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The aim of study was to assess CARS criteria and two optical methods used in the detection of carious lesions adjacent to posterior composite resins restorations (DiagnoDent Pen, VistaCam ix). Material and Methods. Study group included 10 patients aged between 22-28 years with 15 composite resins restorations (Class I) located in molars, with suspicion of caries adjacent to restorations, were evaluated at 3-5 years post-treatment. A clinical evaluation of the aesthetic coronal restorations was performed clinically, establishing the CARS index values. Subsequently, a paraclinical evaluation was carried out using the DiagnoDent Pen (KaVo) and VistacamIX (Dürr Dental), following the protocol indicated for each device used. Initially, images of each evaluated tooth were captured using VistaCam with the intraoral camera tip, followed by an assessment of the fillings using the Proof tip of the same device. Afterward, the DiagnoDent Pen was used to evaluate each coronal restoration included in the study. Distribution of CARS scores, DiagnoDent Pen values and VistaCam IX values was calculated and exposed in Microsoft Excel graphs. Results. Most frequent CARS scores were 3.3. (46,62%), followed by 3.2 (40,06%), 3.4. (6,66%), 3.5 (6,66%). Most frequent DiagnoDent pen values were >25 (40%), followed by 20-25 (33,30%), 13-19 (20%), and

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, based on a DHEQ questionnaire, the quality of life of a group of 25 students, 12 men and 13 women, from the Faculty of Dentistry, U.M.F. “Grigore T.Popa” Iasi (Romania) suffering from dentinal hypersensitivity. Materials and method. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to age: 20-25; 26-30; 31-35 and 36-40 years. The questionnaire included 15 questions, each with scores from 1 to 7 according to Likert scale. The data were analysed using Excel. Results. High scores values ​​ (5-7) on each question in the questionnaire (> 50% of the respondents) were obtained in 10 of the 15 questions, 84% of the people giving high scores to question no. 3; 80% to question 12; and 76% to questions 4,5,6,7,8. The lowest percentage (40%) of people who gave scores between 5-7 were for questions 9, 10, 13.15. Conclusions. As dental hypersensitivity is increasingly common in young people, we believe that the questionnaire method can be a means of quickly and completely assessing this condition. This method can help the dentist together with the clinical and paraclinical examination in making a correct diagnosis and developing an appropriate treatment plan. At the same time, with this quick method, the patient can become aware that the symptoms cannot be neglected and he must address to the dentist for diagnosis and treatment.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the composite resin-tooth interface when using a universal adhesive applied in different etching strategies. Materials and method: 20 class V cavities were prepared in extracted teeth and restored with a composite resin using a universal adhesive system. Half of the restorations were applied using etch-and-rinse technique and the other half were applied with self-etch technique. The samples had been subjected to a dye penetration microleakage test and then the teeth were axially sectioned. The microleakage scores and the morphology of the adhesive joint were evaluated using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Results: The microleakage scores did not show a significant difference between the self-etch group and the total etch-group. For both groups, no significant gaps were noticed, however few cracks were visible within the adhesive layer. The SEM images showed the preservation of a tide contact between the composite resin and the dental tissues in most specimens of the both groups. An adhesive joint involving a layer of adhesive resin was formed between composite resin and both enamel and dentin regardless of the chosen technique (self-etch or total etch strategy). Conclusions: The immediate sealing qualities and the morphology of the interface did not significantly change when total etch strategy had been used when comparing to self-etch strategy.

The aim of this study was to assess, by using VAS indices and SCHIFF scale, the effectiveness of a desensitising product with role in the blocking of the dentinal tubules, at 24 hours and 1 week after its application. Material and methods. The clinical study was performed on 37 teeth (7 incisive; 9 canines; 17 premolars and 4 molars), divided in two groups: Group 1 (n = 18) –teeth treated with desensitiser agent Voco Profluorid® Varnish; Group 2 (n=19) –placebo (distilled water). Results. VAS indices at baseline were 5.14 (at stimulation with air spray). 24 hours after desensitising session the mean value of VAS indices decreased, in group 1, from 6.07 to 1.00. 1 week after desensitising session the mean value of VAS indices was 1.03. VAS indices for placebo group remained 3.05. Schiff indices at baseline had 1.78 mean values for the teeth taken in study. Schiff indices for group 1 decreased from 2.38 to 0.357 after 24 hours, and increased to 0.864 after 1 week. Placebo group had the same Schiff value (0.86) during the study period. Conclusions. Voco Profluorid® Varnish was effective in the treatment of the dental cervical hypersensitivity with one single session, and the desensitising effect was maintained after 1 week. The use of this product in multiple treatment sessions could determine the complete closure of the dentinal tubules.

The aim of study was to assess, based on FDI criteria, a group of esthetic posterior direct restorations and to establish the proper refurbishment or repair methods. Materials and method 59 composite resins posterior restorations, from 15 patients, were assessed based on FDI criteria. Data were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results The study found a high percent of the assessed direct restorations with good and excellent esthetic, functional and biological FDI criteria. For the restorations with satisfactory FDI criteria it was indicated minimal invasive repair technique, and for the restorations with poor FDI criteria it was indicated replacement. Conclusions The clinical assessment criteria help dentists to decide the use of minimal invasive repair interventions, thus prolonging the functional, anatomical, esthetic durability of aesthetic posterior direct restorations

We aimed to analyse parameters defining carious disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate potential correlations with inflammatory systemic parameters related to RA. Materials and method. We performed a complex clinical oral exam (DMFT, PI, RFR, RFS, CT) and inflammatory tests (ESR, C-reactive protein) and ASLO in seven patients known with RA. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16 programs and Spearman`s correlation. The results showed a positive correlation between ASLO and DMFT, PI, CT, ESR and DMFT, PI, CT, C-reactive protein and variable: CT, PI; negative correlations were reported between ASLO and RFR, RFS, while C-reactive protein also associated with DMFT, RFR, RFS. Conclusions RA can influence the patient's cariogenic risk.

The aim of this paper is to compare the detection rate of chronic periapical lesions using radiographic exam and CBCT. Materials and methodsThe study group included 12 patients with 30 teeth with root canal fillings (aged at least 24 months). An assessment of the periapical status was performed using radiographic exam (ortopantomograph) and CBCT. The recorded data were compared to determine periapical lesions detection accuracy related to dental group, the type and extension of periapical lesions. ResultsThe detection rate of incipient periapical lesions for teeth with old root canal fillings is higher for CBCT (17%) compared with radiographic exam (10%). In the case of the extended periapical lesions, the detection rate is similar for radiography and CBCT (44%). ConclusionCBCT can be recommended in clinical situations of teeth treated endodonticallyor pulp necrotic untreated teeth associated with mild periapical symptoms and the failure of radiographic exam to detect the presence of periapical lesion.

The aim of this study was to determine if cervical-facial radiotherapy can influence the carious disease indices in relation to duration, total dose and session’s number. Materials and method The study group included 18 patients following cervical-facial radiotherapy for oro-maxillo-facial cancers (6 females, 12 males, age 45-70). The radiotherapy was performed with a dose 200cGy per session, 50Gy total dose, 30 number sessions, sessions duration 7 minutes. The clinical examen and paraclinical tests were performed on all patients included in study. DMFS, RFR, RFS, pH were determined. The results show a positive correlation between DMFS, RFS, radiation dose and number of radiotherapy sessions. Negative correlation was observed between RFR, salivary pH and the radiotherapy sessions duration. Conclusions The patients following cervical-facial radiotherapy present xerostomia and constitute a high cariogenic risk group.

The aim of this study was to determine the repair rate of the root furcation lesions, using MTA and hydroxide calcium based materials. Materials and method The study group included 24 molars (8 maxillary; 16 mandibular) with root furcations, from 24 patients (14 males; 10 females), with age 21-46 years. The treatments were performed with MTA and calcium hydroxide-based products and radiographic follow-up for 12 months. Results The root furcations with endo-periodontal etiology presented complete healing 12 months posttreatment in 88% cases. The root furcations associated with root perforation presented complete healing 12 months posttreatment in 82% cases. Conclusions The lesion extension, the accuracy of technique and the therapeutic materials are important factors that influence the posttreatment evolution of an endo-periodontal lesion.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the adhesion and the type of bond failure when compomer or glass-ionomer cement was bonded with resin composite to total etches system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for tested the compomer Dyract eXtra (D) and glass-ionomer cement Ketac Molar Easymix (KM) as basic restoration under two types of composite resins mycrohibride with total etch adhesive. A total number of 30 human molars were prepared with standardised cavities and were randomly divided in 3 groups. In the control group (F/Z), the cavities were filled only with composite resins (Filtek Z250-3M ESPE or Zmack Comp-Zermack). In group test 1 (G1 F-D/ G1 F-KM) the cavities were filled with Filtek Z250 in combination with Dyract, respectively Ketac Molar Easymix (as basic restoration). In group test 2 (G2 Z-D/G2 Z-KM) the cavities were filled with Zmack Comp in combination with Dyract, respectively Ketac Molar. The teeth were kept in distilled water at 37 ° C for 24 hours. The samples were longitudinally sectioned through the restoration and exposed to electron microscopy to see the adhesion of these materials to the dental tissues but also between them. The results indicated the bond strength of the composite resin to the conventional glassionomer cement was lower than that to the resin-modified glassionomer cement.

Aim of the study The study aimed to determine, by using CBCT, the prevalence and the extension of the periapical healing processes during short term follow-up of the endodontically treated chronic apical lesions. Material and methods Using CBCT examen, 15 teeth (20 roots) affected by chronic apical periodontitis were selected for this study. Ez3D 2009 Plus software was used to perform accurate measurements of bone lesions before and 3 months after treatment. Results The results of our study show the partial healing of the chronic periapical lesions after nonsurgical endodontic treatment, with a prevalence of the healing reactions of 77% for CAP with CBCT-PAI 3, 43% for CAP with CBCT-PAI 4, and 25% for CAP with CBCT-PAI 5. For the entire study group, partial healing was observed at 3 months follow-up in 65% cases, with higher percents (77%) for teeth with CBCT-PAI 3. Conclusion CBCT diagnostic and the follow-up of the results in the case of the non-surgical endodontic therapy of the chronic apical periodontitis is a reliable tool that must be considered for an extended use in the endodontic field.

The aim of this study was to analyze the various salivary organic compounds in 158 patients who were divided into three groups: 32 in the control group (without general diseases), 108 with general diseases (asthma, diabetes) and 18 with head and neck radiotherapy. The values of the salivary organic compounds were compared with those in the blood, in all groups studied. Materials and methods: The study consisted of the collection of saliva in test tubes which were maintained at a temperature of – 20 ° C. The samples were centrifuged at 10,000 rotations per minute. Laboratory analyzes were performed at an automatic analyzer, observing the protocols specific to each parameter studied. The results obtained from each component salivary considered in the study were statistically analyzed by performing comparisons between groups of patients examined and between the values of these components in the blood vs. saliva. Were obtained lower salivary amylase levels in the group of patients that followed the head and neck radiotherapy (M amylase = 44633.3) compared to the group of patients with general diseases (M amylase = 105,440.0) and control group (M amylase = 114,456.3). In our study we observed a high concentration of urea in the study group (30,9mmol/L) and the radiotherapy, compared to control group (27,31mmol / L). In diabetic patients examined in our study we found high levels of salivary glucose (M glucose = 5.35) than the control group (M glucose = 1.34). Conclusions: The results confirm previous observations showing that, through different general diseases are mainly affected parotid salivary glands, salivary source of key organic compounds (amylase, total protein, glucose). The variations of these chemical compounds in saliva have repercussions on the protective effect of saliva against cariogenic microbial agents and cause finally increase caries risk.

The aim of study was to determine, using SEM microscopy, the changes of enamel surfaces of teeth imersed in 0,06 ml0/l hydrochloric acid (pH1,2). The choice for this solution is to simulate the gastric juice attack related to erosive lesions on oral dental surfaces of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The study group included 20 extracted healthy human teeth, 10 maxillary teeth and 10 mandibular teeth. After samples preparation, every tooth was cut in three slices. The three slices were imersed in distilled water (control sample), hydrochloric acid (30 minutes), hydrochloric acid (1 hour). The samples were analysed in SEM microscopy, followed by a analysis of minerals concentration. The results showed, for samples imersed in hydrochloric acid, the apparition of important surface changes, as enamel pores enlargement, irregular structure of enamel prisms and significantly decrease of calcium, phosphat ions concentrations. Conclusions: The demineralisation of enamel tissues is directly related to repeated acid attacks; the dissolution rate of enamel in acid erosion depends on chemical parameters of solution (pH, concentration); the study highlights the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for the hard dental tissues

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of some characteristic of the light curing unit (polymeriyation mode and the distance between light curing tip to the surface of composite resin) on the efficiency of SDR® Plus bulk fill flowable base composite. U (universal), A2, and A3 shades was used in the study. Fiftyfive samples from each shade were prepared by injection the flowable resin in cylindrical plastic molds with the intern diameter of 5 mm. Three types of plastic molds according to their hight were used: 6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm. The tip of the light curing unit was placed on top of the mold and composite resin was light cure for 20 seconds for U shade and 40 seconds for A2 and A3 shades. Top and bottom surface Vickers hardness was determined using a digital microhardness. The hardness ratio of each specimen was also calculated Polymerization efficiency of SRD® Plus bulk-fill flowable base composite resin was not affected by the distance from the light sourse to the surface of the material and the light curing mode. Staggared polymerization mode of the light curing unit determines slightly low values of surface hardness when comparing to inclined and normal polymerization modes. Darker shades of bulf fill flowable base composite resin seems to present decreased surface hardness when comparing to ligther shades irrespective the distance from the light curing unit to the material surface and the mode of polymerization.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Vickers hardness (HV), indentation and Young`s modulus to 4 materials of coronal restoration. Materials and methods Six samples of 5mm in diameter and 6 inches were made of the following materials: Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE Co.), Zmack Comp (Zermack SpA, Italy), Kalore (GC Corporation, Japan); Dyract eXtra (Dentsply De Trey Gmbh, Germany). After polymerization of the samples for 40 seconds using the LEDidition lamp (Ivoclaire Vivadent clinical, Austria), these were finished, polished and kept in distilled water at room temperature for 48 hours. The hardness was measured at the UMT-2 Tribometer (CETR), and the values obtained in GPA were converted to Vickers hardness (kgf/mm2). For each sample, six indentations were made and the mean of the values obtained was calculated. On the same device, the Young`s modulus was also measured for all samples. Results Statistical data showed that the mean HV and modulus of elasticity values were the folowing: Filtek Z 250> Zmack Comp> Dyract eXtra> Kalore. In the case of the depth of the indentation, the values were inversely proportional to the Vickers hardness of the materials: Kalore> Dyract eXtra> Zmack Comp> Filtek Z 250. Conclusion Vickers hardness and Young's modulus were higher to the microhybrid composite compared to nano-hybrid composite and compomer.

The aim of our study was to identify potential relations between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology (signs and symptoms) and disease activity, disability and impairment of quality of life in patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. We performed a cross-sectional observational study in a cohort of consecutive patients with inflammatory rheumatic disorders (IRD) and TMJ-related arthritis, attending at least once the outpatient rheumatology department between 2005 and 2007. 152 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 55 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) met the eligibility criteria (IRD with TMJ involvement at the time of examination) and were recruited for this study; supplementary, 33 healthy controls also featured signs and symptoms related to TMJ involvement and qualified to be included in the study. TMJ complaints were recorded by a regular questionnaire examining the following items: spontaneous muscle pain, muscle pain during use of the jaw, articular pain, difficulty in opening the mouth. In all cases we evaluated disease activity and disability according to internationally validated instruments specifically designed for each disorder or with a common destination. TMJ involvement is commonly reported in patients with RA and AS account for high levels of disability and impaired health-related quality of life. TMJ arthritis significantly correlates with disease activity and disability, not only in RA but also in AS, requiring a complex management.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in patients with various rheumatic conditions and to define the accurate assessment protocol. We performed a prospective observational study in 1052 consecutive patients with various inflammatory (433 rheumatoid arthritis, RA; 258 ankylosing spondylitis, AS; 103 psoriatic arthritis, PsA; 32 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, JIA) and degenerative (226 osteoarthritis, OA) rheumatic disorders attending at least once the rheumatology department. Patients were classified in six study groups, as follows: group A comprising 152 RA; group B: 55 AS; group C: 44 PsA; group D: 22 JIA; group E: 42 patients with osteoarthritis (OA); and group F or the control group. All patients were evaluated according to the same standardized protocol including several variables e.g. demographics, epidemiologic, clinical, biological and imaging parameters according to the underlying rheumatic condition. TMJ and dental-periodontal system were also examined. Statistical analysis was done in SAS 4.3 program, p

Rampant caries is the most aggressive and rapidly progressing type of carious disease. The management of these patients represents one of the most challenging experiences in any dental office because of the gravity and high risk of recurrence. The early diagnosis of this condition and identification of the risk factors allows the control of the disease and avoid repetitive, inefficient and aggressive operative procedures. Besides the traditional preventive methods, the effort of the dental team should focus on making the patient aware of the individual risk factors, and change his behavior and attitude towards systemic and oral health. This is a presentation of the case of a young patient with rampant caries, which illustrates the complexity of the pathology and the multitude factors involved in the etiology of the disease