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We present an update of the distribution of the family Sparganophilidae in North America. Previously unpublished provincial and state records are included for the 11 extant species in this monogeneric family - Sparganophilus gatesi, S. helenae, S. komareki, S. kristinae, S. meansi, S. pearsei, S. smithi, S. sonomae, S. tamesis, S. tennesseensis, S. wilmae, for the two S. pearsei subspecies, S. p. libertiensis and S. p. sarasotae, and for those specimens identified only as 'Sparganophilus sp.'-are included. We summarize the expanded distributional and ecological information for each of these sparganophilid taxa based on previously published information plus 94 new records from one Canadian province and from 57 counties in 19 U.S. states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Megadrilogica is the property of Megadrilogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the initial spread of pheretimoid earthworms in the USA and recently in Canada. There are now five species recorded from Canada, but that number may eventually increase. A synonomy, description, reproduction, distribution, and photograph is presented for each species, plus a glossary and key to their identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collection of five species are reported from Nebraska for the first time: ACANTHODRILIDAE – Diplocardia conoyeri (Murchie, 1961), LUMBRICIDAE – Dendrodrilus rubidus(Savigny, 1826), Lumbricus castaneus (Savigny, 1826), L. terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 and SPARGANOPHILIDAE – Sparganophilus tamesis Benham, 1892 (=S. eiseni) brings the number of known species of terrestrial earthworms in Nebraska to 23. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many economically significant fish species eat polychaetes, which have a high calorific value and are protein-rich. The taxonomic status, geographic range, and habitat ecology of 40 species belonging to 29 genera and 18 families are examined in the article. Numerous polychaetes are employed as live feed and biopesticide in the agriculture and aquaculture industries, respectively. The possibility of capturing and subsequently culturing this group has been identified by the investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canadian forests cover 43% of its landmass, which represent 10% of the world's overall forested areas and 30% of the world's boreal forests. There are eight forest regions in Canada plus grassland and tundra. Each forest region is represented by a description, map, earthworm diversity and function. Four appendices summarize: the distribution and diversity earthworms in Canadian forests according to dominant tree species and the Canadian and American soil type systems; earthworms recorded from the eight Canadian forest regions; earthworms recorded from the 10 dominant forest soils; and descriptions of the soil type profiles in Canada from which earthworms have been recorded. A map of the soil orders in Canada is presented. A table summarizes the mean values for morpho-anatomical traits characterizing the most frequent ecological categories with which earthworms are associated. The discussion considers arctic earthworm migration and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixteen earthworm species in six lumbricid genera and one species in the genus Sparganophilus (Sparganophilidae) are recorded from the 25,785 ha Spednic Lake Protected Natural Area (SL PNA), New Brunswick, Canada, the result ofsurvey of 71 sites, most examined in 2017–18. Fourteen of the species encountered are considered European introductions. Aporrectodea tuberculata, A. turgida, Lumbricus rubellus, Dendrobaena octaedra, L. terrestris, Bimastos rubidus, A. rosea, Eiseniella tetraedra, Sparganophilus tamesis, Octolasion tyrtaeum, L. castaneus, in descending order, were the species most widespread in the SL PNA. Least common (single collections) among the species encountered were Aporrectodea longa, A. trapezoides, Dendrobaena lusitana, Lumbricus festivus and Octolasion cyaneum. Dendrobaena lusitana had not been previously recorded in North America. The species occurrence in the SL PNA brings the provincial total of earthworm species to 18. Collections of native Sparganophilus tamesis from the SL PNA are the first recorded from the St. Croix River watershed, where the species occurred at densities as high as 165.6 ± 95.9 worms/m² . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper we present the results of a preliminary inventory of the terrestrial oligochaetes, or earthworms, of the Nachusa Grasslands preserve in Lee and Ogle Counties, Illinois, USA, based upon specimens collected from 23 sites in April and October 2015. In total, eight species representing four genera in the family Lumbricidae are reported, including the collection of Bimastos welchi (Smith, 1917) from one site - a new state record for Illinois, and species native to North America. The other seven species collected during this study - Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826), Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugès, 1828), Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen, 1874), Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen, 1873), Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister, 1843, Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758, and Octolasion tyrtaeum (Savigny, 1826) - are considered to be introductions, and are relatively common elsewhere in Illinois and in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian pheretimoid "jumping worms" are found throughout the northeast and midwest United States but had previously only been documented once in Canada, in 2014. In summer 2021, reports were received of "unusual" earthworms in the gardens of private residences in southern Ontario, Canada. Following up on these reports, we provide five new collections of jumping worms including the previously documented Amynthas hilgendorfi (syn. Metaphire hilgendorfi) and Amynthas agrestis in addition to the first records of Amynthas tokioensis (syn. Metaphire levis) and Pithemera bicincta. This brings the total number of known earthworm species in Canada to 35. Jumping worms were collected primarily from household gardens but were also detected in a semi-natural ravine in Toronto, Ontario. Observations by landowners and the extent of invasion in the ravine support suspicions that undocumented jumping worm populations have already been present in Canada and Ontario in particular for some time. Further monitoring and research supported by community-science should be prioritized to determine the distribution and spread of jumping worms in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several recent focused collections, directed at habitats often supporting Sparganophilus, have turned out to contain new state and county earthworm distribution records in Colorado and California. A collection history of these species is presented for the two states. The lumbricids, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Eiseniella tetraedra and Lumbricus terrestris, are new county records. Sparganophilus pearsei is a new county record in California, and new county and state records for Colorado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecozones are described by the basal physical features of the environment: geological structure and chemistry, the landforms which have developed on the geological underpinnings over time, and climate. These are major geographical units with a characteristic macro climate, whose constituent physiographic forms, faunal and floral realms, hydrological systems and soils are inter-related. This paper examines the 33 earthworm species in three families recorded in the 15 Canadian ecozones. There is a discussion on the effect of climate change may have on earthworm's northern migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve additional collections from Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean have increased the known earthworm species from the Island. Chilota dalei (Acanthodrilidae) and Eiseniella tetraedra (Lumbricidae) are reported for the first time. These two plus the three lumbricids: Allolobophoridella eiseni, Dendrodrilus rubidus and Lumbricus rubellus bring the total known species on Gough Island to five. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This small collection of terrestrial earthworms from New Island (Falkland Islands, UKOT) and the Northwest Territories (Canada) produced three new island and two new territory records. Aporrectodea turgida, Dendrodrilus rubidus and Lumbricus rubellus are the first earthworm records for New Island and Bimastos parvus and Lumbricus rubellus are reported from Northwest Territories for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollenia rudis (Diptera, Calliphoridae) is a major nuisance insect pest in buildings and other structures during the fall and winter months. Adult flies invade to overwinter and cluster around windows and attics. These flies are parasites of earthworms, but the host worms are very poorly documented across North America. We report the first identification of Aporrectodea trapezoides as the host of Pollenia rudis in Colorado. We report the first two earthworm records for Washington County, Colorado (Aporrectodea trapezoides and Ap. turgida). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following note includes content that was developed for the upcoming Northwest Territories Government Publication "NWT Species 2021-2025". This content may be useful as an example of introductory material for interpretation of Oligochaetes and some leeches, and its science base, as well as for specific information about these groups in NWT. Distribution maps and collection details are provided for four species new to NWT including: Dendrobaena octaedra, Eisenia foetida, Eiseniella tetraedra, and Haemopsis lateromaculata. Lists of species present and expected are provided for earthworms (9 species) and leeches (20 species). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Megadrilogica is the property of Megadrilogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Megadrilogica is the property of Megadrilogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genus Octodrilus is represented by two species in Turkey: Octodrilus complanatus (Dugès, 1828) and Octodrilus transpadanus (Rosa, 1884). O. transpadanus is a Trans-Aegean species recorded from central Europe through Turkey to Georgia. It was recorded from almost all geographic regions of Turkey in previous studies. O. complanatus is a circum-mediterranean species which is widely distributed especially in countries and islands located in and around the Mediterranean basin. In Turkey, it is registered from the Marmara, Aegean and North-Western Anatolia Regions and here it is reported for the first time from Inner Anatolia as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In total, 42 collections were taken from Watson Lake to Dawson City and produced two species new to the Yukon: Eiseniella tetraedra and Lumbricus castaneus. The collections near Watson Lake, which is in the southeastern portion of the territory, were taken during the 2019 Yukon Conservation Data Centre Bioblitz. This brings the number of known species in the Yukon to ten. A collection in Kluane National Park produced the second sample of Arctiostrotus fontinalis in the territory. Bimastos parvus from Dawson City was also the second collection in the Yukon since the first in 1993. The most frequently encountered species in the Yukon are Dendrobaena octaedra and Dendrodrilus rubidus. Lumbricus rubellus is the first earthworm species to be reported from the Skagway area in Alaska. We present a key and illustrated glossary to the species in the Yukon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey of the earthworms from all 95 counties of Tennessee, USA, documents the presence of 20 species previously unreported from the state, increasing the state list to 62 species. Reported from the state for the first time are: Diplocardia alba, D. alabamana, D. eiseni, D. farmvillensis, D. gatesi, D. hulberti, D. invecta, D. longiseta, D. macdowelli, D. meansi, D. michaelseni, D. nova, D. riparia, D. rugosa, D. smithii, D. sylvicola, D. texensis, D. varivesicula, D. verrucosa and Microscolex phosphoreus. In addition, one as yet undescribed species, referenced herein as Diplocardia n.sp. TN01, was collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small collections of earthworms from the Emirates of Dubai and Ras al Khaimah United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) yielded new distributional records. Celeriella duodecimalis (Octochaetidae) is a new record for Dubai and Konhadrilus zicsii and Ramiella bishambari (Octochaetidae) are the first records for Ras al Khaimah, while C. duodecimalis and K. zicsii are the first records for the U.A.E. These new records increase to eleven the number of earthworm species reported from the U.A.E., all considered to be introductions. No indigenous species have yet been described from the U.A.E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This second major earthworm survey of the state of Oklahoma, USA, records nine taxa for the first time from the remaining 33 counties that had not previously been surveyed. The species are Acanthodrilidae: Diplocardia glabra, D. texensis, Diplocardia n. sp. OK04, Diplocardia n. sp. OK05, Microscolex dubius, Microscolex phosphoreus; Lumbricidae: Bimastos longicinctus; Megascolecidae: Amynthas carnosus; and Ocnerodrilidae: Eukerria saltensis, the first ocnerodrilid species from the state. Errata for the previous 2010 survey correct D. hulberti to D. caroliniana and D. keyesi to D. texensis in Woodward County and D. conoyeri to D. longiseta in Choctaw and McCurtain Counties; these corrections retract D. hulberti and D. keyesi as new state records. In total, the number of earthworm species has increased from 30 to 39, with 25 being native. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the summary of checklists, surveys and/or significant references for the ten Canadian provinces and three territories and the 50 American states. The data for this paper are based on the author's work covering over 50 years of collections and reported in 116 publications. This summary includes ten families, 43 genera and 193 species. Maps for the locations of the Canadian provinces and territories and the American states are included in the appendices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first report of Arctiostrotus fontinalis from the Yukon Territory and Canada. This native earthworm species has previously been reported from the states of Oregon and Washington: from just one county in each state. The discovery of A. fontinalis in the Yukon Territory brings the number of known species of terrestrial earthworms to eight. One of the other species is a native (Bimastos parvus); the remaining six species are introduced European exotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This small collection of 208 specimens from the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore represents five species in three genera and two families (Lumbricidae and Sparganophilidae). Three species are reported from Michigan for the first time: Sparganophilus gatesi, Sp. komareki and Sp. tennesseensis. One species was collected from Benzie County for the first time (Sp. eiseni) and six species were from Leelanau County for the first time (Dendrodrilus rubidus, Eiseniella tetraedra, Sp. eiseni, Sp. gatesi, Sp. komareki and Sp. tennesseensis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of earthworm in the genus Diplocardia is described from the Invertebrate Collections of the Canadian Museum of Nature, where nearly 50 years have elapsed since they were first collected in several counties of Tennessee, USA. Most of these Diplocardia deborahae n. sp. specimens bear a single mV female pore, a characteristic otherwise rare among the 50 described species of diplocardians; only 3 of 34 adult specimens possess a single pair of ovipores. Species most similar morphologically to Diplocardia deborahae n. sp. are D. caroliniana, D. meansi and D. ornata. The geographic range of this species is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intent of this paper was to give an overview of the distribution of the earthworm taxa across the ecoregions of continental USA and Alaska. It contains a descriptive summary of each of the 104 ecoregions and the citation of 81 papers each giving a more detailed description of the earthworm taxa including the number of families, genera and species recorded in each. The 81 ecoregion papers include 10 families, 43 genera and 191 species. Additionally, there is a summary table of the taxa in the American Ecoregions and an Appendix Table of collections or records, omitted or received after the individual ecoregions were published. There are colour maps of the Continental Ecoregions, the Alaskan Ecoregions, and the Hawaiian Ecoregions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A preliminary survey of earthworms at 14 sites in the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads during July 2017 yielded nine species: Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea rosea, Aporrectodea turgida, Dendrobaena octaedra, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Lumbricus castaneus, Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus terrestris and Satchellius mammalis. All of the species are members of the family Lumbricidae and are native to England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ridge and Valley Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of nine states in the northeast and southeast. There are 52 species found here representing 17 genera and six families (Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae). Twenty-four of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all others are European, Oriental or Pantropical introductions (exotic). A description of the ecoregion and six colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southwestern Appalachians Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of four states in the American southeast. There are 30 species found here representing 14 genera and four families (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Eleven of the species are native (endemic) to North America; all the others are European, Oriental, or Pantropical (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and two colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first report of earthworms from the Emirate of Sharjah, U.A.E. brings the number of species known from the country to five. Lampito mauritii from Sharjah is added to the four species reported from Dubai: Ocnerodrilus occidentalis, Octocheatona beautrix, Perioynx excavatus and Ramiella bishambari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Blue Ridge Ecoregion in the United States occurs in six states (Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia). There are 47 species found here, representing 17 genera and seven families (Acanthodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae). Twenty-four of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all the others are European, Oriental or Pantropical introductions (exotics). A description of the ecoregion and five colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Piedmont Ecoregion in the United States occurs in five states: Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia. There are 49 species found here, representing 18 genera and seven families (Acanthodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Sparganophilidae). Twenty-three of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all others are European, Oriental or Pantropical introductions (exotics). A description of the ecoregion and four colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Edwards Plateau Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of 28 counties in the state of Texas (American southwest). There are 18 species found here, representing nine genera and five families (Acanthodrilidae, Eudrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Ocnerodrilidae). Six of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all others are Africian, European, Oriental or Pantropical (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and three colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Interior River Valleys and Hills Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of four states in the American midwest (Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Missouri). There are 39 species found here, representing 17 genera and six families (Acanthodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Nineteen of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all others are European, Oriental or Pantropical (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and two colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Interior Plateau Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of six states: Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama. There are 43 species found here, representing 16 genera and five families (Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Twenty-three of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all are European or Oriental introductions (exotics). A description of the ecoregion and four colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South Central Plains Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of four states in the American south (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas). There are 58 species found here; representing 14 genera and four families (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Thirty-eight of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all others are European, Oriental or Pantropical (exotic) introductions. Adescription of the ecoregion and seven colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Appalachians Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of six states (Kentucky, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia andWest Virginia). There are 34 species found here, representing 14 genera and five families (Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Seventeen of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all others are European, Oriental or Pantropical (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and four colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Northwestern Glaciated Plains Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of three states in the American plains (Montana, North and South Dakota). There are 12 species found here, representing seven genera and one family (Lumbricidae). None of the species is considered native (endemic) to North America; all others are European (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and four colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WesternAllegheny Plateau Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of four states in the American northeast (Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio and Kentucky). There are 22 species found here, representing 13 genera and four families (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Seven of the species are native (endemic) to North America; all others are European or Oriental(exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and six colour photograph are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern Michigan/Northern Indiana Drift Plains Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of two states in the American midwest. There are 21 species found here, representing 12 genera and four families (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Nine of the species are native (endemic) toNorth America; all the others are European or Oriental (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and six colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Eastern Corn Belt Plains Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of three states: Indiana, Michigan and Ohio. There are 35 species found here, representing 15 genera and five families (Acanthodrilidae, Komarekionidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae and Sparganophilidae). Sixteen of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all the others are European or Oriental introductions (exotic). A description of the ecoregion and four colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coastal Western Hemlock-Sitka Spruce Forests Ecoregion in the United States occurs only in the state of Alaska. There are 14 species found here, representing nine genera and one family (Lumbricidae). None of the species are native (endemic) to North America; all others are European (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and four colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pacific Coastal Mountains Ecoregion in the United States occurs only in the state of Alaska. There are ten species found here, representing seven genera and one family (Lumbricidae). None of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America; all are European introductions (exotic). A description of the ecoregion and four colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Snake River Plain Ecoregion in the United States only occurs in portions of two states (Idaho and Oregon) in the American northwest. There are ten species found here, representing six genera and one family (Lumbricidae). None of the species are considered native (endemic) to North America, all are European introductions (exotics). A description of the ecoregion and three colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southwestern Tablelands Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of five states: Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. There are 25 species found here, representing 11 genera and three families (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae and Sparganophilidae). Twelve of the species are native (endemic) to North America, all others are European (exotic) or Pantropical introductions. A description of the ecoregion and six colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The High Plains Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions of eight states: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming. There are 22 species found here, representing ten genera and two families (Acanthodrilidae and Lumbricidae). Nine of the species are native (endemic) to North America, all others are European (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and eleven colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Great Plains Ecoregion in the United States occurs in a portion of four states in the American mid-west (Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Texas). There are 25 species and one subspecies found here, representing seven genera and three families (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae). Eighteen of the species are native (endemic) to North America; all are European or Oriental (exotic) introductions. A description of the ecoregion and five colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cross Timbers Ecoregion in the United States occurs in portions ofthree states in the American central region (Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas). There are 17 species found here, representing eight genera and four families (Acanthodrilidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Sparganophilidae). Thirteen of the species are native (endemic) to North America; all are European or Oriental (exotic) introductions. A description of six ecoregion and three colour photographs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]