Author: "Barbara Stenni" / Topic: settore geo/08 - geochimica e vulcanologia - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. The spatial variability in isotopic composition of surface snow and snowpits on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet

Author: Agnese Petteni, Mathieu Casado, Barbara Stenni, Giuliano Dreossi, Elise Fourré, Amaelle Landais, Joel Savarino, Andrea Spolaor, Barbara Delmonte, Silvia Becagli, and Massimo Frezzotti
Subjects: Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Ice cores, EAIIST traverse, water stable isotopes, Antarctica, Ice cores, Antarctica, water stable isotopes, EAIIST traverse
Abstract: The water isotope composition of snow precipitations, archived in the Antarctic ice sheet every year, is an important proxy of climatic conditions. This signal depends on several parameters such as local temperature, altitude, moisture source areas and air mass pathways.However, especially in areas where snow accumulation is very low (as on the East Antarctic Plateau), the isotopic composition is affected by additional spatial variability induced by the interactions between the atmosphere and snow surface, and the pristine signal may be modified through isotopic exchanges, sublimation processes and mechanical mixing originated from wind action.Here, we present the isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) and the second-order parameter d-excess of surface snow and snowpit samples collected during the Italian-French campaign in Antarctica (2019-2020). The sampling sites cover the area from Dumont D'Urville to Concordia Station and from Concordia Station towards the South Pole (EAIIST – East Antarctic International Ice Sheet Traverse). These data, compared with a previous dataset of Antarctic surface snow isotopic composition (Masson-Delmotte et al. 2008), are analyzed to determine the variability of the spatial relationship between precipitation isotopic composition and local temperature in relation to geographical parameters (latitude, distance from the coast and elevation). The interpretation of these factors determining the isotope signature is the base to better define the amount of the effects caused by subsequent interaction between atmosphere and surface snow, and by the wind action.Understanding the spatial variability of this proxy, which strongly decreases the signal-to-noise ratio, could permit to improve the use of the “isotopic thermometer” to quantify past changes in temperature based on the stable isotopic record of deep ice cores.
Published: 2023

2. Sub-millennial climate variability from high-resolution water isotopes in the EPICA Dome C ice core

Author: Antoine Grisart, Mathieu Casado, Vasileios Gkinis, Bo Vinther, Philippe Naveau, Mathieu Vrac, Thomas Laepple, Bénédicte Minster, Frederic Prié, Barbara Stenni, Elise Fourré, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Jean Jouzel, Martin Werner, Katy Pol, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Maria Hoerhold, Trevor Popp, Amaelle Landais, Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics [Venezia], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], University of Bergen (UiB), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), and Climate Sciences Department [Bremerhaven]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, CHRONOLOGY AICC2012, Stratigraphy, DEUTERIUM DATA, CYCLES, Paleontology, HYDROGEN, GREENLAND, ANTARCTIC ICE, DIFFUSION, SIGNAL, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, TEMPERATURE, RECORDS
Abstract: The EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core provides the longest continuous climatic record, covering the last 800 000 years (800 kyr). A unique opportunity to investigate decadal to millennial variability during past glacial and interglacial periods is provided by the high-resolution water isotopic record (δ18O and δD) available for the EDC ice core. We present here a continuous compilation of the EDC water isotopic record at a sample resolution of 11 cm, which consists of 27 000 δ18O measurements and 7920 δD measurements (covering, respectively, 94 % and 27 % of the whole EDC record), including published and new measurements (2900 for both δ18O and δD) for the last 800 kyr. Here, we demonstrate that repeated water isotope measurements of the same EDC samples from different depth intervals obtained using different analytical methods are comparable within analytical uncertainty. We thus combine all available EDC water isotope measurements to generate a high-resolution (11 cm) dataset for the past 800 kyr. A frequency decomposition of the most complete δ18O record and a simple assessment of the possible influence of diffusion on the measured profile shows that the variability at the multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescale is higher during glacial than during interglacial periods and higher during early interglacial isotopic maxima than during the Holocene. This analysis shows as well that during interglacial periods characterized by a temperature optimum at the beginning, the multi-centennial variability is strongest over this temperature optimum.
Published: 2022

3. Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica

Author: Amaelle Landais, Frédéric Prié, Laurent Arnaud, Mathieu Casado, Ghislain Picard, Giuliano Dreossi, Barbara Stenni, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute of Polar Sciences [Venezia-Mestre] (CNR-ISP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica [Venezia] (DAIS), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Landais, Amaelle, 1 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ, Université Paris‐Saclay Gif sur Yvette France, Picard, Ghislain, 4 Institut des Geosciences de l'Environnement (IGE) Université Grenoble Alpes / CNRS, UMR 5001 Grenoble France, Arnaud, Laurent, Dreossi, Giuliano, 5 Institute of Polar Sciences Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Mestre‐Venezia Italy, Stenni, Barbara, 6 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica DAIS Ca'Foscari University of Venice Mestre‐Venezia Italy, Prié, Frederic, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and ANR-16-CE01-0011,EAIIST,Projet International d'exploration de la calotte polaire de l'Antarctique de l'Est(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Paleoclimate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, excess, water isotopes, Snow metamorphism, Geochemistry, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, ddc:551.31, 01 natural sciences, metamorhism, Isotopic signature, Geophysics, Ice core, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Ice cores, Paleoclimatology, ddc:551.9, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation., Plain Language Summary: Water isotopes in ice core records are often used to reconstruct past climate temperature variations. Classically, the temperature signal is thought to be imprinted in water isotopes of precipitation, and then archived in the ice core as it falls, and in cold areas of Antarctica, piles up for very long period. Here, we show that the surface snow isotopic composition varies in between precipitation events, suggesting that there might be more than one contribution to the isotopic signal in ice core records. This is particularly important for low accumulation sites, where the snow at the surface remains exposed for very long time periods. The combined use of several isotopic ratios in surface snow helps us disentangle the processes that create this signal., Key Points: During summer without precipitation, intense snow metamorphism shows a strong water isotopic signature. During summer without precipitation, intense snow metamorphism shows a strong water isotopic signature. The d‐excess and 17O‐excess of the snow is a proxy of snow metamorphism for low accumulation regions., FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7 Ideas) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011199, Foundation Prince Albert of Monaco, Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung (Humboldt‐Stiftung) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156, DFG project CLIMAIC, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.934273
Published: 2021

4. Grapevine water relations and rooting depth in karstic soils

Author: Klemen Lisjak, Andrea Nardini, Tadeja Savi, Francesco Petruzzellis, Luca Zini, Elisa Moretti, Barbara Stenni, Stefano Martellos, Savi, T., Petruzzellis, F., Moretti, E., Stenni, B., Zini, L., Martellos, S., Lisjak, K., and Nardini, A.
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil texture, Water statu, 010501 environmental sciences, Vitis vinifera cv. Istrian Malvasia, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Limestone, Stable isotopes, Water status, Environmental Chemistry, Vitis, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Drought, Droughts, Italy, Water, Plant Root, Soil classification, Viti, Soil type, Stable isotope, Pollution, Infiltration (hydrology), Agronomy, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Loam, Soil water, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Red soil
Abstract: Environmental sustainability of viticulture is negatively affected by prolonged droughts. In limestone dominated regions, there is limited knowledge on grapevine water status and on methods for accurate evaluation of actual water demand, necessary to appropriately manage irrigation. During a dry vintage, we monitored plant and soil water relations in old and young vines of Istrian Malvasia on Karst red soil. The vineyard with young vines was additionally subdivided into two areas, based on their soil type, 1) karst silty-clay loam, and 2) mixture of crushed rocks and karst silty-clay loam (stony soil). Seasonal changes in exploited water resources were estimated via analysis of oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of rainfall, deep soil water, and xylem sap. We hypothesized that plants are able to thrive during drought thanks to the water stored in deep soil layers, while they rely less on superficial soil horizons. Our results show that vines growing on karstic substrates have deep roots securing the use of stable water sources during summer, with consequent favourable plant water status. In fact, both young and mature vines approached the threshold of severe water stress, but never surpassed it, as midday leaf water potentials were >−1.3 MPa in all study sites. Vines roots showed flexible water uptake, i.e. the ability to absorb water from deep or shallow soil horizons during drought and after late-summer thunderstorms, which was particularly evident in vines growing on the stony soil. In fact, precipitations of 20 mm were enough for plant water status recovery, due to fast infiltration. On the other hand, at least 50 mm of rainfall were necessary to induce water status recovery in more compact soil (karst silty-clay loam). Our findings provide new knowledge on the rooting depth and water needs of vines growing on shallow soils overlying fractured limestone bedrock.
Published: 2019

5. Synoptic to mesoscale processes affecting the water vapor isotopic daily cycle over a coastal lagoon

Author: Giancarlo Rampazzo, Giuliano Dreossi, Barbara Stenni, Daniele Zannoni, and Hans Christian Steen-Larsen
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric pressure, Settore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'Atmosfera, Mesoscale meteorology, Humidity, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Sea breeze, Water vapor Isotopes CRDS D-excess Entrainment Sea-breeze, Environmental science, Relative humidity, Surface water, Water vapor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Processes on both synoptic scale and mesoscale contribute to variations in the atmospheric water vapor isotopic signal in the lower troposphere. The drivers of the isotopic composition of water vapor at these temporal scales is a key topic of discussion. The aim of this paper is to decouple mesoscale from synoptic processes that affect the water vapor isotopic composition over a coastal lagoon and to quantify the vertical mixing and sea breeze contributions to the daily water vapor cycle. We monitored the water vapor isotopic composition at the beginning of the 2017 spring season for 21 days, at the inland boundary of the Venetian Lagoon (Italy) with a commercially available cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyzer. Mean atmospheric pressure fields and back trajectories are used to investigate the long-range transport of water vapor to the study area. Moisture source areas and d-excess correlation maps show that the control on the d-excess parameter is dominated by the mesoscale contribution. The daily cycle of water vapor is studied in detail, showing that the intrusion of air from the free atmosphere represents the main process that occurs in the morning. Under those circumstances, the morning variability of the water vapor isotopic composition can be used as a proxy for the Planetary Boundary Layer height. The study period was characterized by a constant development of the sea breeze circulation that conserved the marine signature of water vapor until the afternoon. However, the water vapor isotopic signal tends to stabilize when atmospheric conditions such as high relative humidity and a weak gradient in the atmospheric pressure field occur, leading to the establishment of an isotopic equilibrium between the atmospheric water vapor and surface waters.
Published: 2019

6. Dating of the GV7 East Antarctic ice core by high-resolution chemical records and focus on the accumulation rate variability in the last millennium

Author: Bianca Maria Narcisi, Raffaello Nardin, Andrea Spolaor, Enricomaria Selmo, Sang-Bum Hong, Claudio Scarchilli, Mirko Severi, Giuliano Dreossi, Ishaq Khan, Alessandra Amore, Virginia Ciardini, Francois Burgay, Rita Traversi, Marco Proposito, Massimo Frezzotti, Laura Caiazzo, Silvia Becagli, Barbara Stenni, Nardin, R., Severi, M., Amore, A., Becagli, S., Burgay, F., Caiazzo, L., Ciardini, V., Dreossi, G., Frezzotti, M., Hong, S. -B., Khan, I., Narcisi, B. M., Proposito, M., Scarchilli, C., Selmo, E., Spolaor, A., Stenni, B., and Traversi, R.
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Ice core, High resolution, peloclimate, Environmental protection, Environmental pollution, Drill site, TD169-171.8, GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ice core, antarctica, volcanic eruptions, Stable isotope ratio, Paleontology, East antarctica, Snow, Environmental sciences, TD172-193.5, Volcano, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Period (geology), Antarctica, Physical geography, Geology
Abstract: Ice core dating is the first step for a correct interpretation of climatic and environmental changes. In this work, we release the dating of the uppermost 197 m of the 250 m deep GV7(B) ice core (drill site, 70∘41′ S, 158∘52′ E; 1950 m a.s.l. in Oates Land, East Antarctica) with a sub-annual resolution. Chemical records of NO3-, MSA (methanesulfonic acid), non-sea-salt SO42- (nssSO42-), sea-salt ions and water stable isotopes (δ18O) were studied as candidates for dating due to their seasonal pattern. Different procedures were tested but the nssSO42- record proved to be the most reliable on the short- and long-term scales, so it was chosen for annual layer counting along the whole ice core. The dating was constrained by using volcanic signatures from historically known events as tie points, thus providing an accurate age–depth relationship for the period 1179–2009 CE. The achievement of the complete age scale allowed us to calculate the annual mean accumulation rate throughout the analyzed 197 m of the core, yielding an annually resolved history of the snow accumulation on site in the last millennium. A small yet consistent rise in accumulation rate (Tr = 1.6, p<0.001) was found for the last 830 years starting around mid-18th century.
Published: 2021

7. Spatial distribution and interannual trends of δ18O, δ2H, and deuterium excess in precipitation across North-Eastern Italy

Author: Luca Zini, Mauro Masiol, Barbara Stenni, Franco Cucchi, Francesco Treu, Chiara Calligaris, O. Flora, Giuliano Dreossi, Marzia Michelini, Daniele Karlicek, Daniele Zannoni, Masiol, M., Zannoni, D., Stenni, B., Dreossi, G., Zini, L., Calligaris, C., Karlicek, D., Michelini, M., Flora, O., Cucchi, F., and Treu, F.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, 0207 environmental engineering, Precipitation, Stable isotopes, Deuterium excess, Local meteoric water line, Vertical gradient, Mapping, 02 engineering and technology, Spatial distribution, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, medicine, 020701 environmental engineering, Settore CHIM/12 - Chimica dell'Ambiente e dei Beni Culturali, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Humid continental climate, Orography, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Stable isotope, Deuterium exce, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Spatial variability
Abstract: NE Italy presents high-quantity, high-quality and easily exploitable groundwater resources that are seriously threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This study analyzes the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of 2250 precipitation samples collected in 36 sites across the north-easternmost region of Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, between 1984 and 2015. This is an unprecedented dataset for North Italy with a high density of sampling sites and a decadal temporal extension. A series of both routine and original chemometric approaches were applied to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of the isotopic composition through relationships with geographical and weather variables. New statistical approaches were presented to model the seasonal and spatial patterns of isotopic composition as well as to summarize the large amount of isotopic data. Significant gradients of δ18O and δ2H were detected in the area due to the peculiar orography and climate of the region; the amplitude of the monthly patterns also presented similar gradients. The deuterium excess did not present a clear seasonality, but higher values were found in autumn. The deuterium excess-to-δ18O ratio exhibited typical patterns throughout the region when grouping the sites for altitude and continentality; in winter, large differences of δ18O were detected among groups, but deuterium excess remained almost unchanged. The inter-site correlations were moderately high across all the territory even for deseasonalized data. The local meteoric water line (using all the single samples δ 2 H = 7.8 · δ 18 O + 8.9 ) was also estimated at annual and seasonal basis, evidencing the presence of spatial gradients according to the orographic and weather characteristics of the region. Statistically significant increasing interannual trends (0.23–0.87‰/y) were detected in 11 sites for deuterium excess; the presence of these trends was linked to local processes. Two multiple linear regression models were applied to reconstruct the isotopic composition of precipitation at a regional scale. The stepwise approach returned the best results with root mean square errors in the 0.5-1‰, 3.5–8.2‰ and 0.9–1.5‰ intervals for δ18O, δ2H, and deuterium excess, respectively. The deuterium excess was not modelled in winter, where no relationships were found with geographic variables.
Published: 2021

8. Interglacial Antarctic–Southern Ocean climate decoupling due to moisture source area shifts

Author: Amaelle Landais, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Alexandre Cauquoin, Jean Jouzel, Bénédicte Minster, A. Grisart, Elise Fourré, Françoise Vimeux, I. Crotti, Thomas Extier, Ryu Uemura, Barbara Stenni, E. Selmo, Martin Werner, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-19-CE27-0011,NEANDROOTS,450-350 ka : un seuil dans l'évolution humaine ? Comprendre les racines du monde néandertalien(2019), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics [Venezia], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability [Parma], Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, This work is a contribution to EPICA, a joint European Science Foundation/European Commission (EU) scientific programme, funded by the European Union and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The main logistic support was provided by Institut Polaire Français Paul-Emile Victor and Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide (at Dome C) and Alfred Wegener Institute (at Dronning Maud Land). We thank the Dome C logistics teams and the drilling team that made the science possible., and European Project: 0817493(2008)
Subjects: Cryospheric science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oceanic climate, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface temperature, Ice core, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Interglacial, Sea ice, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Quaternary, Global cooling, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Succession of cold glacials and warm interglacials during the Quaternary results from large global climate responses to variable orbital configurations, accompanied by fluctuating greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the influences of sea ice and atmospheric and ocean circulations in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate, past changes in this region remain poorly documented. Here, we present the 800 ka deuterium excess record from the East Antarctica EPICA Dome C ice core, tracking sea surface temperature in evaporative regions of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from which moisture precipitated in East Antarctica is derived. We find that low obliquity leads to surface warming in evaporative moisture source regions during each glacial inception, although this relative temperature increase is counterbalanced by global cooling during glacial maxima. Links between the two regions during interglacials depends on the existence of a temperature maximum at the interglacial onset. In its absence, temperature maxima in the evaporative moisture source regions and in East Antarctica were synchronous. For the other interglacials, temperature maxima in the source areas lag early local temperature maxima by several thousand years, probably because of a change in the position of the evaporative source areas. Interglacial temperature coupling between East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean was set by the position of moisture source regions, according to an 800,000-year-long deuterium-excess ice-core record from East Antarctica.
Published: 2021

9. First discrete iron(II) records from Dome C (Antarctica) and the Holtedahlfonna glacier (Svalbard)

Author: Jean-Charles Gallet, Elena Barbaro, Francois Burgay, Clara Turetta, Elisabeth Isaksson, Barbara Stenni, Federico Scoto, Andrea Spolaor, David Cappelletti, Giuliano Dreossi, and Carlo Barbante
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Chemiluminescence, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Iron, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Ice core, Mineralogy, Antarctic Regions, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Svalbard, TRACER, Environmental Chemistry, Ice Cover, Ferrous Compounds, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dome C, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Arctic Regions, Firn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, Glacier, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Iron speciation, Snow, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Volcano, Arctic, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Environmental science
Abstract: Fe(II) is more soluble and bioavailable than Fe(III) species, therefore the investigation of their relative abundance and redox processes is relevant to better assess the supply of bioavailable iron to the ocean and its impact on marine productivity. In this context, we present a discrete chemiluminescence-based method for the determination of Fe(II) in firn matrices. The method was applied on discrete samples from a snow pit collected at Dome C (DC, Antarctica) and on a shallow firn core from the Holtedahlfonna glacier (HDF, Svalbard), providing the first Fe(II) record from both Antarctica and Svalbard. The method showed low detection limits (0.006 ng g−1 for DC and 0.003 ng g−1 for the HDF) and a precision ranging from 3% to 20% RSD. Fe(II) concentrations ranged between the LoD and 0.077 ng g−1 and between the LoD and 0.300 ng g−1 for the Antarctic and Arctic samples, respectively. The Fe(II) contribution with respect to the total dissolved Fe was comparable in both sites accounting, on average, for 5% and 3%, respectively. We found that Fe(II) correctly identified the Pinatubo/Cerro Hudson eruption in the DC record, demonstrating its reliability as volcanic tracer, while, on the HDF core, we provided the first preliminary insight on the processes that might influence Fe speciation in firn matrices (i.e. organic ligands and pH influences).
Published: 2021

10. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

Author: Marcela Sandra Tonello, Vincent Montade, Walter Finsinger, Karen J. Taylor, Manuel Chevalier, Isabelle Larocque-Tobler, Philipp Sommer, Nicholas P. McKay, Mateusz Płóciennik, Snezhana Zhilich, David F. Porinchu, Andrei Andreev, Markus Heinrichs, Tomi P. Luoto, Elena A. Ilyashuk, Anson W. Mackay, Deborah Khider, Stephen J. Roberts, Cody C. Routson, Les C. Cwynar, Samuel L Jaccard, Naomi Holmes, Kira Rehfeld, Aaron P. Potito, Emma J. Pearson, Steve Juggins, Anais Orsi, Louise C. Foster, Angela Self, Sakari Salonen, Basil A. S. Davis, Boris K. Biskaborn, Christoph Dätwyler, Sebastien Bertrand, Anne de Vernal, Jeannine Marie St-Jacques, Angelica Feurdean, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Lukas Jonkers, Heikki Seppä, Stephen J. Brooks, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Sonja Hausmann, Peter G. Langdon, Steven B. Malevich, Larisa Nazarova, Shyhrete Shala, Enikö Magyari, Matthew Peros, Scott A. Reinemann, Krystyna M. Saunders, Elena Novenko, Barbara Stenni, Yarrow Axford, Liudmila Syrykh, Julien Emile-Geay, Nicolas Rolland, Bryan G. Mark, Jianyong Li, Andria Dawson, Mathew Fox, André F. Lotter, Jessica E. Tierney, Oliver Heiri, Stefan Engels, Ian R. Walker, Andrew P. Rees, Pol Tarrats, Valerie van den Bos, Konrad Gajewski, Brian M. Chase, Eugene R. Wahl, Martin Grosjean, Boris P. Ilyashuk, Thomas Brussel, Mónika Tóth, Enlou Zhang, Darrell S. Kaufman, Olivier Cartapanis, Magaly Caniupán, Julieta Massaferro, Reinhard Pienitz, John M. Fegyveresi, Manuel Bringué, Carrie Morrill, Gaute Velle, M. P. Erb, Marie Claude Fortin, Petr Pařil, Karin A. Koinig, Richard S. Vachula, Paola Moffa-Sanchez, Jeremiah Marsicek, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Utrecht University Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, University of Arizona, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Mount Royal University, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Programme CIT, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Snecma Propulsion Solide (SPS), SAFRAN Group, University of Southern California (USC), Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), GINOP Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Geosciences and Geography [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Departemanto di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica (DAIS), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Uni Research Environment, Uni Research Ltd, University of Bath [Bath], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Department of Geosciences and Geography
Subjects: Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 580 Plants (Botany), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES, Proxy (climate), purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE, HOLOCENE, 910 Geography & travel, lcsh:Science, Holocene, LAKE VUOLEP-NJAKAJAURE, geography.geographical_feature_category, Database, EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Computer Science Applications, LATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE, PROXIES, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, geog, Geology, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, 1171 Geosciences, 010506 paleontology, NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC, DATABASE, PALEOTEMPERATURE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, Library and Information Sciences, Education, Paleoclimatology, SOUTH CHINA SEA, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Hemisphere, 1172 Environmental sciences, POLLEN-BASED RECONSTRUCTION, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Intertropical Convergence Zone, Glacier, 15. Life on land, WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Earth and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, computer
Abstract: A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. Fil: Kaufman, Darrell. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: McKay, Nicholas. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Routson, Cody. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Erb, Michael. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Davis, Basil. University Of Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Heiri, Oliver. University Of Basel; Suiza Fil: Jaccard, Samuel. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Tierney, Jessica. University of Arizona; Estados Unidos Fil: Dätwyler, Christoph. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Axford, Yarrow. Northwestern University; Estados Unidos Fil: Brussel, Thomas. University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Cartapanis, Olivier. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Chase, Brian. Universite de Montpellier; Francia Fil: Dawson, Andria. Mount Royal University; Canadá Fil: de Vernal, Anne. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canadá Fil: Engels, Stefan. University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Jonkers, Lukas. University Of Bremen; Alemania Fil: Marsicek, Jeremiah. University of Wisconsin-Madison; Estados Unidos Fil: Moffa Sánchez, Paola. University of Durham; Reino Unido Fil: Morrill, Carrie. University of Colorado; Estados Unidos Fil: Orsi, Anais. Université Paris-Saclay; Francia Fil: Rehfeld, Kira. Heidelberg University; Alemania Fil: Saunders, Krystyna. Australian Nuclear Science And Technology Organisation; Australia Fil: Sommer, Philipp. University Of Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Thomas, Elizabeth. University At Buffalo; Estados Unidos Fil: Tonello, Marcela Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Tóth, Mónika. Balaton Limnological Institute; Hungría Fil: Vachula, Richard. Brown University; Estados Unidos Fil: Andreev, Andrei. Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Alemania Fil: Bertrand, Sebastien. Ghent University; Bélgica Fil: Massaferro, Julieta. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional "Nahuel Huapi"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Published: 2020

11. A Nine-year series of daily oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of precipitation at Concordia station, East Antarctica

Author: Amaelle Landais, Virginia Ciardini, Claudio Scarchilli, Giampietro Casasanta, Mauro Masiol, Paolo Grigioni, Mathieu Casado, Alexandre Cauquoin, Giuliano Dreossi, Massimo Del Guasta, Barbara Stenni, and Martin Werner
Subjects: Series (stratigraphy), chemistry, Hydrogen, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental science, East antarctica, Precipitation, Atmospheric sciences, Oxygen, Isotopic composition
Abstract: The atmospheric processes determining the isotopic composition of precipitation on the Antarctic plateau are yet to be fully understood, as well as the post-depositional processes altering the snow pristine isotopic signal. Improving the comprehension of these physical mechanisms is of crucial importance for interpreting the isotopic records from ice cores drilled in the low accumulation area of Antarctica, e.g., the upcoming Beyond EPICA drilling at Little Dome C.Up to now, few records of the isotopic composition of precipitation in Antarctica are available, most of them limited in time or sampling frequency. Here we present a 9-year long δ18O and δD record (2008-2016) of precipitation at Concordia base, East Antarctica. The snow is collected daily on a raised platform (1 m), positioned in the clean area of the station; the precipitation collection is still being carried out each year by the winter over personnel.A significant positive correlation between isotopes in precipitation and 2-m air temperature is observed at both seasonal and interannual scale; the lowest temperature and isotopic values are usually recorded during winters characterized by a strongly positive Southern Annular Mode index.To improve the understanding of the mechanisms governing the isotopic composition of precipitation, we compare the isotopic data of Concordia samples with on-site observations, meteorological data from the Dome C AWS of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, as well as with high-resolution simulation results from the isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation models ECHAM5-wiso and ECHAM6-wiso, nudged with the ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses respectively.
Published: 2020

12. Long-term climate evolution based on ice core records

Author: Barbara Stenni
Subjects: Ice core, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Climatology, Interglacial, Before Present, Proxy (climate), Geology, Isotopic composition
Abstract: The observed climate variability at the time scales of glacial-interglacial cycles and at the millennial ones are here summarized using water isotope records obtained from deep ice cores drilled in the Antarctic continent. The use of oxygen (and/or hydrogen) isotopic composition as a temperature proxy, as well as the different climatic and postdepositional factors impacting on it, is briefly introduced. So far only two ice cores, EPICA Dome C and Dome F, extend back in time; Dome C for 800,000 years and Dome F for 720,000 years. Both isotopic records show a change in the glacial-interglacial amplitude around 450,000 years before present, the so-called Mid-Brunhes event, with a lower interglacial intensity before this event, also shown in the CO2 records. This shows a strong association between temperature and atmospheric CO2 content.
Published: 2020

13. Influence of Summer Sublimation on δD, δ18O, and δ17O in Precipitation, East Antarctica, and Implications for Climate Reconstruction From Ice Cores

Author: Wangbin Zhang, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Claudio Scarchilli, Hongxi Pang, Yuansheng Li, Frédéric Prié, Camille Risi, Barbara Stenni, S. Falourd, Yetang Wang, Shuang-Ye Wu, Bénédicte Minster, Amaelle Landais, Chunlei An, Koji Fujita, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Paolo Grigioni, Shugui Hou, Jean Jouzel, The State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science, Cold and Arid Region Environment and Engineering Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Technical University Hamburg Harburg [Hamburg], School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University (NJU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics [Venezia], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Pang, H., Hou, S., Landais, A., Masson-Delmotte, V., Jouzel, J., Steen-Larsen, H. C., Risi, C., Zhang, W., Wu, S., Li, Y., An, C., Wang, Y., Prie, F., Minster, B., Falourd, S., Stenni, B., Scarchilli, C., Fujita, K., Grigioni, P., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, water stable isotopes, Antarctica, climate, ice core, East antarctica, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Ice core, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sublimation (phase transition), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In central Antarctica, where accumulation rates are very low, summer sublimation of surface snow is a key element of the surface mass balance, but its fingerprint in isotopic composition of water (δD, δ 18 O, and δ 17 O) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the influence of summer sublimation on δD, δ 18 O, and δ 17 O in precipitation using data sets of isotopic composition of precipitation at various sites on the inland East Antarctica. We found unexpectedly low δ 18 O values in the summer precipitation, decoupled from surface air temperatures. This feature can be explained by the combined effects of weak or nonexistent temperature inversion and moisture recycling associated with sublimation-condensation processes in summer. Isotopic fractionation during the moisture-recycling process also explains the observed high values of d-excess and 17 O-excess in summer precipitation. Our results suggest that the local cycle of sublimation-condensation in summer is an important process for the isotopic composition of surface snow, water vapor, and consequently precipitation on inland East Antarctica.
Published: 2019

14. Unveiling the anatomy of Termination 3 using water and air isotopes in the Dome C ice core, East Antarctica

Author: Barbara Stenni, Markus Leuenberger, Anais Orsi, Frédéric Prié, Thomas Extier, Jean Jouzel, Amaelle Landais, Camille Bréant, Patricia Martinerie, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Ice core, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Antarctic temperature, Deglaciation, Bipolar seesaw, Deglaciations, Water and air isotopes, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Termination 3, Heinrich like events, Northern Hemisphere, Geology, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatology, Interglacial, Firn densification model
Abstract: Each glacial – interglacial transition of the Quaternary occurs in a different orbital context leading to various timing for the deglaciation and sequence of high vs low latitudes events. Termination 3, 250 kyears before present (ka), is an unusual deglaciation in the context of the last 9 deglaciations recorded in the old EPICA Dome C (EDC) Antarctic ice core: it exhibits a three-phase sequence, two warming phases separated by a small cooling, the last phase suggesting a particularly rapid temperature increase. We present here new high resolution δ15N and deuterium excess (d-excess) data from the EDC ice core to provide a detailed temperature change estimate during this termination. Then, we combined the δD and δ18O to discuss the relationship between high and low latitude changes through the d-excess. We also provide the high vs low latitude sequence of events over this deglaciation without chronological uncertainty using low latitude ice core proxies. In agreement with previous studies based on speleothem analyses, we show that the first phase of Termination 3 (256–249 ka) is associated with small Heinrich like events linked to changes in ITCZ position, monsoon activity and teleconnections with Antarctica. In a context of minimum Northern Hemisphere insolation, this leads to a rather strong Antarctic warming, as observed in the δ15N record in contrast to the relatively small δD increase. The second warming phase occurs during the rise of the Northern hemisphere insolation, with a large Heinrich like event leading to the characteristic Antarctic warming observed in the δ15N and δD increase as for the more recent terminations.
Published: 2019

15. Tree-ring δ18O from an alpine catchment reveals changes in glacier stream water inputs between 1980 and 2010

Author: Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Matthias Saurer, Maria Letizia Fumagalli, Giovanni Leonelli, Barbara Stenni, Paolo Cherubini, Giovanna Battipaglia, Manuela Pelfini, Valter Maggi, Maurizio Maugeri, Leonelli, G, Battipaglia, G, Cherubini, P, Saurer, M, Siegwolf, R, Maugeri, M, Stenni, B, Fumagalli, M, Pelfini, M, Maggi, V, Leonelli, Giovanni, Battipaglia, Giovanna, Cherubini, Paolo, Saurer, Matthia, Siegwolf, Rolf T. W., Maugeri, Maurizio, Stenni, Barbara, Fumagalli, Maria Letizia, Pelfini, Manuela, and Maggi, Valter
Subjects: Tree-ring stable isotopes, δ18O, European larch, Drainage basin, chemistry.chemical_element, Water stable isotopes, Water stable isotope, Forni Glacier, Tree-ring stable isotope, Isotopes of oxygen, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Dendrochronology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Glacier meltwater, biology, European Larch, Glacier, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology, Physical geography, Carbon
Abstract: The tree-ring stable carbon and oxygen isotope chronologies from two forest sites located in the Forni Glacier forefield (Italy)—one along the glacier stream (GL) and the other toward the valley slope (SL)—were analyzed with the aim of disentangling the precipitation and glacier meltwater inputs in source water δ18O, as reflected by the tree-ring cellulose δ18O. The cellulose δ18O from the GL trees has a negative correlation with winter and summer temperatures, whereas the cellulose δ18O from the SL trees has a positive correlation with precipitation δ18O. The isotopic signature of the source water at the GL site is also influenced by waters of glacial origin, as confirmed by the 18O-depleted glacier meltwater inputs (GMWI_δ18O) estimated by means of an isotope model. The GMWI_δ18O values are consistent with the mean difference measured between the δ18O in the glacier stream and in the precipitation and the winter and summer temperature explains up to 37 percent of the GMWI_δ18O variance. Our results show an increasing influence of glacier meltwater throughout the past decade for the GL site. Our analysis opens new opportunities to reconstruct changes in water regimes of the glacier streams by means of the tree-ring cellulose δ18O.
Published: 2019

16. Characterization of water chemistry in some communities of the Lower Tano river basin, Ghana, West Africa

Author: Kwabena Doku-Amponsah, Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo, Giuliano Dreossi, T. T. Akiti, Barbara Stenni, and Adwoba K. M. Edjah
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Carbonate minerals, Drainage basin, Geochemistry, Weathering, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrogeochemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lower Tano river basin, Isotopic studies, 2300, Earth and Planetary Sciences (all), Silicate, chemistry, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Surface water, Groundwater
Abstract: The chemistry of surface water and groundwater in some communities of the Lower Tano river basin, which is a coastal region of Ghana, has been characterized. Based on the obtained analytical results, 80% of the surface water (rivers), 100% of the hand dug wells and 96% of the boreholes in the study area are generally fresh and soft. Silicate weathering is the main hydrogeochemical processes contributing to the Na+ ions and HCO3− ions in the groundwater of the basin. Gibbs diagram used to identify the mechanisms controlling the water chemistry of the basin reveals that rock weathering resulting from silicate and carbonate minerals controls majority of the surface water and groundwater chemistry in the basin. Piper trilinear plots and Chadha’s diagram, used in this study, indicate that ion exchange processes, reverse ion exchange and rock weathering are the main hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater resources in the basin. Stable isotopic (δ2H and δ18O) composition measurements obtained from the study indicate that 30% of the surface water (rivers and lagoon) are less depleted and subjected to evaporation, while the remaining 70% is highly depleted with negligible to no evaporation. Also, the groundwater in the basin is likely recharged by direct infiltration of rainfall from the local rains of the basin together with other sources.
Published: 2019

17. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of waters in a past-mining area of southern Apuan Alps (Italy): Hydrogeological characterization and implications on the fate of potentially toxic elements

Author: Matia Menichini, Barbara Stenni, Riccardo Petrini, Giuliano Dreossi, M. Doveri, Roberto Giannecchini, and Lisa Ghezzi
Subjects: Acid mine drainages, Apuan Alps meteoric water line, Carbonate aquifers, Groundwater, Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, δ18O, Geochemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Rainwater harvesting, acid mine drainages, carbonate aquifers, groundwater, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Hydrogeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Karst, Monitoring program, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Meteoric water, Environmental science, Economic Geology, Water quality
Abstract: The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of stream water, springs, groundwater tapped from irrigation wells and acid mine drainages were determined during two different surveys in 2015 in an area highly impacted by past-mining activity of Apuan Alps (Italy), as a guidance on good practices for water management. The isotopic local meteoric water line (LMWL) was built by monthly collecting rainwater between 2014 and 2018, given by delta D = 7.02 +/- 0.35 x delta O-18 + 8.54 +/- 2.89. The obtained results indicate that acid mine drainages (AMD) are supplied by freshwater from karst systems which flow throughout the post-mining workings. Such waters contaminate by interactions with sulfides (pyrite) that remained unmined in the ore-bodies. During rainstorms, infiltration rainwater displaces water ponding within mine, sharply increasing the outflow rate of highly-contaminated AMD. Acidic drippings in tunnels show an isotopic shift in both delta O-18 and delta D values attributable to pyrite oxidation and Fe hydrolysis. The data reveal that karst-springs represents the primary supply for the stream. The isotopic data also reveal that waters flowing in the bedrock carbonate aquifer represent the main feeding component for the overlying alluvial aquifer tapped by wells. The prevailing transfer of clean freshwaters from the carbonate aquifer towards the alluvial aquifer system mitigates the possible influence of contaminated water from stream seepage. However, these observations require a monitoring program on water quality to be established.
Published: 2019

18. A new Eemian record of Antarctic tephra layers retrieved from the Talos Dome ice core (Northern Victoria Land)

Author: Antonio Langone, Jean-Robert Petit, Biancamaria Narcisi, Barbara Stenni, Ente per le Nuove Technologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA), Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IGG-CNR, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Narcisi, B.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Antarctic ice core, Population, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Last Interglacial, 01 natural sciences, Antarctic ice cores, Glass shard microanalysis, Northern Victoria Land volcanism, Tephra layers, Tephrostratigraphy, Paleontology, Glass shard microanalysis Tephrostratigraphy, Ice core, Glacial period, education, Tephra, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, geography, Eemian, geography.geographical_feature_category, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Interglacial, Glass shard microanalysi, Ice sheet, Quaternary, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Polar ice sheets are remarkable repositories of tephra layers. The Talos Dome ice core (72°49′S, 159°11′E), drilled at the edge of the East Antarctic Plateau, close to Late Quaternary volcanoes, offers considerable potential to extend the current tephra time-stratigraphic framework. A tephrochronological study was undertaken of the ice core sections related to the Last Interglacial and the transition to the subsequent glacial period. Thirteen macroscopically visible layers, interpreted to be related to primary deposition of fallout tephra, have been analysed for quantitative grain size and glass shard geochemistry. The layers, precisely framed within the climate (δ18O) record for the core, span in age from 111.6 ± 1.9 to 123.3 ± 2.2 ka. Coarse particle size suggests origin from regional sources. Indeed, the vast majority of the samples display an alkaline affinity and trachytic composition that are both typical geochemical features of rifting Antarctic volcanism. Using subtle differences in the geochemical signatures and the comparison with data from previous studies, a few layers are attributed to known coeval Mt. Melbourne eruptions. Another sample subset is consistent with derivation from The Pleiades and Mt. Rittmann volcanoes. One peculiar trachytic glass population appears to be related to activity of the more distant Marie Byrd Land volcanoes. The newly detected tephras provide stratigraphic markers that could facilitate future synchronisation and dating of palaeoclimatic records. The Talos Dome tephra inventory also contributes significantly to the reconstruction of the Northern Victoria Land explosive volcanism, for which chronostratigraphic data for the Last Interglacial temporal segment are poor.
Published: 2016

19. Volcanic Fluxes Over the Last Millennium as Recorded in the Gv7 Ice Core (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)

Author: Barbara Stenni, Raffaello Nardin, Massimo Frezzotti, Mirko Severi, Alessandra Amore, Silvia Becagli, Laura Caiazzo, Rita Traversi, Nardin, R., Amore, A., Becagli, S., Caiazzo, L., Frezzotti, M., Severi, M., Stenni B., &amp, and Traversi, R.
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ice cores, Volcanism, 01 natural sciences, volcanism, Antarctica, ion chromatography, paleoclimate, tephra, Ice core, Paleoclimatology, Tephra, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geology, Volcano, Stratigraphy, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Martian polar ice caps, Physical geography, ice core, Geology
Abstract: Major explosive volcanic eruptions may significantly alter the global atmosphere for about 2&ndash, 3 years. During that period, volcanic products (mainly H2SO4) with high residence time, stored in the stratosphere or, for shorter times, in the troposphere are gradually deposited onto polar ice caps. Antarctic snow may thus record acidic signals providing a history of past volcanic events. The high resolution sulphate concentration profile along a 197 m long ice core drilled at GV7 (Northern Victoria land) was obtained by Ion Chromatography on around 3500 discrete samples. The relatively high accumulation rate (241 &plusmn, 13 mm we yr &minus, 1) and the 5-cm sampling resolution allowed a preliminary counted age scale. The obtained stratigraphy covers roughly the last millennium and 24 major volcanic eruptions were identified, dated, and tentatively ascribed to a source volcano. The deposition flux of volcanic sulphate was calculated for each signature and the results were compared with data from other Antarctic ice cores at regional and continental scale. Our results show that the regional variability is of the same order of magnitude as the continental one.
Published: 2020

20. Abrupt ice-age shifts in southern westerly winds and Antarctic climate forced from the north

Author: Justin J. Wettstein, Joel B Pedro, Harald Sodemann, Barbara Stenni, Shuji Fujita, Eric J. Steig, Feng He, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Ryu Uemura, Hideaki Motoyama, Frédéric Parrenin, Kenji Kawamura, Tyler J. Fudge, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Bradley R. Markle, Michael Sigl, Mirko Severi, Joseph R. McConnell, Christo Buizert, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Desert Research Institute (DRI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, japan (SOKENDAI), University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa], Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Nanchang Hangkong University
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, Ocean current, Northern Hemisphere, Climate change, Westerlies, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Ice age, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Southern Hemisphere, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Teleconnection
Abstract: The mid-latitude westerly winds of the Southern Hemisphere play a central role in the global climate system via Southern Ocean upwelling, carbon exchange with the deep ocean, Agulhas leakage (transport of Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic) and possibly Antarctic ice-sheet stability. Meridional shifts of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds have been hypothesized to occur in parallel with the well-documented shifts of the intertropical convergence zone in response to Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events - abrupt North Atlantic climate change events of the last ice age. Shifting moisture pathways to West Antarctica are consistent with this view but may represent a Pacific teleconnection pattern forced from the tropics. The full response of the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation to the DO cycle and its impact on Antarctic temperature remain unclear. Here we use five ice cores synchronized via volcanic markers to show that the Antarctic temperature response to the DO cycle can be understood as the superposition of two modes: a spatially homogeneous oceanic bipolar seesaw mode that lags behind Northern Hemisphere climate by about 200 years, and a spatially heterogeneous atmospheric mode that is synchronous with abrupt events in the Northern Hemisphere. Temperature anomalies of the atmospheric mode are similar to those associated with present-day Southern Annular Mode variability, rather than the Pacific-South American pattern. Moreover, deuterium-excess records suggest a zonally coherent migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds over all ocean basins in phase with Northern Hemisphere climate. Our work provides a simple conceptual framework for understanding circum-Antarctic temperature variations forced by abrupt Northern Hemisphere climate change. We provide observational evidence of abrupt shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, which have previously documented ramifications for global ocean circulation and atmospheric carbon dioxide. These coupled changes highlight the necessity of a global, rather than a purely North Atlantic, perspective on the DO cycle.
Published: 2018

21. Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores

Author: Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Thomas Münch, Thomas Laepple, Barbara Stenni, Giuliano Dreossi, Alexey Ekaykin, Laurent Arnaud, Christophe Genthon, Alexandra Touzeau, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences, Universita di Trieste, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute ( AARI ), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring ( Roshydromet ), Laboratoire Géomatériaux ( DGCB-LGM ), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Università degli studi di Trieste, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Géomatériaux (DGCB-LGM), and École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, ddc:550, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, human activities, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:910
Abstract: International audience; The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic Plateau. Water isotopes are key proxies to reconstructing past climatic conditions over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of climate reconstructions depends on knowledge of all processes affecting water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic compositions. Fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in trajectory-based Rayleigh distillation and isotope-enabled climate models. However, a quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering snow isotopic composition after deposition is still missing. In low-accumulation sites, such as those found in East Antarctica, these poorly constrained processes are likely to play a significant role and limit the interpretability of an ice core's isotopic composition. By combining observations of isotopic composition in vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow from Dome C, a deep ice core site on the East Antarctic Plateau, we found indications of a seasonal impact of metamorphism on the surface snow isotopic signal when compared to the initial precipitation. Particularly in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the diurnal sublimation-condensation cycles. Overall, we observe in between precipitation events modification of the surface snow isotopic composition. Using high-resolution water isotopic composition profiles from snow pits at five Antarctic sites with different accumulation rates, we identified common patterns which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. These differences in the precipitation, surface snow and buried snow isotopic composition provide evidence of post-deposition processes affecting ice core records in low-accumulation areas.
Published: 2018

22. The atmospheric water cycle of a coastal lagoon: an isotope study of the interactions between water vapor, precipitation and surface waters

Author: Barbara Stenni, Daniele Zannoni, Giancarlo Rampazzo, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Giuliano Dreossi, and Andrea Bergamasco
Subjects: Evapotranspiration, Lagoon, Precipitation, Stable isotopes, Surface water, Water vapor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Settore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'Atmosfera, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Isotopic signature, Water cycle, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Moisture, Humidity, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Environmental science
Abstract: The interaction between the different components of the water cycle at ecosystem scale is of great interest in hydroecology. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in the water molecule can be used to study these processes quantitatively due to their different physical properties. This study aims at quantifying the contribution of local moisture sources to the isotopic signature of water vapor in the specific estuary system of a coastal lagoon. Here we present a framework of the isotopic composition of the atmospheric water cycle components (water vapor and precipitation) for the coastal lagoon of Venice (Italy) and we discuss the interaction between the atmospheric component and the surface component of the local water cycle, i.e. the atmospheric moisture and the lagoon water. The Venetian Lagoon is an enclosed basin with low freshwater influx, resulting in the presence of large horizontal gradients of the isotopic composition of surface water. This feature allows to determine the sensitivity of the isotopic signal in near surface atmospheric moisture under a range of humidity conditions. We observed that when the lower atmosphere is close to water vapor saturation pressure condition, the isotopic composition of water vapor at the ground appears to be in isotopic equilibrium with lagoon surface water in a range of approximately 6–26 km from the sampling point. On the other hand, under unsaturated conditions, we estimated that lagoon evaporation flux accounts on average for ∼27% to the daily (06–18 Local Sidereal Time) total evapotranspiration surface flux. This is the first study that discusses the spatio-temporal variability of water vapor, precipitation and surface water isotopic composition for a coastal lagoon, thus including the major components of the local water cycle in an estuarine system with the isotope approach.
Published: 2018
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23. Vineyard water relations in a karstic area: deep roots and irrigation management

Author: Andrea Nardini, Francesco Petruzzellis, Stefano Martellos, Klemen Lisjak, Tadeja Savi, Luca Zini, Barbara Stenni, Anna Dal Borgo, Savi, Tadeja, Petruzzellis, Francesco, Martellos, Stefano, Stenni, Barbara, Dal Borgo, Anna, Zini, Luca, Lisjak, Klemen, and Nardini, Andrea
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Irrigation, Drought stress, Deficit irrigation, Water statu, Vitis vinifera cv. Malvasia Istriana, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Limestone soils, VITIS-VINIFERA, Water status, Drought stress, Oxygen isotopes, Vitis vinifera cv. Malvasia Istriana, Limestone soils REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION, VITIS-VINIFERA, STRUCTURAL RESPONSES, ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES, STOMATAL BEHAVIOR, CLIMATE-CHANGE, GRAPEVINE, DROUGHT, FIELD, GROWTH, GRAPEVINE, FIELD, Irrigation management, Limestone soils REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION, DROUGHT, Transpiration, Topsoil, CLIMATE-CHANGE, ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES, Ecology, fungi, Oxygen isotopes, Water status, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, STRUCTURAL RESPONSES, Oxygen isotope, Water resources, Agronomy, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, STOMATAL BEHAVIOR, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, GROWTH, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Drought stre, Limestone soil, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Ongoing variations in rainfall and temperature regimes affect the physiology and productivity of grapevines, calling for irrigation in drought-prone areas. During vintage 2015, we monitored plants water status and indirectly assessed rooting depth and exploited water sources (oxygen isotope analyses) in a mature Vitis vinifera cv. Malvasia Istriana vineyard on red soils ("terra rossa") developed on highly permeable carbonate rocks. We also investigated effects of topsoil irrigation or late summer rains on plant water status and yield. Under the harsh summer environmental conditions of 2015, the plant water status was overall favorable (moderate water deficit) and never reached critical levels, suggesting that irrigation was not mandatory. Leaf conductance to water vapor (g(L)) measured in July decreased by about 70% compared to spring, while minimum leaf water potential (Psi(min)) dropped by only 16%, suggesting an isohydric behavior of the cultivar (strict stomatal control of transpiration). Both Psi(min) and g(L) reached a minimum in July (peak of drought), and returned to pre-drought values in late summer. Rainfalls or supplemental irrigation (about 40 mm) promoted prompt recovery of plant water status. Irrigation treatments or occasional summer rainfalls can influence the water status of plants, although roots have access to deep water sources. In fact, the isotopic composition of xylem sap was similar to that of soil water sampled in a nearby deep cave, supporting the hypothesis that deep soil is the main water source for grapevines in karstic areas during summertime. Deficit irrigation, based on careful evaluation of physiological indicators of plant water status, might be an effective strategy for promoting sustainable viticulture, and a rationale use of water resources in karstic ecosystems.
Published: 2018

24. The global distribution of natural tritium in precipitation simulated with an Atmospheric General Circulation Model and comparison with observations

Author: Amaelle Landais, Camille Risi, Philippe Jean-Baptiste, Barbara Stenni, Elise Fourré, Alexandre Cauquoin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Università degli studi di Trieste, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste
Subjects: ITASE TRAVERSE, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, CUMULUS CONVECTION, Troposphere, REANALYSIS, ISOTOPIC SNOW VARIABILITY, stratospheric air intrusions STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), WATER, Precipitation, Water cycle, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Stratosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, EAST ANTARCTICA, Isotope, tritium, Stable isotope ratio, hydrological cycle, GCM, tritium, hydrological cycle, GCM, stratospheric air intrusions STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE, ISOTOPIC SNOW VARIABILITY, CUMULUS CONVECTION, EAST ANTARCTICA, ITASE TRAVERSE, WATER, CLIMATE, REANALYSIS, TRANSPORT, FALLOUT, TRANSPORT, FALLOUT, CLIMATE, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geophysics, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, General Circulation Model, Climatology, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Tritium, Geology
Abstract: The description of the hydrological cycle in Atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) can be validated using water isotopes as tracers. Many GCMs now simulate the movement of the stable isotopes of water, but here we present the first GCM simulations modelling the content of natural tritium in water. These simulations were obtained using a version of the LMDZ General Circulation Model enhanced by water isotopes diagnostics, LMDZ-iso. To avoid tritium generated by nuclear bomb testing, the simulations have been evaluated against a compilation of published tritium datasets dating from before 1950, or measured recently. LMDZ-iso correctly captures the observed tritium enrichment in precipitation as oceanic air moves inland (the so-called continental effect) and the observed north-south variations due to the latitudinal dependency of the cosmogenic tritium production rate. The seasonal variability, linked to the stratospheric intrusions of air masses with higher tritium content into the troposphere, is correctly reproduced for Antarctica with a maximum in winter. LMDZ-iso reproduces the spring maximum of tritium over Europe, but underestimates it and produces a peak in winter that is not apparent in the data. This implementation of tritium in a GCM promises to provide a better constraint on: (1) the intrusions and transport of air masses from the stratosphere and (2) the dynamics of the modelled water cycle. The method complements the existing approach of using stable water isotopes., Accepted paper version. See published version in EPSL Elsevier website
Published: 2015

25. The influence of the synoptic regime on stable water isotopes in precipitation at Dome C, East Antarctica

Author: Elisabeth Schlosser, Anna Dittmann, Barbara Stenni, Jordan G. Powers, Kevin W. Manning, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Mauro Valt, Anselmo Cagnati, Paolo Grigioni, Claudio Scarchilli, Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARPA Center of Avalanches, Arabba, ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria, Rome, Italy, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, DRONNING MAUD LAND, WEST ANTARCTICA, FORECASTING WRF MODEL, SURFACE SNOW, ICE CORES, DRONNING MAUD LAND, MESOSCALE-PREDICTION-SYSTEM, POLAR WEATHER RESEARCH, FORECASTING WRF MODEL, SURFACE SNOW, WEST ANTARCTICA, ICE CORES, ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, DEUTERIUM EXCESS, ACCUMULATION, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, POLAR WEATHER RESEARCH, DEUTERIUM EXCESS, MESOSCALE-PREDICTION-SYSTEM, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ACCUMULATION
Abstract: The correct derivation of paleotemperatures from ice cores requires exact knowledge of all processes involved before and after the deposition of snow and the subsequent formation of ice. At the Antarctic deep ice core drilling site Dome C, a unique data set of daily precipitation amount, type, and stable water isotope ratios is available that enables us to study in detail atmospheric processes that influence the stable water isotope ratio of precipitation. Meteorological data from both automatic weather station and a mesoscale atmospheric model were used to investigate how different atmospheric flow patterns determine the precipitation parameters. A classification of synoptic situations that cause precipitation at Dome C was established and, together with back-trajectory calculations, was utilized to estimate moisture source areas. With the resulting source area conditions (wind speed, sea surface temperature, and relative humidity) as input, the precipitation stable isotopic composition was modeled using the so-called Mixed Cloud Isotope Model (MCIM). The model generally underestimates the depletion of 18O in precipitation, which was not improved by using condensation temperature rather than inversion temperature. Contrary to the assumption widely used in ice core studies, a more northern moisture source does not necessarily mean stronger isotopic fractionation. This is due to the fact that snowfall events at Dome C are often associated with warm air advection due to amplification of planetary waves, which considerably increases the site temperature and thus reduces the temperature difference between source area and deposition site. In addition, no correlation was found between relative humidity at the moisture source and the deuterium excess in precipitation. The significant difference in the isotopic signal of hoarfrost and diamond dust was shown to disappear after removal of seasonality. This study confirms the results of an earlier study carried out at Dome Fuji with a shorter data set using the same methods.
Published: 2017

26. Prominent features in isotopic, chemical and dust stratigraphies from coastal East Antarctic ice sheet (Eastern Wilkes Land)

Author: Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Heejin Hwang, Barbara Stenni, Jacopo Gabrieli, Rita Traversi, Silvia Becagli, Biancamaria Narcisi, Roberto Udisti, I. Crotti, Massimo Frezzotti, Giuliano Dreossi, Mirko Severi, E. Selmo, Sang-Bum Hong, Laura Caiazzo, Yeongcheol Han, Giovanni Baccolo, Jung-Ho Kang, Andrea Spolaor, Soon Do Hur, Barbara Delmonte, Marco Proposito, Fabio Giardi, Carlo Barbante, Michele Bertò, Caiazzo, L., Baccolo, G., Barbante, C., Becagli, S., Berto, M., Ciardini, V., Crotti, I., Delmonte, B., Dreossi, G., Frezzotti, M., Gabrieli, J., Giardi, F., Han, Y., Hong, S. -B., Hur, S. D., Hwang, H., Kang, J. -H., Narcisi, B., Proposito, M., Scarchilli, C., Selmo, E., Severi, M., Spolaor, A., Stenni, B., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Caiazzo, L, Baccolo, G, Barbante, C, Becagli, S, Bertò, M, Ciardini, V, Crotti, I, Delmonte, B, Dreossi, G, Frezzotti, M, Gabrieli, J, Giardi, F, Han, Y, Hong, S, Hur, S, Hwang, H, Kang, J, Narcisi, B, Proposito, M, Scarchilli, C, Selmo, E, Severi, M, Spolaor, A, Stenni, B, Traversi, R, and Udisti, R
Subjects: Snow pit, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical composition, Dating, East Antarctica, GV7, Seasonal pattern, Chemistry (all), Environmental Chemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, GEO/04 - GEOGRAFIA FISICA E GEOMORFOLOGIA, Antarctic ice sheet, Antarctic Regions, Mineral dust, Oxygen Isotopes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, Snow, Ice Cover, Oxygen Isotope, Precipitation, Aerosol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, Antarctic Region, Pacific Ocean, Sulfur Compounds, Firn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Australia, Dust, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Sea spray, Pollution, Oceanography, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Environmental science, Physical geography, Seasons, Season, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: In this work we present the isotopic, chemical and dust stratigraphies of two snow pits sampled in 2013/14at GV7 (coastal East Antarctica: 70°41′ S - 158°51′ E, 1950 m a.s.l.). A large number of chemical species are measured aiming to study their potentiality as environmental changes markers. Seasonal cluster backward trajectories analysis was performed and compared with chemical marker stratigraphies. Sea spray aerosol is delivered to the sampling site together with snow precipitation especially in autumn-winter by air masses arising from Western Pacific Ocean sector. Dust show maximum concentration in spring when the air masses arising from Ross Sea sector mobilize mineral dust from ice-free areas of the Transantarctic mountains. The clear seasonal pattern of sulfur oxidized compounds allows the dating of the snow-pit and the calculation of the mean accumulation rate, which is 242±71mm w.e. for the period 2008–2013. Methanesulfonic acid and NO3− do not show any concentration decreasing trend as depth increases, also considering a 12m firn core record. Therefore these two compounds are not affected by post-depositional processes at this site and can be considered reliable markers for past environmental changes reconstruction. The rBC snow-pit record shows the highest values in summer 2012 likely related to large biomass burning even occurred in Australia in this summer. The undisturbed accumulation rate for this site is demonstrated by the agreement between the chemical stratigraphies and the annual accumulation rate of the two snow-pits analysed in Italian and Korean laboratories.
Published: 2017

27. Sea salt sodium record from Talos Dome (East Antarctica) as a potential proxy of the Antarctic past sea ice extent

Author: Ester Colizza, Silvia Becagli, Mirko Severi, Claudio Scarchilli, Virginia Ciardini, Fabio Giardi, Roberto Udisti, Karin Mezgec, Barbara Stenni, Laura Caiazzo, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Rita Traversi, Scarchilli, C., Severi, M, Becagli, S., Caiazzo, L., Ciardini, V., Colizza, Ester, Giardi, F., Mezgec, K., Stenni, B., Thomas, E. R., Traversi, R., and Udisti, R.
Subjects: Arctic sea ice decline, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Climate, Antarctic Regions, Antarctic sea ice, Antarctica, Climate change, Ice-core, Paleo reconstruction, Ross Sea, Sea-ice, Chemistry (all), Environmental Chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Meteorology, Ice core, Sea ice, Cryosphere, Seawater, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Antarctic Region, Drift ice, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Pacific Ocean, Sodium, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Linear Models, Pollution, Arctic ice pack, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Linear Model, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: Antarctic sea ice has shown an increasing trend in recent decades, but with strong regional differences from one sector to another of the Southern Ocean. The Ross Sea and the Indian sectors have seen an increase in sea ice during the satellite era (1979 onwards). Here we present a record of ssNa+ flux in the Talos Dome region during a 25-year period spanning from 1979 to 2003, showing that this marker could be used as a potential proxy for reconstructing the sea ice extent in the Ross Sea and Western Pacific Ocean at least for recent decades. After finding a positive relationship between the maxima in sea ice extent for a 25-year period, we used this relationship in the TALDICE record in order to reconstruct the sea ice conditions over the 20th century. Our tentative reconstruction highlighted a decline in the sea ice extent (SIE) starting in the 1950s and pointed out a higher variability of SIE starting from the 1960s and that the largest sea ice extents of the last century occurred during the 1990s. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2017

28. Holocene sea ice variability driven by wind and polynya efficiency in the Ross Sea

Author: Maria Cristina Salvatore, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Baroni, Claudio Scarchilli, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Xavier Crosta, Rita Traversi, Barbara Stenni, Karin Mezgec, Martina Braida, Massimo Frezzotti, Roberto Udisti, Ester Colizza, Mirko Severi, Romana Melis, Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Università degli studi di Trieste, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Trieste, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Ciardini, V., Scarchilli, C., Mezgec, K., Stenni, B., Crosta, X., Masson-Delmotte, V., Baroni, C., Braida, M., Colizza, E., Melis, Roberta, Salvatore, M. C., Severi, M., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Frezzotti, M., Baroni, Carlo, Melis, R., Scarchilli, Claudio, and Frezzotti, Monica
Subjects: Arctic sea ice decline, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Sea ice, General Physics and Astronomy, Antarctic sea ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Physics and Astronomy (all), Ice core, parasitic diseases, katabatic wind, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Drift ice, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, polynyas, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Holocene, Chemistry (all), General Chemistry, Arctic ice pack, marine and continental proxies data, Ross sea, Oceanography, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Interglacial, Sea ice thickness, Antarctica, lcsh:Q, Sea ice, polynyas, marine and continental proxies data, katabatic wind, palaeoclimate, Holocene, Ross sea, Antarctica, human activities, Geology
Abstract: The causes of the recent increase in Antarctic sea ice extent, characterised by large regional contrasts and decadal variations, remain unclear. In the Ross Sea, where such a sea ice increase is reported, 50% of the sea ice is produced within wind-sustained latent-heat polynyas. Combining information from marine diatom records and sea salt sodium and water isotope ice core records, we here document contrasting patterns in sea ice variations between coastal and open sea areas in Western Ross Sea over the current interglacial period. Since about 3600 years before present, an increase in the efficiency of regional latent-heat polynyas resulted in more coastal sea ice, while sea ice extent decreased overall. These past changes coincide with remarkable optima or minima in the abundances of penguins, silverfish and seal remains, confirming the high sensitivity of marine ecosystems to environmental and especially coastal sea ice conditions., Strong regional heterogeneity prevents thorough understanding of the recent increase in Antarctic sea ice. Here, analysis of marine and ice cores in the Western Ross Sea shows that late Holocene contrasting sea ice patterns between open and coastal areas are related to katabatic winds and polynya efficiency.
Published: 2017

29. Isotopic features of precipitation and groundwater from the Eastern Alps of Italy: results from the Mt. Tinisa hydrogeological system

Author: Federico Cervi, Lisa Borgatti, Barbara Stenni, Giuliano Dreossi, Marzia Michelini, Gianluca Marcato, Cervi, F., Borgatti, Lisa, Dreossi, G., Marcato, G., Michelini, M., and Stenni, B.
Subjects: Rainfall, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Eastern Alps, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, Aquifer, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Rainwater harvesting, Eastern Alp, Environmental Chemistry, Precipitation, Mean residence time, Groundwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, geography, Global and Planetary Change, Hydrogeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Italy, Water isotopes, Pollution, Geology, Groundwater recharge, Water isotope, 020801 environmental engineering, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Meteoric water, Surface runoff
Abstract: This study analyses water stable isotopes data collected from precipitation (one rain gauge) and groundwater outlets (seven occurrences and two springs) at Mt. Tinisa, in the Eastern Alps of Italy. Limestones and dolostones outcrop in the mountain relief, making up a single aquifer which feeds the monitored outlets with almost steady discharges. Lack of runoff in the streambeds throughout the whole year means that all meteoric water can be considered as recharging the aquifer. Sampling was undertaken during the periods 2005â2010 (precipitation) and 2014â2015 (groundwater) via monthly and two/three-monthly field-activities, respectively, which allowed a total of 138 water samples to be gathered and analysed. Results highlighted the presence of apparent isotopic anomalies in groundwater in comparison with meteoric water. The study demonstrates that the assessment of groundwater residence time and estimates of the mean monthly isotopic content in rainwater have been necessary to correctly compare the two isotopic datasets and relate the anomaly to the recharge time-window, occurring in the late autumn.
Published: 2017

30. Larix decidua δ18O tree-ring cellulose mainly reflects the isotopic signature of winter snow in a high-altitude glacial valley of the European Alps

Author: Giovanni Leonelli, Maurizio Maugeri, Giovanna Battipaglia, Matthias Saurer, Barbara Stenni, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Valter Maggi, Manuela Pelfini, Paolo Cherubini, Stella Fusco, Leonelli, G, Battipaglia, G, Cherubini, P, Saurer, M, Siegwolf, R, Maugeri, M, Stenni, B, Fusco, S, Maggi, V, Pelfini, M, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Leonelli, Giovanni, Battipaglia, Giovanna, Cherubini, Paolo, Saurer, Matthia, Siegwolf, Rolf T. W., Maugeri, Maurizio, Stenni, Barbara, Fusco, Stella, Maggi, Valter, and Pelfini, Manuela
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Dendroclimatology, Dendroecology, European larch, Stable isotopes, Tree rings, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Growing season, 01 natural sciences, Dendrochronology, Glacial period, tree rings, stable isotopes, glaciers, European Alps, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, biology, European Larch, 15. Life on land, Snow, biology.organism_classification, Stable isotope, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical geography, Larch, Tree ring, Geology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; We analyzed the chronologies of cellulose stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) and tree-ring widths from European larch (Larix decidua) in a high-altitude site (2190ma.s.l.) at the bottom of a glacial valley in the Italian Alps, and investigated their dependence on monthly meteorological variables and δ18O precipitation values. The δ18O of tree-ring cellulose appears to be strongly driven by the δ18O of winter snowfall (November to March), which suggests that larch trees mostly use the snow-melt water of the previous winter during the growing season. This water, which also comes from the slope streams and from the underground flow of nearby steep slopes, infiltrates the soil in the valley bottom. The tree-ring cellulose δ18O values were also found to be influenced by the August precipitation δ18O and mean temperature. The associated regression model shows that the δ18O chronology from the tree rings explains up to 34% of the variance in the winter precipitation δ18O record, demonstrating the potential for reconstructing the δ18O isotopic composition of past winter precipitation in the study region. Unlike most other tree-ring studies that focus on growing season signals, in our study the summer signal was small and the winter signal dominant due to the special conditions of the glacial valley. Site topography, geomorphology and soil characteristics in particular influence the stable isotope signal in tree-ring cellulose.
Published: 2017

31. Acquisition of isotopic composition for surface snow in East Antarctica and the links to climatic parameters

Author: Amaelle Landais, Emmanuel Le Meur, Joel Savarino, Shuji Fujita, Eugeni Barkan, Ryu Uemura, Mathieu Casado, Camille Risi, Mélanie Baroni, Sarah Guilbaud, Olivier Magand, Alexey A. Ekaykin, Grégory Teste, Kotaro Fukui, Alexandra Touzeau, Ilann Bourgeois, Boaz Luz, Barbara Stenni, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departemanto di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica (DAIS), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa], Tateyama Caldera Sabo Museum, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, japan (SOKENDAI), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Saint Petersburg State Technical University, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University (SPSPU), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), The Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, WATER-STABLE ISOTOPES, DRONNING MAUD LAND, ACCUMULATION RATE, VOSTOK STATION, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL, GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CHANGES, DEUTERIUM EXCESS SIGNAL, WATER-STABLE ISOTOPES, GREENLAND ICE CORES, DRONNING MAUD LAND, ACCUMULATION RATE, VOSTOK STATION, DOME-C, TEMPORAL VARIABILITY, GREENLAND ICE CORES, Dome (geology), Ice core, TEMPORAL VARIABILITY, DEUTERIUM EXCESS SIGNAL, Glacial period, Precipitation, GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:GE1-350, Moisture, lcsh:QE1-996.5, GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CHANGES, 15. Life on land, Snow, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Kinetic fractionation, Stage (hydrology), DOME-C, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The isotopic compositions of oxygen and hydrogen in ice cores are invaluable tools for the reconstruction of past climate variations. Used alone, they give insights into the variations of the local temperature, whereas taken together they can provide information on the climatic conditions at the point of origin of the moisture. However, recent analyses of snow from shallow pits indicate that the climatic signal can become erased in very low accumulation regions, due to local processes of snow reworking. The signal-to-noise ratio decreases and the climatic signal can then only be retrieved using stacks of several snow pits. Obviously, the signal is not completely lost at this stage, otherwise it would be impossible to extract valuable climate information from ice cores as has been done, for instance, for the last glaciation. To better understand how the climatic signal is passed from the precipitation to the snow, we present here results from varied snow samples from East Antarctica. First, we look at the relationship between isotopes and temperature from a geographical point of view, using results from three traverses across Antarctica, to see how the relationship is built up through the distillation process. We also take advantage of these measures to see how second-order parameters (d-excess and 17 O-excess) are related to δ 18 O and how they are controlled. d-excess increases in the interior of the continent (i.e., when δ 18 O decreases), due to the distillation process, whereas 17 O-excess decreases in remote areas, due to kinetic fractionation at low temperature. In both cases, these changes are associated with the loss of original information regarding the source. Then, we look at the same relationships in precipitation samples collected over 1 year at Dome C and Vos-tok, as well as in surface snow at Dome C. We note that the slope of the δ 18 O vs. temperature (T) relationship decreases in these samples compared to those from the traverses, and thus caution is advocated when using spatial slopes for past Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 838 A. Touzeau et al.: Acquisition of isotopic composition for surface snow in East Antarctica climate reconstruction. The second-order parameters behave in the same way in the precipitation as in the surface snow from traverses, indicating that similar processes are active and that their interpretation in terms of source climatic parameters is strongly complicated by local temperature effects in East Antarctica. Finally we check if the same relationships between δ 18 O and second-order parameters are also found in the snow from four snow pits. While the d-excess remains opposed to δ 18 O in most snow pits, the 17 O-excess is no longer positively correlated to δ 18 O and even shows anti-correlation to δ 18 O at Vostok. This may be due to a strato-spheric influence at this site and/or to post-deposition processes .
Published: 2016

32. Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface climate

Author: Xavier Crosta, Julie M. Jones, Nerilie J. Abram, Adele K. Morrison, Matthew H. England, Hugues Goosse, Anais Orsi, Kyle R. Clem, Eric J. Steig, Tessa Vance, Sarah T. Gille, James A. Renwick, Dan J. Charman, Ryan L. Fogt, Marilyn N. Raphael, Pablo O. Canziani, Graham Simpkins, Casimir de Lavergne, Leela M. Frankcombe, Barbara Stenni, David P. Schneider, Gareth J. Marshall, Ian Eisenman, Didier Swingedouw, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Department of Geography [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Australian National University (ANU), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics [Coventry], Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing [Coventry], Coventry University -Coventry University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental Science and Management, CLIMATE CHANGE, Magnitude (mathematics), Climate change, Context (language use), Forcing (mathematics), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Atmospheric Sciences, Investigación Climatológica, Atmosphere, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, 14. Life underwater, Southern Hemisphere, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Mode (statistics), Climate Action, ANTARCTICA, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice observations in this region and assess their trends in the context of palaeoclimate records and climate model simulations. Over the 36-year satellite era, significant linear trends in annual mean sea-ice extent, surface temperature and sea-level pressure are superimposed on large interannual to decadal variability. Most observed trends, however, are not unusual when compared with Antarctic palaeoclimate records of the past two centuries. With the exception of the positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode, climate model simulations that include anthropogenic forcing are not compatible with the observed trends. This suggests that natural variability overwhelms the forced response in the observations, but the models may not fully represent this natural variability or may overestimate the magnitude of the forced response. Fil: Jones, Julie. University of Sheffield; Reino Unido Fil: Gille, Sarah. University of California at San Diego. Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Estados Unidos Fil: Goose, Hugues J.. Université Catholique de Louvain; Bélgica Fil: Abram, Nerillie J.. The Australian National University; Australia Fil: Canziani, Pablo Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo de las Ingenierías; Argentina Fil: Charman, Dan J.. University of Exeter; Reino Unido Fil: Clem, Kyle R.. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Crosta Xavier. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: de Lavergne, Casimir. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Eisenman, Ian. University of California at San Diego. Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Estados Unidos Fil: England, Matthew H.. University of New South Wales; Australia Fil: Fogt, Ryan L.. Ohio University; Estados Unidos Fil: Frankcombe, Leela M.. University of New South Wales; Australia Fil: Marshall, Gareth J.. British Antartic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Masson Delmotte, Valérie. Université de Paris-Saclay; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Morrison, Adele K.. University of Princeton; Estados Unidos Fil: Orsi, Anaïs J.. Université de Paris-Saclay; Francia Fil: Raphael, Marilyn N.. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Renwick, James A.. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Schneider, David P.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos Fil: Simpkins, Graham R.. University of California at Irvine. School of Physical Sciences. Department of Earth System Sciences; Estados Unidos Fil: Steig, Eric J.. University of Washington; Estados Unidos Fil: Steni, Barbara. Universita' Ca' Foscari Di Venezia; Italia Fil: Swingedow, Didier. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: Vance, Tessa R.. Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre; Australia
Published: 2016

33. Age of the Mt. Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum

Author: Olivier Magand, Natalie Kehrwald, R. Dinale, Chiara Uglietti, Piero Zennaro, Federico Cazorzi, Fabrizio de Blasi, Gianni Piffer, Daniela Festi, Stephan Galos, Michele Bertò, David Tonidandel, Andrea Spolaor, Barbara Stenni, Theo M. Jenk, Vladimir Mikhalenko, Luca Carturan, Petra Heidenwolf, Ulrich Schotterer, Mirko Rinaldi, Giuliano Dreossi, Margit Schwikowski, Mary E. Davis, Carlo Barbante, Klaus Oeggl, Thomas Zanoner, Paolo Gabrielli, G. Dragà, Roberto Seppi, Jacopo Gabrieli, Ping Nan Lin, Volkmar Mair, Daniel Binder, Massimo Frezzotti, V. Zagorodnov, Alberto Carton, Donald V. Kenny, Giancarlo Dalla Fontana, Giulio Cozzi, Giuliano Bertagna, Patrick Ginot, Gabrielli, P., Barbante, C., Bertagna, G., Berto, M., Binder, D., Carton, A., Carturan, L., Cazorzi, F., Cozzi, G., Dalla Fontana, G., Davis, M., De Blasi, F., Dinale, R., Draga, G., Dreossi, G., Festi, D., Frezzotti, M., Gabrieli, J., Galos, S., Ginot, P., Heidenwolf, P., Jenk, T. M., Kehrwald, N., Kenny, D., Magand, O., Mair, V., Mikhalenko, V., Lin, P. N., Oeggl, K., Piffer, G., Rinaldi, M., Schotterer, U., Schwikowski, M., Seppi, R., Spolaor, A., Stenni, B., Tonidandel, D., Uglietti, C., Zagorodnov, V., Zanoner, T., and Zennaro, P.
Subjects: Water Science and Technology, Earth-Surface Processes, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice stream, Ice field, ice cores, alps, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, paleoclimate, Cryosphere, Geomorphology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Glacier, Glacier morphology, Arctic ice pack, lcsh:Geology, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Physical geography, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: In 2011 four ice cores were extracted from the summit of Alto dell'Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South Tyrol in the Italian Alps. This drilling site is located only 37 km southwest from where the Tyrolean Iceman, ∼ 5.3 kyrs old, was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian–Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell'Ortles based on 210Pb, tritium, beta activity and 14C determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence for a chronologically ordered ice stratigraphy from the modern glacier surface down to the bottom ice layers with an age of ∼ 7 kyrs, which confirms the hypothesis. Our results indicate that the drilling site has continuously been glaciated on frozen bedrock since ∼ 7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with the removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6–9 kyrs BP), the warmest interval in the European Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of the current glacier flow combined with surface ground penetration radar (GPR) measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell'Ortles flow has just recently begun. Given the stratigraphic–chronological continuity of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour has been unprecedented at this location since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum.
Published: 2016

34. Peritidal sedimentary depositional facies and carbon isotope variation across K/T boundary carbonates from NW Adriatic platform

Author: Nevio Pugliese, Barbara Stenni, Vinod Chandra Tewari, Tadej Dolenec, Rodolfo Riccamboni, Katica Drobne, TEWARI V., C, Stenni, Barbara, Pugliese, Nevio, Drobne, K, Riccamboni, Rodolfo, and Dolenec, T.
Subjects: biology, stratigraphy, K/T boundary, Karst, Paleontology, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Cretaceous, Foraminifera, Waves and shallow water, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Isotopes of carbon, Breccia, Iridium anomaly, Sedimentary rock, Sequence stratigraphy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The K/T boundary in the Karst region (Italy and Slovenia) is well documented in correspondence to shallow water limestones. Its evidence is usually related to palaeontological data (disappearance of Cretaceous taxa and subsequent appearance of Tertiary ones), palaeomagnetism (Ch 29r) iridium anomaly and negative shift of δ 13 C. In Italy, the Padriciano section highlights the K/T boundary included in the basal breccia of a peritidal cycle. Recent investigations brought to light a short well exposed new stratigraphic sequence containing the K/T boundary, 100 m east of Padriciano, as demonstrated by lithological, palaeontological and new isotopic data. The recording of a new peritidal setting denotes stressed environmental conditions. The findings of the biota mostly correspond to the lagoonal limestones of the peritidal cycle. It consists of small opportunistic thin shelled foraminifers, ostracods and gastropods. At Padriciano, the environmental stability occurred after episodesofstrongfreshwaterinfluence.Theintraclasts,oncolitesandstromatoliteshavebeenobservedinthePadricianosection.The broken shell fragments, algae and foraminifera have been found associated with fenestral fabric. These features indicate deposition in a shallow marine (intertidal to supratidal) environment. Algal boundstones and microbial (stromatolitic) laminae, crenulated domal laminae and crenulatedconical laminae havebeen studied in petrographicsections for microstructures. The K/T boundary section has been analysed for the carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios. The δ 13 C values range from �3.62 to �10.01‰ (V-PDB) and the δ 18 O values range from �3.85 to �5.47‰ (V-PDB). This extreme depletion in the δ 13 C record has already been reported from other K/T boundary sections both in the Padriciano area (Italy) and in Slovenia (Dolenja Vas sections) and may be related to global climate change but also to local environmental changes occurring in the NWAdriatic Platform. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007

35. Climate dependent contrast in surface mass balance in East Antarctica over the past 216 kyr

Author: Kenji Kawamura, Hideaki Motoyama, Fuyuki Saito, Eric W. Wolff, Shuji Fujita, Ryu Uemura, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Mirko Severi, Frédéric Parrenin, Barbara Stenni, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Stable isotope ratio, Atmospheric sciences, Glacier mass balance, Ice core, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Climatology, Interglacial, Glacial period, Ice sheet, Air mass, Sea level, Geology
Abstract: Documenting past changes in the East Antarctic surface mass balance is important to improve ice core chronologies and to constrain the ice sheet contribution to global mean sea level. Here we reconstruct the past changes in the ratio of surface mass balance (SMB ratio) between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Dome Fuji (DF) East Antarctica ice core sites, based on a precise volcanic synchronisation of the two ice cores and on corrections for the vertical thinning of layers. During the past 216 000 years, this SMB ratio, denoted SMBEDC/SMBDF, varied between 0.7 and 1.1, decreasing during cold periods and increasing during warm periods. While past climatic changes have been depicted as homogeneous along the East Antarctic Plateau, our results reveal larger amplitudes of changes in SMB at EDC compared to DF, consistent with previous results showing larger amplitudes of changes in water stable isotopes and estimated surface temperature at EDC compared to DF. Within interglacial periods and during the last glacial inception (Marine Isotope Stages, MIS-5c and MIS-5d), the SMB ratio deviates by up to 30% from what is expected based on differences in water stable isotope records. Moreover, the SMB ratio is constant throughout the late parts of the current and last interglacial periods, despite contrasting isotopic trends. These SMB ratio changes not closely related to isotopic changes are one of the possible causes of the observed gaps between the ice core chronologies at DF and EDC. Such changes in SMB ratio may have been caused by (i) climatic processes related to changes in air mass trajectories and local climate, (ii) glaciological processes associated with relative elevation changes, or (iii) a combination of climatic and glaciological processes, such as the interaction between changes in accumulation and in the position of the domes. Our inferred SMB ratio history has important implications for ice sheet modeling (for which SMB is a boundary condition) or atmospheric modeling (our inferred SMB ratio could serve as a test).
Published: 2015

36. Retrieving the paleoclimatic signal from the deeper part of the EPICA Dome C ice core

Author: Margareta Hansson, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Amaelle Landais, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, G. Dreyfus, J. M. Barnola, Denis Samyn, Geoffroy Durand, Barbara Stenni, K. Pol, Adrian Schilt, Geneviève C Littot, M. de Angelis, Jean-Louis Tison, Eric W. Wolff, Roberto Udisti, Barbara Delmonte, L. Loulergue, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Hubertus Fischer, Jean Jouzel, Sigfus J Johnsen, Renato Spahni, Jean-Robert Petit, Bernhard Bereiter, Anna Wegner, Reginald Lorrain, Matthias Bigler, Roland Souchez, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], University of Stockolm, Chemistry Department, University of Florence (UNIFI), Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Ca' Foscari, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Climate Change Policy and Technology Fellow with the US Department of Energy Office of Policy and International Affairs, Nagaoka University of Technology, Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Tison, J, de Angelis, M, Littot, G, Wolff, E, Fischer, H, Hansson, M, Bigler, M, Udisti, R, Wegner, A, Jouzel, J, Stenni, B, Johnsen, S, Masson Delmotte, V, Landais, A, Lipenkov, V, Loulergue, L, Barnola, J, Petit, J, Delmonte, B, Dreyfus, G, Dahl Jensen, D, Durand, G, Bereiter, B, Schilt, A, Spahni, R, Pol, K, Lorrain, R, Souchez, R, and Samyn, D
Subjects: Water Science and Technology, Earth-Surface Processes, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, PAST 800,000 YEARS, BASAL ICE, CENTRAL GREENLAND, EAST ANTARCTICA, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, MILLENNIAL-SCALE, ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION, DEBRIS ENTRAINMENT, GAS-COMPOSITION, DEBRIS ENTRAINMENT, sub-01, Ice stream, CENTRAL GREENLAND, 3705 Geology, Antarctic sea ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, 000 YEARS, ice cores, Antarctica, Paleoclimate, BASAL ICE, Meteorology and Climatology, Ice core, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, Sea ice, Ice divide, Petrology, Geomorphology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK, geography.geographical_feature_category, EAST ANTARCTICA, Géologie et minéralogie, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, lcsh:QE1-996.5, PAST 800, 37 Earth Sciences, MILLENNIAL-SCALE, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, GAS-COMPOSITION, lcsh:Geology, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, théorie et applications [Econométrie et méthodes statistiques], Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: An important share of paleoclimatic information is buried within the lowermost layers of deep ice cores. Because improving our records further back in time is one of the main challenges in the near future, it is essential to judge how deep these records remain unaltered, since the proximity of the bedrock is likely to interfere both with the recorded temporal sequence and the ice properties. In this paper, we present a multiparametric study (δD-δ18Oice, δ18Oatm, total air content, CO2, CH4, N2O, dust, high-resolution chemistry, ice texture) of the bottom 60 m of the EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C ice core from central Antarctica. These bottom layers were subdivided into two distinct facies: the lower 12 m showing visible solid inclusions (basal dispersed ice facies) and the upper 48 m, which we will refer to as the "basal clean ice facies". Some of the data are consistent with a pristine paleoclimatic signal, others show clear anomalies. It is demonstrated that neither large-scale bottom refreezing of subglacial water, nor mixing (be it internal or with a local basal end term from a previous/initial ice sheet configuration) can explain the observed bottom-ice properties. We focus on the high-resolution chemical profiles and on the available remote sensing data on the subglacial topography of the site to propose a mechanism by which relative stretching of the bottom-ice sheet layers is made possible, due to the progressively confining effect of subglacial valley sides. This stress field change, combined with bottom-ice temperature close to the pressure melting point, induces accelerated migration recrystallization, which results in spatial chemical sorting of the impurities, depending on their state (dissolved vs. solid) and if they are involved or not in salt formation. This chemical sorting effect is responsible for the progressive build-up of the visible solid aggregates that therefore mainly originate "from within", and not from incorporation processes of debris from the ice sheet's substrate. We further discuss how the proposed mechanism is compatible with the other ice properties described. We conclude that the paleoclimatic signal is only marginally affected in terms of global ice properties at the bottom of EPICA Dome C, but that the timescale was considerably distorted by mechanical stretching of MIS20 due to the increasing influence of the subglacial topography, a process that might have started well above the bottom ice. A clear paleoclimatic signal can therefore not be inferred from the deeper part of the EPICA Dome C ice core. Our work suggests that the existence of a flat monotonic ice-bedrock interface, extending for several times the ice thickness, would be a crucial factor in choosing a future "oldest ice" drilling location in Antarctica., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2015

37. A review of the bipolar see-saw from synchronized and high resolution ice core water stable isotope records from Greenland and East Antarctica

Author: Didier M. Roche, Vasileios Gkinis, Fabrice Lambert, Lucie Bazin, Olivier Arzel, Bo Møllesøe Vinther, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Enricomaria Selmo, Myriam Guillevic, Barbara Stenni, Trevor Popp, Jean Jouzel, Amaelle Landais, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Departments of Mathematics and Geosciences, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics [Venezia], University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability [Parma], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Center for Climate and Resilience Research, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Earth and Climate, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute
Subjects: Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Dansgaard Oeschger events, 01 natural sciences, Ice cap climate, Ice core, Glacial earthquake, Cryosphere, Bipolar seesaw, Ice cores, Water isotopes, Glacial period, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, Geology, Ice-sheet model, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Ice sheet
Abstract: International audience; Numerous ice core records are now available that cover the Last Glacial cycle both in Greenland and in Antarctica. Recent developments in coherent ice core chronologies now enable us to depict with a precision of a few centuries the relationship between climate records in Greenland and Antarctica over the millennial scale variability of the Last Glacial period. Stacks of Greenland and Antarctic water isotopic records nicely illustrate a seesaw pattern with the abrupt warming in Greenland being concomitant with the beginning of the cooling in Antarctica at the Antarctic Isotopic Maximum (AIM). In addition, from the precise estimate of chronological error bars and additional high resolution measurements performed on the EDC and TALDICE ice cores, we show that the seesaw pattern does not explain the regional variability in Antarctic records with clear two step structures occurring during the warming phase of AIM 8 and 12. Our Antarctic high resolution data also suggest possible teleconnections between changes in low latitude atmospheric circulation and Antarctic without any Greenland temperature fingerprint.
Published: 2015

38. Past temperature reconstructions from deep ice cores: relevance for future climate change

Author: Amaelle Landais, Sigfus J Johnsen, Barbara Stenni, Pascale Braconnot, Jean Jouzel, Frédéric Parrenin, Dominique Raynaud, Gabrielle Dreyfus, Masa Kageyama, Julius Nouet, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, E. Tuenter, Marie-France Loutre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Department of Earth Sciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Masson Delmotte, V., Dreyfus, G., Braconnot, P., Johnsen, S., Jouzel, J., Kageyama, M., Landais, A., Loutre, M. F., Nouet, J., Parrenin, F., Raynaud, D., Stenni, Barbara, and Teunter, E.
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, polar ice core, climate model, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Past temperature reconstructions, Ice core, lcsh:Environmental pollution, climate models, Past temperature reconstruction, lcsh:TD169-171.8, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Polar climate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, polar ice cores, future climate changes, Paleontology, Ice-sheet model, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Interglacial, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Abrupt climate change, Climate state, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Ice cores provide unique archives of past climate and environmental changes based only on physical processes. Quantitative temperature reconstructions are essential for the comparison between ice core records and climate models. We give an overview of the methods that have been developed to reconstruct past local temperatures from deep ice cores and highlight several points that are relevant for future climate change. We first analyse the long term fluctuations of temperature as depicted in the long Antarctic record from EPICA Dome C. The long term imprint of obliquity changes in the EPICA Dome C record is highlighted and compared to simulations conducted with the ECBILT-CLIO intermediate complexity climate model. We discuss the comparison between the current interglacial period and the long interglacial corresponding to marine isotopic stage 11, ~400 kyr BP. Previous studies had focused on the role of precession and the thresholds required to induce glacial inceptions. We suggest that, due to the low eccentricity configuration of MIS 11 and the Holocene, the effect of precession on the incoming solar radiation is damped and that changes in obliquity must be taken into account. The EPICA Dome C alignment of terminations I and VI published in 2004 corresponds to a phasing of the obliquity signals. A conjunction of low obliquity and minimum northern hemisphere summer insolation is not found in the next tens of thousand years, supporting the idea of an unusually long interglacial ahead. As a second point relevant for future climate change, we discuss the magnitude and rate of change of past temperatures reconstructed from Greenland (NorthGRIP) and Antarctic (Dome C) ice cores. Past episodes of temperatures above the present-day values by up to 5°C are recorded at both locations during the penultimate interglacial period. The rate of polar warming simulated by coupled climate models forced by a CO2 increase of 1% per year is compared to ice-core-based temperature reconstructions. In Antarctica, the CO2-induced warming lies clearly beyond the natural rhythm of temperature fluctuations. In Greenland, the CO2-induced warming is as fast or faster than the most rapid temperature shifts of the last ice age. The magnitude of polar temperature change in response to a quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 is comparable to the magnitude of the polar temperature change from the Last Glacial Maximum to present-day. When forced by prescribed changes in ice sheet reconstructions and CO2 changes, climate models systematically underestimate the glacial-interglacial polar temperature change.
Published: 2006

39. Common millennial-scale variability of Antarctic and Southern Ocean temperatures during the past 5000 years reconstructed from the EPICA Dome C ice core

Author: Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Barbara Stenni, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Masson Delmotte, V., Stenni, Barbara, Jouzel, J., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Millennial-scale variability, climatic variations, ice core, EPICA, Southern Ocean, Dome C, isotopic modelling, Climatic Optimum, Holocene, Antarctica, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dome, climatic variation, Holocene climatic optimum, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Paleoclimatology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, Paleontology, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Geology
Abstract: Measurements of the two water stable isotopes (dD and d18O) along EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C ice core are combined with simple isotopic modelling (distillation models) to reconstruct the variability of both the site temperature (East Antarctica) and the moisture source temperature (nowadays probably the subantarctic Indian Ocean). We discuss the difference between the reconstructed site and source temperature pro” les with respect to the initial isotopic data. We show that (i) the early-Holocene optimum appears” rst in Antarctica and 800 years later in the Southern Ocean, and (ii) during the last 5000 years, the site and source temperatures co-vary at the centennial timescale. An 833-year periodicity is observed only on deuterium and site temperature and therefore probably of local origin.
Published: 2004

40. Palaeoproductivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, during the last 15 kyr BP and its link with ice-core temperature proxies

Author: Barbara Stenni, A. Brambati, Gianguido Salvi, Cristinamaria Salvi, Salvi, C., Salvi, Gianguido, Stenni, Barbara, Brambati, A., Salvi, Cristinamaria, and Brambati, Antonio
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, site temperature, Structural basin, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Antarctic Cold Reversal, Ross Sea, Ice core, Marine core, Deglaciation, deuterium, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Total organic carbon, organic carbon, Ross Sea Paleoproductivity, Oceanography, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Marine cores, Antarctica, Geology
Abstract: A detailed study of organic carbon content obtained from two sediment cores collected in the Joides basin, western Ross Sea, Antarctica, was carried out. The variations observed during the last deglaciation and the Holocene were compared to the high-resolution climatic records (EPICA DC and Taylor Dome) preserved in the ice. The importance of the carbon content as a proxy for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes was investigated. A dramatic decrease in the Ross Sea palaeoproductivity was observed during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (12.5–14 kyr BP). Another decrease in total organic carbon in the second half of the Holocene (after 5–6 kyr BP) confirms the climate worsening observed in previous studies.
Published: 2004

41. Climate variability along latitudinal and longitudinal transects in East Antarctica

Author: M. Pourchet, Massimo Frezzotti, Olivier Magand, L. Genoni, Barbara Stenni, Michel Fily, Magand, O., Frezzotti, M., Pourchet, M., Stenni, B., Genoni, L., Fily, M., and Stenni, Barbara
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, temperature lapse rate, Borehole, Drainage basin, 01 natural sciences, Dome (geology), surface snow, oxygen isotope, Ice divide, ITASE traverse, Antarctica, oxygen isotopes, borehole temperature, Dome C drainage area, isotope-temperature relationship, Transect, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Firn, Lapse rate, Snow, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Geology
Abstract: In the framework of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) programme, France and Italy carried out a traverse along one west–east and two north–south transects in East Antarctica from November 2001 to January 2002. Eighteen shallow snow–firn cores were drilled, and surface snow samples were collected every 5km along the traverse. Firn temperatures were measured in boreholes down to 30 m. The cores were analyzed for β radioactivity to obtain snow accumulation-rate data. The surface snow samples were analyzed for δ18O to correlate isotopic values with borehole temperatures. Multiple regression analysis shows a global near-dry-adiabatic lapse rate and a latitudinal lapse rate of 1.05˚C(˚ lat. S)–1, in the Dome C drainage area. Analysis of firn temperatures reveals a super-adiabatic lapse rate along the ice divide between Talos Dome and the Southern Ocean coast, and in some sectors along the ice divide between the Astrolabe Basin and D59. Snow accumulation rates and firn temperatures show warmer temperatures and higher accumulation values close to the ice divides extending from Talos Dome and Dome C to the Southern Ocean. The spatial pattern of data is linked with a katabatic-wind-source basin and moisture-source region.
Published: 2004

42. Significant marine-ice accumulation in the ablation zone beneath an Antarctic ice shelf

Author: M. Dini, Jean-Louis Tison, Barbara Stenni, Aldino Bondesan, Ala Khazendar, Khazendar, A., Tison, J. L., Stenni, Barbara, Dini, M., and Bondesan, A.
Subjects: marine ice, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice stream, Antarctic sea ice, freezing, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, Paleontology, Stable isotopes, ice shelf, Antarctica, Sea ice, Ice divide, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Stable isotope, Arctic ice pack, Fast ice, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: High-resolution crystallographic, salinity and isotopic analyses of a 45 m ice core reveal the presence of a thick layer of marine ice near the grounding line of the Nansen Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The anomalous formation of marine ice in a zone assumed to be the site of active basal melting leads us to propose the hypothesis of large basal crevasses as a favorable environment for important marine-ice accretion. This hitherto unexplored possibility is supported by the overall field configuration and by the discrepancy in some ice properties between this core and the marine-ice sections of previous drilling projects. These findings could have important implications for the general stability of ice shelves and their disintegration processes. The specific properties of this core reveal that marine ice is post-genetically deformed.
Published: 2001

43. Stable isotope study of water, gypsum and carbonate samples from the Bannock and Tyro Basins, eastern Mediterranean

Author: Barbara Stenni, Antonio Longinelli, Stenni, Barbara, and Longinelli, A.
Subjects: Gypsum, Evaporite, sea water, stable isotopes, Mineralogy, engineering.material, Structural basin, Oceanography, Bottom water, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mediterranean sea, stable isotope, Mediterranean Sea, Environmental Chemistry, gypsum, Water Science and Technology, General Chemistry, chemistry, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, engineering, Carbonate, Seawater, Sedimentary rock, Geology
Abstract: Seawater and brine samples collected along vertical profiles above the Bannock and Tyro Basins (eastern Mediterranean), and gypsum samples collected by dredging and coring the anoxic section of the Bannock Basin, have been studied for their δ 18 O values. The following conclusions may be drawn from these data: (1) The water of the deep brines is isotopically slightly different from modern Mediterranean bottom water and might be a ‘fossil water’ possibly formed during a recent, climatically cooler stage or when the evaporation was slightly higher than nowadays. (2) The similarity between the δ 18 O values of the brine samples from the Bannock and Tyro Basins supports the possibility that the ages of the two basins are very close to each other. (3) Gypsum crystals on the bottom of the Bannock Basin are probably being formed by the dissolution and reprecipitation of sub-bottom (or outcropping) Messinian evaporites. This hypothesis is supported by the oxygen isotopic values exhibited by the gypsum crystallization water and by the oxygen and sulphur isotopic composition of gypsum. (4) The shells of pelagic organisms included in gypsum are probably very recent, but not contemporary, and may be referred to cooler environmental conditions.
Published: 1990

44. Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years

Author: Grant M. Raisbeck, Bénédicte Minster, Renato Spahni, J. C. Gallet, Jean-Marc Barnola, Jakob Schwander, Frédéric Parrenin, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Enricomaria Selmo, Bernhard Stauffer, Jérôme Chappellaz, Dominique Raynaud, Thomas F. Stocker, Adrian Schilt, Barbara Stenni, Jean-Louis Tison, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, D. Luethi, Sigfus J Johnsen, Eric W. Wolff, Hans Oerter, Jean Jouzel, S. Falourd, O. Cattani, Hubertus Fischer, L. Loulergue, Martin Werner, Markus Leuenberger, Gabrielle Dreyfus, Julius Nouet, G. P. Hoffmann, Roland Souchez, Jouzel, J., Masson Delmotte, V., Cattani, O., Dreyfus, G., Falourd, S., Hoffmann, G., Minster, B., Nouet, J., Barnola, J. M., Chappellaz, J., Fisher, H., Gallet, J. C., Johnsen, S., Leuenberger, M., Loulergue, L., Luethi, D., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Schilt, A., Schwander, J., Selmo, E., Souchez, R., Spahni, R., Stauffer, B., Steffensen, J. P., Stenni, Barbara, Stocker, T. F., Tison, J. L., Werner, M., Wolff, E. W., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abteilung Klinische Sozialmedizin, Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Geophysics and Water Resources, Section for Geology [Copenhagen], Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Science Institute, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Physics Institute, University of Bern, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Parma], Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, European Project: 39423,FP6-SUSTDEV,EPICA-MIS, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie]
Subjects: Marine isotope stage, marine environment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, EPICA Dome C, Antarctica, deuterium profile, site temperature, millennial climate variability, glacial-interglacial cycles, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Dome Concordia, Cryosphere, isotope labeling, deuterium, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, methane, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, article, interglacial, Europe, climate change, Oceanography, priority journal, greenhouse gas, Climatology, Interglacial, temperature measurement, Geology, nitrogen oxide, general circulation model, Paleoclimatology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, isotope, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, amplitude modulation, carbon dioxide, marine isotope stage, East Antarctica, proxy climate record, climate variation, Ice-sheet model, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, ice core record, atmosphere, Ice sheet, glacial mass balance, ice core
Abstract: A high-resolution deuterium profile is now available along the entire European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core, extending this climate record back to marine isotope stage 20.2, ~800,000 years ago. Experiments performed with an atmospheric general circulation model including water isotopes support its temperature interpretation. We assessed the general correspondence between Dansgaard-Oeschger events and their smoothed Antarctic counterparts for this Dome C record, which reveals the presence of such features with similar amplitudes during previous glacial periods. We suggest that the interplay between obliquity and precession accounts for the variable intensity of interglacial periods in ice core records. Northern and Southern hemisphere, methane, ice cores, Greenland, Antarctica, EPICA, Dansgaard–Oeschger events, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Published: 2007

45. Rapid climate variability during warm and cold periods in polar regions and Europe

Author: Sigfus J Johnsen, Nicolas Caillon, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Amaelle Landais, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Jean Jouzel, Jérôme Chappellaz, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Barbara Stenni, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geophysics and Water Resources, Section for Geology [Copenhagen], Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, European Commission, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Università degli studi di Trieste, Masson Delmotte, V., Landais, A., Combourieu Nebout, N., von Grafenstein, U., Jouzel, J., Caillon, N., Chappellaz, J., Dahl Jensen, D., Johnsen, S. J., Stenni, Barbara, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, polar ice core, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Lake, interglacials, Ice core, Dansgaard–Oeschger event, Rapid climate event, Glacial period, lake record, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, polar ice cores, Rapid climate events, Dansgaard–Oeschger events, Ice-sheet model, lake records, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Ice cores, Interglacial, Abrupt climate change, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Polar, Pollen, Geology
Abstract: Typical rapid climate events punctuating the last glacial period in Greenland, Europe and Antarctica are compared to two rapid events occurring under warmer conditions: ( i ) Dansgaard–Oeschger event 25, the first abrupt warming occurring during last glacial inception; ( ii ) 8.2 ka BP event, the only rapid cooling recorded during the Holocene in Greenland ice cores and in Ammersee, Germany. The rate of warming during previous warmer interglacial periods is estimated from polar ice cores to 1.5 °C per millennium, without abrupt changes. Climate change expected for the 21st century should however be at least 10 times faster. To cite this article: V. Masson-Delmotte et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).
Published: 2005

46. Chemical and isotopic snow variability in East Antarctica along the 2001/02 ITASE traverse

Author: O. Largiuni, L. Genoni, Mirko Severi, Silvia Benassai, Simone Luca Pili, Rita Traversi, O. Flora, Silvia Becagli, Barbara Stenni, Marco Proposito, R. Gragnani, Massimo Frezzotti, Roberto Udisti, Becagli, S., Proposito, M., Benassai, S., Flora, O., Genoni, L., Gragnani, R., Largiuni, O., Pili, S. L., Severi, M., Stenni, B., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Frezzotti, M., and Stenni, Barbara
Subjects: Katabatic wind, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemical and isotopic profiles, Atmospheric circulation, chemical and isotopic profile, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Dome (geology), snow accumulation, Altitude, Oceanography, Stratigraphy, surface snow, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, ITASE traverse, Antarctica, Talos Dome, Adelie Land, Spatial variability, Transect, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: As part of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) project, a traverse was carried out from November 2001 to January 2002 through Terre Adélie, George V Land, Oates Land and northern Victoria Land, for a total length of about 1875 km. The research goal is to determine the latitudinal and longitudinal variability of physical, chemical and isotopic parameters along three transects: one west–east transect (WE), following the 2150m contour line (about 400 km inland of the Adélie, George V and Oates coasts), and two north–south transects (inland Terre Adélie and Oates Coast–Talos Dome–Victoria Land). The intersection between the WE and Oates Coast–Victoria Land transects is in the Talos Dome area. Along the traverse, eight 2 m deep snow pits were dug and sampled with a 2.5 cm depth resolution. For spatial variability, 1 m deep integrated samples were collected every 5 km (363 sampling sites). In the snow-pit stratigraphy, pronounced annual cycles, with summer maxima, were observed for nssSO42–, MSA, NO3– and H2O2. The seasonality of these chemical trace species was used in combination with stable-isotope stratigraphy to derive reliable and temporally representative snow-accumulation rates. The study of chemical, isotopic and accumulation-rate variability allowed the identification of a distribution pattern which is controlled not only by altitude and distance from the sea, but also by the complex circulation of air masses in the study area. In particular, although the Talos Dome area is almost equidistant from the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea, local atmospheric circulation is such that the area is strongly affected only by the Ross Sea. Moreover, we observed a decrease in concentration of aerosol components in the central portion of the WE transect and in the southern portion of the Talos Dome transect; this decrease was linked to the higher stability of atmospheric pressure due to the channelling of katabatic winds.
Published: 2004

47. A late-glacial high resolution site and source temperature record derived from the EPICA Dome C isotope records (East Antarctica)

Author: Olivier Cattani, Jean Jouzel, Barbara Stenni, Roland Souchez, Emiliano Castellano, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Enricomaria Selmo, Antonio Longinelli, Regine Röthlisberger, S. Falourd, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Sigfus J Johnsen, Roberto Udisti, Julian P. Sachs, Stenni, Barbara, Jouzel, J., Masson Delmotte, V., Röthlisberger, R., Castellano, E., Cattani, O., Falourd, S., Johnsen, S. J., Longinelli, A., Sachs, J. P., Selmo, E., Souchez, R., Steffensen, J. P., Udisti, R., Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR)
Subjects: deuterium excess, deuterium, ice cores, site temperature, source temperature, East Antarctica, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), deuterium exce, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Temperature record, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Stable isotope ratio, Last Glacial Maximum, Sea surface temperature, Temperature gradient, Geophysics, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Seawater, ice core, Geology
Abstract: The timing and synchronisation of Greenland and Antarctic climate events that occurred during the last glacial period are still under debate, as is the magnitude of temperature change associated with these events. Here we present detailed records of local and moisture-source temperature changes spanning the period 27-45 kyr BP from water stable isotope measurements (deltaD and delta(18)O) in the recently drilled EPICA Dome C ice core, East Antarctic plateau. Using a simple isotopic model, site (DeltaT(site)) and source (DeltaT(source)) temperatures are extracted from the initial 50-yr high-resolution isotopic records, taking into account the changes in seawater isotopic composition. The deuterium isotope variability is very similar to the less precise deltaD record from the Vostok ice core, and the site temperature inversion leads to a temperature profile similar to the classical palaeothermometry method, due to compensations between source and ocean water corrections. The reconstructed DeltaT(site) and DeltaT(source) profiles show different trends during the glacial: the former shows a decreasing trend from the warm Al event (38 kyr BP) toward the Last Glacial Maximum, while the latter shows increasing values from 41 to 28 kyr BP. The low-frequency deuterium excess fluctuations are strongly influenced by obliquity fluctuations, controlling the low- to high-latitude temperature gradients, and show a remarkable similarity with a high-resolution southeast Atlantic sea surface temperature record. A comparison of the temperature profiles (site and source) and temperature gradient (DeltaT(source)-DeltaT(site)) with the non-sea-salt calcium and sodium records suggests a secondary influence of atmospheric transport changes on aerosol variations.
Published: 2003

48. A new 27 ky high resolution East Antarctic climate record

Author: Jean Jouzel, Jakob Schwander, V. Masson, Barbara Stenni, Antonio Longinelli, S. Falourd, Roland Souchez, Olivier Cattani, S. J. Johnsen, Nartsiss I. Barkov, J. P. Steffenssen, Michel Stievenard, J. R. Petit, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Jouzel, J., Masson, V., Cattani, O., Falourd, S., Stievenard, M., Stenni, Barbara, Longinelli, A., Johnsen, S. J., Steffensen, J. P., Petit, J. R., Schwander, J., Souchez, R., and Barkov, N. I.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, Antarctic Cold Reversal, Paleontology, Ice core, Paleoclimatology, paleoclimate, Deglaciation, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, hydrogen isotopes, ice core, Antarctica, EPICA, geography.geographical_feature_category, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, hydrogen isotope, Future sea level, Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The ice core recently drilled at the Dome Concordia site on the East Antarctic plateau provides a new high resolution isotope record covering part of the last glacial, the last transition and the Holocene. The two step shape of the deglaciation is remarkably similar for all the ice cores now available on the East Antarctic plateau. The first warming trend ends about 14000 years ago and is followed by the well marked Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) with a secondary peak common to all records. During the deglaciation, there are more similarities between the near coastal site of Taylor Dome and inland East Antarctica than between Taylor Dome and central Greenland. However, the results for EPICA do appear to confirm the Taylor Dome timescale after about 14 ka, showing cooling into the ACR roughly in phase between Greenland and Antarctica. While the overall deglacial pattem is asynchronous, this suggests that the now classical picture of a temperature seesaw between Antarctica and Greenland may be too simplistic. 1. Introduction Whereas numerous deep-sea, continental and ice core records covering the last deglaciation are now available [e.g. Alley and Clark, 1999], the driving mechanisms of this climatic transition are still not fully understood. Recent studies highlight the central role of the huge unstable Northern Hemisphere ice caps and their interaction with the oceanic thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic. They also reveal that the Antarctic deglacial warming started before the sharp Greenland warming marking the onset of the B611ing and was interrupted by the so-called Antarctic Cold Reversal [hereafter ACR; Jouzel et al., 1995].
Published: 2001

49. An Oceanic Cold Reversal During the Last Deglaciation

Author: Sigfus J Johnsen, E. Selmo, Antonio Longinelli, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Barbara Stenni, Eric Monnin, Regine Röthlisberger, Jean Jouzel, Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Stenni, Barbara, Masson Delmotte, V., Johnsen, S., Jouzel, J., Longinelli, A., Monnin, E., Röthlisberger, R., and Selmo, E.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, ice cores, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, Antarctic Cold Reversal, Dome (geology), Anatrctica, Paleoclimatology, Deglaciation, deuterium exce, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, EPICA, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Oxygen and hydrogen isotope, deuterium excess, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Geology
Abstract: A detailed deuterium excess profile measured along the Dome C EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) core reveals the timing and strength of the sea surface temperature changes at the source regions for Dome C precipitation. We infer that an Oceanic Cold Reversal took place in the southern Indian Ocean, 800 years after the Antarctic Cold Reversal. The temperature gradient between the oceanic moisture source and Antarctica is similar to the Dome C sodium profile during the deglaciation, illustrating the strong link between this gradient and the strength of the atmospheric circulation.
Published: 2001

50. Snow accumulation rates in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica by firn-core analysis

Author: Valter Maggi, Massimo Frezzotti, Francesca Serra, Barbara Stenni, Silvia Becagli, Roberto Udisti, Rita Traversi, Stenni, B, Serra, F, Frezzotti, M, Maggi, V, Traversi, R, Becagli, S, Udisti, R, Stenni, Barbara, Serra, F., Frezzotti, M., Maggi, V., Traversi, R., Becagli, S., and Udisti, R.
Subjects: Northern Victoria Land, 010506 paleontology, Katabatic wind, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, isotopic records, chemical records, snow accumulation rate, Antarctica, firn cores, 01 natural sciences, Glacier mass balance, Altitude, Ice core, chemical record, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, isotopic record, Firn, Sampling (statistics), Snow, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Period (geology), Physical geography, Geology, Antarctica, ice cores, stable isotopes, climatology
Abstract: A multiparametric (chemical, isotopic and physical) study on three shallow firn cores sampled in northern Victoria Land was carried out to obtain glaciological information and climatic data in this Antarctic region. Sampling areas were accurately prospected to identify sites, located at different altitudes and distances from the sea, where the snow accumulation was not influenced by katabatic wind redistribution or summer melting. Stratigraphic, isotopic (δl8O) and chemical (H2O2, MSA and nssSO42−) profiles were mutually examined for dating purposes and to determine the mean snow-accumulation rates at three different stations. Annual accumulation rates of 85–420 kg m−2 a−1 were determined in the period 1971–92. An inverse pattern between accumulation rate and altitude was shown by the progression of the mean annual rates of 160, 203 and 260 kg m−2 a−1, respectively, in the highest, medium and lowest stations. The mean accumulation value of all northern Victoria Land data available, 170 kg m−2 a−1, represents a decrease of up to 35% with respect to the estimated value most widely used until now. Our accumulation value is very close to that required for a zero net surface mass balance according to ice discharge. A linear relationship with a gradient of 0.81‰ °C−1 has been found between mean δ18O values and mean annual surface temperature for different ice cores drilled in northern Victoria Land.
Published: 2000

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