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Dental practice management is usually a mandatory course for both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. However, learners and educators may encounter challenges in gaining experiences in real-life dental practice. The concept of a gamified virtual tour could have potential to improve dental practice management skills. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the educational impact of a gamified virtual dental clinic (GVDC) on dental practice management skills among dental undergraduates (UG) and postgraduates (PG). All participants were assigned to complete the GVDC. Pre- and post-knowledge assessments were administered to evaluate knowledge acquisition. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to investigate user perceptions toward the use of GVDC. There were 20 dental undergraduates and 20 orthodontic residents participating in UG and PG groups, respectively. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in their assessment scores after completing the GVDC (P < 0.001). Although the pre-knowledge assessment score of the PG group was notably higher than that of the UG group (P = 0.041), there was no statistically significant difference in their post-knowledge assessment score (P = 0.491). Participants had positive perceptions of GVDC in terms of usefulness, ease of use, and enjoyment, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Overall, the GVDC demonstrated positive educational impacts on acquiring knowledge and understanding of dental practice management, with participants expressing favorable perceptions of this immersive learning intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the Hotelling game with sequential choice of prices, that is, the Stackelberg–Hotelling (SHOT) game. The game is studied through numerical simulation, which provides the subgame perfect equilibrium solution not only in the unrestricted game but also in the game with reservation cost and with elastic demand. The simulation technique is tested first in the unconstrained game, where the analytical subgame perfect equilibrium solution was already known. Then, the numerical procedure is generalized to cope with the SHOT game with reservation cost and with elastic demand. These enriched formulations of the SHOT game have not been studied so far, so this article provides an exploratory study of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of minimum differentiation stated by Hotelling in his pioneer paper was proved to be invalid 50 years later, since there is a region where the players are so close that Nash equilibrium does not exist. Some authors have contributed with amendments to the original game in the aim of ensuring the existence of Nash equilibrium independently of the location of the players. However, this work analyzes the less frequently studied case of the Hotelling game with close players under different implementations of the game, considering elastic and inelastic demand (conventional Hotelling game, the Hotelling game with reservation cost and Hotelling-Smithies game). The study is supported by means of numerical simulation of the game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While game-based learning has demonstrated positive outcomes for some learners, its efficacy remains variable. Adaptive scaffolding may improve performance and self-regulation during training by optimizing cognitive load. Informed by cognitive load theory, this study investigates whether adaptive scaffolding based on interaction trace data influences learning performance, self-regulation, cognitive load, test performance, and engagement in a medical emergency game. Methods: Sixty-two medical students from three Dutch universities played six game scenarios. They received either adaptive or nonadaptive scaffolding in a randomized double-blinded matched pairs yoked control design. During gameplay, we measured learning performance (accuracy, speed, systematicity), self-regulation (self-monitoring, help-seeking), and cognitive load. Test performance was assessed in a live scenario assessment at 2- and 6–12-week intervals. Engagement was measured after completing all game scenarios. Results: Surprisingly, the results unveiled no discernible differences between the groups experiencing adaptive and nonadaptive scaffolding. This finding is attributed to the unexpected alignment between the nonadaptive scaffolding and the needs of the participants in 64.9% of the scenarios, resulting in coincidentally tailored scaffolding. Exploratory analyses suggest that, compared to nontailored scaffolding, tailored scaffolding improved speed, reduced self-regulation, and lowered cognitive load. No differences in test performance or engagement were found. Discussion: Our results suggest adaptive scaffolding may enhance learning by optimizing cognitive load. These findings underscore the potential of adaptive scaffolding within GBL environments, cultivating a more tailored and effective learning experience. To leverage this potential effectively, researchers, educators, and developers are recommended to collaborate from the outset of designing adaptive GBL or computer-based simulation experiences. This collaborative approach facilitates the establishment of reliable performance indicators and enables the design of suitable, preferably real-time, scaffolding interventions. Future research should confirm the effects of adaptive scaffolding on self-regulation and learning, taking care to avoid unintended tailored scaffolding in the research design. Trial registration: This study was preregistered with the Center for Open Science prior to data collection. The registry may be found at https://osf.io/7ztws/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The construction of geographical indications agri-food (GIAF) brands play an important role in rural revitalization in China, this study aims to explore how to jointly promote brand building among multiple parties. Design/methodology/approach: A tripartite game model of the producers, sales operating enterprises, and local governments is constructed to analyze the strategy choice of the parties in the complex system behavior evolution stability, and the simulation analysis of the influence factors of brand construction of GIAF and verify the game result. Findings: (1) Increased government subsidies and supervision costs are beneficial to accelerating variety improvement and quality improvement of agri-food, but it is not conducive to the government, Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the subsidy and supervision cost is kept within a reasonable range; (2) The dividend distributed to producers by sales operating enterprises play an important role in encouraging producers to improve the quality safety of agri-food, but it must be kept within a reasonable range to avoid discouraging the enthusiasm of sales operating enterprises; (3) Cost reduction, and revenue improvement are also effective ways to cooperate with all parties in brand co-construction. Research limitations/implications: This study does not consider consumers or logistics companies in the evolutionary game model. Practical implications: This study proposes innovative policies and suggestions for improvement of the brand co-construction of all parties. Originality/value: Based on the "Rural Revitalization" initiative, this study enriches research methods about brand value and provides a new perspective for brand value co-construction, and theoretical guidance, and empirical basis for formulating innovation policies and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, titled "Making a Better Future Using Simulation and Gaming," discusses the potential benefits of using gamification and simulation in various fields. The authors highlight the positive impact that games and gaming technology can have on skills, cognition, and well-being. They also emphasize the importance of reliable simulations and gaming scenarios in preparing for and dealing with crises such as natural disasters and global conflicts. The authors express optimism and encourage readers to embrace insights and tools derived from gaming and simulation to address the challenges of today and the future. [Extracted from the article]

Simulation-based training is an acceptable method in medical sciences. The available simulators and the conduct of simulation require both simulators and infrastructural requirements. This narrative review highlights the potential of digital tools for team-based simulation exercises in low-resource settings. This review presents a comprehensive list of affordable digital tools for scenario planning, scenario design, and assessment. It covers various applications and platforms, providing detailed insights into their features, types, and accessibility. Different low-cost digital tools are available, from generative artificial intelligence for scenario planning to online repositories of simulation cases, browser-based assessment designers, and simulation games. These digital tools can make simulation accessible, transforming it into an immersive learning experience to enhance understanding and skill acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the late 1960s onwards simulation games were adopted by development education programs as an ethical and pedagogical tool to create awareness of the "true" nature of reality. This article explores both the limits and ongoing effects of simulation as a mode of structuring relationality and responsibility by looking at two moments in ethical history. The first is the vocal presence of youth at the Second World Food Congress in 1970; the second is a simulation game designed to encapsulate the mood of youth attending the conference, encapsulated by the slogan "do not adjust your mind—there is a fault in reality." Using these moments to tether a broader discussion of simulation as a mode of ethical and pedagogical encounter, I argue for renewed anthropological attention to, and improvisation upon, educational tools that "multiply realities." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The academic discourse on the uncanny in video games usually focuses on the phenomenon of the so-called "uncanny valley" (Mori 2012). The article explores the emergence of other, medium-specific occurrences of the effect, prioritizing interactivity as a key factor in its establishment. Two unique areas are particularly prominent in the increasingly photorealistic worlds of video games where uncanny moments associated with the wider, Freudian concept can be found. These are linked to necessary (structuring) and contingent (destructuring) components of the game: namely its heterogeneous ontology and the glitches that may appear in it. The author hypothesizes that these less conceptualized uncanny situations are regular features of the gaming experience and emerge when the immersion in an iconically realistic environment has been broken and eerie absences or ghostly presences pop up either through encounters with the game's boundaries that result from the technological limitations of the software or the appearance of unintended errors in its processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of changing and bending rules in various cultural rituals and academic fields. It uses the example of the Japanese tea ceremony, which has undergone changes over time to adapt to societal shifts. The authors argue that flexibility in rules and rituals is necessary for them to remain relevant and survive. They encourage researchers in the field of simulation and gaming to have a mindset of exploring and embracing different scenarios and rule variations. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine Home Safety Hero an innovative serious game simulation designed to train parents on home safety risks and how to resolve those risks. The aim of this research was to compare whether the reaction times for multiple plays of Home Safety Hero would improve identification, with or without distraction, and resolution of hazards would improve when compared to single play. Participants were 19 parenting teens (Mage = 17.66 years, SDage = 0.80 years; 100% female) who completed questionnaires on their demographics, frequency of game use, and their engagement with the game simulation and content. Teens were divided into two groups, one (n = 8) that played the game once and the second (n = 11) that played the game four times over a one-week period. Engagement data indicated no differences between the group of teens, suggesting that they found the game engaging even if they played it multiple times. Teens were faster at spotting risks in the home and were quicker at acting when encountering risks after playing the game four times when compared to teens in the single play group. Home Safety Hero shows promise for promoting home safety knowledge and resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is described different strategies for traffic control and simulation, namely - Vehicle Actuated (VA) compared to Fixed Time (FT) traffic control. We are comparing and evaluating the impact of FT and adaptive traffic signal control strategies for one of the biggest and busiest intersections in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. The parameters used for comparing these strategies are the average vehicle travel times and average vehicle queue lengths. TRL TRANSYT 15 software was used to determine the fixed signal timing plan based on intersection geometry, inter-green matrix, and traffic flow. PTV VISSIM software is used for VA algorithm development and simulation to get the maximum and average vehicle travel times as well as queue lengths. It is shown that the parameter optimization can reduce the queue lengths down to 65% and the travel time down to 51%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human gut microbiome is an important part of the digestive system and the human body as a whole. The abundance and richness of bacterial species in your digestive tract change based on your diet and lifestyle. A diet full of fresh vegetables, meat, and whole grains will cultivate a variety of bacteria that will help you absorb nutrients, prevent disease, keep your skin hydrated, and even improve cognitive function. A diet of sugar- and fat-rich foods will cultivate less diverse bacteria and species that cause inflammation in your gut and impair memory and focus (Quercia et al., 2014). I designed a simulation that uses inquiry and game play to teach high school (grades 9–12) biology students these concepts. The game involves teamwork, decisions about diet, cause and effect of various life events, and data analysis. Educational approaches such as game play and active learning have been shown to improve student engagement, retention of concepts, and overall success of a lesson (Sengupta and Clark, 2016; Michael, 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pharmacy students must achieve learning in the affective domain to attain the professional values that underpin patient-centred practice and self-directed, lifelong learning. An array of learning and teaching activities, including gaming and simulation, are used to achieve affective learning. The aim of this research was to evaluate affective learning in participants of an extended, immersive, gamified pharmacy simulation. Methods: Student teams managed simulated pharmacies, assuming the role of autonomous pharmacists to complete regular, scaffolded, pharmacy-related tasks and safely provide medicines and counselling. The 3-week gamified simulation was designed to develop teamwork and collaborative skills, while enhancing students' professional identity, confidence and competencies. Affective learning was assessed via analysis of student reflective journals. Final-year pharmacy students completed debriefing and reflection at specific timepoints during participation in the 3-week gamified simulation. The validated Griffith University Affective Learning Scale (GUALS) was used by trained external assessors to evaluate the highest levels of affective learning detected in student reflective journals. Quantitative analysis of GUALS scores was conducted using SPSS 25. Means were computed per student for each week, regardless of journalling frequency, and changes over time compared. Results: From 2016 to 2018, 123 students participated in the simulation, generating 734 reflective journal entries for analysis. Overall, affective learning was evident, and its level increased over the course of the simulation. This was primarily associated with the improvements of female students. Conclusion: An extended, immersive, gamified pharmacy simulation induced and enhanced affective learning in final-year pharmacy students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, dies are designed and manufactured to produce a flange coupling with hot-closed forging process to select the optimal die by comparing the locations of flash. The study was carried out computationally using DEFORM 3D program in two stages. The first one was used to obtain a work piece with suitable dimensions used in the final stage of the forming process to prevent the defects of the forming process. Through the simulation process for all the proposed dies, the results of forming load, effective stress, strain effective and movement of metal particles were compared for optimum die. Experimentally, the forging process was carried out on a mechanical forging machine for the optimal die according to the data obtained from the simulation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The "Companion Modeling" community is a French association that gathers dozens of researchers in ecology, computer science and social sciences from France and the Global South. Its objective is to propose tools, such as debates, simulations and games, to administrations and local populations in order to deescalate conflictual situations involving the management of natural commons. ComMod's treatment of futures in the context of committed action-research is distinct. Existing taxonomies seem to neglect the specificity of their practices, whose main objective is pedagogic and empowering, not anticipatory nor predictive. ComMod anticipates the collapse of natural resources through very simple scenario-building, in order to raise awareness within a given community and push people to change their behaviors. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a novel term to describe this specific relationship to futures--"committed scenario-building"--which ComMod can be seen as a prototype of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Texto Livre / Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia is the property of Revista Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shift from presenting and analyzing threedimensional data in 2D to displaying and analyzing them in a 3D environment is becoming increasingly prevalent in archaeological practice. This approach opens new possibilities, such as a 3D virtual reality, that archaeologists can take advantage of. This paper presents an application of the Visual Viewshed Simulation, a 3D virtual reality tool for (re)constructing the visibility of objects in the field, taking into account factors such as atmospheric and lighting conditions. This approach can provide a new way to research people–place relations and may be particularly useful in landscape archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper explores the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) of university–industry collaborative innovation. By utilizing MATLAB software, the analysis of the influence of agent coupling degree, group size, and government policies on the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation is taken into account, while simulating. Our findings indicate that, first, agent coupling degree is positively and nonlinearly related to the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation; second, when an enterprise's size is equal to university's, group size is more significant to the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation than agent coupling degree; third, when a group size of an enterprise and university is different, the combinations of agent coupling degree and group size have various effects on the stable evolution of enterprise group and university group; and fourth, government policies have a significantly positive impact on the stable evolution of university–industry collaborative innovation, and incentive measures are more effective than punitive ones. Research conclusions have developed the relationship among university–industry collaborative innovation agents, expanded the boundary of the stability study of collaborative innovation, and provided new ideas for improving the effectiveness of government innovation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Simulation has attracted increasing attention in lean production research as a response to address the complexities of the production environment and difficulties of dealing with changes within a system. Considerable growth of using simulation to facilitate lean acceptance and implementation has been observed across different projects and sectors. However, a thorough review of the development and use of simulation in lean production research is limited. Design/methodology/approach: This study aims to address this gap by reviewing 311 journal papers published in the past two decades on this specific research area and identify the state-of-the-art development and propose future research directions. Findings: The review shows that current studies related to simulation in lean production research can be categorised into two major research streams, namely, simulation assisted lean facilitation and evaluation, and simulation-based lean education and training. Under the first research stream, a total of 19 application areas have been identified which applied both lean and simulation in their studies. The evolution of the simulation techniques used in these studies has been analysed as well. Meanwhile, four types of simulation games have been identified in the stream of simulation-based lean education and training and the impact and applicability of the different simulation and games have been discussed. A framework for engaging lean and simulation is suggested based on the review of the existing studies. The analysis in both streams also highlights the importance of stakeholder engagement and the utilisation of information technologies for future studies. Practical implications: The findings of this study are expected to provide useful references for the future development and application of simulation in lean production research. Originality/value: This paper conducted a broad and extensive review of simulation integrated lean production research. An in-depth examination of the retrieved papers was conducted through a structured and quantitative analysis to understand the current body of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the quantum Hotelling game via spatial numerical simulation. It is concluded that entanglement enables the emergence of the Pareto optimal solution in Nash equilibrium in simulations of the game with variable prices and fixed location of the players. In the rather complicated scenario of variable prices and locations, the implemented simulation technique shows that the players share the market, both locating close to (L/4, 3L/4). The Hotelling game is studied with both linear and quadratic transportation cost, with no relevant discrepancies found in both scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a striking absence of complex network models and extensive analysis of behavioral factors in the field of waste management research. Moreover, research on effective collaboration among different stakeholders in tourism waste management in the Third Pole region is currently lacking, despite the increasing involvement of various groups. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the cooperative relationship between multiple stakeholders in tourism waste management using the Lulang Scenic Area as a case study. A field investigation and complex network evolutionary game simulation were used to identify the cooperation dynamics between multiple stakeholders. The results indicate the following. (1) The stakeholder network characterized by small-world dynamics has efficient information diffusion and cooperation. (2) A threshold value for positive externalities and returns on investment exists, beyond which stakeholders are more inclined to participate in sustainable waste management. (3) Incentives below the threshold attract direct stakeholders in waste generation and management, whereas incentives above it draws in a broader range of stakeholders, primarily indirect stakeholders. (4) A critical mass of cooperative stakeholders tends to create a demonstration effect that encourages additional participation, supporting the growth of cooperative networks in tourism waste management. This paper innovatively shows the potential of a cooperation strategy between multiple stakeholders strengthened by appropriate incentives. [Display omitted] • Waste management in the Lulang Town is investigated using stakeholder network analysis. • The stakeholders' network is a small-world network. • The impact of small-world networks on collaboration is revealed. • A cooperation threshold for stakeholders is identified to improve waste management. • The demonstration effect promotes stakeholder cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious games have become an important tool to train individuals in a range of different skills. Importantly, serious games or gamified scenarios allow for simulating realistic time-critical situations to train and also assess individual performance. In this context, determining the user's cognitive load during (game-based) training seems crucial for predicting performance and potential adaptation of the training environment to improve training effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to identify in-game metrics sensitive to users' cognitive load. According to Barrouillets' time-based resource-sharing model, particularly relevant for measuring cognitive load in time-critical situations, cognitive load does not depend solely on the complexity of actions but also on temporal aspects of a given task. In this study, we applied this idea to the context of a serious game by proposing in-game metrics for workload prediction that reflect a relation between the time during which participants' attention is captured and the total time available for the task at hand. We used an emergency simulation serious game requiring management of time-critical situations. Forty-seven participants completed the emergency simulation and rated their workload using the NASA-TLX questionnaire. Results indicated that the proposed in-game metrics yielded significant associations both with subjective workload measures as well as with gaming performance. Moreover, we observed that a prediction model based solely on data from the first minutes of the gameplay predicted overall gaming performance with a classification accuracy significantly above chance level and not significantly different from a model based on subjective workload ratings. These results imply that in-game metrics may qualify for a real-time adaptation of a game-based learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Founded in 1970, Simulation & Gaming has emerged as the leading journal in this field of educational research. Given the centrality the journal's influence, scholars have periodically reflected on the Journal's contributions towards enhancing and refining both research and practice in educational simulation and gaming. Aims. This systematic review aimed to quantitatively document the distinctive contributions of S&G to research and practice on simulations and games over the past 50 years. The review sought to identify the geographic distribution of publications, influential authors and documents published in the Journal, the intellectual structure of the literature, and topics of recent interest. Method. The authors used the Scopus search engine to identify 1,427 research articles and reviews published in Simulation & Gaming from 1970 through the end of 2019. Bibliometric analyses included descriptive statistics, citation and co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analysis. Results. The review found that while the Journal has increased its geographical breadth impressively, the majority of Simulation & Gaming publications continue to be authored by scholars located in Anglo-American-European societies. The review also found that the Journal has become a prime venue for disseminating inter-disciplinary research on simulation and games. Nonetheless, business simulation/gaming surfaced as the dominant focus in the Journal's content. Analysis of the intellectual structure of the knowledge base confirmed that the field is theoretically anchored in theories of social cognitive and experiential learning. Temporal keyword analysis identified active learning, game design, technology-enhanced simulations and games, and sustainability as topical clusters of recent interest to authors in Simulation & Gaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a multiphysics model for simulation of a gas‐assisted melt‐electrospinning (GAME) process, focusing on jet formation and propagation behavior. By numerically calculating the stresses acting on the jet during a single‐nozzle GAME process, the shear viscous stress was identified as the main factor with respect to jet stretch; thus, the relationship between shear viscous stress and jet thickness was investigated. The jet stretch ratio increased sharply when shear viscous stress reached the level at which jet sharpening occurred, leading to stable jet formation. We defined this stress as the critical shear viscous stress to determine stable spinnability. By imposing an electric field distribution calculated for a multi‐nozzle array (number of nozzles, tip‐to‐tip distance, and applied voltage) on the boundary condition of the single‐nozzle GAME simulation model, multinozzle GAME was simulated; this enabled proposal of a spinnability diagram for stable spinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an ecolinguistic analysis of a popular digital simulation game, Animal Crossing: New Leaf (2012). As the popularity and immersive capability of digital gaming continues to expand, there is need for investigations of how digital games may either perpetuate ecologically destructive ideologies, practices, and identities or promote and cultivate more ecologically sustainable options. The simulation game genre is of particular interest as these games are typically designed to reproduce and reflect real world activities in which gamers complete tasks for purposes such as education, training, and entertainment. Although elements of the Animal Crossing: New Leaf game may be viewed as promoting sustainable ecological action and fostering identities and practices supportive of ecological wellbeing and sustainability, game features and operations central to play within the constructed game world reflect, normalize, reproduce, and perpetuate the production and performance of identities and human-nature relationships at the root of the ecological crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From consistent narratives to cutting-edge graphic design, designers have been investing heavily in making their items competitive in the market. Given the high level of interaction between the players and the games they play, it is to be expected that much of how real-life representations are built in our minds will, in one way or another, influence how we interact with virtual reality, impacting on the playability of a game. Studies on the role of metaphors in (video)games are rather recent and much is yet to be investigated. Through simulations of family life and school routine, for example, these games imply human behavior as systematic and goal-oriented. For this study, we selected popular free life simulation games available at a popular App Store for smartphones. When listing the existing metaphors, we noticed a systematic difference: while conceptual metaphors were multimodal, consisting of a combination of verbal and visual information, primary metaphors showed to be intrinsically monomodal, consisting of visual information. In this study, we argue that metaphors in life simulation games start off as text-dominant, but become image-dominant after some time. That is, players rely on both images and verbal cues while learning how to play the games, but after some time they can just look at the symbolic cues for information. We therefore propose that the classification for metaphors in games should be continuous and as dynamic as the game itself, since there seems to be a movement from text-dominant to visual-dominant metaphors throughout the games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water is a crucial factor for human living and maintaining ecological system health. Water resource conflict has become an important factor which restricts regional economic development and affects the harmony and stability of society. This paper, on the one hand, builds a trilateral evolution game model of water intaking in the upper, middle, and lower reaches in terms of water-quality conflict, and makes an analysis of the evolutionary stable strategy of the model on the foundation of a cross-border water resource conflict warning system and based on the view of evolution game. The paper verifies related conclusions by using numerical simulation calculation examples and makes sensitivity analysis of the change of the parameters of the model. The result of the research indicates that (1) there are three groups of system local gradual stable points P 3 0 , 0 , 1 , P 5 1 , 0 , 1 and P 6 0 , 1 , 1 in the trilateral game of water quality-based cross-border conflicts. This means that there are three groups of evolutionary stable strategies: (non-cooperation, non-cooperation, cooperation), (cooperation, non-cooperation, cooperation), and (non-cooperation, cooperation, cooperation). The conclusion obtained via verification by using numerical simulation is that upper and middle reaches are the sections which most likely lead to conflicts, so the strategy selected therefor is (non-cooperation, non-cooperation, cooperation); (2) in water quality-based cross-border conflict, the factor δ 1 of compensation cost increased because excessive transfer of pollutants has a significant effect on water-intaking group strategy evolution path. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to the scientific operation of cross-border water quality and water amount conflicts and the realization of the goal of water resources management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many educators utilize simulations to create active learning environments suitable for learning outcome achievement and soft skill development, which are critical for student success in the workforce. However, many educators focus primarily on affective benefits of simulations, such as engagement and motivation, rather than cognitive impacts, such as business knowledge attainment. The authors share favorable results of a quasi-experimental study with large sample (n = 206) that measured cognitive gains through pretest and posttest assessments of simulation game learners in a business finance, flipped classroom, course. Additionally, the authors discuss valuable contextual factors surrounding their study, including the curriculum, course, and flipped classroom approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern trends in teaching and learning aim to use effective methods by which students better understand the learning material and are more involved in the learning process. These methods should take into account the ability of today's students to work multifunctional and quickly process large amounts of information. The introduction of modern technology in the classroom is the most important change in education now. This article examines ways to provide specialized medical information in an intriguing interactive way, geared towards effective support for medical students. The paper presents new methods included in the training of medical students in Bulgaria: Video algorithms that show didactically in detail the necessary sequence of actions to perform a particular medical manipulation, including everything they need to know and can make the student achieve this skill. In order to better master the series of actions involved in the manipulation and the acquisition of preliminary experience, it is proposed to include Simulation Games in the medical training. The use of Serious Simulation Games in medical training helps to improve the skills of future medics and to build self-confident specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study documents the development of a classroom game simulating the effects of contractual arrangements on the economic relationships between artists, record labels, and consumers. The game was tested with multiple revisions in classroom settings over a period of three years by using surveys, interviews, session videos, and teacher observations. Using the approach of Grounded Theory, observations and insights were extracted from the collected data with the goal of identifying effective strategies for developing and using classroom simulations. Findings include evidence of deeper engagement with the subject through cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed methods study is aimed to examine the feasibility of integrating mathematical problem solving with architectural design via a 3D epistemic simulation game to promote active mathematics learning for middle-school students. The experimental-control pretest/posttest group design was adopted to examine whether the experience of interacting with an architecture simulation game would improve students' math knowledge for and performance of problem solving. Data were collected from 61 6th graders via both quantitative and qualitative methods, including math problem-solving and mental rotation tests, video- and screen-capture of game play behaviors, observation, as well as game logs. The study results indicated that the gaming group performed significantly better than the non-gaming control group in the math context problem solving test. The infield observation and participants' gaming behavior analysis suggested that the learning and practice of mathematical problem solving during gaming is a cognizant and planned endeavor framed by carefully designed game actions and objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies quantum games with imprecise payoffs simulated by means of fuzzy numbers. Three two-person game-types are scrutinized via the iterated confronting of a large number of players laying in a two-dimensional lattice. In every iteration, every player interacts with his nearest neighbours and adopts the strategy of his best paid mate. Variable degree of quantum entanglement and of optimism in the fuzzy payoffs are taken into consideration in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaders play a vital role in the decision scenarios in any organization. A qualitative study was conducted using "Beer distribution game" simulation to create an environment of novel and uncertain conditions. Additionally, the study followed the group interviewing technique to explore the underlying patterns in the creative decision-making phenomenon taken by the leaders in complex situations. The findings of the study revealed three categories of factors that contribute to the creative decision making of the leaders. These categories consist of factors related to individuals' personal characteristics, team-level factors, and process related factors. The study revealed during the group discussion that creative decision making occurs through a unique interplay of people, process and technology in the Pakistani context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk factors have a significant influence on corporate investing and financing behavior. Based on agency theory, this paper analyzes conflicts of interest that are involved in the process of corporate investing and financing under the influence of risk, and it conducts this analysis using the evolutionary game model for investing and financing behavior. The evolutionary simulation analysis is conducted using the system dynamics method to explore the investing and financing behavior of corporate entities that are influenced by different risks. The results of this analysis show that the risks that impact the debt financing strategies of corporations are usually investment risk and interest rate risk, and that internal governance risk does not appear to change the financing structure of corporate behavior. Risks that impact the excessive investment strategy choices of corporations are mainly investment risk and internal governance risk, while interest rate risk does not appear to have any effect on the excessive investment tendencies of certain managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Increasing cyber risks demand proactive decisions for cybersecurity development. • Significant delays exist in building capabilities for mitigating cyber incidents. • Management experience alone does not compensate for uncertainties of events. • Training is vital to learning about complexities and making proactive decisions. • Management flight simulators prove to be effective training tools. Abstract We developed a simulation game to study the effectiveness of decision-makers in overcoming two complexities in building cybersecurity capabilities: potential delays in capability development; and uncertainties in predicting cyber incidents. Analyzing 1479 simulation runs, we compared the performances of a group of experienced professionals with those of an inexperienced control group. Experienced subjects did not understand the mechanisms of delays any better than inexperienced subjects; however, experienced subjects were better able to learn the need for proactive decision-making through an iterative process. Both groups exhibited similar errors when dealing with the uncertainty of cyber incidents. Our findings highlight the importance of training for decision-makers with a focus on systems thinking skills, and lay the groundwork for future research on uncovering mental biases about the complexities of cybersecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the state of the art in realtime interactive simulation patterns, which are essential in the development of game engines, digital storytelling, and many other graphical applications. We show how currently popular patterns have evolved from equivalent, or, at least, very similar concepts, and are deeply related. We show that game engines do not need to choose a particular pattern, but can easily combine all desired properties with little or no overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present the use of learning by simulation in Journalism, demonstrated with examples of use of games, simulation of data and online collaborative simulation and its application potential as a learning resource in a discipline of Data Journalism. The research strategy used was exploratory-descriptive research combined with case study (content analysis of data simulation games). The use of data simulation as a didactic strategy has benefited from resources such as gamification, digital narrative, interactivity, immersiveness and cognitive tools of authorship. We hope to contribute to the debate about the possibilities open to learning, training and improvement of journalism students with the simulation of data, as well as to propose proposals for adjustments, reconfigurations and changes of digital educational resources used in the classroom and the possibility of readapt didactic strategies to this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with whether there is a moral difference between simulating wrongdoing and consuming non-simulatory representations of wrongdoing. I argue that simulating wrongdoing is (as such) a pro tanto wrong whose wrongness does not tarnish other cases of consuming representations of wrongdoing. While simulating wrongdoing (as such) constitutes a disrespectful act, consuming representations of wrongdoing (as such) does not. I aim to motivate this view in part by bringing a number of intuitive moral judgements into reflective equilibrium, and in part by describing the case of a character that I call The Devious Super Geek who simulates wrong to particular people that he knows personally. I build bridging cases from the case of the Devious Super Geek to capture games in which one simulates wrong to imaginary members of extant, morally salient categories. The surprising conclusions that we are led to include not just that simulated wrongdoing is pro tanto wrong, but that simulated Just killing is pro tanto wrong, and also that the simulated killing of zombies and aliens is also pro tanto wrong. Finally, I describe how I propose to handle some potential objections and attempt to weigh the pro tanto wrong identified in the paper against some countervailing considerations in some all things considered judgements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pole vaulting is one of the most spectacular disciplines in athletics. The evolution of world record heights is strongly influenced by the development of advanced poles and subsequent materials. Employing advanced, load-adjusted composites has resulted in a steady increase of the world record height. This study provides a framework for finite element simulations of pole vaulting with focus on the initial and boundary conditions as well as finite element choices. The influence of the pole bending stiffness on the achievable height is systematically simulated. Higher effective bending stiffness leads to higher pole vaulting heights. However, if a certain stiffness is exceeded, the vaulter will not be able to bend the pole enough which leads to failed attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the underlying culture of war sustaining the setting of scenarios within cyberwar games. In particular, it engages with the question of how to simulate a phenomenon that, due to its remoteness, possesses an ambivalent relation to reality. Looking at scenarios of major national and international cyberwar games as illustrations, this article, first, engages with the modes of existence of simulated cyberwar through the conceptual prisms of copy/original and simulation/simulacra. It then explores how these scenarios frame cyberwar in relation to cyberwarfare scholarship and legislations. It then sheds light on how, through operational exercises, these scenarios ultimately reproduce cyberwar as an imagined cultural artifact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]