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It is well known that simultaneity within an inertial frame is defined in relativity theory by a convention or definition. This definition leads to different simultaneities across inertial frames and the well-known principle of relativity of simultaneity. The lack of a universal present implies the existence of past, present, and future as a collection of events on a four-dimensional manifold or continuum wherein three dimensions are space like and one dimension is time like. However, such a continuum precludes the possibility of evolution of future from the present as all events exist "forever" so to speak on the continuum with the tenses past, present, and future merely being perceptions of different inertial frames. Such a far-reaching ontological concept, created by a mere convention, is yet to gain full acceptance. In this paper, we present arguments in favor of an absolute present, which means simultaneous events are simultaneous in all inertial frames, and subscribe to evolution of future from the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The importance of synchronization of spatially separated clocks in observing event coordinates cannot be overemphasized. We illustrate this with a real-world example. The results show the dependence of both length contraction and time dilation on the adopted synchronization convention. It is illustrated that a change in synchronization convention completely alters the appearance of the physical world. This is to be viewed in the context of the stated position in physics that synchronization of spatially separated clocks in any inertial frame depended on the adoption of a convention for its resolution. The preferred method of synchronization of spatially separated clocks is the standard convention recommended by the theory of relativity; however, it still remains a convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Lorentz transformation may involve the changes in a three-dimensional fixed reference frame when given a constant boost velocity v in a moving reference frame as measured by an observer in a specified fixed reference frame. A Lorentz transformation may also involve changes in the size and shape of a material object when given a constant boost velocity v in a moving (Galilean) reference frame as measured by an observer in a specified fixed reference frame receiving light signals along the straight axis of a connecting ether rope. The mass of the flux of primordial fluid moving with a boost velocity is increased by the Lorentz gamma factor so that the measured time is reduced by the factor gamma. This is known as time dilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physics Essays is the property of Physics Essays Publication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The physics of low-energy quantum systems is usually studied without explicit consideration of the background spacetime. Phenomena inherent to quantum theory in curved spacetime, such as Hawking radiation, are typically assumed to be relevant only for extreme physical conditions: at high energies and in strong gravitational fields. Here we consider low-energy quantum mechanics in the presence of gravitational time dilation and show that the latter leads to the decoherence of quantum superpositions. Time dilation induces a universal coupling between the internal degrees of freedom and the centre of mass of a composite particle. The resulting correlations lead to decoherence in the particle position, even without any external environment. We also show that the weak time dilation on Earth is already sufficient to affect micrometre-scale objects. Gravity can therefore account for the emergence of classicality and this effect could in principle be tested in future matter-wave experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of experimental tests of time dilation in special relativity is given, with an emphasis on the recent heavy-ion storage-ring work, currently the most sensitive method. The experimental results are evaluated in the context of the kinematic test theories of Robertson and Mansouri and Sexl, which assume the existence of a preferred inertial reference frame. Prospects for future improvements and the sensitivity of time dilation experiments to Lorentz and CPT violating extensions of the standard model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the Lorentz factor and the Schwarzschild solution in relation to the estimation and verification of time dilation in particular from Global Positioning System data. As a result, we detect the possible occurrence of a proportionality between the time dilation effects of special and general relativity in free-fall motion in Keplerian orbits. This observation is then proved mathematically. The results show that gravitational time dilation during free fall in Keplerian orbits must be exactly double that caused in special relativity due to linear velocity. We propose that a law be enunciated in view of the proof provided, and of the experimental and technological verification of time dilation effects during the past six to seven decades. The importance of this finding as a universal phenomenon and in the further development of stable clocks and satellite technology is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Theory of Relativity, in both the Special and General cases, possesses profound inferences concerning the nature of time as a physical component of universal structure, and not as either an abstract concept or a universal entropic progression as is commonly perceived. While the time-slowing observations of what is known as Relativistic "time dilation" are well documented, the temporal interpretations of such dilation effects were critically affected by a Newtonian view of universally invariant time. Consequently, the most sophisticated interpretations of time dilation were parasitically molded by archaic views of physical time and have remained essentially unchallenged for a century, inhibiting any attempts to functionally integrate the observations of Relativity with Newtonian Mechanics. By freeing relativistic observations from the limited paradigm of Newtonian temporal concepts, an alternative, robust interpretation of Special Relativity, one acting in concert with the actions of bodies as described by Newtonian Mechanics, is produced and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalized Doppler shift for light is derived by considering both velocity and acceleration, and is used to calculate time dilation ratio. A circular mirror used to measure time is transformed to the elliptical mirror in a reference frame when it is in motion. The special relativistic Doppler shift is calculated in any propagation direction of light for a constant velocity of motion. Furthermore, the generalized Doppler shift is derived by considering both the velocity and the acceleration effect. The ratio of the frequency shifts are shown as a function of velocity, acceleration, and detection angle. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Physics Essays is the property of Physics Essays Publication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Captain Einstein is a virtual reality (VR) movie that takes you on a boat trip in a world with a slow speed of light. This allows for a direct experience of the theory of special relativity, much in the same spirit as in the Mr. Tompkins adventure by George Gamow (1939). In this paper, we go through the different relativistic effects (e.g., length contraction, time dilation, Doppler shift, light aberration) that show up during the boat trip, and we explain how these effects were implemented in the 360 ° video production process. We also provide exercise questions that can be used-in combination with the VR movie-to gain insight and sharpen the intuition on the basic concepts of special relativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of special and general relativity causes a "schizophrenic" dilemma in physics. It undeniably provides mathematically correct values, but it is undeniably epistemologically wrong in many respects. Including the relativistic explanation of the gravitational "time dilation" and the curvature of light beams at the surfaces of large masses, the author demonstrates the illogical character of relativistic physics. When one thinks the relativistic explanations of gravitational time dilatation and of the curvature of light rays by masses through to the end, they lead to absurd and contradictory logical conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physics Essays is the property of Physics Essays Publication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The frequency measurement of Doppler-shifted optical lines of ions circulating in a storage ring at high speed permits a sensitive test of the relativistic Doppler-formula and, hence, the time dilation factor γSR of special relativity. Previous measurements at the storage ring TSR with 7Li+ at v=0.065c gave a new, improved limit, but were hampered by the large observed linewidth, exceeding the natural width 15-fold. Recently we have identified the broadening to be caused by velocity-changing processes in the storage ring. Saturation spectroscopy has proven to be largely immune against these effects and has yielded linewidths only a few MHz larger than the natural one. This is the major ingredient for an improved test of γSR, which is now under way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on relativistic addition of parallel velocities. It states that there are several publications, on different derivations of the formula for the relativistic addition of parallel velocities that do not require the use of Lorentz transformation. It stresses that these derivations has gained favorable response, especially for a first course in special relativity, for the fact that time dilation and Lorentz transformation are complicated to use. The article cites a derivation of the relativistic velocity addition formula which is based on Lorentz contraction and time dilation. It claims that this derivation is simpler because time dilation are scaled down into two, "rod enters the detector" and "rod leaves the detector."

In this article, we want to analyze a relativistic paradox in a very simple way, which, in our opinion, could be useful for a pedagogical purpose. Indeed we want to solve it using only Einstein's relativity principle and the Einstein equivalence principle. We think it could be useful from a pedagogical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is shown that the well-known Lorentz formula for time dilation can be derived from a distance–time graph plotted for a spaceship communicating with Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First, the traditional debates on time: In 1927, J. M. E. McTaggart notably defended a "static time" interpretation of SR by pointing to what he considered as a fundamental paradox in any flowing time rendition: Past, present and future are incompatible determinations. Prof. Saulson begins with the fact that the light cone in SR that accompanies an event P in spacetime divides the world into the causal future, the causal past, and the acausal elsewhere. A FLOWING TIME INTERPRETATION OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY VIA AN INHOMOGENEOUS TENSE-AS-RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY: A COMMENT ON SAULSON. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Physics Essays is the property of Physics Essays Publication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Our understanding of the universe has changed widely since Einstein's explanation of time as an axis. In this paper, we aim to study the effect of traveling at speeds beyond the limit assigned by Einstein in his theory of relativity. Using his very equations for time dilation, we will show that it is not only possible to break down the barriers of time, but also to predict with certainty about the effects that a body will undergo if it travels beyond the limit of the speed of light. This article deals with the mathematical proof of time travelling and the derivation of a general formula that is applicable for all speeds greater than, the speed of light. The extent of time dilation will also be under discussion. This article concludes the variation in the dilation of time with concluding help of exemplary questions and the extended articles used in the relativity equations. The methods and the conclusion of our paper conclude the result in favor of relative extension of time. Objectives: To study the influence of different speeds greater than light on the rest or proper time using Einstein's equation of time dilation from the special theory of relativity. To study the relativity equation related to the dilation of time. The possibilities of the time dilation regarding the various masses in case of exceeding the speed of light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In special relativity, a pair of clocks synchronized in their own reference frame are not synchronized in another. How do two clocks, initially synchronized and at rest in the laboratory frame, fall out of sync as their speed relative to the lab gradually increases? The answer lies in general-relativistic time dilation. The path to the answer sheds light on the thread-between-spaceships paradox (also called the Bell spaceship paradox), on the twin paradox, and on the character of length contraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shows that the field treatment of gravitational fields allows the discovery of a new fundamental feature of gravitation, namely, the origination of effective repulsive forces caused by the time dilation of physical processes in strong gravitational fields. Absence of such forces in general relativity; Observation that the relativistic theory of gravitation exhibits a peculiar mechanism of gravitational self-regulation.

In the interwar period there was a significant school of thought that repudiated Einstein's theory of relativity on the grounds that it contained elementary inconsistencies. Some of these critics held extreme right-wing and anti-Semitic views, and this has tended to discredit their technical objections to relativity as being scientifically shallow. This paper investigates an alternative possibility: that the critics were right and that the success of Einstein's theory in overcoming them was due to its strengths as an ideology rather than as a science. The clock paradox illustrates how relativity theory does indeed contain inconsistencies that make it scientifically problematic. These same inconsistencies, however, make the theory ideologically powerful. The implications of this argument are examined with respect to Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper's accounts of the philosophy of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Real Time Relativity" is a computer program that lets users move at relativistic speeds through a simulated world populated with planets, clocks, and buildings. The counterintuitive and spectacular optical effects of relativity are prominent, while systematic exploration of the simulation allows the user to discover relativistic effects such as length contraction and the relativity of simultaneity. We report on the physics and technology underpinning the simulation, and our experience using it for teaching special relativity to first year students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several paradoxical aspects of the twin problem of special relativity theory are reviewed, with the conclusion that none has been permanently resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gedanken experiment of the clock paradox is solved exactly using the general relativistic equations for a static homogeneous gravitational field. We demonstrate that the general and special relativistic clock paradox solutions are identical and in particular that they are identical for finite acceleration. Practical expressions are obtained for proper time and coordinate time by using the destination distance as the key observable parameter. This solution provides a formal demonstration of the identity between the special and general relativistic clock paradox with finite acceleration and where proper time is assumed to be the same in both formalisms. By solving the equations of motion for a freely falling clock in a static homogeneous field elapsed times are calculated for realistic journeys to the stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both quantum mechanics and general relativity are based on principles that defy our daily intuitions, such as time dilation, quantum interference and entanglement. Because the regimes where the two theories are typically tested are widely separated, their foundational principles are rarely jointly studied. Recent works have found that novel phenomena appear for quantum particles with an internal structure in the presence of time dilation, which can take place at low energies and in weak gravitational fields. Here we briefly review the effects of time dilation on quantum interference and generalize the results to a variety of systems. In addition, we provide an extended study of the basic principles of quantum theory and relativity that are of relevance for the effects and also address several questions that have been raised, such as the description in different reference frames, the role of the equivalence principle and the effective irreversibility of the decoherence. The manuscript clarifies some of the counterintuitive aspects arising when quantum phenomena and general relativistic effects are jointly considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of the FMEL, a floor-mirrored Einstein-Langevin 'light clock', is introduced. The clock provides a physically intuitive manner to calculate and visualize the time dilation effects for a spatially extended set of observers (an accelerated 'frame') undergoing unidirectional acceleration or observers on a rotating cylinder of constant radius. In both cases, the rate of the clock agrees with the 'clock hypothesis' and approximates an 'ideal' clock. Inertial and accelerated observers will agree on the length of standard metre sticks that are parallel to the primary mirrors of the clock and they will agree on the simultaneity of events that occur along that line. It is found that the path of the light in this clock is not a least-time path between the mirrors, but it is the least-time path for the motion of objects restricted to the accelerated frame. It is possible to send signals between observers in the accelerated frame at speeds greater than the speed of light in their frame, but this does not imply a violation of causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional methods, Lorentz transformation equations are derived by considering the motion of light wave front perceived by two observers, one stationary and other one moving. But, as per the new theory of reaction-at-a-distance proposed in our recent paper [B. Dikshit, Phys. Essays 24, 4 (2011)] that establishes a unified picture explaining the two surprising characteristics of light, viz., invariance of speed and wave-particle duality, propagation of light in intermediate space between the source and detector is ruled out. So, there is a need to rederive the Lorentz transformation equations using this theory of reaction-at-a-distance without considering the motion of light wave front in space in any step of the derivations. Using this basic Lorentz transformation, all other conventional relations, viz., length contraction, time dilation, etc., can be proved. A notable advantage of this approach is that it is valid for all types of interactions (electromagnetic and gravitational) between the observer and the body being observed. Dans les méthodes conventionnelles, les équations de transformation de Lorentz sont calculées en considérant le mouvement du front d'onde lumineux perçue par deux observateurs, un stationnaire et l'autre en mouvement. Mais, selon la nouvelle théorie de la réaction-à-distance proposée dans notre récent article [B. Dikshit, Phys. Essays 24, 4 (2011)] qui établit une image unifiée expliquant les deux caractéristiques surprenantes de la lumière, c'est-à-dire l'invariance de la vitesse et la dualité onde-particule, la propagation de la lumière dans l'espace intermédiaire entre la source et le détecteur est exclue. Donc, il ya un besoin de re-dériver les équations de transformation de Lorentz en utilisant cette théorie de la réaction au-distance sans considérer le mouvement du front d'onde de lumière dans l'espace à n'importe quel stade des dérivations. En utilisant cette transformation fondamentale de Lorentz, tous les autres, à savoir: les relations conventionnelles, contraction des longueurs, dilatation du temps, etc. peut être prouvées. Un avantage remarquable de cette approche est qu'elle est valable pour tous les types d'interactions (électromagnétique et gravitationnel) entre l'observateur et le corps observé. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated motion is considered as a successive presence of an observer in accompanying inertial reference frames (AIRF) with jumps between them. A formula comprising two terms has already been derived to explain the twin paradox. The first term of this formula describes the time dilation in the reference frame associated with the twin at rest, while the moving twin is in the chosen AIRF. The second term describes a jump of readings of the clock of the twin at rest observed by the accelerated twin who jumps in the next AIRF. In the present study, this formula is used to derive the relative velocity and the distance passed by the accelerated twin by the scale associated with the twin at rest from a noninertial reference frame (NRF). Uniformly accelerated motion followed by uniformly decelerated motion to the stop in the initial inertial reference frame is examined. Readings of any clocks at rest, including clocks of the twin at rest, are derived from the NRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I Voyagers i , Neil Burger, AGC Studios/Fibonacci Films/Ingenious Media/Thunder Road Films, 2021 How do you train a crew to travel to another solar system if most of them won't be alive at the end of the 86-year-long trip? Those are among the sentiments conveyed in I Words of Women in Mathematics in the Time of Corona i by German documentary filmmaker Irina Linke. The book was inspired by Tanya's reading of Einstein's famous 1905 paper on special relativity, "On the electrodynamics of moving bodies", which prompted her to envision two trains moving in opposite directions. [Extracted from the article]

The change of information near light speed, advances in high-speed trading, spatial arbitrage strategies and foreseen space exploration, suggest the need to consider the effects of the theory of relativity in finance models. Time and space, under certain circumstances, are not dissociated and can no longer be interpreted as Euclidean. This paper provides an overview of the research made in this field while formally defining the key notions of spacetime, proper time and an understanding of how time dilation impacts financial models. We illustrate how special relativity modifies option pricing and hedging, under the Black–Scholes model, when market participants are in two different reference frames. In particular, we look into maturity and volatility relativistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show how students can be led to an understanding of the connection between special relativity and general relativity by considering the time dilation effect of clocks placed on the surface of the Earth. This paper is written as a Socratic dialog between a lecturer and a student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate in detail an apparently unnoticed consequence of special relativity. It consists in time dilation/contraction and frequency shift for emitted light affecting accelerated reference frames at astronomical distances from an inertial observer. The frequency shift is non-cosmological and non-Doppler in nature. We derive the main formulae and compare their predictions with the astronomical data available for Proxima Centauri. We found no correspondence with observations. Since the implications of the new time dilation/contraction and frequency shift are blatantly paradoxical, we do not expect to find one. By all indications, we are dealing with a genuine, and not a merely apparent, relativity paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conserved currents related to conformal Killing vectors are analyzed. By considering the dilation generator of Minkowski space-time, with the assumption that fields are static, arrived at is what is often known as the relativistic virial theorem. The application of this result to force-free electromagnetic fields is discussed, and the result is shown how it can rule out particlelike solutions to certain field theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present two different paradoxes related to the length contraction in special relativity and explain their resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selleri's arguments that a consideration of noninertial reference frames in the framework of special relativity identify “absolute simultaneity” as being “Nature's choice of synchronization” are considered. In the case of rectilinearly accelerating rockets, it is argued by considering two rockets which maintain a fixed proper separation rather than a fixed separation relative to the inertial frame in which they start from rest, that what seems the most “natural” choice for a simultaneity convention is problem-dependent and that Einstein's definition is the most “natural” (though still conventional) choice in this case. In addition, the supposed problems special relativity has with treating a rotating disk, namely how a pulse of light traveling around the circumference of the disk can have a local speed of light equal to c everywhere but a global speed not equal to c, and how coordinate transformations to the disk can give the Lorentz transformations in the limit of large disk radius but small angular velocity, are addressed. It is shown that the theory of Fermi frames solves both of these problems. It is also argued that the question of defining simultaneity relative to a uniformly rotating disk does not need to be resolved in order to resolve Ehrenfest's paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]