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Tijekom cijele godine odvija se potrošnja jabuka u svježem stanju. O njezinim vanjskim i unutarnjim karakteristikama ovisi cjelokupna ocjena kvalitete. Cilj ovog rada je utvrđivanje sklonosti potrošača prema određenom tipu izgleda i okusa jabuke, odnosno sklonosti prema određenim sortama. Žiri potrošača koji su ocjenjivali plod jabuke bio je sastavljen od potrošača čija se starosna dob kretala od 20 do 30 godina. U istraživanju svih kvaliteta bile su uključene 4 sorte jabuka; Idared, Jonagold, Gloster i Granny Smith. U anketi su ocjenjivani vanjski izgled ploda (boja kožice, veličina i oblik ploda), fizikalne karakteristike ploda (tekstura, sočnost i tvrdoća), te kemijske karakteristike ploda (odnos šećera i kiselina, aroma i punoća okusa). Sva ispitivana svojstva ocjenjivala su se ocjenama od 1 do 6, pri čemu je 1 bila minimalna ocjena, a 6 maksimalna ocjena. U ovom istraživanju najbolje su ocijenjeni plodovi sorte Granny Smith, nakon toga plodovi sorte Idared, te Gloster a najlošije su ocijenjeni plodovi sorte Jonagold., Fresh apples are consumed throughout the year. The overall quality assessment depends on its external and internal characteristics. The aim of this paper is to determine the consumers preference for a certain type of appearance and taste of apples, or preference for certain varieties. The jury of consumers who evaluated apple fruit was composed of costumers whose age ranged from 20 to 30 years. Four varieties of apples, Idared, Jonagold, Gloster and Granny Smith were included in the research on all qualities. The survey evaluated the external appearance of the fruit (skin color, size and shape of the fruit), physical characteristics of the fruit (texture, juiciness and hardness), and chemical characteristics of the fruit (ratio of sugars and acids, aroma and fullness of taste). All tested traits were rated on a scale of 1 to 6, with 1 being the minimum grade and 6 being the maximum grade. In this study, the best rated apple fruits was Granny Smith variety, followed by Idared and Gloster, and the worst rated was the Jonagold variety.

Trg ladijskih križarjenj in prve potniške ladje so se hitreje začele razvijati na začetku 20. stoletja. Taka oblika potovanja je bila cenovno za večino ljudi nedostopna. Tudi sama podjetja so se bolj kot na potniške ladje usmerjala na čezoceanske linijske potniške ladje, ki so takrat predstavljale glavni način transporta med celinami. Tako so se podjetja na začetku razvoja borila, kdo bo zgradil največjo in najhitrejšo potniško linijsko ladjo, predvsem zaradi velikih migracij iz Evrope v ZDA. Prvi padec trga potniških linijskih ladij je povzročil razvoj letalske industrije. Letala so ljudem omogočila veliko hitrejše prečkanje oceanov kot linijske potniške ladje. Prvi padec trga je prinesel tudi pozitivne strani. Potniške ladje so se začele razvijati v smeri, kot jih poznamo danes. Hitrost ladij ni več toliko pomembna kot nekoč, bolj je pomembno udobje, animacija, raznolikost ponudbe in itinerariji križarjenj. Od začetka razvoja modernih potniških ladij pa do začetka pandemije covida-19 (1990–2020) je bil trg ladijskih križarjenj v vzpon in razvoju. Zanemarljivo majhen padec je bila industrija deležna le v času nepremičninske krize leta 2008/2009. Iz leta v leto so se podirali rekordi na področju tehnologije, financ, velikosti in števila potniških ladij ter števila prepeljanih potnikov. Prav zaradi velikosti in ekonomičnosti ladij so ladijska križarjenja postala dosegljiva širši množici ljudi, ta veja turizma pa je vsako leto bolj popularna. Vzpon industrije je zelo pretresla pandemija koronavirusa, ki je čez noč zaustavila industrijo potniških križarjenj, podjetja pa so se znašla v zelo neprijetnem položaju. Njihove ladje so čez noč ostale brez potnikov in privezane k obali. Starejše ladje so zaradi velikih stroškov vzdrževanja pristale na rezališčih. Veliko manjših podjetij je propadlo. Po skoraj dvoletnem boju s pandemijo so ladijska križarjenja ponovno v vzponu. Ukrepi, povezani s pandemijo, so se začeli opuščati in industrija potniških križarjenj se vrača na stara pota. Cruise ships market and the first passenger ships started to develop in the early 20th century. This form of travel was unaffordable for the most of the people. Companies themselves were also focusing on ocean liners rather than on cruise ships. Ocean liners were the main source of intercontinental transport at the time. The companies competed between each other, to build the biggest and fastest liner, mainly because of the large migration from Europe to the USA at that time. The first fall of the cruise liner market was caused by the development of the aviation industry. Airplanes allowed people to cross oceans much faster than traditional cruise liners. The first fall of the market also brought positive side. Modern cruise ships started to develop in the direction as we know them today. Speed is no longer as important as it used to be. It has been replaced with comfort, animation, variety of different offers and itineraries. Since the development of the modern cruise ships till covid-19 pandemic (1990-2020), the cruise market was booming and evolving. The only time the industry experienced a negligible fall was during the real estate crisis in 2008/2009. Year after year, records were broken in terms of technology, finances, the size and number of cruise ships and the number of passengers carried. The size and cost-effectiveness of ships that have made cruises accessible to a wider range of people. Every year this branch of tourism becomes more and more popular. The rise of the industry has been shaken by the recent coronavirus pandemic. It shut down (stopped) the cruise ship industry overnight and companies found themselves in a very uncomfortable situation. Their ships were left overnight without passengers and tied up along the shore. Older ships ended up in scrapping yards because of the high maintenance costs. Many small companies also went bankrupt. Almost two years after the arrival of coronavirus pandemic, the cruise ship industry is slowly rising again. Measures related to the covid-19 pandemic have started to be abandoned and the cruise ship industry is back on track.

Audiologopēdija Veselības aprūpe Audiologopaedics Health Care Pētījuma nosaukums: Alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas tehnisko palīglīdzekļu novērtēšanas anketas ticamība: pilotpētījums Pētījuma jautājums: Vai izstrādātā alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas tehnisko palīglīdzekļu novērtēšanas anketa (AAKTP NA) atbilst augstas ticamības rādītājiem? Pētījuma mērķis: Izstrādāt anketu alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas tehnisko palīglīdzekļu novērtēšanai (AAKTP NA) un pārbaudīt tās ticamību. Pētījuma metodes: Anonīma anketa, kas sastāv no trīs blokiem (A – paplašinatā demogrāfija, B – alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikacijas tehnisko palīglīdzekļu izmantošana, C – alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas ieguvumi un izaicinājumi). Katrā blokā ir 5 – 7 panti. Tie veidoti balstoties uz datubāzēs pieejamajiem pētījumiem. Anketa elektroniski izsūtīta pētījuma dalībniekiem, audiologopēdiem, sadarbībā ar Latvijas Audiologopēdu asociāciju. Rezultāti: Iegūtais statistikas ticamības rādītājs Kronbaha alfa norādīja uz augstu pantu atbilžu saskaņotību blokā par alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas tehnisko palīglīdzekļu izmantošanu. Zems Kronbaha alfa koeficients bija paplašinātās demogrāfijas blokā un alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas ieguvumu un izaicinājumu blokā. Tas norādīja uz šajos blokos esošo pantu atbilžu zemo saskaņotību savā starpā. Secinājumi: Tika izveidota Latvijas kultūrvidei atbilstoša alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas tehnisko palīglīdzekļu novērtēšanas aptaujas anketa, un pilotpētījumā pārbaudīta tās ticamība. Izveidotajai aptaujas anketai ir variabli ticamības rādītāji, kur augstākie Kronbaha alfa koeficienti ir bloka B (alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas tehnisko palīglīdzekļu lietošana) pantiem un Likerta skalas pantiem. Zemākie Kronbaha alfa koeficienti ir bloku A (paplašinātā demogrāfija) un C (alternatīvās un augmentatīvās komunikācijas lietošanas ieguvumi un izaicinājumi) pantiem. Research title: Reliability of the Alternative and Augmentative Communication Technical Aids Assessment Questionnaire: pilot study Research question: Does the questionnaire constructed to assess the use of alternative and augmentative communication technical aids (AACTA AQ) meet high reliability indicatiors? Research aim: Develop a questionnaire to assess the use of alternative and augmentative communication technical aids (AACTA AQ) and test its reliability. Research method: An anonymous questionnaire consisting of the three blocks (A – extended demography, B – use of alternative and augmentative communication technical aids, C – benefits and challenges of alternative and augmentative communication). Each block has 5 – 7 questions. The questions are based on the studies available in the databases. The questionnaire was sent electronically to the participants of the study (speech and language pathologists) with help of the Association of Speech and Language Pathologists of Latvia. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha statistical reliability indicated a high consistency of the responses in the block on the use of alternative and augmentative communication technical aids. The Cronbach’s alpha was low in the extended demography block and in the benefits and challenges of alternative and augmentative communication block. This indicated the low consistency of the responses of the questions in the blocks with each other. Conclusion: A questionnaire to assess the use of alternative and augmentative communication technical aids was constructed and It’s reliability was tested in the pilot study. The questionnaire has variable reliability, with highest Cronbach’s alpha for block B (use of alternative and augmentative communication technical aids) questions and Likert scale questions and the lowest Cronbach’s alpha for blocks A (extended demography) and C (benefits and challenges of alternative and augmentative communication) questions.

Ozadje: Sistem farmacevtov predpisovalcev na primarni ravni zdravstvene dejavnosti farmacevtom omogoča predpisovanje nekaterih zdravil na odvisen (v sodelovanju z zdravnikom) ali neodvisen način. V tujini so farmacevti predpisovalci dodatno usposobljeni zdravstveni strokovnjaki, ki so pridobili uradno potrdilo pristojnega organa za predpisovanje zdravil za določeno terapevtsko področje. V Sloveniji je ta sistem še nepoznan, najbolj razširjen je v Združenem kraljestvu, v mnogih državah pa je v uvajanju. Namen: Namen magistrske naloge je opraviti pregled literature o sistemu farmacevtov predpisovalcev ter raziskati in opredeliti koristi in ovire, ki jih ta sistem prinaša. Prav tako je namen dela raziskati in ovrednotiti mnenja splošne populacije, farmacevtov in zdravnikov o možnostih uvedbe takšnega sistema v Sloveniji. Metode: V podatkovni zbirki MEDLINE smo s pomočjo izdelanega iskalnega profila izvedli pregled literature ter predstavili podatke. V spletnem orodju 1KA smo na podlagi vsebin iz pregleda literature izdelali anketni vprašalnik za vsako populacijo posebej – splošno populacijo, farmacevte in zdravnike ter analizirali mnenja in odzive. Rezultati: V pregled literature smo vključili 27 člankov, največ jih je bilo iz Združenega kraljestva, najpogosteje uporabljeni metodologiji pa vprašalnik in sistematični pregled. Izstopajoče koristi so bile: izboljšan dostop do zdravil in zdravstvene oskrbe, prihranek časa, zmanjšanje delovne obremenitve zdravnikov ter povečano koriščenje strokovnega znanja farmacevtov. Ovire so predstavljale: slaba ozaveščenost o sistemu, nezadostna podpora, potencialno navzkrižje interesov in poseganje v strokovnost zdravnikov ter nezadostno financiranje, infrastruktura in tehnološki viri ter kompetence predpisovalcev. Anketo je v celoti rešilo 71 predstavnikov splošne populacije, 86 farmacevtov ter 73 zdravnikov. Za obravnavan sistem je že slišalo 47,3 % farmacevtov, 22,2 % predstavnikov splošne populacije ter 15,0 % zdravnikov. 32,5 % zdravnikov je menilo, da sistem farmacevtov predpisovalcev ne bi bil enako varen, kot če bi zdravila predpisoval zgolj zdravnik 71,4 % farmacevtov je bilo mnenja, da v lekarnah ni zaposlenega dovolj kadra za dodatno dejavnost predpisovanja zdravil. 48,8 % zdravnikov bi s farmacevtom predpisovalcem želelo sodelovati. Sklepi: Pogledi splošne populacije, farmacevtov in zdravnikov v Sloveniji glede uvajanja sistema farmacevtov predpisovalcev značilno ne odstopajo od mnenj, pridobljenih v pregledu literature iz tujine. Največje razlike v strinjanju med populacijami predstavljajo vprašanja dodatnega financiranja, varnosti, kompetentnosti, zadostnosti kadra ter podpore. Background: The pharmacist prescribing system allows pharmacists at the primary care level to prescribe certain medicines dependently (in collaboration with a doctor) or independently. Abroad, pharmacist prescribers are additionally qualified health professionals who have obtained official certification from the competent authority to prescribe medicines for a specific therapeutic area. This system is still unknown in Slovenia, but it is most common in the UK and is being introduced in many countries. Aim: The aim of this master thesis is to review the literature on the pharmacist prescribing system and to explore and identify the facilitators and barriers of this system. The aim is also to investigate and evaluate the opinions of the general population, pharmacists and medical doctors on the possibility of introducing such a system in Slovenia. Methods: We performed a literature review in the MEDLINE database using a defined search profile and presented the data. Based on the content of the literature review, a questionnaire was developed in the 1KA web tool for each population - general population, pharmacists and medical doctors - and the opinions and responses were analysed. Results: We included 27 articles in our literature review, most of them from the UK, and the most commonly used methodologies were questionnaire and systematic review. The identified benefits were: improved access to medicines and healthcare, time saving, reduced doctors’ workload and increased use of pharmacists’ skills. Barriers included: poor awareness of the system, inadequate support, potential conflicts of interest, professional encroachment on the domain of medical doctors and insufficient funding, infrastructure support and technological resources, and prescriber competences. The questionnaire was completed by 71 members of the general population, 86 pharmacists and 73 medical doctors. 47,3 % of pharmacists, 22,2 % of the general population and 15,0 % of doctors have already heard about the system. 32,5 % of medical doctors felt that pharmacist prescribing system would not be as safe as if prescribing by medical doctors only 71,4 % of pharmacists thought that pharmacies do not have enough staff to carry out additional prescribing activities. 48,8 % of medical doctors would like to work with a pharmacist prescriber. Conclusions: The perspectives of the general population, pharmacists and medical doctors in Slovenia on the pharmacist prescribing system, do not typically differ from the perspectives introduced in the literature review from abroad. The biggest differences in levels of agreement between the populations refer to: additional funding, safety, competence, staffing and support.

V raziskavi, opravljeni leta 2019, je bilo zajetih 544 naključno izbranih gospodinjstev, ki imajo v lasti gozd. Več kot polovica anketi%ranih ima v lasti gozdno posest, veliko od 1 do 4,99 ha. Za 62 % anketiranih je glavni namen gospodarjenja z gozdom uporaba lesa za lastne potrebe. V obdobju 2015%2019 je sečnjo in spravilo opravljalo 71 % anketiranih, ki so v tem času skupaj posekali nekaj manj kot 50.000 m3 lesa (24 m3 /ha ali 141 m3 na gospodinjstvo). Intenziteta sečnje je bila najvišja pri zasebnih lastnikih z malimi gozdnimi posestmi (do 0,99 ha), in sicer v povprečju 41,4 m3 /ha. Analiza je pokazala, da obstajajo statistično značilne razlike med velikostjo gozdne posesti in intenziteto sečnje. V anketi je bilo ugotovljeno, da so za 41 % sečnje in spravila poskrbeli poklicni izvajalci del. Z raziskavo smo potrdili značilen vpliv velikosti zasebne gozdne posesti na način izvedbe sečnje in spravila. Rezultati so pokazali, da je največji delež zasebnih lastnikov, ki vsa dela opravijo s pomočjo najetih izvajalcev, v velikostnem razredu gozdne posesti od 5 do 9,99 ha. Z raziskavo nismo potrdili statistično značilnih razlik v intenziteti sečnje med spoloma zasebnih lastnikov gozdov A survey conducted in 2019 covered 544 randomly selected forest owners. More than half of the forest owners own a forest estate ranging from 1 to 4.99 ha. For 62 % of respondents, the primary purpose of forest management is to harvest wood for their own needs. In 2015%2019, 71 % of respondents carried out felling and skidding in their forests. In total, approximately 50,000 m3 of wood was felled (24 m3 /ha or 141 m3 per holding). The largest volumes were felled by private owners with small forest holdings (up to 0.99 ha), on average 41.4 m3 /ha. There were statistically significant differences between the size of the forest holding and the average volume of annual felling. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in felling intensity between male and female forest owners. The survey found that professional contractors carried out 41 % of felling and harvesting. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the size of the private forest estate and the method of performing forest operations. The results showed that the largest share of private owners who carry out all felling and skidding with the help of hired contractors is in the size class of forest holdings from 5 to 9.99 ha. The study did not confirm statistically significant differences in the intensity of felling between male and female private forest owners.

Rad se bavi istraživanjem korištenja informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije u nastavi viših razreda osnovnih škola na području grada Pule. Najprije daje teorijski pregled pojma nastave kroz teorijske opise didaktičara, a zatim objašnjava tzv. „didaktički trokut“. Drugi dio teorijskog dijela bavi se opisom informacijske i komunikacijske tehnologije kroz kratak razvoj i definiranje navedene tehnologije, opisa iste kao međupredmetne teme u sustavu obrazovanja, zatim je objašnjen način izrade pravilnika o sigurnoj i odgovornoj upotrebi IKT u školama te koja joj je uloga u obrazovanju pregledom i opisom suvremenih informacijskih i komunikacijskih alata. U radu je provedeno istraživanje o načinu korištenja informacijskih i komunikacijskih alata u višim razredima osnovnih škola grada Pule prema nastavnim područjima kurikuluma, pri čemu je korištenje suvremenih informacijskih i komunikacijskih alata podijeljenih u 13 skupina prema njihovoj upotrebi u nastavi. Rezultati mogu pridonijeti boljem razumijevanju upotrebe informacijskih i komunikacijskih alata i doprinijeti strateškom razvoju primjene istih u osnovnim školama grada Pule i širem obrazovnom okruženju. This thesis provides the research of the use of information and communication technology in the teaching of upper grades of elementary schools in the area of the city of Pula. The paper first gives a theoretical overview of the concept of teaching through the theoretical descriptions of didactics, and then explains the so-called "didactic triangle". The second part of the theoretical part provides the description of information and communication technology through a brief development and definition of the mentioned technology and the description of the same technology as a cross-curricular topic in the education system. Paper than goes through the rulebook on safe and responsible use of information and communication technology in education system and last what is its role in education by reviewing and describing modern information and communication technologies tools. In this thesis, research was conducted on the way information and communication tools are used in the upper grades of primary schools in the city of Pula according to the teaching areas of the curriculum, where the use of modern information and communication tools is divided into 13 groups according to their use in teaching. The results of this work can contribute to a better understanding of the use of information and communication tools and contribute to the strategic development of their application in primary schools in the city of Pula and in the wider educational environment.

The aim of this study is the KEYS questionnaire cross-cultural adaptation into the Lithuanian language. This study was designed to translate and perform cultural adaptation as well as test the reliability of the Lithuanian version of the KEYS questionnaire. Guidelines for the questionnaire translation and adaptation procedure according to international recommendations based on scientific literature were followed in order to establish the cultural equivalence to the original English version of the KEYS questionnaire. In the cross-cultural adaptation stage, due to the Lithuanian cultural context, several discrepancies between the semantic and conceptual equivalence of the items were modified. In total, 155 respondents participated in the pilot study of the Lithuanian KEYS version. As to reliability of the Lithuanian KEYS version, psychometric properties were tested, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency. Mostly all scales and items demonstrated good internal consistency. The Lithuanian KEYS version was a well-accepted, reliable tool for evaluating and assessing individual work environment perceptions that influence the creativity of organizations among the Lithuanian speaking population. We conclude that the Lithuanian version of the KEYS questionnaire was successfully translated and adapted for application to Lithuanian-speaking respondents and it is ready for the validation study. Such a research is the first in the Baltic region.

Splošno veljavna, predvsem pa v stroki sprejeta merila sprejemljive poškodovanosti tal po gozdni proizvodnji so predpogoj za učinkovito varovanje gozdnih tal in objektiven nadzor nad kakovostjo izvedbe gozdnih del. V raziskavi znotraj gozdarske stroke smo preverili sprejemljivost meril, ki so jih na osnovi dosedanjih raziskav predlagali Poje in sodelavci (2019). Anketiranje je bilo opravljeno na 35. Gozdarskih študijskih dnevih, kjer je na anketo odgovorilo 62 udeležencev iz različnih ustanov. Rezultati ankete so pokazali, da so usklajena merila strožja od predlaganih ter da se ocene po posameznih kazalnikih znotraj meril razlikujejo med deležniki. Po predlogu usklajenih meril je dopustna odprtost z vlakami 192 m/ha, s sečnimi potmi pa dodatnih 193 m/ha. Največja globina kolesnic na vlakah ne sme presegati 30 cm, na sečnih poteh pa 20 cm. Največja globina kolesnic na 90 % dolžine vseh sečnih poti na delovišču naj ne presega 10 cm. Tudi na osnovi rezultatov drugih študij se zdi predlog usklajenih meril smiseln in primeren s tehnološkega, ekonomskega in ekološkega vidika. Pred uvajanjem usklajenih meril v prakso je poleg njihovega preverjanja na terenu in morebitnega ponovnega usklajevanja treba nujno razviti metodo za ocenjevanje poškodovanosti. Generally applicable and professionally applied criteria for acceptable soil damage after forest operations are a prerequisite for efficient forest soil protection and objective control of the quality of forest operations. This research took the form of a survey conducted among forestry experts to examine the acceptability of the criteria proposed by Poje et al. (2019) on the basis of previous studies. The survey was conducted on the 35th Forestry Study Days Conference and involved 62 respondents from different institutions. The results of the survey showed that the harmonised criteria are stricter than the proposed criteria and that the assessments by individual indicators within the criteria vary between stakeholders. According to the proposed harmonised criteria, a density of 192 m/ha with skid trails and an additional 193 m/ha with harvester trails is allowed. The maximum rut depth in skid and harvester trails shall not exceed 30 cm and 20 cm, respectively. The maximum rut depth on 90% of the length of all harvester trails at the logging location shall not exceed 10 cm. Based on the results of other studies, the proposal for harmonised criteria also appears to be reasonable and appropriate from a technological, economic and environmental point of view. Before the harmonised criteria are introduced in practice, a method for assessing soil damage needs to be developed, in addition to on-site verification of the respective criteria and their possible reorientation.

Health policies rely on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior data collected through PA questionnaires (PAQs). Validity of international PAQs varies among countries. Therefore, it is important to know the validity of the national versions of the PAQs to properly evaluate the results. We conducted a validation study of the Slovenian versions of the International PAQ Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Global PAQ (GPAQ), and the PAQ used in the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS-PAQ) on 306 healthy adults. The most valid and reliable constructs in all tested were sedentary behavior and vigorous PA (VPA), however the criterion validity of these constructs was low (Spearman’s ρ 0.38–0.45 for sedentary behavior and 0.34–0.42 for VPA). Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had low validity (0.26–0.29) despite being used as a standard measure of PA behavior. Participants over-reported MVPA for 17 to 156 min and underreported the sedentary behavior for more than two hours. The test-retest study found high reliability for sedentary behavior (0.69–0.81) and low to moderate reliability for PA behavior (0.42–0.76). The Slovenian versions of the observed PAQs are a useful tool for national PA surveillance, but for qualitative assessment of individual health-related PA behavior they should be combined with accelerometer-based devices.

U sklopu diplomskog rada provedena je anketa na 365 učenika osnovne i 142 učenika srednje škole u kojoj se učenike ispitivalo o svakodnevnim predmetima i pojavama o kojima bi htjeli učiti više u nastavi fizike. Na temelju prikazanih rezultata odabrani su neki najpopularniji odgovori iz svakog pitanja te je u sljedećim poglavljima objašnjen princip rada odabranih svakodnevnih predmeta i pojava te kako bi se oni mogli uklopiti u nastavu fizike. Uočeno je da učenici imaju velik interes za nastavu fizike te da bi trebalo uključiti više primjera iz života u nastavu fizike. Klima uređaj, duga i avion teme su koje je lako uključiti u nastavu fizike dok je 3D printer dosta udaljen od nastavnih sadržaja fizike u školi. As part of the diploma thesis, a questionnaire was conducted on 365 primary school students and 142 secondary school students, in which students were asked about everyday subjects and phenomena that they would like to learn more about in physics teaching. Based on the presented results, some of the most popular answers from each question were selected, and the following chapters explain the principles of work of selected everyday objects and phenomena and how they could fit into the teaching of physics. It was noticed that students have a great interest in physics and more examples from life should be included in physics teaching. Topics such as air conditioning, airplanes and rainbows can easily be included in physics classes, while 3D printers are quite distant from the teaching content of physics in school.

Even though water-related forest ecosystem services are important for forestry and water management sectors, they have different definitions and are regulated differently in each sector, which makes them poorly recognized. How stakeholders from two main sectors (forestry and water management) perceive the importance of water-related forest ecosystem services, the trade-offs between ecosystem services and the effectiveness and implementation of payments schemes related to forest water ecosystem services were our areas of interest. We have conduct surveys with different groups of stakeholders from both sectors in four selected countries (the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia) with a lot of similarities and the potential to learn from each other. The results show that in spite of the spotted differences among analyzed countries, there is a high level of agreement among respondents on all investigated aspects. In addition, even though different payment schemes exist in three of four countries, stakeholders are rarely aware of their existence, or it is better to say that they do not recognize them as payment schemes for ecosystem services because of their names and definitions, which do not clearly define ecosystem services. Mostly, they use bundled services and non-voluntary payments and are designed and implemented by the states. Due to the strong role of states and the low transparency in the existing schemes, we looked at possible conditions reflected through stakeholders’ opinions for overcoming that obstacle for the development of new payment schemes. We found that there is a high level of acceptance of payments schemes as more effective than “command and control” schemes and of the involvement of other stakeholders in decision-making processes as those conditions that can positively influence development of new payment schemes in all four countries. These results give us hope that in spite of the strong role of the state in selected countries, the role of stakeholders will be more acknowledged and, by that, the future schemes will be more harmonized among the sectors and their goals and needs, contributing to its effectiveness as well.

国際交流基金の報告によると、現在クロアチアの中等教育機関では日本語 教育は行われていないということがわかった。なぜクロアチアの中等教育機 関において、日本語教育は行われていないのか。クロアチアの中等教育機関 で日本語教育を行うには、どのような指導が適切か。実際に、地元の高校生 にアンケート調査を行った。すると、アンケートに答えた学生のほとんどが、 日本文化や日本語に対し接触経験を持つと答え、半数以上の生徒が高校で 日本語を勉強したいと回答していた。また、ニーズ調査では、多くの学生が、 趣味上の理由で日本語を習い始めたかったという点から、クロアチアの中等 教育機関で日本語教育を開始する場合、文法積み上げ式の教科書ではな く、Can-do式の教科書を使って学習を行った方がいいと考える。, Trenutno, prema izvješću Japanske fondacije, obrazovanje japanskoga jezika se ne provodi u srednjoškolskom obrazovanju u Hrvatskoj, dok je podučavanje japanskoga jezika široko rasprostranjeno u srednjim školama nekih drugih susjednih država. U ovome radu opisujemo anketu provedenu među učenicima srednjih škola u Hrvatskoj s ciljem upoznavanja potreba, interesa, motivacije, stavova učenika u vezi s japanskim jezikom i kulturom te diskutiramo o rezultatima ankete i mogućim pristupima učenju i podučavanju japanskoga jezika u srednjim školama u Hrvatskoj u budućnosti. Anketa je provedena s lokalnim srednjoškolcima u okviru projekta „Posjete srednjim školama u Hrvatskoj“ koji je osmišljen na Odsjeku za azijske studije Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta Jurja Dobrile u Puli i podržan od strane Japanske fondacije. Većina je učenika rekla da imaju iskustva s japanskim jezikom i kulturom, ponajprije u doticaju s japanskim animiranim crtanima, filmovima, japanskim stripovima i igricama, a više od polovice učenika izjavilo je da bi htjeli učiti japanski u srednjoj školi. Također, rezultati istraživanja potreba učenika ukazuju na to da bi se za podučavanje japanskoga jezika u srednjoškolskim institucijama u Hrvatskoj trebalo koristiti udžbenikom koji sadrži „mogu da“ formulacije (can-do statements) a ne udžbenik zasnovan na gramatici, s obzirom na to da mnogi učenici žele učiti japanski jezik iz hobija, npr. jer žele posjetiti Japan i pričati s Japancima, a ne nužno za potrebe budućega zanimanja., Currently, according to a report from the Japan Foundation, Japanese language education is not being conducted in secondary education in Croatia, while in some neighbouring countries Japanese language learning is much more widespread in secondary schools. This paper describes a questionnaire survey conducted on local high school students in relation to their needs, interests, motivation and attitudes towards the Japanese language and culture, and discusses the results of the questionnaire as well as possible approaches in the introduction of Japanese language education in Croatian secondary schools in the future. The questionnaire was conducted within the scope of the project “Visiting secondary schools in Croatia” that was launched by Department of Asian Studies at the Faculty of Humanities Juraj Dobrila University of Pula and supported by the Japan foundation in 2018. Most of the students have said that they had experiences with Japanese language and culture, mostly having come into contact with Japanese anime, manga and games, and more than half of the students have indicated they would like to study Japanese in their high schools. Also, the survey of needs indicates that a textbook with a can-do approach should be used when starting Japanese language education at secondary school institutions in Croatia instead of a textbook using the grammar build-up approach. This is due to the fact that many students want to start learning Japanese as a hobby due to an interest in visiting Japan and communicating with Japanese people, and not to use it particularly for their future profession.

Splošno veljavna, predvsem pa v stroki sprejeta merila sprejemljive poškodovanosti tal po gozdni proizvodnji so predpogoj za učinkovito varovanje gozdnih tal in objektiven nadzor nad kakovostjo izvedbe gozdnih del. V raziskavi znotraj gozdarske stroke smo preverili sprejemljivost meril, ki so jih na osnovi dosedanjih raziskav predlagali Poje in sodelavci (2019). Anketiranje je bilo opravljeno na 35. Gozdarskih študijskih dnevih, kjer je na anketo odgovorilo 62 udeležencev iz različnih ustanov. Rezultati ankete so pokazali, da so usklajena merila strožja od predlaganih ter da se ocene po posameznih kazalnikih znotraj meril razlikujejo med deležniki. Po predlogu usklajenih meril je dopustna odprtost z vlakami 192 m/ha, s sečnimi potmi pa dodatnih 193 m/ha. Največja globina kolesnic na vlakah ne sme presegati 30 cm, na sečnih poteh pa 20 cm. Največja globina kolesnic na 90 % dolžine vseh sečnih poti na delovišču naj ne presega 10 cm. Tudi na osnovi rezultatov drugih študij se zdi predlog usklajenih meril smiseln in primeren s tehnološkega, ekonomskega in ekološkega vidika. Pred uvajanjem usklajenih meril v prakso je poleg njihovega preverjanja na terenu in morebitnega ponovnega usklajevanja treba nujno razviti metodo za ocenjevanje poškodovanosti. Generally applicable and professionally applied criteria for acceptable soil damage after forest operations are a prerequisite for efficient forest soil protection and objective control of the quality of forest operations. This research took the form of a survey conducted among forestry experts to examine the acceptability of the criteria proposed by Poje et al. (2019) on the basis of previous studies. The survey was conducted on the 35th Forestry Study Days Conference and involved 62 respondents from different institutions. The results of the survey showed that the harmonised criteria are stricter than the proposed criteria and that the assessments by individual indicators within the criteria vary between stakeholders. According to the proposed harmonised criteria, a density of 192 m/ha with skid trails and an additional 193 m/ha with harvester trails is allowed. The maximum rut depth in skid and harvester trails shall not exceed 30 cm and 20 cm, respectively. The maximum rut depth on 90% of the length of all harvester trails at the logging location shall not exceed 10 cm. Based on the results of other studies, the proposal for harmonised criteria also appears to be reasonable and appropriate from a technological, economic and environmental point of view. Before the harmonised criteria are introduced in practice, a method for assessing soil damage needs to be developed, in addition to on-site verification of the respective criteria and their possible reorientation.

V magistrski nalogi smo raziskovali vpliv telesne dejavnosti na potek nosečnosti in poroda. Vzorec je vključeval 77 nosečnic v obdobju 1 meseca po porodu. Kriterij za delitev v dve skupini je bila pogostost, intenzivnost, količina in tip telesne dejavnosti. Prva, eksperimentalna skupina obsega 44 telesno dejavnih nosečnic, ki so bile med nosečnostjo vsaj štirikrat tedensko telesno dejavne več kot 30 minut na vadbeno enoto. Intenzivnost na vadbeni enoti je bila vsaj srednja poleg hoje so izbrale še eno vrsto telesne dejavnosti. Druga, kontrolna skupina je obsegala 33 žensk, ki so bile med nosečnostjo telesno dejavne trikrat tedensko ali manj ter 30 minut ali manj na vadbeno enoto intenzivnost je bila lahka izbrale niso nobene ali samo eno vrsto telesne dejavnosti. Podatki so bili obdelani z računalniškim paketom IBM SPSS 25. Vse hipoteze smo preverjali na ravni 5 odstotkov statističnega tveganja (p ≤ 0,05). Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov in statistične analize smo lahko potrdili le prvo hipotezo: telesna dejavnost med nosečnostjo ne vpliva na trajanje nosečnosti. Ostalih pet hipotez, ki navajajo, da telesna dejavnost med nosečnostjo zmanjšuje skupno pridobljeno telesno maso ženske v nosečnosti, poveča telesno maso novorojenčka, skrajšuje čas trajanja poroda in zmanjšuje možnost zapletov, zmanjšuje stopnjo bolečine po VAS lestvici ter vpliva na manjšo uporabo sredstev za lajšanje porodnih bolečin, nismo mogli potrditi, saj med preiskovanima skupinama ni statistično značilnih razlik. Telesna dejavnosti torej nima glavnega vpliva na potek nosečnosti in poroda. Pomemben je tudi zdrav način življenja, kjer so vsakodnevno na jedilniku zdrava prehrana, dobro psihično počutje brez uživanja škodljivih substanc v kombinaciji z redno telesno dejavnostjo. This master's thesis focuses on the influence of physical activity in the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The sample included 77 pregnant women in the one-month period after childbirth. The criteria for division into two groups were frequency, intensity, time and type of physical activity. The first, experimental group comprised of 44 pregnant women who were physically active for more than 30 minutes per exercise unit at least four times a week during pregnancy. The intensity on the exercise unit was at least medium. In addition to walking, they chose another type of physical activity. The second, control group consisted of 33 women who were physically active three times a week or less during pregnancy and 30 minutes or less per exercise unit. The intensity was light but they chose none or only one type of physical activity. Data were processed with the IBM SPSS 25 computer package. All hypotheses were tested on the level of 5-percent statistical risk (p ≤ 0.05). Based on the obtained results and statistical analysis, we could only confirm the first hypothesis: physical activity during pregnancy does not affect the duration of pregnancy. The other five hypotheses that state that physical activity during pregnancy reduces a woman's total body weight during pregnancy increases the weight of the newborn, shortens the duration of labor and reduces the possibility of complications, reduces the level of pain on the VAS scale, and reduces the use of painkillers could not be confirmed as there are no statistically significant differences between the study groups. Physical activity, therefore, has no major impact on the course of pregnancy and childbirth. It is important to have a healthy lifestyle where a healthy diet and mental well-being without the use of harmful substances in combination with regular physical activity is a part of every day.

Diplomsko delo obravnava pridelavo in uporabo ajde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) v svetu, EU in Sloveniji. Kljub razliki v botanični pripadnosti z žiti, ajdo v kmetijstvu pogosto uvrščamo med žita, saj jo pridelujemo in uporabljamo na enak način. Na slovenskem ozemlju je bila pisno omenjena že leta 1426. Stoletja je prispevala k večji prehranski varnosti, v 20. stoletju pa se je začela umikati rodnejšim poljščinam, kot sta koruza in pšenica. V zadnjih letih je za ajdo ponovno večje zanimanje, saj so ljudje naveličani enolične in industrijsko pripravljene hrane. Stare ljudi ajda spominja na otroštvo in dobre stare čase. S pomočjo statističnih podatkov FAOSTAT smo analizirali zemljišča, namenjena pridelavi ajde in količino pridelka v svetu, EU in Sloveniji. Na svetu so največje pridelovalke ajde Kitajska, Rusija in Ukrajina. Kitajska letno pridela okoli 1.200.000 ton ajde, Slovenija pa 3.225 ton. V Sloveniji je pridelavi ajde namenjenih 3.475 hektarjev zemljišč. Na anketiranih kmetijah je običajno od 4 do 7 članov, starih od 60 do 69 let. Socialno-ekonomski status kmetije je mešana kmetija, saj je vsaj eden izmed članov zaposlen zunaj kmetijstva. Zaradi zdrave prehrane in čistejšega okolja se je večina odločila za ekološki pristop k gojenju. Povsod se zemljišča z ajdo povečujejo, kar pomeni, da ljudje dajejo več pozornosti prehranjevanju in se zavedajo samooskrbe z ajdo. Največ anketiranih kmetij ima od 1 do 10 hektarjev obdelovalnih površin, pridelovanju ajde namenijo do enega hektara. Povprečen hektarski pridelek znaša 1 t/ha. Ajdo sejejo kot strniščni posevek, najpogosteje za žiti. Najpogosteje uporabljena sorta je 'Darja'. Uporablja jo 39 anketiranih pridelovalcev ajde. Največ težav pri pridelavi imajo z divjadjo in ptiči. Ajdo kot rastlino pozna 67 anketiranih kmetov. Največ anketirancev (66) od izdelkov pozna ajdov kruh. Najbolj prepoznavna jed so ajdovi žganci (69 anketirancev). Obrok, v katerega vključujejo ajdo, so najpogosteje kosila (23 anketirancev). Največ anketirancev (56) izdelke iz ajde kupuje v trgovini. Največ anketirancev (23) posega po izdelkih iz ekološke pridelave. The thesis deals with the production and use of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in the world and Slovenia. Despite the difference in botanical classification, buckwheat is often included in the same group as cereals due to their similarity in production and use. In Slovenia, the earliest written mention of buckwheat dates back to 1426. At that time, the growing of buckwheat spread widely in order to secure food sufficiency, however, it was soon substituted by more productive and richer crops such as corn and wheat.Nonetheless, there has been a lot of interest in buckwheat in recent years because people have become dissatisfied with unvaried and industrially prepared food. Buckwheat often reminds people of their childhood and the good old times. With the help of statistics, I analyzed the areas planned for buckwheat growing and the amount of buckwheat produce in the world and Slovenia. In the world, buckwheat fields are expanding, which indicates that people are becoming increasingly more aware of what they eat. The same is true for Europe and Slovenia. In my opinion, there is a lot of demand for buckwheat because of its healthy qualities, therefore, people are more conscious of the importance of its production. China, Russia and Ukraine are the largest producers of buckwheat in the world. China produces approximately 1,200.000 tonnes of buckwheat annually, meanwhile Slovenia produces close to 3.225 tonnes. In Slovenia, 3,475 hectares of land are intended for buckwheat growing. On the surveyed farms, there are usually from 4 to 7 members from the age 60 to 69. The socio-economic status of the farm is a mixed farm as at least one of the members is employed outside the field of agriculture. Because of a healthy diet and cleaner environment, the majority have decided for anecological approach to growing. Most of the surveyed farms have from 1 to 10 hectares of arable land with up to 1 hectare intended for buckwheat. The average harvest per hectare is 1 tonne. Buckwheat is sowed as a stubble crop, frequently after cereals. The most commonly used variety is Darja. Birds and forest animals present the most issues for buckwheat growing. Buckwheat is known as a plant by 67 surveyed farmers. Most respondents (66) know about buckwheat bread. The most recognizable dish is buckwheat mash (69 respondents). Meals that include buckwheat are most often lunches (23 respondents). Most respondents (56) buy buckwheat products in stores. Most respondents (23) use organic products.

Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati mišljenje mladih potrošača (studenata) o učestalosti kupovine i konzumacije pilećeg mesa, te utjecaju zamrzavanja mesa na njegovu kakvoća. Prikupljanje podataka je provedeno metodom ankete gdje je kao instrument korišten anketni upitnik. Anketni upitnik sastojao se od 15 pitanja. Dio pitanja se odnosio na demografske pokazatelje, a dio na učestalost kupovine i konzumacije pilećeg mesa, te utjecaj zamrzavanja na njegovu kakvoću. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 156 studenata preddiplomskih i diplomskih studija s tri sastavnice Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku. U anketi su sudjelovali ispitanici u dobi od 18 do 25 godina, a prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 21 godina. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, 79 ih je bilo sa sela, dok je 77 bilo iz grada. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da mladi potrošači najčešće kupuju meso u supermarketima, i to prsa i batake sa zabatacima. Također, mladi ispitanici smatraju da zamrznuto meso nije sigurnije za upotrebu u odnosu na svježe te da zamrzavanje ima negativan utjecaj na kakvoću mesa. Nadalje, smatraju da zamrzavanje najviše utječe na promjenu mirisa i okusa mesa. Rezultati provedene ankete mogu poslužiti kao okvir za buduća istraživanja drugih grupa ispitanika (različite dobne skupine) o mišljenju da li zamrzavanje mesa ima utjecaj na njegovu kakvoću., The aim of the research was to analyse the opinion of young consumers (students) on the frequency of purchase and consumption of chicken meat, and the impact of freezing on quality of its meat. Data collection was conducted using a survey method where a survey questionnaire was used as an instrument. The survey questionnaire consisted of 15 questions, where part of the survey questions was related to demographic characteristics, and part to the frequency of purchase and consumption of chicken meat, together with the impact of freezing on its quality. The questionnaire was conducted on 156 undergraduate and graduate students from three different institutions, parts of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek. Age of participants was from 18 to 25 with average of 21 years. Out of 156 participants, 79 were from the rural area and 77 from the urban area. The results showed that young consumers usually buy chicken meat in supermarkets, mostly breasts and drumsticks with thighs. They also think that frozen meat is not safer than fresh and that freezing has a negative impact on meat quality. Furthermore, they think that greatest impact of freezing on chicken meat is deterioration of the smell and taste of meat. The results obtained in this survey can serve as a basis for future research on other consumer groups (different age groups) about their opinion on impact of freezing on chicken meat quality.questionnaire, consumers, quality, chicken meat, freezing, Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Meinung junger Verbraucher (Studenten) über die Häufigkeit des Kaufs und des Verzehrs von Hühnerfleisch sowie über die Auswirkungen des Einfrierens auf die Qualität des Fleisches zu analysieren. Die Datenerhebung wurde mit Hilfe einer Umfrage durchgeführt, bei der ein Fragebogen als Instrument eingesetzt wurde. Der Fragebogen bestand aus 15 Fragen, wobei sich ein Teil der Fragen auf demografische Merkmale bezog und der andere Teil auf die Häufigkeit des Kaufs und des Verzehrs von Hühnerfleisch sowie die Auswirkungen des Einfrierens auf die Fleischqualität. Der Fragebogen wurde unter 156 Studenten und Doktoranden aus drei verschiedenen Einrichtungen der Universität Josip Juraj Strossmayer in Osijek ausgefüllt. Das Alter der Teilnehmer lag zwischen 18 und 25 Jahren mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 21 Jahren. Von den 156 Teilnehmern stammten 79 aus dem ländlichen und 77 aus dem städtischen Raum. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass junge Verbraucher in der Regel Hähnchenfleisch in Supermärkten kaufen, vor allem Brüste und Keulen mit Schenkeln. Sie sind auch der Meinung, dass gefrorenes Fleisch nicht sicherer ist als frisches und dass sich das Einfrieren negativ auf die Fleischqualität auswirkt. Darüber hinaus sind sie der Meinung, dass die größte Auswirkung des Einfrierens auf Hühnerfleisch die Verschlechterung des Geruchs und des Geschmacks des Fleisches ist. Die Ergebnisse dieser Umfrage können als Grundlage für künftige Untersuchungen bei anderen Verbrauchergruppen (verschiedenen Altersgruppen) über deren Meinung zu den Auswirkungen des Einfrierens auf die Qualität von Hühnerfleisch dienen., El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la opinión de los consumidores jóvenes (los estudiantes) sobre la frecuencia de la compra y el consumo de la carne de pollo, y el impacto de la congelación de la carne en su calidad. La recolección de los datos fue realizada mediante un método de encuesta en el que fue utilizado la encuesta de cuestionario como instrumento. La encuesta de cuestionario constaba de 15 preguntas. Una parte de las preguntas estaba relacionada con los indicadores demográficos y otra parte con la frecuencia de la compra y del consumo de la carne de pollo y el impacto de la congelación en su calidad. La investigación se llevó a cabo con una muestra de 156 estudiantes de licenciatura y de máster de tres constituyentes de la Universidad de Josip Juraj Strossmayer en Osijek. Los encuestados que participaron en la encuesta tenían entre 18 y 25 años y la edad media de los encuestados fue 21 años. Del número total de los encuestados, 79 eran de la aldea, mientras que 77 eran de la ciudad. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que los consumidores jóvenes compran la carne en los supermercados con mayor frecuencia, en concreto, la pechuga de pollo y la pierna de pollo con contramuslos. Además, los encuestados jóvenes creen que la carne congelada no es más segura para usar que la fresca y que la congelación tiene un impacto negativo en la calidad de carne. Además, creen que la congelación tiene el mayor efecto en cambiar el olor y el sabor de la carne. Los resultados de la encuesta pueden servir como un marco para futuras investigaciones de otros grupos de los encuestados (diferentes grupos de edad) sobre su opinión si la congelación de la carne tiene un impacto en su calidad., La ricerca aveva lo scopo di sondare l’opinione dei giovani consumatori (studenti) sulla frequenza d’acquisto e di consumazione della carne di pollo e sull’impatto della surgelazione della carne sulla sua qualità. La raccolta dei dati è avvenuta col metodo del sondaggio d’opinione, utilizzando un apposito questionario. Il questionario era composto da 15 quesiti. Parte dei quesiti riguardava gli indicatori demografici, un’altra parte la frequenza d’acquisto e di consumazione della carne di pollo e l’impatto della surgelazione sulla sua qualità. La ricerca è stata svolta su un campione di 156 studenti universitari di 1° e 2° livello iscritti a tre differenti facoltà dell’Università degli studi “Juraj Strossmayer” della città di Osijek. Al sondaggio hanno partecipato consumatori d’età compresa tra i 18 ed i 25 anni, mentre la loro età media era di 21 anni. Tra essi, 79 provenivano da un contesto abitativo rurale, mentre i restanti 77 provenivano da un contesto urbano. I risultati della ricerca hanno dimostrato che i giovani consumatori acquistano la carne di pollo, prevalentemente petto e fusi con sovracosce, con maggior frequenza nei supermercati. I giovani consumatori intervistati sono dell’opinione che la carne surgelata non sia più sicura rispetto a quella fresca e che il processo di surgelazione abbia un impatto negativo sulla qualità della carne. Inoltre, ritengono che la surgelazione alteri soprattutto l’odore ed il sapore della carne. I risultati del sondaggio svolto posso servire come quadro di riferimento per future ricerche di altri gruppi di consumatori (di differenti fasce d’età) riguardo all’opinione se il processo di surgelazione della carne incida o meno sulla sua qualità.

Opisan je način rada algoritma evidencijskog zaključivanja sa određenom razinom nesigurnosti u podacima. Izrađena je web aplikacija pomoću koje se prikupljaju podaci koji unose pristupnici prilikom anketiranja. Pristupnici su podijeljeni u tri grupe, a to su učenici, studenti, zaposlenici. Pitanja sadržana u anketi isto se dijele na četiri grupe, a to su učestalost, sigurnost, uvjerenje i važnost. Napisan je algoritam koji podatke prikupljene anketiranjem obrađuje evidencijskim zaključivanjem uz određenu razinu sigurnosti u podacima. Rezultati ankete obrađeni su standardnim statističkim metodama i algoritmima evidencijskog zaključivanja, te su dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni. This final paper describes work mode of algorithm for evidential reasoning with a certian level of uncertainty in the data. It's created a web application to collect data entered by applicants during the survey. Respondents are divided into three groups: pupils, students, and employees. Survey questions are divided into four groups: frequency, safety, belief and importance. Algorithm is written that processes the data collected by the survey by the evidential reasoning with a certain level of securty in the data. The results of the survey were processed by standard statistical methods and algorithms of evidential reasoning and obtained results were compared.

Cilj ovog rada je procijeniti znanje djelatnika i ozračje sigurnosti hrane u odabranim studentskim kantinama u Hrvatskoj, Portugalu i Mađarskoj ispunjavanjem modificiranih verzija upitnika dostupnih u znanstvenim publikacijama. Obrada podataka za svaku od navedenih zemalja provedena je prethodno, a u ovom radu uspoređuje se ozračje i znanje djelatnika o sigurnosti hrane svih triju zemalja analizom 528 važećih upitnika, identificira se profil zaposlenika i objekata s obzirom na percepciju i znanje o sigurnosti hrane te utvrđuju manjkavosti u znanju djelatnika studentskih kantina. Postotak znanja o sigurnosti hrane ispitanika iznosi 53,6 %, pri čemu su najbolje rezultate ostvarili ispitanici iz Hrvatske (57,8 %), s obzirom na Portugal i Mađarsku (43,4 % i 45,1 %). Percepcija ozračja o sigurnosti hrane u objektima podjednako je dobra u sve tri države. Utvrđeno je da djelatnici koji su prošli obuku o sigurnosti hrane imaju više znanje o sigurnosti hrane i bolje percipiraju ozračje u objektima. The goal of this paper was to assess employee knowledge and food safety climate in a selection of student canteens in Croatia, Portugal and Hungary. This is achieved via modified questionnaires available in scientific publications. Data for each of the aforementioned countries have been analysed beforehand. This paper compares the atmosphere to the employee knowledge in food safety in each of the countries. Using the 528 valid questionnaires, employee and object profile is identified as it relates to differences between perception and knowledge on food safety as it was demonstrated by the employees. Deficiencies in employee knowledge are identified. The knowledge percentage average among all of the states is 53,6 %. Croatia had the best result (57,8 %), with results in Portugal and Hungary being slightly lower (43,4 % and 45,1 %, respectively). Food safety climate perception is roughly equal in all three countries. The paper concludes that trained personnel are more knowledgeable and have better perception of the food safety climate in their objects.

Prijateljstvo psa i čovjeka traje već tisućama godina, a danas psi imaju važnu ulogu u životima ljudi. Hranidba je jedan od najznačajnijih čimbenika za pravilan razvoj, rast i zdravstveno stanje psa. Pravilna hranidba za psa je ona koja psu osigurava podmirenje svih potreba za hranom i energijom. Odabir načina hranidbe najviše ovisi o vlasniku i njegovim uvjerenjima, a najvažnije je da pruža psu uravnotežen i kvalitetan obrok, te da odgovara njegovim potrebama. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi obilježja hranidbe pasa među uzgajivačima i vlasnicima u Osječko-baranjskoj i Brodsko-posavskoj županiji. U istraživanju su korišteni anonimni anketni upitnici koje su ispunili uzgajivači i vlasnici pasa s područja Osječko-baranjske i Brodsko-posavske županije u razdoblju od kraja siječnja do početka svibnja 2019. godine. Podijeljeno je 280 upitnika, a vraćeno je 216 što je odaziv od 77,1%. U statističku obradu je ušlo 197 upitnika koji su bili cjelovito popunjeni prema uputama. Kombinirana hranidba najzastupljenija je vrsta hrane među uzgajivačima ili vlasnicima pasa (84,8%). U hranjenju psa najčešće sudjeluju svi članovi kućanstva (53,3%). Istraživanje je pokazalo kako je izvor pitke vode psu dostupan po volji u većini slučajeva (94,9). Istraživanje je pokazalo kako većina ispitanika ne koristi dodatke hranidbi u obroku psa (54,8%). Među svim ispitanicima bilo je 93,4% onih koji psa hrane gotovom hranom za pse. Suha gotova hrana za pse je izbor za najveći broj anketiranih uzgajivača ili vlasnika pasa (47,7%). Prilikom kupovine gotove hrane za psa, ispitanici najčešće biraju robnu marku (67,4%). Među svim ispitanicima bilo je 59,4% onih koji psa hrane ostacima hrane iz kućanstva. Među svim ispitanicima bilo je 61,9% onih koji psa hrane kostima, te je većina koristila kuhane ili pečene kosti (63,2%). Uvidom u rezultate ankete možemo zaključiti kako je hranidba pasa na području Osječko-baranjske i Brodsko-posavske županije zadovoljavajuća, iako ima mjesta za napredak i poboljšanje. Razumijevanje hranjivih tvari je ključno za primjenu kvalitetnije hranidbe. Veterinari te nutricionisti bi trebali biti više uključeni u hranidbu pasa, te svoje znanje prenositi na uzgajivače ili vlasnike pasa., Friendship between the dog and human has been around for thousands of years, and today dogs play an important role in people's lives. Feeding is one of the most important factors for the proper development, growth and health of a dog. Proper feeding for the dog is one that ensures the dog meets all the food and energy needs. The choice of feeding method depends most on the owner and his beliefs, but most importantly it that feeding provides the dog with a balanced and quality meal which suits his needs. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of dog feeding among breeders and owners in Osijek-Baranja and Brod-Posavina counties. The survey used anonymous survey questionnaires completed by breeders and dog owners from the Osijek-Baranja and Brod-Posavina counties between late January and early May 2019. 280 questionnaires were distributed and 216 returned, which is a 77.1% response rate. Statistical analysis included 197 questionnaires, which were completely completed according to the instructions. Combined feeding is the most prevalent type of food among breeders or dog owners (84.8%). The majority of household members participate in dog feeding (53.3%). Research has shown that drinking water is available to the dog ad libitum in most cases (94.9%). The study found that the majority of respondents did not use nutritional supplements in their dog meal (54.8%). Among all respondents, there were 93.4% of those who fed dogs with commercial dog food. Dry commercial dog food is the choice for the largest number of breeders or dog owners (47.7%). When buying commercial dog food, the respondents most often choose the brand (67.4%). Among all respondents, there were 59.4% of those who feed the dog with household leftovers. Among all respondents, there were 61.9% of those who fed their dogs with bones, and the majority of them used cooked or baked bones (63.2%). Looking at the results of the survey, we can conclude that dog feeding in the Osijek-Baranja and Brod-Posavina county is satisfactory, although there is certainly space for improvement. Understanding nutrients is key to applying better nutrition. Veterinarians and nutritionists should be more involved in dogs feeding and pass on their knowledge to breeders or dog owners.

Rdeči čaj je vrsta čaja s številnimi zanimivimi posebnostmi, med katerimi najbolj izstopajo naslednje: ne vsebuje teina, ima visok delež skupnih fenolnih spojin ter visok antioksidativni potencial, zaradi nizkega deleža taninov ni izrazito grenkega okusa ter izvira iz južne Afrike. Glavni namen dela je bil določiti vsebnost skupnih fenolnih spojin in antioksidativne učinkovitosti v vzorcih rdečega čaja višje kakovosti ter z anketo ugotoviti, kako dobro poznajo in koliko uporabljajo rdeči čaj potrošniki iz Slovenije in Španije. Kemijsko analizo smo opravili na šestih vzorcih mešanic rdečega čaja in dodatkov, enemu vzorcu rdečega čaja višje kakovosti ter vzorcu zelenega čaja višje kakovosti kot primerjavo. Anketo o prepoznavnosti in uporabi rdečega čaja smo pripravili na spletni strani www.1ka.si ter rezultate obdelali z osnovnimi statističnimi testi. Na podlagi rezultatov analiz kemijskih parametrov smo prišli do zaključka, da sta v vzorcih rdečega čaja z dodatki antioksidativna učinkovitost ter vsebnost skupnih fenolnih spojin višja kot v vzorcu samega rdečega čaja in vzorcu zelenega čaja. Razlikovale so se tudi vrednosti analiziranih parametrov med posameznimi vzorci mešanic rdečega čaja. Z izračunom korelacijskega koeficienta smo potrdili, da sta antioksidativna učinkovitost in vsebnost skupnih fenolnih spojin med seboj povezani, saj višja vrednost enega parametra pomeni tudi višjo vrednost drugega. Rezultati ankete so pokazali, da med odgovori Slovencev in Špancev ni bilo večjih razlik, razen to, da večji odstotek Špancev pozna rdeči čaj in da ga pogosteje uživajo kot Slovenci. Rooibos tea is a sort of tea with many interesting features among which the most outstanding are the following: it does not contain theine, it has high total phenolic content and high antioxidant potential, because of low tannin status, it does not have distinct bitter taste and it originates from South Africa. The aim of this work was to determine total phenolic content and antioxidant efficiency in samples of rooibos tea of high quality and to find out, with the help of questionnaire, how well do consumers from Slovenia and Spain know rooibos tea and how frequently do they consume it. With the chemical analysis six samples, which contained mixtures with rooibos teas and herbs, one sample of rooibos tea of high quality and one sample of green tea of high quality were evaluated. We prepared the questionnaire about recognition and usage of rooibos tea on website www.1ka.si and the results were analysed with basics statistical tests. Based on the results of chemical analysis we concluded that the samples of rooibos teas with herbs had higher antioxidant efficiency and higher total phenolic content than samples of rooibos tea and green tea, respectively. The differences in analysed parameters were also observed among samples of mixtures with rooibos tea. The correlation coefficient showed that total phenolic content and antioxidant efficiency are strongly related, because higher content of one parameter also means higher content of the second parameter. Results of questionnaire did not show bigger differences between answers of Slovenians and Spaniards. The biggest difference was that the higher percentage of Spanish consumers have heard about rooibos tea and they also consume it more often than Slovenians.

Title: Coach of sprinters Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to assess whether the opinions of the athletic sprint trainers are consistent with what the literature refers to sprint`s training in general and sprint`s training for the U17 category. Next, try to present the model characteristics of a young coach of sprinters. Methods: Eighty five athletic trainers were approached who train at least one sprinter and have at least the 3rd coaching class qualification. I received answers from 41 of them. The survey method was used to determine opinions. The survey was based on previous studied literature. Internet server vypln.to was used for data collection. Coaches were approached by email and facebook. The analyzed data were evaluated verbally, in tables and graphs. Results: All coaches agreed that two-way communication is important not only about training, but also for example about school, family ect. Eighty eight percent of coaches confirmed with the basics of training planning and 98 % of coaches agreed on the importance of training evaluation. However, 53 % of them said that they cooperate with the mentee in planning and only 51 % use special tests to determine the sprinter's training status. More than half of the trainers checked the possibility of organizing the warm-up and regeneration of...

V okviru diplomskega dela smo raziskovali področje lovskih oblačil za teren. Podatke smo pridobili z različnih virov. Na podlagi analize ponudbe lovskih oblačil v Avstriji, Italiji in Skandinavskih državah smo se seznanili s pestrostjo oblačil, ki imajo številne funkcionalne dodatke in detajle ter vključene tkanine z lastnostmi, ki pripomorejo k udobju lovcev na terenu. V drugem delu raziskave smo izvedli osebne ankete, na podlagi katerih smo prejeli informacije lovcev, ki delujejo na terenu. Iz ankete je bilo razvidno da so lovci zadovoljni z dosedanjimi oblačili, poudarjajo, da si želijo zaščito pred vremenskimi in mehanskimi vplivi. Glede krojev oblačil si želijo sproščene kroje, ki omogočajo boljše gibanje ter enostavne in funkcionalne detajle. Na podlagi raziskave smo oblikovali dve oblačilni podobi in pripravili skice z opisi ključnih detajlov. The purpose of this thesis was to research hunting clothing used for field work. We have collected the data with the help of different sources. Based on the analysis of the offer of hunting clothing in Austria, Italy and the Scandinavian countries, we have familiarised ourselves with the variety of clothes that have many functional accessories, details and fabrics with characteristics that help hunters be more comfortable in the field. In the second part of the research, we gave out questionnaires, based on which we have collected information from hunters that work in the field. The questionnaires indicated that hunters are satisfied with the clothing so far, but they stress that they would prefer the protection against the weather and mechanical influence. They would prefer the clothing to have more relaxed cuts that would allow better movement, as well as simple and functional details. Based on this research we have designed two clothing images and prepared sketches with the descriptions of key details. The prepared contents will be offered to the company Prevent&Deloza d.o.o., which also gave us some basis data for the development of the models for this area of working clothes.

Problem validnosti je centralna tema našeg rada. Konkretno, zanima nas merenje nivoa autoritarnosti u empirijskom istraživanju. Želimo da ukažemo na potencijalni doprinos kvalitativnog pristupa ovom problemu. Pažnja je posvećena samo jednom indikatoru: „Bez vođe je svaki narod kao čovek bez glave”. Ovo pitanje je korišćeno u nizu domaćih i međunarodnih istraživanja u poslednjih nekoliko decenija (South-East European S ocial S urvey Project). Ono je početna tačka našeg kvalitativnog istraživanja. Cilj kvalitativnog istraživanja je bolje razumevanje značenja koje ispitanici pridaju navedenoj tvrdnji. Kroz polustrukturisane intervjue došli smo do dubljeg uvida u interpretacije i odgovore na L ikertovoj skali. Iako je kvalitativno istraživanje sprovedeno na relativno malom (kvotnom) uzorku od 20 ispitanika/ca, smatramo da su podaci interesantni i relevantni. R ezultati se javljaju kao izvesna vrsta dopune ili korektiva velike količine kvantitativnih podataka koji su do sada prikupljeni. The problem of validity is the central theme of our work. In particular, we are interested in measuring the level of authoritarianism in empirical research. We want to point out the potential contribution of a qualitative approach to this problem. Attention is devoted to only one indicator: „Without leaders, every nation(ality) is like a man without a head”. This question has been used in a series of domestic and international research in the last few decades (South- East European S ocial S urvey Project). It is the starting point of our qualitative research. The goal of qualitative research is to better understand the meaning that respondents attach to the above statement. Through semi-structured interviews, we got a deeper insight into the interpretations and answers on the Likert scale. Although the qualitative research was carried out on a relatively small (quota) sample of 20 respondents, we consider the data to be interesting and relevant. The results appear as some kind of supplement or correction of a large amount of quantitative data that have been collected so far.

Dekubitus ili vrijed je poznat odavna. Pronađen je na egipatskim mumijama. Danas je prisutan kod teških, nepokretnih bolesnika i bolesnika bez svijesti. Bolesti dugotrajnoga ležanja uzrokuju neugodu i bol, smanjuju kvalitetu života, produljuju boravak bolesnika u bolnici i povećavaju troškove. Neurološki bolesnici, sedirani ili dementni bolesnici, nesposobni su samostalno mijenjati položaj tijela, a svaka privremena ili trajna imobilnost doprinosi mogućnosti nastanka dekubitusa. Prevencija dekubitusa je relativno skupa, no mnogo jeftinija od liječenja. Ovim radom su istraživana mišljenja medicinskih sestara i tehničara o dekubitusu, njegovoj pojavnosti kod neurološkog pacijenta, rizičnim čimbenicima i prevenciji. Istraživanje je provedeno u Općoj bolnici Varaždin na Odjelu neurologije na 60 ispitanika, različitih dobnih skupina i radnog iskustva. Anoniman i dobrovoljan anketni upitnik koristio se samo za potrebe ovoga rada. Ovim istraživanjem željelo se dobiti uvid u mišljenje medicinskih sestara/tehničara na odjelu Neurologije o učestalosti pojave dekubitusa kod neuroloških bolesnika, rizičnim čimbenicima za nastanak dekubitusa i prevenciji istog. Istraživanje koje sam provodila dalo je zadovoljavajuće rezultate, međutim i dalje smatram da je liječenje dekubitusa vrlo skupo, te da treba obratiti pažnju na pojavu dekubitusa te njegovu prevenciju. Potrebna je stalna edukacija medicinskih sestra/tehničara o prevenciji, pojavi i liječenju dekubitusa. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 48 žena i 12 muškaraca, od čega 48 SSS i 12 VŠS. U istraživačkome radu došla sam do saznanja da medicinske sestre/tehničari smatraju da se dekubitus može prevenirati. Kao najbolju preventivnu mjeru smatraju okretanje bolesnika, to je ujedno najjeftinija i uvijek dostupna metoda, dok se na drugome mjestu nalazi antidekubitalni madrac. Polovica ispitanika se slaže sa tvrdnjom da je neurološka bolest predisponirajući faktor za nastanak dekubitusa, ali isto tako da je moguće spriječiti isti. Najviše ispitanika kao važne čimbenike za nastanak dekubitusa smatraju unutarnje faktore. Medicinsko osoblje Odjela neurologije svjesno je važnosti okretanja pacijenta i postojanja plana okretanja pacijenta. Čak 92% ispitanika svakodnevno u radu koriste liste za praćenje dekubitusa. U radu postavljam hipoteze koje pomoću Hi – kvadrat testa potvrđujem ili opovrgavam. Također uspoređujem razmišljanja medicinskih sestra/tehničara s obzirom na njihovu školsku spremu. Bez obzira na srednjoškolsko i visokoškolsko obrazovanje, gotovo svi ispitanici se slažu da je dekubitus češća pojava kod bolesnika sa neurološkim bolestima. S obzirom na školsku spremu nema značajnih razlika nizmeđu empirijskih i teorijskih vrijednosti. Hipoteze u radu su potvrđene. Decubitus or decubital ulcer is known for a long time. It was found on Egyptian mummies. Today is present in immobile and unconscious patients. Pressure injuries cause discomfort and pain, decrease quality of life and increase patient lenght of stay and health care costs. Neurological, sedated or demented patients are unable to reposition themselves and every temporary or permanent immobility increases the possibility of decubitus. Prevention of pressure ulcer is relatively expensive, but also much cheaper than its treatment. This thesis deals with knowledge of nurses about decubitus, its prevalence in neurological patients, risk factors and prevention. Research was conducted in General hospital Varaždin at Neurological ward on 60 participants, different age groups and work experience. Questionnaire was used only for purpose of this thesis, it is anonymous and voluntary. The purpose of this research paper was to get insight into opinions of the medical staff on Neurological ward about prevalence, risk factors and prevention of pressure ulcer. The collected results were satisfactory. However, I still think that treatment of pressure ulcer is expensive, so it is crucial to pay attention to first signs of decubitus and its prevention. Continuous education is nessesary. 48 women and 12 men were included in this research, 48 participans with high school level of education and 12 with college degree. In this thesis I came to the conclusion that medical staff thinks that decubitus can be prevented. The best preventon measure in their opinion is repositioning, while anti decubitus matress takes second place. Half of the participants agrees that neurological disease is a risk factor for the occurence of pressure ulcer. Most of the participants think that number one risk factors are internal ones. Medical staff on the Neurological ward is aware of importance is repositioning and making of the repositioning plan. 92% participants in their everyday work uses decubitus tracinkg lists. In this research paper I set up hypothesis, wich I confirm or deny, using the Hi - square test. Also, I compare thougts of the medical staff depending on the level of education that they have. No matter what the level of education is, almost all the participants agree that the pressure ulcer is more common in neurological patients. Regarding to education, there is no significant difference between empirical and theoretical values. In this reshearch paper all the hypotesis are confirmed.

V magistrskem delu je predstavljena metoda anketiranja za zajemanje podatkov in stališč o kakovosti mobilnosti v urbanih območjih. Predstavljen je proces planiranja prometa v mestih, ter izvajanje monitoringa in evalvacij za vrednotenje procesa trajnostnega načrtovanja. Za potrebe monitoringa in evalvacij se izvajajo anketni vprašalniki. Od tod je izhajal raziskovalni problem. Problem se je nanašal na vrste anketnih vprašalnikov, ki se uporabljajo za zajemanje podatkov in stališč o mobilnosti, ter na to kako jih smiselno strukturirati, da bi se lahko strokovnjaki lažje odločili za primeren anketni vrašalnik glede na namen anketiranja. V okviru raziskave so analizirani anketni vprašalniki za ugotavljaje stanja mobilnosti in potovalnih navad v urbanih območjih. Vprašalnike sem smiselno strukturirala v tabelo in jih razdelila glede na vertikalo in horizontalo. Po horizontali jih lahko razdelimo na dve skupini: na vprašalnike za strokovnjake in na vprašalnike za populacijo/uporabnike. Po vertikali pa jih lahko razdelimo glede na to koga ali o čem anketiramo. Za vsako skupino vprašalnikov je predstavljen vsaj po eden primer vprašalnika. Na podlagi v uvodu postavljene delovne hipoteze in problema so v sklepu zapisane ugotovitve raziskovalne naloge. V prilogah je katalog zbranih primernih preizkušenih anketnih vprašalnikov za določene namene anketiranja. In the master's thesis is presented a survey method for data and opinions acquisition about mobility in urban areas. In thesis is presented process of urban traffic planning, as well as the implementation of monitoring and evaluation for the sustainable planning process. Survey questionnaires are conducted for monitoring and evaluation purposes. From here has come a research problem. The problem has concerned the types of questionnaires used to collect data and views on mobility, and how to structure them sensibly so that experts could easily decide on the appropriate questionnaire for the purpose of the survey. In thesis are analyzed questionnaires for the assessment of the state of mobility and travel habits in urban areas. Questionnaires are structured in a table and divided according to the vertical and the horizontal. In the horizontal, they can be divided into two groups: questionnaires for experts and questionnaires for the population / users. In the vertical, they can be divided into two groups: whom we are questionaring and what information’s do we want. For each group of questionnaires, at least one example of the questionnaire is presented. Based on the working hypothesis and problem set out in the introduction, the finds are presented in the conclusion. In the annexes, there is a catalog of collected eligible tested questionnaires for specific interviewing purposes.