public. To evaluate the economic and social impacts of shared parking in residential areas on its stakeholders, the risk and benefit factors were determined through influential analysis and a questionnaire. A risk–benefit model was established to quantify the risks and benefits for stakeholders. The social return on investment and sensitivity analysis were applied to estimate the economic feasibility of shared parking in residential areas. The methodology combined the use of qualitative, quantitative, and financial information gathered and analyzed to estimate the "value" of shared parking, including its risks, benefits, management pressure, and social benefit. The model was calibrated using the survey data collected from the city of Ningbo in China. The results showed that: (1) The net present value was negative, indicating that the benefits of shared parking were lower than the risks, and thus this scheme would not be economically feasible in residential areas. (2) The cost of purchasing new equipment and rebuilding parking lots had the greatest impact on the benefits of shared parking in residential areas, with a sensitivity coefficient of 4.396, followed by the income from shared parking charges (3.885), and the salary of parking managers (3.619). (3) If the income from parking charges and the salary of parking managers were more than 69,408.5 and 31,091.1 yuan per month, respectively, and the cost of improving parking infrastructure was less than 14,003.2 yuan per month, residential areas could obtain additional benefits due to the acceptance of a shared parking scheme. This study provides theoretical support for the reasonable determination of the costs, risks, and benefits associated with participating in a shared parking scheme in a residential area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]