15 results on '"Templeton DJ"'
Search Results
2. Sexual health service adaptations to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Australia: a nationwide online survey.
- Author
-
Phillips TR, Fairley CK, Donovan B, Ong JJ, McNulty A, Marshall L, Templeton DJ, Owen L, Ward A, Gunathilake M, Russell D, Langton-Lockton J, Bourne C, Martin S, and Chow EPF
- Subjects
- Australia epidemiology, Communicable Disease Control, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Services, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases diagnosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Objective: Examine the changes in service delivery Australian public sexual health clinics made to remain open during lockdown., Methods: A cross-sectional survey designed and delivered on Qualtrics was emailed to 21 directors of public sexual health clinics across Australia from July-August 2020 and asked about a variety of changes to service delivery. Descriptive statistics were calculated., Results: Twenty clinics participated, all remained open and reported service changes, including suspension of walk-in services in eight clinics. Some clinics stopped offering asymptomatic screening for varying patient populations. Most clinics transitioned to a mix of telehealth and face-to-face consultations. Nineteen clinics reported delays in testing and 13 reported limitations in testing. Most clinics changed to phone consultations for HIV medication refills (n=15) and eleven clinics prescribed longer repeat prescriptions. Fourteen clinics had staff redeployed to assist the COVID-19 response., Conclusion: Public sexual health clinics pivoted service delivery to reduce risk of COVID-19 transmission in clinical settings, managed staffing reductions and delays in molecular testing, and maintained a focus on urgent and symptomatic STI presentations and those at higher risk of HIV/STI acquisition. Implications for public health: Further research is warranted to understand what impact reduced asymptomatic screening may have had on community STI transmission., (© 2021 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Community-based peer-led HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing services in Sydney for gay and bisexual men captured an eighth of new HIV diagnoses in New South Wales, Australia.
- Author
-
Chan C, Patel P, Johnson K, Vaughan M, Price K, McNulty A, Templeton DJ, Read P, Cunningham P, Grulich AE, and Bavinton BR
- Subjects
- Community Health Services, Humans, Male, New South Wales epidemiology, HIV Infections diagnosis, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Characteristics of recently arrived Asian men who have sex with men diagnosed with HIV through sexual health services in Melbourne and Sydney.
- Author
-
Blackshaw LCD, Chow EPF, Varma R, Healey L, Templeton DJ, Basu A, Turner D, Medland NA, Rix S, Fairley CK, and Chen MY
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Asian People psychology, Australia epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, HIV Infections ethnology, Homosexuality, Male statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk-Taking, Sexual Partners, Young Adult, Asian People statistics & numerical data, Emigrants and Immigrants statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections diagnosis, Homosexuality, Male ethnology, Sexual Behavior ethnology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases ethnology
- Abstract
Objectives: Asian men who have sex with men (MSM) who have recently arrived in Australia are an emergent risk group for HIV; however, little is known about how they compare to Australian MSM diagnosed with HIV. This study compared the characteristics of these two groups., Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of MSM diagnosed with HIV between January 2014 and October 2017 in Melbourne and Sydney public sexual health clinics. Asian MSM were those who had arrived in Australia within 4 years of diagnosis., Results: Among 111 Asian men, 75% spoke a language other than English, 88% did not have Medicare and 61% were international students. Compared with Australian men (n=209), Asian men reported fewer male sexual partners within 12 months (median 4 versus 10, p<0.001), were less likely to have tested for HIV previously (71% versus 89%, p<0.001) and had a lower median CD4 count (326 versus 520, p<0.001). Among Asian men, HIV subtype CRF01-AE was more common (55% versus 16%, p<0.001) and subtype B less common (29% versus 73%, p<0.001)., Conclusions: Asian MSM diagnosed with HIV reported lower risk and had more advanced HIV. Implications for public health: HIV testing and preventative interventions supporting international students are required., (© 2019 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of daily use of antibacterial mouthwash against oropharyngeal gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men: the OMEGA (Oral Mouthwash use to Eradicate GonorrhoeA) study protocol.
- Author
-
Chow EPF, Walker S, Hocking JS, Bradshaw CS, Chen MY, Tabrizi SN, Howden BP, Law MG, Maddaford K, Read TRH, Lewis DA, Whiley DM, Zhang L, Grulich AE, Kaldor JM, Cornelisse VJ, Phillips S, Donovan B, McNulty AM, Templeton DJ, Roth N, Moore R, and Fairley CK
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Clinical Protocols, Double-Blind Method, Gonorrhea microbiology, Gonorrhea transmission, Humans, Male, Neisseria gonorrhoeae drug effects, Neisseria gonorrhoeae pathogenicity, Pharyngeal Diseases microbiology, Respiratory Tract Infections drug therapy, Sexually Transmitted Diseases microbiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gonorrhea prevention & control, Homosexuality, Male, Mouthwashes pharmacology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Gonorrhoea is one of the most common sexually transmissible infections in men who have sex with men (MSM). Gonorrhoea rates have increased substantially in recent years. There is concern that increasing gonorrhoea prevalence will increase the likelihood of worsening antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A recent randomised controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated that a single-dose of mouthwash has an inhibitory effect against oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. We are conducting the first RCT to evaluate whether daily use of mouthwash could reduce the risk of acquiring oropharyngeal gonorrhoea., Methods/design: The OMEGA (Oral Mouthwash use to Eradicate GonorrhoeA) study is a double-blind RCT and will be conducted at several sexual health clinics and high caseload General Practice (GP) clinics in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. A total of 504 MSM attending the participating sites will be recruited. Participants will be randomised to either using 'Study mouthwash A' or 'Study mouthwash B' for 12 weeks. Study mouthwash A was inhibitory against N. gonorrhoeae in vitro, whereas study mouthwash B was not. Participants will be instructed to rinse and gargle the study mouthwash for 60 seconds every day. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea detected by nucleic acid amplification test by 12 weeks., Discussion: The results from this trial may provide a novel way to reduce gonorrhoea prevalence and transmission without the use of antibiotics that may be associated with development of resistance. If shown to be effective, the widespread use of mouthwash will reduce the prevalence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea, which plays key role in driving the emergence of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance through DNA exchange with oral commensal bacteria. The anticipated net effect will be interruption of onward transmission of N. gonorrhoeae within high density sexual networks within MSM populations., Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000247471 , registered on 23rd February 2016.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. High rates of sexually transmissible infections in HIV-positive patients in the Australian HIV Observational Database: a prospective cohort study.
- Author
-
Mulhall BP, Wright S, Allen D, Brown K, Dickson B, Grotowski M, Jackson E, Petoumenos K, Read P, Read T, Russell D, Smith DJ, Templeton DJ, Fairley CK, and Law MG
- Subjects
- Adult, Australia epidemiology, Databases, Factual, Female, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Incidence, Male, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Condylomata Acuminata epidemiology, Gonorrhea epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Syphilis epidemiology
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Background In HIV-positive people, sexually transmissible infections (STIs) probably increase the infectiousness of HIV., Methods: In 2010, we established a cohort of individuals (n=554) from clinics in the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD). We calculated retrospective rates for four STIs for 2005-10 and prospective incidence rates for 2010-11., Results: At baseline (2010), patient characteristics were similar to the rest of AHOD. Overall incidence was 12.5 per 100 person-years. Chlamydial infections increased from 3.4 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-5.7) in 2005 to 6.7 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.5-9.5) in 2011, peaking in 2010 (8.1 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.6-11.2). Cases were distributed among rectal (61.9%), urethral (34%) and pharyngeal (6.3%) sites. Gonococcal infections increased, peaking in 2010 (4.7 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.6-11.2; Ptrend=0.0099), distributed among rectal (63.9%), urethral (27.9%) and pharyngeal (14.8%) sites. Syphilis showed several peaks, the largest in 2008 (5.3 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 3.3-8.0); the overall trend was not significant (P=0.113). Genital warts declined from 7.5 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.8-11.3) in 2005 to 2.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.1-4.5) in 2011 (Ptrend=0.0016)., Conclusions: For chlamydial and gonococcal infections, incidence was higher than previous Australian estimates among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, increasing during 2005-2011. Rectal infections outnumbered infections at other sites. Syphilis incidence remained high but did not increase; that of genital warts was lower and decreased.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Sexually transmitted infections in older populations.
- Author
-
Poynten IM, Grulich AE, and Templeton DJ
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Incidence, Longevity, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, HIV Infections epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: People are living longer and healthier lives. In recent years, there has been a focus on recognition of ongoing sexual activity among older adults and leading from this, the potential for an increase in diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Data on STI rates, sexual behaviour and factors affecting susceptibility to STIs are discussed., Recent Findings: There is limited published literature in this field and few recent longitudinal studies of STI acquisition in people older than 50 years. Although there is evidence of an increase in incidence, STIs remain rare in older compared with younger populations. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, older men who have sex with men are at higher risk of incident HIV and some other STIs. The HIV epidemic is ageing as a result of increasing life span and acquisition of HIV at older ages. Improved longevity, evolving societal norms and physiological changes may place older people at risk of HIV and other STIs., Summary: Routine STI screening is not warranted in all older people. Education and prevention strategies for all people at greater risk of HIV, regardless of age are required. Age-appropriate interventions designed to impart knowledge and provide the requisite skills needed to reduce STI risk in older age would be beneficial.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The impact of HIV seroadaptive behaviors on sexually transmissible infections in HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia.
- Author
-
Jin F, Prestage GP, Templeton DJ, Poynten IM, Donovan B, Zablotska I, Kippax SC, Mindel A, and Grulich AE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Australia, HIV Infections transmission, HIV Seropositivity epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk-Taking, Sexual Behavior, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Young Adult, HIV Seronegativity, HIV Serosorting, Homosexuality, Male, Sexual Partners, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission, Unsafe Sex
- Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroadaptive behaviors, such as serosorting and strategic positioning, are being increasingly practised by homosexual men; however, their impact on sexually transmissible infections is unclear., Methods: Participants were 1427 initially HIV-negative men enrolled from 2001 to 2004 and followed to June 2007. Participants were tested annually for anal and urethral gonorrhoea and chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis. In addition, they reported diagnoses of these conditions, and of genital and anal warts between annual visits, and sexual risk behaviors., Results: Compared with men who reported no unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), serosorting was associated with an increased risk of urethral (incidence: 6.06 vs. 3.56 per 100 person-years (PY), hazard ratio (HR) = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-2.72) and anal (incidence 3.95 vs. 2.80 per 100 PY, HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.11-2.36) chlamydia. Compared with men who reported UAI with HIV nonconcordant partners, men who practised serosorting had significantly lower risk of incident syphilis (incidence 0.18 vs. 1.00 per 100 PY, HR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05-0.81) and urethral gonorrhoea (incidence 2.15 vs. 5.52 per 100 PY, HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39-0.96). Compared with men who reported no UAI, strategic positioning was associated with an increased risk of urethral gonorrhoea (incidence 4.11 vs. 2.10 per 100 PY, HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05-2.83) and chlamydia (incidence 8.71 vs. 3.56 per 100 PY, HR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.55-3.18). Compared with men who reported receptive UAI, the incidence of anal gonorrhoea (incidence 1.48 vs. 3.83 per 100 PY, HR = 0.38, 0.20-0.74) and chlamydia (incidence 3.10 vs. 6.30 per 100 PY, HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27-0.69) was significantly lower in those who practised strategic positioning., Conclusion: For men who reported seroadaptive behaviors, rates of some bacterial sexually transmissible infections were higher than in men who reported no UAI. However, rates were lower than for men who reported higher HIV risk behaviors.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Sexually transmissible infections in aging HIV populations.
- Author
-
Poynten IM, Templeton DJ, and Grulich AE
- Subjects
- Aged, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Sex Factors, Sexual Behavior statistics & numerical data, Sexual Partners, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission, Socioeconomic Factors, Aging, HIV Infections epidemiology, Homosexuality, Male statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Unsafe Sex statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
There is limited published research on sexually transmissible infections (STI) among aging HIV populations. The available literature on sexual behaviour and STI among older people with HIV is reviewed here and contrasted with data from older individuals in the general population and from older populations at high risk of HIV. A sizeable minority of older people with HIV continue to engage in higher risk sexual behaviour and thus remain at high risk of STI. There is no clear evidence of a consistent effect of older age on STI rates, clinical presentation or clinical course among HIV-infected populations, although gay men with HIV aged in their 40s or older seem to be at higher risk than younger men of acquiring several STI, including syphilis and lymphogranuloma venereum. STI risks in older people living with HIV need to be regularly assessed. Higher risk sexual behaviour and disproportionately higher rates of STI indicate that regardless of age, a thorough STI assessment should be regularly undertaken for all HIV-positive gay men as part of their routine HIV care.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Aboriginal health worker screening for sexually transmissible infections and blood-borne viruses in a rural Australian juvenile correctional facility.
- Author
-
Templeton DJ, Tyson BA, Meharg JP, Habgood KE, Bullen PM, Malek S, and McLean R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Community Health Services statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Services, Indigenous statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases diagnosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases virology, Western Australia epidemiology, Young Adult, Blood-Borne Pathogens isolation & purification, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander statistics & numerical data, Prisoners statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases ethnology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission, Virus Diseases ethnology, Virus Diseases transmission
- Abstract
Introduction: In Australia, Aboriginal youth are disproportionately represented in juvenile detention centres. We assessed the prevalence of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) identified by an Aboriginal Health Worker (AHW)-led screening program delivered to male detainees of a rural juvenile detention centre., Methods: A retrospective review of first screening visit data was performed. Demographic and behavioural data were collected and the prevalence of STI/BBV was assessed., Results: Over a 4-year period to November 2004, 101 screens on new medium-to-long-term detainees were performed. The median age of participants was 17 years (range 14-20) and 87% were Aboriginal. Most reported multiple lifetime sexual partners (mean 14, range 0-60) and a minority had used a condom for the last episode of vaginal intercourse. Injecting drug use and non-professional tattoos or piercings were both reported by over one-third of participants, with over 80% reporting previous incarceration. One-quarter of those screened were newly diagnosed with one or more STI/BBV. The most common infection identified was urethral chlamydia (prevalence 16.3%, 95% confidence interval 10.0-25.5%), although the prevalence of newly diagnosed syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C were each over 5%. Many participants remained susceptible to hepatitis B., Conclusion: An AHW-led STI/BBV screening program identified a large number of asymptomatic and previously undiagnosed infections in this group of young male detainees. Such an education and screening program using skilled Aboriginal staff not affiliated with the correctional system could have a substantial impact on the prevalence of STI/BBV among juvenile detainees.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Male circumcision to reduce the risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men.
- Author
-
Templeton DJ, Millett GA, and Grulich AE
- Subjects
- HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Infections transmission, Humans, Male, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission, Circumcision, Male statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections epidemiology, Homosexuality, Male statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: The success of male circumcision in reducing HIV acquisition among African heterosexuals has led to renewed interest in this biological intervention for HIV/sexually transmissible infection (STI) prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM). This review summarizes the available data on the association of circumcision and HIV/STI among MSM populations., Recent Findings: Results of observational studies indicate that circumcision has limited impact on HIV/STI acquisition among MSM populations overall. Longitudinal data suggest that circumcision may reduce the risk of incident syphilis, but there is little evidence of a protective effect for other STIs. The subgroup of MSM who predominantly practise the insertive role in anal intercourse may be at lower risk of HIV, although the relative inefficiency of HIV acquisition for insertive compared with receptive partners has resulted in imprecise estimates of effect., Summary: The evidence that circumcision reduces HIV and other STIs among MSM is weak and inconsistent. However, recent studies have found that circumcised MSM who predominantly take the insertive role in anal intercourse may be at a lower risk of HIV infection. Although MSM may be willing to undergo adult circumcision, should it be proven to reduce HIV acquisition risk, there is substantial potential that behavioural disinhibition could offset any benefits achieved by a circumcision intervention.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Circumcision and risk of sexually transmissible infections in a community-based cohort of HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia.
- Author
-
Templeton DJ, Jin F, Prestage GP, Donovan B, Imrie JC, Kippax SC, Cunningham PH, Kaldor JM, Mindel A, Cunningham AL, and Grulich AE
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Australia epidemiology, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Circumcision, Male, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control, Sexually Transmitted Diseases transmission
- Abstract
Background: Circumcision status was examined as an independent risk factor for sexually transmissible infections (STIs) in the Health in Men cohort of homosexual men in Sydney., Methods: From 2001 through 2004, 1427 initially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative men were enrolled and followed up until mid-2007. All participants were offered annual STI testing. The history of STIs was collected at baseline, and information on sexual risk behaviors was collected every 6 months. At annual face-to-face visits, participants reported STI diagnoses received during the previous year., Results: Circumcision was not associated with prevalent or incident herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, or self-reported genital warts. There was also no independent association of circumcision with incident urethral gonorrhea or chlamydia. Being circumcised was associated with a significantly reduced risk of incident (hazard ratio, 0.35 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.84]) but not prevalent (odds ratio, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, 0.35-1.44]) syphilis. The association was somewhat stronger among men who reported predominantly insertive unprotected anal intercourse (hazard ratio, 0.10 [95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.82])., Conclusions: These are the first prospective data obtained from homosexual men to assess circumcision status as a risk factor for STIs. Circumcised men were at reduced risk of incident syphilis but no other prevalent or incident STIs. Circumcision is unlikely to have a substantial public health impact in reducing acquisition of most STIs in homosexual men.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. High rates of sexually transmitted infections in HIV positive homosexual men: data from two community based cohorts.
- Author
-
Jin F, Prestage GP, Zablotska I, Rawstorne P, Kippax SC, Donovan B, Cunningham PH, Templeton DJ, Kaldor JM, and Grulich AE
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, HIV Seropositivity epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales epidemiology, Prevalence, Homosexuality, Male statistics & numerical data, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Unsafe Sex statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background/objectives: Higher levels of sexual risk behaviours have been reported in HIV positive than in HIV negative homosexual men. In clinic based studies, higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have also been reported. We compared rates of common STIs between HIV positive and HIV negative homosexual men from two ongoing community based cohort studies in Sydney, Australia., Methods: Participants in the two cohorts were recruited using similar community based strategies. They were interviewed face to face annually after enrollment. Comprehensive sexual health screening, including hepatitis A and B, syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia (in urethra and anus) was offered to participants in both cohorts., Results: In participants in the HIV positive cohort, 75% were hepatitis A seropositive, 56% had serological evidence of previous or current hepatitis B infection, and 24% had evidence of vaccination against hepatitis B infection. 19% of men tested positive for syphilis and 4% had evidence of recent infections. Compared with men in the HIV negative cohort, after adjustment for age, HIV positive participants had significantly higher prevalence of previous or current hepatitis B infection, syphilis, and anal gonorrhoea., Conclusion: This finding supports the need for frequent STI testing in HIV positive men to prevent morbidity and to decrease the risk of ongoing HIV transmission.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Sexually transmitted infection and blood-borne virus screening in juvenile correctional facilities: a review of the literature and recommendations for Australian centres.
- Author
-
Templeton DJ
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adolescent Health Services, Adult, Female, HIV Infections blood, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections etiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Hepatitis B blood, Hepatitis B epidemiology, Hepatitis B etiology, Hepatitis B prevention & control, Hepatitis C blood, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Hepatitis C etiology, Hepatitis C prevention & control, Humans, Male, New South Wales epidemiology, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Sexually Transmitted Diseases blood, Sexually Transmitted Diseases etiology, Mass Screening methods, Prisoners, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Juveniles in custody are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STI) and blood-borne viruses (BBV) due to high rates of risk behaviours., Methods: A literature review was undertaken with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations on STI/BBV screening in Australian juvenile correctional facilities. Relevant research was identified using Premedline and Medline databases, followed by a manual search of reference lists in relevant articles identified in the database search. A total of 36 relevant publications were identified and reviewed., Results: STI/BBV knowledge in incarcerated youth is poor and accompanied by high rates of sexual and blood-borne risk behaviours. The prevalence of these infections is considerable. High rates of asymptomatic gonococcal and chlamydial infections exist, which can be easily diagnosed on self-collected specimens using new nucleic acid amplification technology. HIV infections are rare although continued vigilance is needed in view of substantial risk factors for infection. Hepatitis C prevalence is high, although much lower than that of adult prisoners, signifying a possible window of opportunity for Hepatitis C prevention. Many remain at risk of Hepatitis B, and it is important to assess the need for vaccination in this group., Conclusion: Screening for STI/BBV in incarcerated juveniles is of major public health importance and all individuals should be offered screening in conjunction with risk-reduction education during their admission to juvenile detention centres.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. High rates of sexually transmissible infections in HIV-positive patients in the Australian HIV Observational Database: A prospective cohort study
- Author
-
Mulhall, BP, Wright, S, Allen, D, Brown, K, Dickson, B, Grotowski, M, Jackson, E, Petoumenos, K, Read, P, Read, T, Russell, D, Smith, DJ, Templeton, DJ, Fairley, CK, and Law, MG
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Databases, Factual ,Incidence ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Australia ,HIV Infections ,Chlamydia Infections ,Gonorrhea ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Condylomata Acuminata ,Humans ,Female ,Public Health ,Syphilis ,Prospective Studies ,Homosexuality, Male ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
© CSIRO 2014. Background In HIV-positive people, sexually transmissible infections (STIs) probably increase the infectiousness of HIV. Methods: In 2010, we established a cohort of individuals (n=554) from clinics in the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD). We calculated retrospective rates for four STIs for 2005-10 and prospective incidence rates for 2010-11. Results: At baseline (2010), patient characteristics were similar to the rest of AHOD. Overall incidence was 12.5 per 100 person-years. Chlamydial infections increased from 3.4 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-5.7) in 2005 to 6.7 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.5-9.5) in 2011, peaking in 2010 (8.1 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.6-11.2). Cases were distributed among rectal (61.9%), urethral (34%) and pharyngeal (6.3%) sites. Gonococcal infections increased, peaking in 2010 (4.7 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 5.6-11.2; Ptrend=0.0099), distributed among rectal (63.9%), urethral (27.9%) and pharyngeal (14.8%) sites. Syphilis showed several peaks, the largest in 2008 (5.3 per 100 person-years; 95% CI: 3.3-8.0); the overall trend was not significant (P=0.113). Genital warts declined from 7.5 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 4.8-11.3) in 2005 to 2.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.1-4.5) in 2011 (Ptrend=0.0016). Conclusions: For chlamydial and gonococcal infections, incidence was higher than previous Australian estimates among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, increasing during 2005-2011. Rectal infections outnumbered infections at other sites. Syphilis incidence remained high but did not increase; that of genital warts was lower and decreased.
- Published
- 2014
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.