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Green finance is crucial to the achievement of China's dual-carbon goals and its sustainable economic development. Based on the data from 2011 to 2020, This paper employs a double-difference method to examine two effects of green finance on economic growth, namely, its growth and crowding-out effect. The empirical results show that, in general, green finance improves the level of economic growth and doesn't impede the entry of new enterprises, while crowding out the contribution of heavy polluting industries to the economy. Green financial policies effect economic performance mainly through resource allocation and technological innovation. Specially, in comparison to the central and western regions, green finance exerts a more pronounced influence in the eastern region, potentially attributable to disparities in regional development levels, financial system efficiency, and degrees of marketization. In addition, both growth and crowding-out effect are more significant in resource-dependent cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing factor allocation structure and improving total factor efficiency is crucial for narrowing regional development disparities and promoting high-quality economic development. Therefore, this paper considers the multiple demands of high-quality economic development and incorporates the dual constraints of input structure optimization and non-decreasing environmental welfare into the research framework of total factor structure efficiency (TFSE). It establishes a progressive research path from total factor efficiencies to TFSE, conducts a dynamic measurement from total factor efficiencies to TFSE, and investigates their spatio-temporal evolution. The main conclusions are: China's TFSE exhibits a stable fluctuating trend with a decreasing regional distribution from the Southeast to the Northwest under the 'Hu Huanyong Line'. The total factor efficiencies exhibit a decreasing trend of 'clean energy – capital – environmental construction – labour - non-clean energy'. Significant spatial correlation effects exist for TFSE and total factor efficiencies in China, with a slight decline over time. TFSE exhibits significant conditional convergence, with a convergence speed of 2.03%. The convergence speeds of total factor efficiencies decrease in the following order: 'non-clean energy – environmental construction – labour - capital – clean energy'. Moreover, regional TFSE and total factor efficiencies exhibit club convergence with positive spatial spillover effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of local government in regional development planning is an essential topic in the context of sustainable local development. This study aimed to analyze the role of local governments in regional development planning and their impact on the effectiveness and sustainability of development at the local level. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis related to regional development policies and regulations. This research was conducted in several districts/cities in certain regions, considering diverse geographical, social, and economic contexts. The results showed that the role of local governments in regional development planning is vital in coordinating various interests, resources, and related actors. Local governments act as regulators, facilitators, and implementers in determining the direction, policies, and allocation of development resources. In addition, community and private-sector involvement is also recognized as an integral part of democratic and inclusive planning processes. The impact of the role of local governments in regional development planning can be seen in increasing the effectiveness of development programs, increasing community participation, reducing regional disparities, and improving the community's quality of life. Nevertheless, challenges such as corruption, lack of interagency coordination, and political uncertainty remain obstacles that must be overcome. This study concludes that the role of local governments in regional development planning is a critical factor in achieving sustainable regional development. Therefore, measures are needed to strengthen institutional capacity, increase transparency, and strengthen public participation to ensure sustainable and inclusive development planning at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For coordinated regional growth and the development of high-quality manufacturing, China must narrow its regional energy efficiency gap and catch up inter-regionally. This paper focuses on whether China's inter-provincial manufacturing energy efficiency has technological diffusion and a catch-up effect and explores its possible influencing factors, which are important for narrowing the differences in China's manufacturing energy efficiency and promoting the improvement of the overall level of efficiency. Between 2011 and 2020, 30 Chinese manufacturing industries will be evaluated using a non-radial distance function model under environmental conditions. By employing the Dagum Gini coefficient method, regional disparities were analyzed, with hyper-variable density and efficiency discrepancies between regions making a noteworthy contribution. This paper evaluated a catch-up effect by constructing a frontier productivity model that considered the influence of China's manufacturing energy efficiency. Results show a general rise in energy efficiency, particularly in coastal regions, higher than inland ones. The Gini coefficient of energy efficiency in manufacturing experienced a slight increase; however, when comparing it to the regional efficiency frontier, the catch-up effect and technology diffusion effect of China's provincial manufacturing energy efficiency become more pronounced when taking into account the national efficiency frontier; the sub-regional manufacturing energy efficiency catch-up effect has different performances; the catch-up and technology diffusion effect is more evident after controlling for Economic development, innovation levels, the environmental regulation, and the proportion of high-energy-consumption output value and other influencing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use imbalances are a critical driving factor contributing to regional disparities in carbon storage (CS). As a significant component of China's Yangtze River Economic Belt, Hunan Province has undergone substantial shifts in land use types, resulting in an uneven distribution of ecosystem CS and sequestration capacity. Therefore, within the framework of the "dual carbon" strategy, examining the effects of land use changes driven by regional resource imbalances on CS holds practical importance for advancing regional sustainable development. This study focuses on Hunan Province, utilizing the PLUS-InVEST model to assess the spatiotemporal evolution of CS under land use changes from 1990 to 2020. Additionally, multiple scenario-based development modes were employed to predict county-level CS. The results indicate the following: (1) From 1990 to 2020, Hunan Province experienced continuous urban expansion, with forest land and cultivated land, which are core ecological land types, being converted into construction land. (2) Over these 30 years, the province's total CS increased by 2.47 × 108 t, with significant spatial differentiation. High-value zones were concentrated in bands along the province's borders, while lower values were observed in the central and northern regions. The highest CS values were recorded in forested areas at the province's periphery, whereas the lowest values were observed in the northern water bodies. (3) The scenario-based predictions revealed notable differences, with the ecological protection scenario demonstrating a substantial carbon sink effect. By prioritizing forest and cultivated land, CS could be maximized. This research provides valuable insights for enhancing CS and optimizing land use structures in regions facing resource imbalances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accompanying the ongoing progression of urbanization, the issue of imbalanced regional land development has become increasingly severe in China. Understanding the current status and changing trends of land development intensity (LDI) is crucial for optimizing the regional land development landscape. In light of this study proposed an new analytical framework of "evaluation‐process‐mechanism‐prediction" to investigate land development intensity in China. Building upon LDI the assessment, this study analyzed spatiotemporal evolution patterns. Subsequently, The Geodetector model was used to explore the factors influencing LDI from four perspectives: policy, society, economy, and nature. Finally, the SSA‐LSTM model was employed to predict the LDI in 2026. The results revealed the following: (1) From 2006 to 2021, the average LDI in China exhibited a continuous upward trend, showcasing diverse development characteristics. Regional disparities were prominent, presenting an overall upward trend from east to west and from south to north. (2) Factors influencing LDI have gradually shifted from being primarily driven by social factors, while also considering natural and policy factors, to being primarily driven by economic factors, while also considering social factors. (3) Based on the forecast, the average LDI is projected to increase and maintain an upward trend. However, the range will reach 6.22, indicating an increasingly pronounced "insufficient and imbalanced" trend among provinces and municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of pension resource allocation across various provinces in China and to explore the spatial adaptability relationship and influencing factors between pension resource allocation and new urbanization development, providing recommendations for their balanced development. Methods An evaluation index system for pension resource allocation and new urbanization development levels in China was established. The coupling coordination model and Tobit model were employed to analyze the spatial adaptability and influencing factors of pension resources and new urbanization development. Results Between 2012 and 2021, there was a significant improvement in the levels of pension resource allocation and urbanization across 31 provinces in China; however, both exhibited notable regional disparities. The spatial adaptability between pension resource allocation and new urbanization levels required enhancement, with evident regional differences. Technological promotion and government guidance significantly impacted the spatial adaptability of pension resource allocation and new urbanization. Conclusion Macro-control should leverage government policy guidance and financial support. Technological development should facilitate the efficient utilization and effective scheduling of resources, and regional radiative effects should be harnessed to ensure unobstructed resource circulation channels and coordinated regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing "resource curse" phenomena relating to energy resources in China, research concerning energy substitution policies has become more meaningful. In this paper, a dynamic CGE model was built to evaluate the impacts of energy substitution policies on regional growth and the "resource curse". The results show the following: (1) Compared to other regions, an energy substitution policy exerts a more considerable influence on economic growth in regions with high "resource curse". (2) The changes in carbon emissions in regions with no or low "resource curse" are modest. The primary factor contributing to the rapid decline might be energy structure adjustments. As the intensity of substitution varies, the regional disparities in marginal emission reduction costs are expected to increase. (3) Energy substitution policies reduce the severity of high "resource curse" regions. As the intensity of energy substitution increases, the extent of "resource curse" regions decreases accordingly. Some suggestions are given as follows: (1) Further promote energy substitution and speed up the transformation of energy production and consumption modes in China. (2) Accelerate the energy transformation in "resource curse" regions to promote regional sustainable development. (3) Improve energy substitution policies in transportation, industry and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the global economy, society, and environment are undergoing profound changes and the realization of sustainable development has become the common aspiration of the international community, ecological civilization construction has become an increasingly important issue for China to formulate its long-term development strategies and promote modernization. This study analyzes the characterization of 655 established pilot zones of ecological civilization construction and 'clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as mountains of gold and silver' innovative practices from 2017 to 2022. The spatial distribution of ecological civilization areas in China follows a pattern where more regions are in the southeast than in the northwest (Hu Line). The focus of China's comprehensive ecological civilization construction has been towards the southwest in the first year and has subsequently shifted towards the northwest. The overall Gini coefficient decreased from 0.494 to 0.299, and regional ecological civilization disparities gradually narrowed. Currently, regional construction disparities between the eastern and western regions are a major obstacle to balanced development; therefore, promoting coordinated regional development is necessary. Various factors affecting the pattern of ecological civilization construction, including natural resources, economic development, social progress, policies, and culture, were identified. The availability of natural resources and economic development cause regional differences in construction levels. This research will help promote the coordinated development of Chinese ecological civilization, while the development experiences of different regions can also provide guidance for sustainable development in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EURE is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Uneven regional development has long been a focal issue for both academia and policymakers, with numerous studies over the past decades actively engaging in discussions on measuring regional development disparities. Generally, most existing studies measure the Human Development Index (HDI) using relatively simple indicators, with a focus on national and provincial scales. As a crucial component of regional development, counties can directly reflect the regional characteristics of socio-economic progress. This study employs a multi-dimensional approach to develop an improved Human Development Index (improved HDI) system, using machine learning techniques to establish the relationship between nighttime light (NTL) data and the improved HDI. Subsequently, NTL data are utilized to infer the spatial distribution characteristics of the improved HDI across China's county-level regions. The improved HDI for county-level areas in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was validated using a machine learning model, resulting in a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.93. The adjusted R-squared value for the linear fit was 0.86, and the residuals were relatively balanced, ensuring the accuracy of the simulations. This study reveals that 1439 county-level units, representing 50% of all county-level units in China, have development levels at or above the medium level. At the provincial and national levels, the improved HDI shows significant clustering, characterized by a multi-center pattern with declining diffusion. The spatial distribution of the improved Human Development Index remains closely associated with the natural geographic background and socio-economic development levels of the county regions. Lower HDI values are predominantly found in the inland areas of central and western China, often in ecologically sensitive areas, inter-provincial border zones, and mountainous regions of mainland China, sometimes forming contiguous distribution patterns. This underscores the need for the government and society to focus more on these specific geographic development areas, promoting continuous improvements in health, education, and living standards to achieve coordinated regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the evolution of land use change and its drivers is vital in keeping the fragile balance between human activities and nature. The present study employs remote sensing data from between 1990 and 2020 during the Grain-for-Green Project (GGP) in Luochuan county, Shaanxi Province, which offers 30 years of continuous data on precipitation, temperature, population, and GDP. Here, the combined method of supervised classification with manual visual interpretation was adopted for building a high-precision spatial distribution information database, in order to explore the links existing between the change features of land use, distribution, and spatial pattern, and the interference of local socio-economic development and natural factors before and after the GGP. According to the results, during the past three decades, Luochuan county has undergone large changes in land use types, displaying distinct features and regional disparities. Geographically, the north of Luochuan county is predominantly forest and grassland, while farmland is mostly in the south of Luochuan county. In 1990, farmland dominated this county; however, after 2000, forest and grassland areas expanded. Notably, the implementation of the GGP significantly influenced changes in grassland and forest areas. With the development of modernization, Luochuan county's land use structure has gradually equilibrated, with increased uniformity in the distribution of various land use types. Obviously, the shift in land use from 1990 to 2020 primarily correlates with mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, total population, and GDP. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that during the initial decade of the GGP, natural factors primarily drove land use changes. However, after the GGP, the conversion rate from farmland to forest and shrubland/grassland escalated, and population growth was the continual external force driving the expansion of forest and grassland. Despite substantial economic benefits from land development and utilization in Luochuan county during the past 30 years, certain human economic activities have posed significant pressure on regional agricultural development and sustainable land resource use. Overall, this study helps our government to enhance national land management and planning through a targeted method, also providing a reference for analyzing land use change processes within same areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assess the macroeconomic impact of the European Union Cohesion Policy investments deployed during the 2014–20 programming period, with a particular focus on territorial cohesion and regional disparities. We use a spatial dynamic general equilibrium (RHOMOLO) to quantify the direct and indirect effects of the policy investments in the NUTS-2 regions of the European Union within a 20-year time frame. The results suggest that the impact of the policy is sizeable, especially in the less developed regions of the European Union. Accordingly, socio-economic disparities at the regional level are shown to decrease thanks to the policy intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discourse on the ascendancy of city‐regions as a geopolitical framework predominately derives from neoliberal experiences, articulating the interplay between the politics of city‐regional distribution and the evolving role of the state in distribution governance, alongside the challenges related to post‐suburban development. Given the diverse political and economic frameworks across the state, exploring the geopolitics of city‐regional distribution beyond overwhelmed neoliberal assumptions is imperative. This study aims to explicate alternative geopolitics of distribution within China's recent city‐region‐building. Through studying the negotiation and development of two Enclave Industrial Parks (EIPs) in the Pearl River Delta, Southern China, we recontextualise the centrally orchestrated city‐regional distribution within the authoritarian framework of the developmental party‐state. We propose a conceptual framework delineating the transitional rationality of the multi‐scalar state, illustrating the political and territorial negotiation of distribution within a hierarchical resource arrangement. We argue that authoritarian distribution schemes, while manipulating the market regime, do not inherently impede the local distribution. Nonetheless, political and territorial mandates on city‐region‐building, which arbitrarily redefine the opportunities of local communities, perpetuate an authoritarian and contested nature of distribution, ultimately contributing to widening regional development disparities in contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uneven regional development fomented by city-centric growth agendas generates significant challenges for regional peripheries. Placing regional margins and other plural geographies at the centre, in this article we apply a normative framework based on justice theory to uncover the dominance of urban viewpoints in urban regional development policy. Departing from Nancy Fraser's three-dimensional justice theory, we provide a deconstruction of city-centrism by illustrating how regional disparities in two regions in Sweden are not only reproduced by economic maldistribution but also by political misrepresentation and cultural misrecognition. By doing so, we illustrate the fruitfulness of applying a normative justice framework to create a broader understanding of factors that contribute to the political production of uneven regional development and need to be addressed if a transformative and progressive change is to occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land disputes have significantly disrupted legal order, production, and social harmony, and has been regarded as a quintessential challenge in public governance, attracting worldwide attentions from scholars. As an emblematic feature of China's latest reform and opening-up strategy, the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China has experienced rapid development after entering the new era (2012–2021) alongside substantial risks and challenges, particularly regarding land disputes. Better understanding of the manifestation and formation mechanism of new characteristics of land disputes is beneficial for contemporary public governance and for achieving a high-quality development of the YREB, whose Gross Domestic Product (GDP) accounted for 46.3% of the national GDP in 2023. A total of 325,105 land dispute cases in 11 provinces or municipalities of the YREB from 2012 to 2021 were collected and analyzed. On this basis, an evaluation index system of the new characteristics of land disputes, named the overall land dispute (OLD) index, was constructed according to measurement theory by coupling the interactions of quantity, claim amounts, duration periods, and the appeal rate of land dispute. Then, the OLD index was evaluated by descriptive statistical methods, a geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis, a center of gravity model, kernel density estimation, and Theil index methods, to reveal the new characteristics and formation mechanisms of land disputes in the YREB from 2012 to 2021. The results indicated that: (1) The OLD index exhibited a trend of an initial increase followed by a decline, indicating that land disputes in the YREB showed signs of alleviation. (2) The government's capacity for resolving land disputes was significantly improved, as evidenced by the decline in the OLD index from 0.59 in 2018 to 0.51 in 2021. This improvement could be attributed to the effectiveness of enhanced governmental working mechanisms, regulatory standards, and the integration of digital technologies. (3) The analysis of the center of gravity model indicated that the focus of land disputes shifted westward, propelled by national policy support for upstream regions of the YREB and the need for land ecological protection. (4) The analysis of kernel density estimation indicated that regional disparities in land disputes within the YREB had declined, driven by a positive trend toward balanced regional development and rural governance. This study provides scientific insights into the new characteristics of land disputes in the YREB and guidance for policy decision making on effective land dispute management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deep integration of higher education with digital technology represents an inevitable trend, and evaluating the interplay between higher education resources (HER) and digital infrastructure construction (DIC) holds significant value for advancing the development of digital higher education and mitigating regional disparities in China. This study establishes two comprehensive evaluation frameworks for HER and DIC. Panel data from 31 provinces, spanning the period from 2011 to 2020, are utilized for analysis. The coupling coordination degree (CCD) model is employed in this work to evaluate the synergy between HER and DIC in China. Furthermore, we analyze the regional differences, spatial distribution, and trend evolution of this synergy. The study results revealed that there is an initial decrease followed by an increase in the synergy between HER and DIC, and the overall CCD is at a moderate coordination, with the mean CCD of the eastern region being significantly higher than that of the other three regions, and the inter-regional difference is the main source of regional disparity in this synergy. The current state of synergistic development reveals a slight inclination towards multi-polarization, although the disparity in regional development was decreasing. Additionally, there is an observed convergence in the coordinated development of HER and DIC, with spatial factors playing a significant role. These findings offer empirical support for efforts to enhance the integration of HER and DIC, reduce regional disparities in higher education, and foster sustainable development in China's higher education sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new engine of economic growth, marine economy has gradually attracted the high attention of countries around the world. At the same time, digital technology is becoming a crucial propeller to empower almost all perspectives of economic sustainable development. This research delineates the exploration of the distinctive regional attributes pertinent to the sustainable development of the marine economy and its interrelation with digital technology in China. Utilizing data spanning from 2013 to 2021 across China's eleven coastal areas, this paper adopts the entropy method to develop comprehensive index systems of both marine economy sustainable development and digital technology to evaluate regional their spatiotemporal characteristics, interrelations, and potential mechanisms based on the panel fixed effects model and Dagum Gini coefficient. The results show that both the level of digital technology and green development in marine economy exhibit a steady upward trend with significant regional differences and hierarchical phenomenon. Notably, regional development disparities within the tripartite major marine economic zones are discernible, with intra- and inter-regional variances being markedly pronounced. Further analysis affirm a substantial linkage between digital technology and the sustainable development of the marine economy, positing technological innovation as a plausible conduit. Our findings advocate for the augmentation of digital technology application through technological innovation, as a strategy to foster the sustainable development of the marine economy while ensuring regional equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review synthesizes the evidence from eleven key studies to assess the impact of European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIFs) on regional development across the European Union (EU), focusing on fund efficiency, regional disparities and convergence, governance quality, economic freedom, and fund management. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases to identify the relevant literature published up to 2023. Eleven studies were selected based on the date published and their focus on ESIFs' role in regional development, employing a range of methodological approaches including Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), spatial econometrics, and multivariate analyses. The thematic analysis identified four main categories: Methodological Approaches in Evaluating Fund Efficiency, Regional Disparities and Convergence, The Interconnection between Governance Quality, Economic Freedom, and the Efficiency of Structural Fund Management, and The Absorption Capacity and Fund Management. The review highlights the importance of sophisticated analytical tools in evaluating fund efficiency, with DEA and spatial econometrics providing critical insights into fund management efficiency. Studies underscored the nuanced efficacy of ESIFs in reducing regional disparities, albeit pointing to the need for more targeted fund allocation. Governance quality and economic freedom emerged as pivotal factors enhancing fund management efficiency, suggesting the potential of governance reforms in optimizing ESIF allocation and utilization. Challenges related to fund absorption and management were illuminated, advocating for enhanced institutional management capabilities and the development of innovative performance indicators. The findings of this scoping review contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding ESIFs' impact on regional development within the EU. They underscore the critical importance of governance quality, economic freedom, methodological rigor, and strategic fund allocation in enhancing the effectiveness of ESIFs. The review calls for tailored policy interventions and the integration of national and European funding strategies to maximize the impact of these programs on regional development and SME support. Future research should continue to refine these methodological approaches and explore the causal effects of funding, to enhance our understanding of ESIFs' efficiency in promoting regional development and convergence within the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the intrinsic nature and formation mechanisms of the territorial spatial development non-equilibrium, optimizing the allocation of territorial resources, promoting regional balanced development, and alleviating regional development disparities have become common endeavors of all countries seeking to enhance development quality. This study, based on the land use and socio-economic data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2020, utilized the kernel density estimation method and ArcGIS spatial analysis to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of China's territorial spatial development non-equilibrium. The research findings are as follows: (1) From 2006 to 2020, both the land development intensity and land supply capacity showed an increasing trend, with increases of 21.4% and 8.03%, respectively. However, their spatiotemporal evolutions significantly differed. (2) The state of the territorial spatial development non-equilibrium in China significantly improved, with a rising trend in the territorial spatial equilibrium degree. Regional disparities in the territorial spatial equilibrium degree decreased. The number of provinces and cities in a state of underdevelopment decreased from 23 to 8, while the number in an equilibrium state increased from 7 to 21. The central and western regions showed more significant improvements in the territorial spatial equilibrium degree and a greater reduction in regional disparity when compared to the eastern and northeastern regions. (3) China exhibited distinct regional disparities in the territorial spatial equilibrium degree. The overdeveloped areas were Beijing and Shanghai. The underdeveloped regions were primarily concentrated in western areas, including Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. The high-level equilibrium regions were predominantly located in the southeastern coastal provinces and the central plains region, while the low-level equilibrium regions included Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, and the three northeastern provinces. (4) From the perspective of the number of agglomeration types, the order is HH (high–high) > LH (low–high) > LL (low–low) > HL (high–low), and China's TSED exhibits a spatial proximity peer effect. The innovation of this study consists of the following aspects: (1) The clarification of the fact that the essence of equilibrium does not require an exact 1:1 match, as with "two horses"; rather, it entails the maintenance of a slight surplus of land supply capacity over land development intensity. This approach allows the possibility of future sustainable development by leaving room for expansion. (2) The differentiation between high-intensity conjugation (in terms of both quantity and quality) and low-intensity conjugation (quantity only) from a conjugate perspective. This categorization aids in a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the territorial spatial development non-equilibrium and its spatiotemporal patterns. It provides crucial information for the formulation of sustainable national territorial development plans and the promotion of a regional development equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human resources play a very significant role in the socio-economic and regional development of any region or country. Human resource development is the process of improving people's knowledge, skills, and abilities. It represents the quality and quantity of humans who can use their skills to create more resources for mankind and remove regional imbalances. Regional imbalance is one of the major problems of the country which creates many socio-economic and political problems. The government of India has launched many socio-economic developmental programs to reduce the regional development disparities and speed up the development process but its impact could not be effective in the whole part of the country due to its physio-climatic, socio-economic, infrastructural, and political conditions. Mirzapur is one of the problematic backward districts of Uttar Pradesh that has been facing the Naxal movement for a long time due to poverty, unemployment, lack of education, awareness, and government policies. Therefore, to prevent Naxalism there is a need to increase infrastructural facilities like health, education, electricity, banking, finance, industries, etc. It is a very important factor that helps in the growth of regional development. This present paper is an attempt to analyze the spatial variation of regional development through human resource development at the block level of the Mirzapur [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the intricate relationship between infrastructure development and regional disparities. Recognizing the pivotal role of infrastructure in catalyzing economic growth, this study investigates how uneven distribution and accessibility to infrastructure can exacerbate existing regional inequalities. Through an exploration of challenges and opportunities, the paper underscores the need for strategic planning and inclusive policies to ensure equitable infrastructure development. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas, fostering a more balanced and sustainable trajectory of development. As nations globally prioritize infrastructure investments, understanding and addressing regional disparities become imperative for fostering inclusive and resilient societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional population mortality correlates with regional socioeconomic development. This study aimed to identify the key socioeconomic factors influencing mortality patterns in Chinese provinces. Using data from the Seventh Population Census, we analyzed mortality patterns by gender and urban‒rural division in 31 provinces. Using a functional regression model, we assessed the influence of fourteen indicators on mortality patterns. Main findings: (1) China shows notable gender and urban‒rural mortality variations across age groups. Males generally have higher mortality than females, and rural areas experience elevated mortality rates compared to urban areas. Mortality in individuals younger than 40 years is influenced mainly by urban‒rural factors, with gender becoming more noticeable in the 40–84 age group. (2) The substantial marginal impact of socioeconomic factors on mortality patterns generally becomes evident after the age of 45, with less pronounced differences in their impact on early-life mortality patterns. (3) Various factors have age-specific impacts on mortality. Education has a negative effect on mortality in individuals aged 0–29, extending to those aged 30–59 and diminishing in older age groups. Urbanization positively influences the probability of death in individuals aged 45–54 years, while the impact of traffic accidents increases with age. Among elderly people, the effect of socioeconomic variables is smaller, highlighting the intricate and heterogeneous nature of these influences and acknowledging certain limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in regional economic development disparities, a regional coordinated development strategy is put forward that prioritizes human welfare and holistic social progress over a purely materialistic growth model. To address the challenges of balanced regional development, this paper has developed a multidimensional assessment framework of social development encompassing education, healthcare, culture, and social security. Using the entropy weight TOPSIS method, this study measures the social development level across 296 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 1990 to 2020. It explores the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of China's social development level through the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method and exploratory spatial data analysis. The results indicate that (1) the level of social development in China exhibits a fluctuating upward trend over the time series, showing a phase-wise pattern of decline–rise–rise; (2) there is a clear heterogeneity in the level of social development, with a general hierarchy of Eastern, Northeastern, Western, and Central regions in terms of social development; (3) spatially, China's social development level has evolved from a patchy distribution in 1990 to a clustered distribution around urban agglomerations by 2020, with pronounced characteristics of spatial imbalance; (4) the level of social development in China displays varying degrees of spatial clustering, with this trend intensifying over time; and (5) over the period 1990–2020, the overall disparity in China's social development level presents a fluctuating trend, with a notable reduction after an initial increase, and regional disparities following the order of Central, Western, Eastern, and Northeastern regions. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and scholars seeking to understand and enhance China's social development landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring the spatial differences in regional development was the main objective of this study. To meet this objective, spatial patterns & clusters of variables, viz. nightlight & population density, were identified at the LGA level. Secondly, regression analysis between the same variables was performed to find the spatial differences in the night light. VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) data was chosen as the dependent variable, and UN-Adjusted Population Density data was selected as an explanatory variable. Spatial patterns & clusters were identified using spatial statistics. Global Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear regression was chosen to model nightlight in terms of its relationships to population density. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) regression was used to model spatially varying relationships between the same variables. The results show nightlight (z >97, p <0000) & population density (z >108, p <0000) are highly clustered. The R2 obtained from OLS & GWR are 0.75 & 0.85, respectively. Moreover, model variables & diagnostics results confirm the validity of both models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Scottish Government's latest economic strategy aims for a 'transformation' of the Scottish economy, with higher levels of aggregate economic performance combined with greater equality, reduced poverty and environmental sustainability. In doing so it echoes similar ambitions expressed in Scottish economic development strategies since devolution in 1999. This article provides a contextual analysis of the strategic approaches to economic development pursued by successive administrations and the institutional arrangements to deliver them. In particular, it provides an account of how 'economic development' and its aims have been understood, the shifting balance between a prioritization of growth and distributional concerns, and the attention given to questions of geographically uneven development within Scotland. While there is a degree of continuity across these strategies, the trend has been towards a broadening set of aims around the economy, influenced by growing international interest in looking beyond GDP, concern about regional inequality and a need to reduce carbon emissions. Overall, however, these shifts have not yet marked a radical departure from the traditional underlying goal of seeking increased economic growth at the national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the demographic changes occurring in the Republic of North Macedonia and their impact on the economy, with a specific focus on labour market dynamics, aggregate demand and supply shifts, regional development disparities, and implications for economic growth. Through this analysis, the paper seeks to identify key challenges and propose strategic measures to address them. The research utilizes data from the 2021 census and other relevant sources to examine the demographic trends in the Republic of North Macedonia, including population decline, aging, and emigration patterns. By examining these interrelated factors, the paper aims to provide insights into the challenges faced by the Macedonian economy and propose policy recommendations to promote sustainable development and address demographic challenges effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates the impact of investment incentives in Slovakia on the unemployment rates in districts to which these incentives were targeted as well as potential spatial spillover effects. The results show that incentives directed to the least developed districts (LDDs) of the country are associated with a statistically significant reduction in unemployment rate growth in the targeted districts by about 0.1 percentage point per month over the course of three years following the intervention. By contrast, we estimated a precise zero effect of investment incentives targeted to non-LDDs. These findings are consistent with the standard economic argument of diminishing marginal returns. Estimates of the spillover effects are also centred around zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem when discussing cohesion policy is its results are challenging to measure. Even if, for almost thirty years' community action tried to solve regional disparities, considerable differences between certain parts of the European Union still exist nowadays. Therefore, the future purpose of territorial cooperation should be to support joint initiatives that establish cross-border and transnational network cooperation. This paper aims to determine the importance of inter-regional cooperation to increase the Cohesion Policy's performance. We would try to show that the regions facing the most significant difficulties in identifying comparative advantages and generating innovative specialization strategies either lack the historical or traditional basis for regional projects or do not have structures to represent them inter-regional dialogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The main aim of the article is to characterize and analyze the issue of sustainable development in the regional dimension, with particular emphasis on peripherality and innovation as a context of modernization changes in the conditions of globalization. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses a method of analysis of literature in the field of regional studies, referring to the problems of regional development in the perspective of conditions and changes in the macroscale. The thematic scope of the article includes an analysis of the theoretical foundations of regional development, the issue of regional disparities and developmental distances, the characteristics of peripherality and innovation as phenomena determining opportunities and barriers to development in the conditions of the globalization process. Social implications: The impact of the characteristics and analysis contained in the article can mark itself in terms of the goals and directions of regional policies formulated and implemented by public authorities at different levels. It can contribute to increasing the awareness and scope of knowledge of the regional community, especially its decision-making circles, with regard to the main goals and directions of development at the regional level, taking into account the role of innovation in overcoming the state of peripherality and marginalization under the prevailing global development trends. Originality/value: The value of the article is based on a focused analysis of the issue of sustainable regional development and showing its determinants in a new perspective, determined by the phenomena of peripherality and innovation as a context of changes on a global scale. The characteristics and analyses of the issue in question contained in the article are part of the trend of regional studies oriented towards the search for ways to overcome inter27 regional disparities and disparities in order to achieve regional balance and convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) in the power industry have neglected concerns related to regional heterogeneity and the integer character of certain indicators. In response to these issues, this study proposes a meta-frontier DEA model that integrates integer constraints for evaluating the CEE of China's provincial power industry from 2011 to 2021. This study also proposes to apply the Theil, technology gap ratio, and inefficiency decomposition indexes to analyze regional disparities, technological gaps, and strategies for enhancing CEE within China's provincial power industry. The research findings highlight several key points. First, China's power industry exhibits inefficiencies in CEE. The central region mainly contributes to the overall CEE decline, and approximately 70% of provinces demonstrate an average CEE below 0.70. Second, the technological level of the western region is leading, while that of the central region is the worst. Specifically, Ningxia, Hainan, and Jiangsu have the most advanced production technology levels. Third, substantial disparities in CEE within China's power industry primarily stem from regional imbalances in development. Fourth, technical inefficiency contributed 68.24% of the CEE in the central region, and management inefficiency contributed 96.91% and 65.42% in the western and eastern regions, respectively. Overall, China's power industry still has 37% potential for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the Journal of Urban Regeneration & Renewal titled "Levelling Up: Challenges and Opportunities in Addressing Regional Inequality." The editorial discusses the historical concern about unequal social and economic outcomes, particularly in urbanizing industrial societies. It explores the concept of "Levelling Up," which refers to the UK government's efforts to improve economic and social conditions in areas affected by the decline in traditional industries. The editorial presents a series of papers that analyze and critique policies aimed at reducing regional disparities and promoting a more equal distribution of incomes and services. The themes discussed in this special edition are applicable to countries facing deindustrialization and other challenges such as technological advances, an aging population, and climate change. The editorial also highlights the importance of investing in social infrastructure and engaging local stakeholders in regeneration efforts. [Extracted from the article]

This study attempted to show regional disparities in the level of deprivation among the Scheduled Tribe population in eastern Indian states (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal). This work is based on house listing and housing table of Census of India, 2011 and Socio-Economic Cast Census data. The Wroclaw Taxonomic method was employed for measuring the deprivation index. The results show that, out of 110 districts, 55 districts are in a middle-deprived stage and 13 districts are in a highly deprived stage. Among the states, the level of deprivation is very high in Odisha, followed by West Bengal. The situation is quite better in Jharkhand. The study also shows that the districts with little better condition are either situated in agricultural plain, mining centres, power plants or tourism centres. The study also reveals that the areas with the better conditions are either in agricultural plains, mining centres, power plants or tourism centres. As a result, the research recommends enhancing previously existing tribal development programmes as well as regional general development programmes in order to reduce concerns such as tribal, rural and regional deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of state transfers to offset disparities in regional development affects the stability of the country's financial system. This article delves into this outcome, empirically analyzing whether the transfer system for horizontal fiscal alignment leads to decreased financial system stability through increased borrowing at municipal and national levels. To test this hypothesis, we employ a quasi-experimental analysis strategy, examining potential scenarios of configuring transfers to Ukrainian municipalities for addressing horizontal fiscal imbalance. Across various transfer calculation scenarios involving changes in the calculation period, the number of budgets in consideration, and the alignment subject, we find that a suboptimal system of horizontal fiscal alignment, transferring funds from financially secure municipalities to insecure ones, leads to a rise in the public finance debt, subsequently decreasing financial system stability. Additionally, we discover that the current mechanism in Ukraine for horizontal fiscal alignment, designed to mitigate inequalities in socio-economic development among communities and regions, paradoxically exacerbates these disparities, artificially inflates indicators of decentralization reform success, and undermines public finance stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a spatial general equilibrium model to assess the macroeconomic and distributional impact of the European Commission's Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF). We employ two alternative regional distributions of investments: one based on the regional share of population only, and the other based on Cohesion Policy criteria. Our results suggest that the disbursement of RRF grants would lead to an increase in the European Union's gross domestic product (GDP) of approximately 0.85% in 2026, corresponding to a present value GDP multiplier of 1.22. The latter rises to 3.25 in the long run. Under the population criterion, GDP impacts are higher relative to the Cohesion criterion, at the detriment of territorial cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the role of natural gas in the urban-industrial formation of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina and its association with the regional development process of thissub-national unit. Geographer Armen Mamigonian'stheory supports the study, which uses bibliographical and documentary research as well as an empirical approach to the subject of natural gas. The results show that the current situation of natural gas in Santa Catarina is the result of its consumption in the thermo-intensive manufacturing sector, making it another instrument that strengthens the concentration of production on Santa Catarina's Atlantic coast. Natural gas therefore has dual and contradictory characteristics, as its supply contributes to the process of socio-spatial development but reinforces regional inequality as it is not available in other regions of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the spatial differences and evolutionary characteristics of urban economy and exploring the impact of industrial agglomeration and industrial proximity on urban economic convergence are the bases for scientifically formulating policies for coordinated regional economic development. This study used QGIS 3.10.10 software and the Theil index to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and regional disparities of urban economy. Then, a spatial econometric model was constructed to analyze the convergence and influencing factors of Guangdong's urban economy. The results indicate that from 2006 to 2020, Guangdong's urban economy grew rapidly and the degree of economic agglomeration gradually weakened, but its economic pattern always maintained the "Core-Edge" structural feature. The interval disparities between the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration (PRD) and the edge area have always been greater than the intra-regional disparities, so they are main source of disparities in Guangdong. In Guangdong's urban economy, σ-convergence and β-convergence coexist. The conditional β-convergence rate is 0.96~1.53%, and the half-life cycle is 45.4~72.36 years. Compared to the PRD, the economic disparities in the edge area are smaller but the convergence speed is faster and the half-life cycle is shorter. Both industrial agglomeration and industrial proximity have a significant impact on the economic convergence of Guangdong's cities. Among them, industrial agglomeration has a positive impact, while industrial proximity has a negative impact. There is spatial heterogeneity in the impact of industries on economic development. Industrial agglomeration has a positive impact on the overall economic development of Guangdong, but it is not significant within the regions. Industrial proximity has significant negative externalities in the PRD region, and its impact is not significant in the edge area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union aims for territorial cohesion, with human capital as a key factor. Assessing how investment in regional human capital enhances this cohesion is therefore essential. This study assesses the impact of the EU Structural Funds (ESFs) in Calabria (Italy), a region grappling with economic challenges and a brain drain phenomenon. Aimed at fostering regional cohesion, ESFs have been directed towards supporting Calabrian graduates' pursuit of master's degrees, intending to incentivize their retention or return postgraduation. A comprehensive survey of the beneficiaries of these subsidies was carried out to determine their employability in the region and the probability of the return of migrants, analyzed by logistic regression of the data. Results demonstrate a dual effect: while the quality of education and EU funding positively influence graduates to work in Calabria, acquiring advanced skills paradoxically diminishes this propensity. Moreover, although the likelihood of returning to Calabria for those working elsewhere does increase, ESF support counterintuitively reduces this probability. The findings reveal a vicious cycle; they equip graduates with high-level skills that facilitate their access to the labor market but simultaneously encourage their migration due to more favorable conditions elsewhere. It is suggested that synergies between ESF-funded policies and those supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) should be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to assess the diversity of changes in Poland's industrial sector, distinguishing the ICT section, on a regional basis, and to classify the regions according to the value of the location quotient index. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses the following methods: critical analysis of the literature and analysis of statistical data using selected statistical tools. On the basis of the data, obtained from the Local Data Bank (GUS), the dynamics and share of production and employment in the industrial sector were calculated, also including the ITC sector. The analysis covered 16 provinces from 2000 to 2021. Findings: Analysis of selected variables in the analyzed years confirmed the existence of regional disparities in Poland, the presence of both reindustrialization and deindustrialization processes and the leading role of the Mazowieckie voivodeship in the ITC sector. Research limitations/implications: The research conducted in the article represents only one aspect of the assessment of regional disparities. In the course of a broader, more detailed study, it is possible to conduct research at a more local level and to apply additional indicators and methods to evaluate the economic situation of the regions. Practical implications: Knowledge of the mechanisms and regularities of regional development is the basis for shaping policies that would ensure, on the one hand, high and sustainable development dynamics, and, on the other hand, lead to the reduction of regional inequalities. Social implications: A situation of excessive inequalities can lead to conflicts and tensions within communities. Therefore, one of the goals of the state's economic and social policies should be to reduce regional disparities, in favor of sustainable development and improving the quality of life in the country. Originality/value: The article analyzes using the most current statistical data of selected variables and statistical tools. Thus, it can provide another element towards learning about the regularities of regional inequality in the Polish economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aggravation of congestion, pollution, and other negative externalities generated by continued urbanization, polycentric strategies have gradually become one of the main urban and regional spatial strategies. It remains unclear, however, whether the polycentric structure is conducive to regional coordinated development. This study examines these issues using China's urban agglomerations (UAs) as a sample. The Prolonged Artificial Nighttime‐light Dataset of China (PANDA) was used to measure the polycentric structure. The results of the nonparametric identification of sub‐centers show that almost all of China's UAs exhibit multiple (sub)centers, and the number of (sub)centers in most UAs has increased from 1992 to 2020. Empirical analysis shows that a polycentric structure is beneficial for narrowing regional disparities within the UA, and the narrowing effect of the polycentric structure on regional disparities increases as the distance between centers increases. Furthermore, a polycentric spatial structure is more conducive to the economic growth of small cities in UA, thereby promoting the coordinated development of regions within UA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the regional disparities in water supply coverage in Pakistan in the context of intraregional development patterns. We applied the Gini index, Esteban and Ray index, and Moran's I to measure regional development patterns in terms of inequality, polarization, and spatial concentration and build an integrated framework combining them with other widely accepted factors to understand regional differences in water coverage quantitatively. Our results show that improved water (tap and pump water) is more widely supplied in Pakistan with lower inequality but higher spatial concentration than tap water supply coverage, although the patterns differ by urban–rural divisions and provinces. Western regions with smaller populations tend to have higher tap water coverage, and eastern regions with large populations are more covered by improved water. The regression models show various mechanisms of improved water and tap water coverage. Both are related to local economic conditions but tap water coverage is more related to local environmental conditions, and improved water is more related to local demographic conditions. Strong and dense population centers decrease improved water coverage but promote tap water coverage. Urban planners and policymakers should address polycentric regional development to fulfill various development targets and improve regional equity of drinking water coverage in terms of accessibility, availability, and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reflect the grey information coverage and complex interactions effect in digital economy development. Therefore, a multi-attribute decision making method based on the grey interaction relational degree of the normal cloud matrix (GIRD-NCM) model is proposed. First, the original information coverage grey numbers are transformed into normal cloud matrixes, and then a novel Minkowski distance between normal clouds is proposed by using different information principles. Second, the GIRD-NCM model is established according to the Choquet fuzzy integral and grey relational degree. Finally, the dynamic comprehensive evaluation of digital economy development in China from 2013 to 2020 is conducted. The implementation, availability, and feasibility of the GIRD-NCM model are verified by comparative analysis with three existing evaluation models. The empirical findings reveal a stable growth trend in China’s digital economy, with an annual growth rate of 7.87%, however, there are notable regional development disparities. The change in interaction degree has no effect on the rankings of provinces that are in the lead or have a moderately high level of digital economy development, but has a positive and negative impact on the rankings of these provinces with high and low levels of digital economy development, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, our primary objective is to dissect the influence of specific locational elements—proximity to international borders, substantial ports, and significant railway junctions—on the economic vitality of Hungary's counties from 2001 to 2020. The aim is to reveal how these factors individually contribute to economic disparities and to demonstrate their compounded effect on regional prosperity. This analysis is particularly timely and pertinent as regional inequalities are becoming more pronounced globally, making understanding such disparities crucial for effective policy formulation and regional planning. Utilizing GDP per capita as a fundamental indicator of economic health, we meticulously categorized counties, revealing a clear correlation between these locational advantages and economic performance. We innovatively employed Python to script a unique code, creating a matrix that enriches the presentation of our results, thereby facilitating a more nuanced understanding of these correlations. Our findings are significant in the current socio-economic climate, highlighting the need for tailored strategies considering unique regional attributes. This study is instrumental for policymakers and stakeholders in formulating informed, targeted strategies to harness these locational advantages, fostering balanced development, and narrowing the economic divide within the nation. The actuality of our research lies in its immediate relevance, offering insights critical to current discussions and decisions in regional development planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investigating the impact of industrial facility agglomeration on population distribution provides valuable insights for advancing urban and regional development, as well as aiding in planning, forecasting, and achieving regional equilibrium. However, there remains a notable gap in understanding the influence and mechanisms of industrial facility agglomeration on population distribution, particularly when considering different industry types and diverse regions comprehensively. Additionally, conventional panel data used to assess industrial facility agglomeration are constrained by limitations in coverage and timeliness. In contrast, Point of Interest (POI) data offers a superior solution with its real-time, fine-grained, and innovative advantages. This study utilizes real-time and fine-grained POI data in conjunction with the LandScan population raster dataset to precisely assess industrial facility agglomeration in 352 administrative units at the prefecture level and above in China. The key findings of this research can be summarized as follows: (1) factors influencing urban population growth rates have evolved, with increased significance attributed to Government Agencies and Social Groups, alongside a consistent impact from Science, Education, and Cultural Services. (2) The correlation between industrial facility agglomerations and population growth rates displayed linear relationships in 2015 and 2021, with varying strengths and directional shifts. (3) Regional disparities in industrial facility agglomeration patterns underscore the necessity for customized strategies to optimize industrial structures, foster innovation-driven sectors, and promote sustainable population growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive green growth (IGG) has become a worldwide consensus to achieve the target of sustainable development goals. Although the prominent role of digital finance (DF) against the pandemic has drawn considerable attention from policymakers, its plausible effect on IGG and underlying mechanisms have not been distinctly explored in academia. The aim of the study is to explore the causal effect of DF on IGG based on prefecture city-level data from 2011 to 2019 in China. To this end, we employed the non-radial direction distance function approach within the global production technology to evaluate the aggregate IGG performance and its three sub-dimensions. The empirical results demonstrate that DF exerts a significant promotional effect on urban IGG. This finding continues to survive in an extensive set of robustness checks using an alternative dependent variable, model specifications, instrumental variable, and difference-in-difference approaches to address the endogeneity concerns. Meanwhile, sub-dimensional regressions show that this positive effect is driven predominantly by the scale economy of DF, while the depth of usage and digitalization playing a minor role. Moreover, we uncover that DF enhances IGG by leveraging greater marginal product of labor rather than capital, improving environmental externalities, increasing fuller employment, and reducing rural–urban income inequality. However, we also reveal the dark side of DF on imbalanced regional development. The promotional effect of DF on IGG is only prominent for cities with better inherent comparative advantages, and we are thus likely to see a widening digital divide resulting from the "Matthew effect" on regional disparity without timely policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opportunity of this research topic lies in the current extremely challenging geopolitical context that has led to the outbreak of multiple crises: energy, economic, social, financial, food, etc. The European Union has thus positioned itself in the face of these phenomena by creating several instruments to manage crises and increase resilience: civil protection mechanism, integrated mechanism for political response to crises, cross-border cooperation and solidarity mechanisms, food security crisis plans, resilience measures against physical and digital risks. The paper aims to analyse the necessity of changing the regional approach across the EU under the impact of the pandemic. Specific regional socio-economic indicators for EU NUTS2 regions are analysed during 2010-2021. The main objective of this research is to quantify the regional socioeconomic and to realise comparative analysis related to three moments in time: the latest EU enlargement, the economic crisis and the pandemic. The novelty of the study was the building of a new dynamic multi-criteria model assessing the strategic perspective, which was built to offer pertinent solutions for the regional decision makers in order to ensure cohesion and sustainable development on short and medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]