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Muḥkam and mutashābih have developed as two topics that are related to every field of religious studies throughout the historical process. The fact that this has been a topic of controversy in every field of religious studies is due to the fact that verses of the Qur’an were classified as muḥkam and mutashābih by the verses of the Qur’an. Discussions and suggestions regarding muḥkam and mutashābih generally tended to be limited to the studies about the semantic definitions of the terms or were shaped around the narratives about the circumstances of the revelation and thus digression from the actual context was inevitable. In addition, acknowledging muḥkam and mutashābih as semantic qualities of the Qur’an raised doubts over the Qur’an's status as an understandable text. As mutashābih verses were considered by some as ambiguous, this enabled each school of thought to base their opinions on the verses of the Qur'an. The fact that current interpretations of the verses of the Qur’an are not made free from the historical points of view is due to the strength of the historical knowledge. Qur’an demands faith in the previous canons as well as demanding faith in the previous messengers. In this context, muḥkam are the genuine commandments of the Qur’an which did not exist in the previous canons whereas mutashābih are the commandments that resemble the ones in the previous canons. This research employs analysis, comparison and criticism methods for examining its subject matter. Meanings of the verses of the Qur’an are analyzed linguistically and the relations between the terms in this context are attempted to be shown. In interpreting the verses about the topic, arguments of different schools of thought are included. Criticism of the previous interpretations is carried out considering the contextual and semantic integrity of the Qur'an. It is also stated that while forming its muḥkam verses, the Qur’an employed the methods of abrogation, adjournment and conversion. Abrogation is not an annulation of the own verses of the Qur’an but an annulation of a commandment in a previous canon. Adjournment means not to abrogate a commandment of a previous canon but their inclusion in the new canon. The cases that the Qur’an mentions in which the messenger is accused of fabricating are stated to be due to the conversion of the commandments the interlocutors had already known by genuine verses of the Qur’an. To regard muḥkam and mutashābih as genuine and resembling verses would fortify the judgement that the verses of the Qur’an are comprehensible. This paper concludes that the muḥkam verses provide the fundamentals of the system of law which is the Qur’an, and mutashābih are the verses that are in the Qur’an and show resemblance to previous laws that were already present at the time. In relation to this, that those with crooked hearts tracing after the mutashābih is interpreted to mean that they investigated whether the ayats were included in the previous canons and that Allah knows the gloss of the mutashābih ayats is interpreted to mean that He knows in which canon the ayats were first included and finally the attitude of those with deep wisdom towards the muteshâbih ayats is explained as that with their vast knowledge on revelation, they confess that all the resembling ayats were revealed by Allah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it is known, there are some difficulties in interpreting some verses. The most important of these are metaphorical verses and the verses with a profundity of meanings and a versatile content (mutashābih). Considering that the Qurʾān uses metaphors and the (mutashābih) verses that are characterized with the realm of the unseen (gayb) and which are challenging for our limited conceptualizations exist abundantly in the Holy Qurʾān, the importance of the issue becomes clear. In the Qurʾān, the representational expression of the metaphor is used extensively. It can be said that representational narration prevails especially in divine attributions, and an anthropomorphic expression is preferred in this regard. We can define this as "Qıyās al-gāib alā al-shahid", that is, to describe an unknown world by analogy with the phenomena of the known world. With this expression, it is possible to say that unseen and psychological situations that transcend the human horizon are made intelligible, and religious truths are brought closer to the mind in this way. Divine attributes were also described in this way, and an anthropomorphic expression was preferred for them. We examined the Metaphor and the relationship between metaphor and truth, and some verses in which only metaphor is meant, and especially representational narration. On the subject of mutashābih, issues such as mutashābih, adaptation of them to Muhkāmat and understanding the Qurʾān by taking into account the style of the Qurʾān have been tried to be resolved within a methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the concept of mutashabih is evaluated in terms of its limits. The term meaning of the concept of mutashabih is generally considered in the context that only God knows the explanation of these verses. For this reason, it is emphasized that the points that should be evaluated within the context of Mushkilu’l-Qur'an shall not be evaluated within the scope of the mutashabih, and these are the points to be resolved by evidences. It is stated that the prophet's prayer to Ibn Abbas saying, "O Allah, teach him wisdom and the (correct) interpretation of the Book" cannot be an evidence that some people will know explanation of mutashabih verses. It is emphasized that the concept of knowledge in verse seven of Surat Al-Imran is ambiguous and it is not clear which knowledge is meant by. It is stated that the mutashabih may have different degrees. It is emphasized that while only one word of the verse can be mutashabih, the whole verse can be also mutashabih. In the same way, it is pointed out that there are different degrees in terms of the mutashabih of the verses. In this context, Kurtubî's interpretation of the verse “Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth” is partly examined as an example of the subject of mutashabih. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]