Search

Background: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the agent Histoplasma capsulatum. Its clinical manifestations depend on the inhaled fungal load and can vary from an asymptomatic infection (90%) to a disseminated disease, especially in HIV infections and a CD4 T lymphocyte count of less than 150 cells. Its initial symptoms are nonspecific, including fever, weight loss, dry cough, and chest pain. It spreads to other organs, with the skin being a rare site where lesions of wide polymorphism are observed. The disseminated form requires a high index of suspicion and must be differentiated from other common pathologies in patients with advanced HIV infection such as pulmonary tuberculosis. Clinic case: A 33-year-old male with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS C3, pulmonary tuberculosis and dermatosis of 9 months' evolution, with poor adherence to treatment who died of complications secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis. Conclusion: Histoplasmosis is a common opportunistic mycosis in patients with advanced HIV disease, especially in endemic areas, so it's recommended to start an early diagnostic protocol and raise awareness of the importance of adherence to treatment, due to the rapid progression of the disseminated variant and its high mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The human immunodeficiency virus is one of the main health problems worldwide. It is recognized as a multifactorial phenomenon, where public policies regarding prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment are key. The objective of this study is to describe the advances in public policies and epidemiological surveillance related to the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in Ecuador. Important steps are evident in relation to political commitment and social responsibility to stop the injuries of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, and sexually transmitted infections, based on strategies focused on prevention, as well as prophylactic, antiretroviral, and treatment patient follow-up. Some projects have been implemented aimed at fulfilling what was agreed in the United Nations declaration, and within the framework of the national development plan. Difficulties persist related to access to virus diagnosis and follow-up tests, mainly due to the concentration of these in a single institution.

Fundamento: la seropositividad al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana representa en la actualidad un serio problema de salud, debido a su alcance y trascendencia mundial. En Cuba las capitales provinciales registran mayores tasas de incidencia con respecto al resto de los municipios.Objetivo: caracterizar epidemiológicamente los casos seropositivos al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, en el municipio de Cienfuegos, en el periodo comprendido entre 2017 al 2021. El universo estuvo constituido por 134 pacientes. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, orientación sexual, áreas de salud y grupo de pesquisa. Para el análisis de la información, se utilizaron medidas de resumen para variables cuantitativas (porcentajes y tasas).Resultados: las áreas de salud III y VI fueron las de mayores tasas. Predominó el grupo etario de 25-34 años, y el sexo masculino representó el 79,9 % del total. Según la orientación sexual, los homosexuales ocuparon el 58,2 %, y el 32,1 % pertenecieron al grupo de pesquisa captados.Conclusiones: los casos seropositivos al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana descendieron de manera significativa en el último quinquenio, donde los pacientes en edad de la adultez joven fueron los más afectados, así como los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres.

Foundation: infection by human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS is considered the most fearsome of sexually transmitted infections. The studies related to the subject allow the approach to the different contexts and populations affected by this disease.Objective: to determine the behavior of morbidity and mortality related to the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS.Methods: a retrospective descriptive study was carried out in the Nuevitas municipality, from 1993 to 2021, which included 92 patients diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. The data were taken from the case registry of the Municipal Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit, and from individual epidemiological histories. The analyzed variables: year of diagnosis, age groups, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, way of detecting the disease and evolution.Results: an upward trend of cases was observed until December 2021. The most numerous age group was 20-24 years old, and the male sex predominated. At the disease time of diagnosis, the marital status of single prevailed, as well as the homosexual sexual orientation.Conclusions: in general, there was a tendency to increase the number of infected patients, mainly young single men, homosexuals; in addition, seropositives prevailed.

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foundation: Seropositivity to the human immunodeficiency virus currently represents a serious health problem, due to its scope and global significance. In Cuba, the provincial capitals register higher incidence rates compared to the rest of the municipalities. Objective: to epidemiologically characterize the seropositive cases to the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: a descriptive and retrospective study was carried out in the Cienfuegos municipality, between 2017 and 2021. The universe of 134 patients. The analyzed variables were: age, sex, level of education, sexual orientation, health areas and research group. For the analysis of the information, summary measures for quantitative variables (percentages and rates) were used. Results: health areas III and VI had the highest rates. The age group of 25-34 years predominated, and the male sex represented 79.9% of the total. According to sexual orientation, homosexuals occupied 58.2%, and 32.1% belonged to the research group captured. Conclusions: seropositive cases to the human immunodeficiency virus decreased significantly in the last five years, where patients of young adulthood were the most affected, as well as men who have sex with other men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Comprender la vivencia del cuidado brindado a la persona que vive con VIH/SIDA durante la formación de pregrado en enfermería. Materiales y método: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico hermenéutico, en el que participaron 10 estudiantes del Programa de Enfermería. La información fue recolectada mediante entrevista semiestructurada, y el análisis siguió los planteamientos de Van Manen. Resultados: Emergieron 35 unidades de significado organizados en los siguientes 6 temas fenomenológicos: Construcciones sociales sobre el VIH/SIDA; Conocimientos sobre el VIH/SIDA; Espacios académicos para el aprendizaje teórico del VIH/SIDA; Vivencias relacionadas con el cuidado de la persona con VIH/SIDA durante las prácticas formativas; Sentimientos y emociones relacionados con el cuidado y atención al paciente con VIH/SIDA y Propuestas para el fomento de la sensibilización social y académica del cuidado en VIH/SIDA. Conclusiones: La vivencia del cuidado en VIH/SIDA, significa para los estudiantes un ejercicio de confrontación individual y colectiva frente a la deslegitimación de principios y convicciones transgeneracionales de la enfermedad, esboza además la necesidad imperante de consolidar escenarios educativos teórico-prácticos intra y extracurriculares para el abordaje del VIH, que contribuyan favorablemente en el ejercicio profesional de cuidado.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus infection represents a public health public problem in the world. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is necessary to achieve a state of maximum viral suppression and decrease the rate of opportunistic infections. However, there are several factors that can influence therapeutic adherence. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: A study with an observational, analytical, case-control type design was used. The sample size was 276, from which 138 were cases and 138 controls. The collected data was analyzed using methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The multivariate analysis determined a statistically significant association between the variable adherence to antiretroviral treatment and the variables depression (adjusted Odds Ratio -OR-= 2.15), alternative antiretroviral therapy scheme (adjusted OR= 2.40), side effects (adjusted OR= 4.24), and change in adherence during the state of emergency (adjusted OR= 5.67) independently of the other intervening variables. Conclusions: Depression, the use of alternative antiretroviral therapy regimens, the presence of side effects to antiretroviral therapy, and the change in adherence during the state of emergency increase the risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

Objective. To analyze the changes in the burden of HIV disease in the period 1990-2017, in contrast to the intervention policies and programs implemented for its prevention and control. Materials and methods. A timeline of policies and interventions in Mexico was developed and with JoinPoint regression models, we analyzed their possible relationship with significant changes in trends in the burden of HIV disease. Results. Changes in the burden of disease are related to the universalization of access to antiretroviral drugs (ARV), comprehensive care programs, and the fight against stigma and discrimination. In the period analyzed, there is a decrease in mortality related to universal and free access to ARVs. The magnitude of the changes tends to be greater in men than in women. Conclusions. The policies and programs implemented to treat people with HIV/AIDS in Mexico were integrated into increasingly cohesive and effective strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to identify and map the scientific literature on the reasons for treatment non-adherence or abandonment among adolescents and young individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Materials and method: a scoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) strategy for the presentation of data referring to the reasons for treatment non-adherence or abandonment among adolescents and young people living with HIV/AIDS. Seven information sources were used to search for the articles, namely: Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, BDEnf, Scopus, and Embase, without a time frame and with the following search strategy: “patient dropouts” OR “abandonment” OR “lack of medication adherence” AND “adolescent” OR “young adult” AND “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome” OR “HIV” AND “antiretroviral therapy highly active” OR “medication adherence.” Results: eight articles were included in the study, contemplating the reasons for treatment non-adherence or abandonment, which were related to access to health services, sociodemographic, structural, psychosocial and behavioral conditions, and factors associated with the disease or the medication. Conclusions: the findings of this study evidenced how vulnerable adolescents and young people are to the issues inherent to HIV/AIDS treatment and that several reasons can influence its non-adherence or abandonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al abandono de la terapia antirretroviral entre adolescentes y jóvenes que vivían con VIH/sida durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio de casos y controles realizado entre 2020 y 2021 en Maringá, Paraná. Los casos fueron: adolescentes y jóvenes (10 a 24 años) diagnosticados con VIH/sida y que abandonaron el tratamiento, mientras que el grupo de controles fue compuesto por personas con características sociodemográficas semejantes, diagnosticadas con VIH/sida, sin historia de abandono del tratamiento. El emparejamiento de casos y controles se hizo por conveniencia, con cuatro controles por cada caso. El instrumento de investigación presentó variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, entre otras y la asociación con el abandono del tratamiento se analizó por regresión logística. Resultados: se incluyeron 27 casos y 109 controles en el estudio (proporción 1/4). La variable asociada con mayor probabilidad de abandono fue la edad próxima a 22,8 años (ORaj:1,47; IC 95%:1,07-2,13; p=0,024). El uso esporádico del preservativo (ORaj:0,22; IC 95%:0,07-0,59; p=0,003) y padecer una infección oportunista (OR:0,31; IC 95%:0,10-0,90; p=0,030) fueron factores protectores. Conclusión: la edad próxima a los 23 años en la última visita se asoció al abandono de la terapia antirretroviral. La presencia de infección oportunista y el uso de preservativos son factores determinantes para la continuidad del tratamiento durante el COVID-19.

Objetivo: adaptar y validar un instrumento para evaluar barreras a la adherencia antirretroviral en personas que conviven con el vih en Córdoba (Argentina). Materiales y métodos: la muestra final incluyó 180 participantes argentinos. La media de edad fue de 40.61 (de = 12.032) y el 82.8 % fueron hombres. Sobre la muestra (n = 180) se efectuaron estudios de estructura interna, confiabilidad y validez con otras variables. Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmatorio arrojó resultados congruentes con la estructura factorial del estudio original, aunque para ello fue necesario eliminar ciertos ítems que presentaban bajas cargas factoriales y que pueden ser representados por otros ítems, debido a información redundante. Se obtuvieron coeficientes ω = 0.833 en la subescala información; ω = 0.759 en la subescala motivación, y ω = 0.888 en la subescala habilidades comportamentales. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre los resultados de adherencia al tratamiento y barreras al tratamiento. Conclusión: aunque se requieren de mayores investigaciones, los resultados son promisorios, sugieren que el instrumento puede usarse para evaluar barreras de la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en Córdoba.

Introduction: Mortality from HIV/AIDS is one of the main indicators to monitor this public health problem. Objective: Analyze the changes in the trend in mortality and in the number of people infected with HIV/AIDS in Peru 2000-2021. Material and Methods: Ecological study based on open data on people living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2000-2021. Mortality rates were obtained from the Single National Health Information Repository. Data on new cases of HIV/AIDS were obtained from CDC Peru sources. A joinpoint regression analysis estimated trends using mean percentage change (APC); considering sex, life stages and regions, p values less than 0.05 being significant. Results: The general mortality trend had no significant changes (APC=-1.3 [95% CI: - 2.6; 0.1]); nine regions presented increasing mortality trends; mortality in women decreased (APC=-2.2 [95% CI: -3.7; -0.6]); an increasing trend was observed in adolescent mortality (APC=6.3 [95% CI: 2.3; 10.3]). An increasing trend was demonstrated in the number of people infected with HIV (APC=3.73 [95% CI: 2.6; 4.8]) and the trend of AIDS cases decreased from 2004 (APC=-2.54 [95% CI: -4.3; -0.7]). Conclusion: It was found that there are increasing trends in mortality from HIV/AIDS in adolescents and in a significant number of regions of the Peruvian highlands, being a key priority to deepen the management and approach of these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the access of women living with HIV to health care services. Method: qualitative, participant research, mediated by interview and observation with 14 women in the health services of a city in southern Brazil. Content analysis was developed, based on the theoretical categories of the structural and procedural elements of access according to Starfield. Results: the access of women living with HIV to Specialized Services and Primary Health Care occurred at the woman's own initiative. The link occurred mainly in the specialized service that best embraced and met their needs, regardless of the psychosocial relationships established, waiting time for care and geographic location of health services. Final considerations: several factors interfere positively or negatively in women's access to health policy, highlighting the lack of efficient communication between professionals from different services, which affects women's access to information and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS continues to be a health problem despite the reduction in its incidence rates.Objective: to describe the behavior of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in the Cienfuegos province from 2014 to 2019.Methods: a descriptive study was carried out, 556 patients were studied and diagnosed with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Chronological series of cases were used and the variables incidence, prevalence, age, sex, accessibility to antiretroviral treatment and mother-to-child transmission were analyzed. Rates and percentages were also calculated.Results: patients from 25 to 49 years of age predominated, who represented 67%. A downward trend was observed in the incidence rates of the disease in the province. At the end of 2019, 98.2% of patients were under antiretroviral treatment. No mother-to-child transmission was reported in the study period.Conclusion: The study carried out evidenced the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS epidemic in the Cienfuegos province during the study period, which showed a tendency to reduce its incidence rates, as well as guaranteed access to antiretroviral treatment, which, together with care protocols, has made it possible to eliminate mother-to-child transmission.

Introduction: adherence to antiretroviral therapy has increased the quality of life and reduced mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS. Objective: to characterize adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV/AIDS belonging to the "Pedro Borras Astorga" Polyclinic of Pinar del Río municipality, January to December 2018. Method: a descriptive and transversal observational study was carried out, the universe was constituted by 48 patients with HIV/AIDS under ART. The information was obtained by documentary review of medical records, epidemiological surveys and computerized HIV registry of MINSAP. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were selected to characterize the patients according to adherence criteria and to identify factors associated with ART. Absolute frequencies, percentages, OR, Spearman's correlation and chi-square were used for data processing and analysis. Results: there was a higher percentage of non-adherent patients, factors such as: older age, male sex, being single, homosexual, higher school level, middle technical and workers, longer time of diagnosis, CD4 > 350 cell/ml, viral load< 1000 copies, stage 2 of the disease and first line of ART, characterized adherence to ART. Conclusions: in this research there is a predominance of HIV/AIDS patients not adherent to antiretroviral therapy, identifying as factors statistically associated to adequate adherence: compliance with antiretroviral treatment, homosexual sexual preference, higher school level, adequate immunological and virological status. Optimizing adherence to ART is essential to ensure treatment efficacy and improve the quality of life of patients.

Introducción: el revelar el estado serológico supone una estrategia de reducción de riesgo. Con esta investigación se busca promover políticas y acciones que permitan la prevalencia de la serodiscordancia entre las parejas que viven con VIH. Objetivo: determinar las creencias, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre el VIH que tienen las parejas serodiscordantes que acuden al SAI Cinco Casas durante el período abril–junio 2021 y promover la serodiscordancia. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, que incluyó datos obtenidos a través de fuentes primarias y secundarias. Resultados: las respuestas correctas no superaron el 68 % en ningún grupo. Las creencias sobre la cura del VIH/SIDA difieren significativamente entre grupos. Un 57.6 % de la muestra afirma usar preservativos; solo un 55.3 % usa protección siempre. Entre las prácticas más empleadas para mantener la serodiscordancia encontramos la adherencia al tratamiento (>57 %). Conclusiones: los pacientes seropositivos conocen más las ventajas de una carga viral indetectable que los pacientes seronegativos incluidos en el estudio. El grupo seropositivo posee ideas y creencias más optimistas. Las actitudes al momento del diagnóstico fueron generalmente positivas, pero un porcentaje importante deseó la muerte.

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esta nota presenta el proyecto de una investigación doctoral referida a la circulación e implementación de nuevas estrategias de prevención del VIH en Latinoamérica (Argentina-Brasil-México), en particular aquellas ligadas a la Profilaxis Pre-Exposición (PrEP). Para comprender de qué manera la PrEP devino una tecnología asequible, resulta necesario situar la condición crónica de salud que le dio lugar, el VIH y los discursos atenientes a su prevención. Se sostiene como hipótesis de trabajo que la PrEP es una estrategia biomédica de salud global, mediante la cual se evidencia la relación entre programas de intervención trasnacionales, inscripción gubernamental y experiencias subjetivas de los consumidores.

Copyright of INSPILIP. Revista Ecuatoriana de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion en Salud Pública is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDS continues to be a health problem despite the reduction in its incidence rates. Objective: to describe the behavior of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS in the Cienfuegos province from 2014 to 2019. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out, 556 patients were studied and diagnosed with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Chronological series of cases were used and the variables incidence, prevalence, age, sex, accessibility to antiretroviral treatment and mother-to-child transmission were analyzed. Rates and percentages were also calculated. Results: patients from 25 to 49 years of age predominated, who represented 67%. A downward trend was observed in the incidence rates of the disease in the province. At the end of 2019, 98.2% of patients were under antiretroviral treatment. No mother-to-child transmission was reported in the study period. Conclusion: The study carried out evidenced the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS epidemic in the Cienfuegos province during the study period, which showed a tendency to reduce its incidence rates, as well as guaranteed access to antiretroviral treatment, which, together with care protocols, has made it possible to eliminate mother-to-child transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Família, Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social (REFACS) is the property of Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciencias da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Salud UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: La disponibilidad de drogas con una alta pureza y un bajo costo, ha aumentado el consumo de sustancias por vía intravenosa; llevándolo a ser considerado como un problema de salud pública, por su asociación con la presencia de infección por VIH. Se estima que existen aproximadamente 16 millones de consumidores de drogas intravenosas en el mundo y en Colombia, 15.000. Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados con la infección por VIH en personas que se inyectan drogas. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado (diciembre 2017/ enero 2018) Medellín - Colombia, se utilizó la metodología Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Resultados: Fueron reclutados 224 participantes, un 86,2% fueron hombres, el 82,0% eran solteros, el (67,0%) pertenecía al régimen de salud subsidiado o vinculado. Con relación a la prevalencia de infección por VIH esta fue del 3,6%. Este estudio encontró que el 38,8% de los consumidores había compartido agujas y jeringas con hasta tres personas, lo cual representa una probabilidad de 5,07 veces de contraer la infección comparado con aquellos que no comparten (RPc= 5,07 CI95% 1,19-21,55), si esta práctica se hace con un amigo cercano dicha probabilidad aumenta a casi el doble 10,69 (RPc= 10,69 CI95% 2,26-50,61), (p

Objective: To build an evaluation predictive model of time between Human Immunodeficiency Virus diagnosis and first hospitalization. Methods: An epidemiological, descriptive, and retrospective study, with a sample of 200 medical records of people with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, monitored in a specialized service. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, the Weibull parametric model, and the Cox semi-parametric model. Results: There were significant differences in time between diagnosis and hospitalization regarding age, sexual orientation, therapy discontinuation records, and the number of medical and multidisciplinary consultations. The Weibull model presented the record of therapy discontinuity as a significant co-variable. In the Cox model, the occupation, alcohol and psychotropic use, T-CD4+ lymphocyte count, viral load, and psychiatric history variables were significant to explain the risk of hospitalization. Conclusion: It was possible to identify the risk and protection factors for the outcome hospitalization. The models also pointed out factors that influence the time between human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis and first hospitalization, and enabled an enriching discussion about the intrinsic aspects of health care for people living with the virus and the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the association that social, clinical and therapeutic factors and coexisting diseases have with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV/AIDS in 2018. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 117 people with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy at the Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión. The Questionnaire for the Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (CEAT-VIH) adapted for use in Peru was administered. The IBM SPSS Statistics V23 and logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Seventeen point one zero percent (17.10 %) of the patients did not adhere to the therapy and 82.90 % adhered to their prescribed treatment. The variables most likely to predict nonadherence were sex (OR = 16.175, p value = 0.023) and HIV/AIDSrelated comorbidities (OR = 9.556, p value = 0.003). The initial viral load variable (OR = 0.152, p value = 0.030) acts as a protector because there is a greater probability of treatment adherence. Conclusions: Male sex and HIV/AIDS-related comorbidities are associated with the nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. The initial viral load variable acts as a protector for treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To analyze the social representations of AIDS in people living with HIV who are attended at three municipal health centers. Descriptive, qualitative study, supported by the structural approach of the Theory of Social Representations. The scenarios were three Health Centers in Rio de Janeiro. 180 people living with HIV participated. Data collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and with the technique of free evocation of words to the inducing term aids. Sociodemographic data were organized in an Excel spreadsheet. Evocation analysis was performed using the EVOC software. The central nucleus was integrated by the elements disease-normal, fear, bad, normal life and death. The maximum tree points out the lexicons disease-normal and prejudice as an indication of centrality. It demonstrates the existence of a process of change being operated, with the consolidation of the possibility of living with the disease, through elements that characterize the adaptation to the evolution of the new context of the syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El trasplante renal es el tratamiento de elección en la enfermedad renal crónica terminal porque mejora la calidad de vida y la supervivencia de los pacientes al compararlo con la diálisis. Sin embargo, para mantener un injerto funcional y evitar el rechazo es necesario el uso de inmunosupresión potente durante toda la vida del injerto, lo cual puede tener como complicaciones una mayor susceptibilidad a presentar infecciones, desarrollo de cáncer, alteraciones metabólicas y problemas cardiovasculares. Los pacientes infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica terminal por múltiples causas. En el siglo pasado, el trasplante renal se consideraba contraindicado para estos pacientes. No obstante, hoy en día el trasplante renal se considera una opción terapéutica para pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados y con protocolos de manejo bien establecidos. Reportándose supervivencia reportadas del injerto y del paciente a tres años de 88,2 % y 82,6 % respectivamente. Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo revisar la experiencia mundial existente en el manejo de los pacientes trasplantados renal con infección por VIH.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis can be an early manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or be present at all stages of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic, clinical, dermatological, and histopathological characteristics of four patients with comorbidity of psoriasis and the infection with the HIV-AIDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective case series. From 1976 to 2016, 1473 records from the Laboratorio de Dermatopatología at Universidad de Antioquia in Medellin, Colombia, were cases of psoriasis. Four cases were diagnosed in patients infected with HIV/AIDS. Medical records and histological plaques were reviewed. RESULTS: The cases were men, aged 27 to 48 years (mean 35.25 ± 8.99). Three of them had moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris and AIDS, three received highly active antiretroviral therapy, and showed a CD4+ T-cell count below 200 cells/µL. Skin biopsies displayed hyaline thickening of the wall of the small blood vessels, prominent endothelium, hypertrophic nerve fillets, and perivascular and perineural edemas. These findings are particular for the concomitance psoriasis-HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: All patients were adult men, and the psoriasis vulgaris occurred in a severe phase of the disease caused by the HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivos. Evaluar la eficacia de una estrategia de envío de mensajes de texto (SMS) en la mejora de la asistencia a citas, adherencia al tratamiento y marcadores biológicos (carga viral y CD4) en pacientes continuadores con tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) que asistieron a destiempo a su última cita programada. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo aleatorizado controlado implementado en Vía Libre, una organización no gubernamental (ONG) que brinda servicios a personas viviendo con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en Lima. Se aleatorizaron 166 pacientes continuadores: 82 participantes recibieron SMS por seis meses y 84 participantes la atención estándar. Resultados. Los pacientes en el grupo de intervención, un 93,9% fueron hombres y tenían una mediana de 5,1 años en TARGA; en cambio en el grupo control, un 94,1% fueron hombres y una mediana de 5,3 años en TARGA. En el grupo de intervención, los pacientes asistieron con más frecuencia que aquellos en el grupo control a sus citas médicas programadas (RR=1,89; IC 95%: 1,21-2,97) en los seis meses de intervención. Al comparar el nivel de carga viral y el nivel de CD4 no se encontraron diferencias (p=0,930 y p=0,905, respectivamente). La adherencia al tratamiento medida por autorreporte fue mayor en el grupo de intervención (p0,001) Conclusiones. Los resultados en este estudio sugieren que el envío de SMS por seis meses puede mejorar la asistencia a citas y la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes continuadores en TARGA.

Introducción: aunque existe una mejoría significativa en la sobrevida consecuencia del impacto del tratamiento antirretroviral (TARV), numerosos estudios demuestran que existe una afectación de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS) en personas con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Objetivo: evaluar CVRS en personas con VIH y variables socio-demográficas y clínicas asociados, con énfasis en la adherencia al TARV. Método: estudio transversal de una muestra no probabilística de personas con VIH, mayores de 18 años, recibiendo TARV, asistidas en el subsector público en un período de 24 meses. Se aplicó la encuesta MOS-HIV SF30 (CVRS). Se aplicó el cuestionario SMAQ para evaluar adherencia. Resultados: se incluyeron 101 personas. El cuestionario MOS-HIV SF30 mostró fiabilidad y buena consistencia interna. El score global de CVRS fue 71,71±17,76. Fue peor el score global y en algunas dimensiones en pacientes con carga viral indetectable: funcionamiento físico, p=0,016; energía/fatiga, p=0,008; calidad de vida percibida, p=0,025. En mujeres el score fue peor en dolor, p=0,034; funcionamiento físico, p=0,006; funcionamiento social, p=0,031; salud mental, p=0,040. El score fue significativamente mejor en algunos dominios entre adherentes (salud general percibida, p=0,027; funcionamiento social, p=0,030); en varones gay/bisexuales (dolor, p=0,025; actividad diaria, p=0,028); entre quienes tuvieron relaciones sexuales en el último mes (salud general percibida, p=0,011). Conclusiones: El score global de CVRS fue bueno a pesar de ser una población con múltiples vulnerabilidades. Si bien la adherencia se relacionó a mejor percepción de CVRS en algunos dominios, no tuvo impacto en el score global. La carga viral indetectable no fue predictor de mejor CVRS, lo que reafirma que los parámetros biológicos aislados no dan cuenta de la complejidad de la salud percibida.

Cystoisospora belli is an intestinal Apicomplexan parasite associated with diarrheal illness and disseminated infections in humans, mainly immunocompromised individuals such as those living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An irregular administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients may increase the risk of opportunistic infections like cystoisosporiasis. We describe here a case of C. belli infection in a Colombian HIV patient with chronic gastrointestinal syndrome and poor adherence to HAART. His clinical and parasitological cure was achieved with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment. Although a reduction in the number of C. belli cases has been observed since the use of HAART, this parasite still has to be considered as a differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in HIV/AIDS patients. Effective interventions enhancing adherence to HAART should be included in HIV patient care programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Since the HIV was identified, more efficacious and safer treatments have been developed in order to ensure survival of people with the virus. The challenge to the health professionals is to improve the quality of life in relation to these patients’ health condition. Objective: To analyze the health-related quality of life in a sample of HIV patients from Buenos Aires (Argentina). Methods: It is a quantitative, cross.-sectional, analytical study conducted from January to March 2020. In total, 144 subjects took part in this study. Questionnaires SF-36 and Morisky-Green were applied. Results: Most of the sample consisted of male subjects, single, without children and with college education. The physical function evaluation reported the best values (92.19), while vitality showed the worse evaluation (61.42). The mental component was the most affected one. Female gender, low schooling, been older, having children and health complications were associated with a worse quality of life. Conclusions: It is quite important to implement actions intended to improve the treatment adherence among the patients and to encourage styles of life that favor their health. Likewise, health professional must approach these patients in a comprehensive way, considering the psychic, emotional, social and spiritual dimensions as a part of the healthcare. The quality of life must be taken as a follow-up indicator by the health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]