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The Gram-stain-negative, orange-pigmented, non-spore-forming, non-motile, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated TP-CH-4 T , was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be at pH 7-8, 25-30 °C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and three unidentified polar lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 and summed feature 1 (composed of C 13 : 0 3-OH and/or iso-C 15 : 1 H). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain TP-CH-4 T was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae and formed a distinct lineage. Strain TP-CH-4 T displayed highest sequence similarities to Pseudozobellia thermophila KMM 3531 T (95.1 %) and Flagellimonas flava A11 T (93.9 %). Genome sequencing revealed the strain TP-CH-4 T has a genome size of 4.5 Mbp and a G+C content of 44.5 mol%. Collectively, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic evidence, strain TP-CH-4 T represents a novel species of a novel genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Pelagihabitans pacificus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pelagihabitans pacificus is TP-CH-4 T (=CGMCC 1.17120 T =KCTC 72434 T ).

The Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated TP390 T , was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain TP390 T was related to the genus Flavobacterium and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with the type strain of Flavobacterium jejuense EC11 T (97.8 %). Sequence similarities to all other type strains of current species of the genus Flavobacterium were below 97 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 1 G. The quinone system for strain TP390 T comprised predominantly menaquinone MK-6 and the polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, four unknown aminolipids, one glycolipid and six unknown polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain TP390 T was 31.2 mol%. In addition, the maximum values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization ( is DDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain TP390 T with F. jejuense KCTC 42149 T were 22.60 and 80.01% respectively. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic, is DDH and ANI data demonstrated that the strain TP390 T is representative of a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which we propose the name Flavobacterium profundi sp. nov. (type strain TP390 T =KACC 18559 T =CGMCC 1.15398 T ).

The Gram-strain-negative, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacterial strain, designated S1-10 T , was isolated from marine sediment. Strain S1-10 T grew at 4-42 °C (optimally at 30-35 °C), at pH 7.0-10 (optimally at pH 9) and in the presence of 0.5-8 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S1-10 T was related to the genus Aequorivita and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Aequorivita viscosa 8-1b T (97.7%). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S1-10 T was 34.6 mol%. The polar lipid profile of strain S1-10 T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminolipids, two glycolipids, one phosphoglycolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. In addition, the maximum values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization ( is DDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain S1-10 T and A. viscosa CGMCC 1.11023 T were 15.4 and 75.7 %, respectively. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic, is DDH and ANI analyses demonstrated that strain S1-10 T is the representative of a novel species of the genus Aequorivita , for which we propose the name Aequorivita sinensis sp. nov. (type strain S1-10 T =CGMCC 1.12579 T =JCM 19789 T ). We also propose that Vitellibacter todarodis and Vitellibacter aquimaris should be transferred into genus Aequorivita and be named Aequorivita todarodis comb. nov. and Aequorivita aquimaris comb. nov., respectively. The type strain of Aequorivita todarodis comb. nov. is MYP2-2 T (= KCTC 62141 T = NBRC 113025 T ) and the type strain of Aequorivita aquimaris comb. nov. is D-24 T (=KCTC 42708 T =DSM 101732 T ).

The Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented and facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated H164 T , was isolated from seawater collected from the Caroline Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain H164 T was related to the genus Algibacter and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Algibacter wandonensis WS-MY22 T (97.4 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH. The predominant menaquinone was MK-6. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain H164 T was 33.2 mol%. The values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization ( is DDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain H164 T and A. wandonensis KCTC 32381 T were 26.10 and 81.88 %. The is DDH and ANI values between strain H164 T and Algibacter lectus DSM 15365 T were 25.40 and 81.79 %. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic, is DDH and ANI analyses demonstrated that strain H164 T represents a novel species of the genus Algibacter , for which we propose the name Algibacter pacificus sp. nov. (type strain H164 T =KCTC 72432 T =CGMCC 1.17117 T ).

A Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated TP187 T , was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain TP187 T is related to members of the genus Vibrio and has high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Vibrio chagasii (97.3%) and Vibrio gallaecicus (97.1%). Sequence similarities to all other type strains of current species of the genus Vibrio were below 97%. The polar lipids profile was found to contain diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an aminophospholipid, two aminolipids, four phospholipids and eleven unidentified polar lipids. Ubiquinone Q-8 was detected as the predominant quinone. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain TP187 T was determined to be 43.7 mol%. In addition, the maximum values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain TP187 T with V. chagasii LMG 21353 T were 22.40 and 77.50% respectively. Both values are below the proposed cutoff levels for species delineation, i.e. 70 and 95%, respectively. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic, isDDH and ANI data demonstrated that the strain TP187 T is representative of a novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which we propose the name Vibrio profundi sp. nov. (type strain TP187 T  = KACC 18555 T  = CGMCC 1.15395 T ).

The Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic strain, designated YC1039 T , was isolated from a seamount northern Mariana Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YC1039 T was related to the genus Mesoflavibacter and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris GJMS-9 T (98.3%) and Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens TD-ZX30 T (98.2%). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15:1 G and iso-C 15:0 . The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, and 13 unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was MK-6. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YC1039 T was 29.8 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain YC1039 T represents a novel species of the genus Mesoflavibacter, for which we propose the name Mesoflavibacter profundi sp. nov. (type strain YC1039 T  = KACC 19026 T  = CGMCC 1.16329 T ).

A bacterial strain designated TP462 T , isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain TP462 T was found to be Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Growth occurred at 4-37 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C) and with 0-4.0 % NaCl (optimum, 2-3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain TP462 T was related to the genus Rheinheimera and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strain Rheinheimera tangshanensis JA3-B52 T (96.8 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (composed of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain TP462 T was 48.7 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain TP462 T represents a novel species of the genus Rheinheimera, for which we propose the name Rheinheimera marina sp. nov. (type strain TP462 T =KACC 18560 T =CGMCC 1.15399 T ).

The Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated YM155 T , was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YM155 T was related to the genus Thalassotalea and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Thalassotalea piscium T202 T (97.2 %) and Thalassotalea agariperforans M-M1 T (97.2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, summed feature 3 (composed of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and iso-C16 : 0. Ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was the respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YM155 T was 36.1 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain YM155 T represents a novel species of the genus Thalassotalea, for which we propose the name Thalassotalea profundi sp. nov. (type strain YM155 T =KACC 18563 T =CGMCC 1.15922 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated YM319T, was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YM319T was related to the genus Oceanisphaera and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains Oceanisphaera profunda SM1222T (97.4 %), Oceanisphaera sediminis TW92T (97.3 %) and Oceanisphaera ostreae T-w6T (97.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (composed of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. Strain YM319T had Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YM319T was 54.8 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain YM319T represents a novel species of the genus Oceanisphaera, for which we propose the name Oceanisphaera marina sp. nov. (type strain YM319T=KACC 18564T=CGMCC 1.15923T).

A marine bacterial strain, F72 T , was isolated from a solitary scleractinian coral, collected in Yap seamounts in the Pacific Ocean. Strain F72 T is a Gram-negative, light-yellow-pigmented, motile, rod-shaped bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain F72 T is related to the genus Novosphingobium and has high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1 T (97.7 %), Novosphingobium panipatense SM16 T (97.6 %), Novosphingobium mathurense SM117 T (97.2 %) and Novosphingobium barchaimii LL02 T (97.1 %). Ubiquinone Q-10 was detected as the dominant quinone. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C 18:1 ω7c and C 17:1 ω6c. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain F72 T was 63.4 mol %. The polar lipids profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and one uncharacterized lipid. Strain F72 T shared DNA relatedness of 25 % with N. pentaromativorans JCM 12182 T , 31 % with N. panipatense DSM 22890 T , 21 % with N. mathurense DSM 23374 T and 26 % with N. barchaimii DSM 25411 T . Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that the strain F72 T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium, for which we propose the name Novosphingobium profundi sp. nov. (type strain F72 T  = KACC 18566 T  = CGMCC 1.15390 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated TP162T, was isolated from a seamount near the Yap Trench in the tropical western Pacific. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain TP162T was related to the genus Pseudoalteromonas and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis SE3T (98.2 %), Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica LMEB 39T (97.7 %), Pseudoalteromonas arabiensis k53T (97.4 %) and Pseudoalteromonas aliena KMM 3562T (97.2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (composed of iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C17 : 1ω8c and C16 : 0. The quinone system for strain TP162T comprised predominantly ubiquinone-8, and the polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain TP162T was 46.7 mol%. Strain TP162T shared 28 % DNA-DNA relatedness with P.shioyasakiensis JCM 18891T, 21 % with P. lipolytica JCM 15903T, 35 % with P.arabiensis JCM 17292T and 18 % with P.aliena LMG 22059T. Combined data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain TP162T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, for which we propose the name Pseudoalteromonas profundi sp. nov. (type strain TP162T=KACC 18554T=CGMCC 1.15394T).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated S9-10T, was isolated from a sediment sample from the Yellow Sea near China. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain S9-10T was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceaeand formed a distinct lineage. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S9-10T was 34.2 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (21.1 %), iso-C15 : 1G (16.3 %) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (12.0 %). The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipid, aminoglycolipid, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified polar lipids. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain S9-10T represents a novel species of a novel genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Oceanihabitans sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Oceanihabitans sediminis is S9-10T (=DSM 28133T =LMG 28074T).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, gliding bacterial strain, designated S5-23-3T, was isolated from a sediment sample of the Yellow Sea in China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S5-23-3T was related to the genus Winogradskyella and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Winogradskyella arenosi JCM 15527T (97.6 %), Winogradskyella rapida CECT 7392T (97.4 %) and Winogradskyella undariae KCTC 32261T (97.2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. Strain S5-23-3T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminolipids, one aminoglycolipid, one aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and seven unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain S5-23-3T was 36.1 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain S5-23-3T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyellasediminis sp. nov. (type strain S5-23-3T=LMG 28075T=DSM 28134T) is proposed.

Deep sea ferromanganese (FeMn) nodules contain metallic mineral resources and have great economic potential. In this study, a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent (16S rRNA genes clone library and pyrosequencing) methods was used to investigate the bacterial diversity in FeMn nodules from Jiaolong Seamount, the South China Sea. Eleven bacterial strains including some moderate thermophiles were isolated. The majority of strains belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria; one isolate belonged to the phylum Firmicutes. A total of 259 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in a clone library and 67,079 valid reads obtained using pyrosequencing indicated that members of the Gammaproteobacteria dominated, with the most abundant bacterial genera being Pseudomonas and Alteromonas. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of many organisms whose closest relatives are known manganese oxidizers, iron reducers, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and methylotrophs. This is the first reported investigation of bacterial diversity associated with deep sea FeMn nodules from the South China Sea.

A Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, motile by gliding bacterial strain, designated RU-4-M-4(T), was isolated from intertidal sediment of Sakhalin Island in Russia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RU-4-M-4(T) was related to the genus Algibacter and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Algibacter pectinivorans KACC 14153(T) (97.2%). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C15: 0 and iso-C15 : 1 G. The predominant menaquinone was MK-6. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain RU-4-M-4(T) was 36.4 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain RU-4-M-4(T) is a representative of a novel species of the genus Algibacter , for which we propose the name Algibacter amylolyticus sp. nov. (type strain RU-4-M-4(T) =LMG 28383(T) =DSM 29199(T))., (© 2015 IUMS.)

The Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated RU-1-R-18(T) was isolated from intertidal sediment on Sakhalin Island in Russia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RU-1-R-18(T) was related to the genus Puniceibacterium and shared highest sequence similarities with the type strain Puniceibacterium antarcticum KACC 16875(T) (97.9%). The predominant cellular fatty acid was C(18:1)ω7c. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and seven unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain RU-1-R-18(T) was 59.1 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA-DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain RU-1-R-18(T) represents a novel species of the genus Puniceibacterium , for which the name Puniceibacterium sediminis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain RU-1-R-18(T) =LMG 28384(T) =DSM 29052(T))., (© 2015 IUMS.)

A taxonomic study was performed on strain QM42(T), which was isolated from coastal seawater from an aquaculture site near Qingdao, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain QM42(T) was a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria. Cells of strain QM42(T) were Gram-negative, yellow, aerobic and rod-shaped. The strain formed a distinct phyletic line with less than 91 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relatives with validly published names within the class Gammaproteobacteria. The genomic DNA G+C content was 51.9 mol%. The major fatty acids were C(16 : 1)omega7c/iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH, C(18 : 1)omega7c and C(16 : 0). Based on data from a polyphasic chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical study, strain QM42(T) is considered to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Gilvimarinus chinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is QM42(T) (=CGMCC 1.7008(T)=DSM 19667(T)).

A novel psychrotolerant, Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain 537T, was isolated from sea-ice samples from the Arctic. Strain 537T was able to grow at 4-26 degrees C, with optimum growth occurring at 20-21 degrees C. Strain 537T had Q-8 as the major respiratory quinone and contained iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 omega7c (22.95 %), C15:1 (17.64 %) and C17:1 omega8c (13.74 %) as the predominant cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 537T formed a coherent cluster within the genus Colwellia. The highest level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.5 %) exhibited by strain 537T was obtained with respect to the type strain of Colwellia aestuarii. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties and DNA-DNA relatedness data, strain 537T represents a novel species of the genus Colwellia, for which the name Colwellia polaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 537T (=CGMCC 1.6132T =JCM 13952T).