Search

Purpose Given the considerable variation in treatment effectiveness observed across Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services, the purpose of this study is to explore client- and service-related variables that predict successful treatment outcomes and clients’ dropout. Clinician-rated clients’ motivation to change was also explored as a potential predictor for both outcome variables. Design/methodology/approach A convenience sample of 1,135 (F = 752; Mage = 39.4) was collected from three IAPT services in the North West of England. The study adopts a quasi-experimental, observational design. The analysis involves the description of patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and the development of three outcome prediction models, using hierarchical logistic regression. Findings After adjusting for confounders, employment status and motivation to change as rated by clinicians were predictive of both recovery and reliable improvement. The higher number of IAPT re-referrals was negatively associated with recovery and positively with dropouts. Clients who indicated low motivation to change and received low intensity treatment at their last session presented a higher likelihood to dropout. Research limitations/implications Given that the evaluation of clients’ motivation to change was solely reliant on clinical judgement, as no validated measure was used, further robust research is recommended to draw sensible conclusions. Originality/value This is the first study evaluating clinician-rated motivation to change as a significant predictor of treatment outcomes and dropouts within the IAPT setting. Further research implications are discussed.

Background Findings have been mixed as to whether brief intervention (BI) is appropriate and effective for individuals with more severe alcohol use problems. Motivation to change drinking has been supported as a mechanism of behavior change for BI. This exploratory study examined aspects of motivation as mechanisms of clinical response to BI and alcohol problem severity as a moderator of treatment effects. Methods Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (average age = 35 years; 57% male) were randomized to receive BI (n = 27) or attention-matched control (n = 24). Three indices of motivation to change were assessed at baseline and post-intervention: importance, confidence, and readiness. Moderated mediation analyses were implemented with treatment condition as the focal predictor, changes in motivation as mediator, 1-month follow-up drinks per day as the outcome, and an alcohol severity factor as second-stage moderator. Results Analysis of importance displayed a significant effect of intervention condition on importance (p p’s Conclusions Findings highlight the relevance of considering one’s degree of alcohol problem severity in BI and alcohol screening efforts among non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers. These nuanced effects elucidate both potential mechanisms and moderators of BI response. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04710095. Registered January 14, 2021—retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04710095.

Background As many as 35% of college students report having been drunk in the past month, and greater alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are associated with a positive attitude toward heavy drinking. One serious consequence of heavy drinking is alcohol-induced blackout. When they occur, alcohol-induced blackouts present a unique opportunity to increase motivation to change drinking. However, it is unclear under what conditions an alcohol-related heavy drinking attitude and experiencing a blackout represent an opportunity to change and how experiencing a blackout(s) influences an individual's motivation to reduce drinking and actual behavior. Methods This study tested the interplay between one's positive attitude toward heavy drinking and experiencing a blackout in the past year in predicting motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and its impact on drinking over time (Study 2). Data were derived from complementary datasets collected at two universities (Study 1 n = 703, mean age = 20.63 years, 44% male, 52% White; Study 2 n = 568, mean age = 19.18 years, 72% male, 84% White). Drinking behavior was measured using a modified Daily Drinking Questionnaire, the Drinking Norms Rating Form, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Regression analyses were conducted to determine whether a blackout would moderate the association between attitude and motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and drinking over time (Study 2). Results Results revealed a significant interaction between attitude and blackout, such that individuals who experience a blackout (vs. those who do not) and positively evaluate heavy drinking evidenced lower motivation to reduce drinking (Study 1) and higher levels of estimated peak BAC (Study 2). Conclusions Drinkers with a negative attitude toward heavy drinking who have experienced a blackout have the strongest motivation to reduce drinking and the greatest reductions in peak drinking behavior over time. These effects are over and above that related to the level of alcohol consumed. For young adults who do not positively endorse heavy drinking, blackouts may present a "moment of opportunity" for intervention.

Introduction: With the ever-increasing prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in Nepal and elsewhere in Asia, it is imperative to study factors that motivate individuals to change their drinking ...

Objective: While the U.S. adult smoking rate has declined, Black smokers disproportionately face more barriers to accessing brief effective tobacco cessation treatments compared with other racial groups. This study developed and tested the effects of a novel, evidence-based, brief smoking intervention culturally targeted for disadvantaged Black smokers (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04460417). Method: In this randomized controlled trial, primarily low-income Black non-treatment-seeking smokers (N = 204, 51% female) were randomized to enhanced care (EC) or treatment as usual (TAU). The EC group received a 30-min session with personal feedback on smoking, education on health outcomes and tobacco advertising targeting Black smokers, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) starter kits. TAU included provision of self-help materials. Primary outcome was motivation to change smoking behavior, and secondary outcomes included NRT knowledge and use, quit attempts, and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Data were collected at baseline, 1- and 6-month follow-ups. Results: Compared with TAU, EC increased motivation to change (p = .02), accuracy in NRT knowledge, (p < .001), NRT use (p = .01), and likelihood of making a serious quit attempt as well as reduced cigarettes smoked per day (p < .01) through 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: A brief motivational intervention for Black non-treatment-seeking smokers increased motivation to change smoking and resulted in improvements in NRT knowledge, use, and quit-relevant behaviors. Findings support cultural-targeting and provision of NRT to enhance motivation in Black smokers to reduce cultural and institutional barriers to tobacco cessation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Fluctuations in motivation to change in persons with substance use disorder (SUD) may lead to their dropping out of treatment. ADHD in SUD persons is known to have a negative effect on motivational...

In the context of traditional use of alcohol among various ethnic groups in Nepal, there appears to be a need to better understand if perceived social support provided by family and friends aids in...

Background: Adolescent substance use is highly prevalent and problematic; it has been reported as one of the most pertinent leading health concerns in the United States. The current longitudinal st...

Negative online reviews are a ubiquitous problem that affects every online seller at some point. It can lead to prospective consumers’ distrust and decrease future purchase intention. Therefore, formulating a proper response is essential for minimizing these negative effects. Based on the ability–motivation paradigm and stability attribution, we find that apology works better when the alleged cause is relatively unstable (e.g., competence-based negative review) and when the seller has a high ability to change. However, when the alleged cause is relatively stable (e.g., integrity-based negative review) or when the seller has a low ability to change, we show that it is better for the seller to defend its reputation. In addition, we demonstrate that a remedial action plan in the seller's response can reinforce the motivation to change communicated through apology. Thus, coupled with a remedial action plan, apology works better than defending one's reputation, regardless of the negative online review type.

Purpose Kentucky experiences a disproportionate burden of substance use disorder (SUD), particularly in rural areas of the state. Multiple factors increase vulnerability to SUD and limit access to services in rural communities. However, the recent implementation and expansion of syringe service programs (SSPs) in rural Kentucky may provide a leverage point to reach at-risk people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Data were collected as part of an ongoing NIDA-funded study designed to examine uptake of SSPs among PWID in Appalachian Kentucky. Using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS), the study enrolled a sample of 186 PWID SSP attenders across 3 rural Appalachian Kentucky counties and conducted face-to-face interviews regarding health behaviors, injecting practices, SSP utilization, and treatment services. Using logistic regression analyses, we examined consistent SSP use, as well as importance and confidence to reduce substance use as predictors of current treatment participation. Findings For the prior 6 months, 44.6% of the sample reported consistent SSP use. Consistent use of SSPs was associated with treatment participation in the unadjusted logistic regression models. Significant predictors of treatment participation in the adjusted model included high confidence to reduce substance use, and not reporting primary methamphetamine injection. Conclusions Rurally located SSPs may play an important role in supporting confidence and motivation to change substance use behaviors among PWID impacted by SUD. SSPs may be critical venues for integration and expansion of prevention, health promotion, and treatment linkage services for this underserved population.

We attempted a cross-cultural replication of Hill et al.'s (2017) consensual qualitative study of experienced Western therapists' perspectives on working with meaning in life (MIL) in psychotherapy. We thus interviewed 12 experienced Chinese therapists about their views on MIL, working with MIL in psychotherapy, and the meanings they derived from working as psychotherapists. Chinese participants typically defined MIL as involving freedom, responsibility, and valuing life and viewed MIL as underlying many clients' presenting concerns and thus playing a critical role in therapy. In terms of working with clients on MIL, therapists described specific intervention strategies (e.g., challenging clients to broaden their meaning) and related outcomes (e.g., enhanced motivation to change). They further indicated that for MIL work to be effective, therapists need to be competent for working with MIL and clients need to be aware of MIL issues and ready to work with them. Therapists also reported that they gained both personal and professional benefits from working with MIL in psychotherapy. A comparison with Hill et al. (2017) indicated some similarities (e.g., both viewed MIL as part of human existence and as underlying most client presenting concerns) and differences (e.g., Chinese therapists perceived MIL as involving a sense of responsibility to others whereas Western therapists did not mention this) between Chinese and Western therapists regarding MIL in psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

A cycling campaign was assessed that used three different nudging conditions to progress people’s stage of motivation to make travel behavioral changes. The results of three waves of survey data showed that this cycling campaign generally strengthened their stage of motivation to reduce car use and that this stage-change, in turn, reduced actual car use while increasing bike use. It was observed that an improvement of cognitive psychological mechanisms was positively related to people’s motivation to change. Although the effect of the campaign was stronger just after it had ended (Wave 2), a reduction in car use, an increase in bike use, and an increase in the stage of motivation were still found three months after the campaign had ended. This is important as it shows that effects favoring sustainable travel last beyond the timeframe of the intervention. We conclude that travel interventions should aim to integrate processes that emphasize cognitive psychological mechanisms and people’s motivation to change as these drive a sustainable behavioral change.

Increases and decreases in university students' drinking during and after the pandemic will be influenced by multiple factors, including their access to alcohol, COVID-related stress, social support, and whether they live with parents or on campus. Many will engage in elevated drinking, especially upon return to the campus environment. It is our view that abstinence-oriented advice and interventions are unlikely to attract and assist the full range of pandemic drinkers. This viewpoint outlines advantages of supporting moderate drinking, provides examples of self-assessment methods that could enhance motivation to change, and describes self-initiated tactics that university students can employ to moderate their drinking. Students who have a more serious drinking problem or find it difficult to limit or quit drinking on their own may be encouraged to seek professional counseling or attend a mutual help group, either on campus or at home, depending on where they are residing.

This research is a type of field research in two old Pesantren “Salafiyah and Khalafiyah.” The two pesantren in question are Pesantren Kyai Kholil Bangkalan and Al-Hikam Bangkalan Madura. While the analiysis uses studies namely reseacrh is in-depth discusson of the contents of written information. The result of this study indicate that the motivation of sufism-based spiritual education in Pesantren Salafiyah Al Kholiliyah are:First, guarding motivation from homosexual tyranny, Second, motivation worship behavior so that the spiritual strength of the santri, Third, behavioral motivation to change positively. While the motivation of sufism based spiritual education in Pesantren al-Hikam Bangkalan Madura, are : First, santri have high spiritual feelingsso that they can fortify themselves from homosexual behavior, seconds, the students are not only intelligent in cognitive aspects but also intelligent in the spiritual fiel.Thirds, as a medium for minimizing public ills, which in this case is homosexual. As for the contents of sufism-based spiritual education as an effort to minimize the behavior of homosexual students are; First, Talqin stage, namely the stage of awareness of student, second, stages of remembrance that is the stage of cleansing the heart. Third, the night bathing stage and the next stage are reward and punishment stages, and the last stage is the stage of group life. While the contents of sufismbased spiritual education in Pesantren al-Hikam there are several formulas; First, taubatan nasuha, second, zuhud, thirds, wara’, fourth, tawakal, fifth, mahabbah sixth, makrifat. ملخص : سمي هذا البحث بالبحث الميدان, حيث جمع الكاتب الحقائق في المعهدين. هما معهد كياهي خليل السلفي و معهد الحكم الخلفي في مدينة مادورا. وبعد ان جمع الحقائق. قام الكاتب بتحليلها مستخدما الطريقة الوصفية يعني يبحث عن المصادر المكتوبة في المعهد. واما الإقتراب المستعمل هو إقتراب المقارنة, لأن الكاتب يريد ان يقارن التصوف بين المعهدين. وأعراض البحث ومنافعه 1) المحافظة عن الزنا 2) تشجيع عبادة العامل 3) تشجيع الطالب الي الخير. واما التشجيع التربية التصوفية في المعهد الحكم 1) التربية الروحية للطلاب 2) للطلاب لهم افكار وروحية 3) الوسيلة والإعلام لتقليل الزنا. واما تشجيع التربية التصوفية في معهد كياهي خليل 1)التلقين وهو الوعي عن النفس 2) الذكر لتطهير القلب 3) الإستحمام في الليل 4) الوعد والوعيد 5) الحياة الإجتماعية/ العيش الإجتماعي. واماالتربية التصوفية في معهد الحكم 1) التوبة 2) الزهد 3) الورع 4) التوكل 5)المحبة 6) المعرفة

A program evaluation of a community outpatient mental health program was conducted as part of a required course in Spalding University's School of Professional Psychology. Specifically, the program evaluation examined how the client-specific factors of motivation to change were related to attendance and participation in services. Motivation to change was assessed by surveying program participants utilizing the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA). Students hypothesized stage of change would be significantly correlated with attendance rates. Results indicate stage of change was related to attendance, with pre-contemplation scores negatively associated with attendance although most of the specific analyses were not statistically significant. Students' experiences and feedback regarding conducting the program evaluation are discussed.

The article considers the method of alternative activity as a way of empowerment and of increasing the client`s motivation to change a problem behavior in the technology of secondary or tertiary prevention. In particular, the authors highlight the main principles of the method; describe the algorithm of its implementation, its main characteristics and its impact on the growth of the client`s motivation to change the problem behavior through engagement in the alternative activities. In addition, three examples of the method application in preventive projects with different target groups are presented. Thus, the article argues the relevance of the method of alternative activity in preventive social work with different groups of clients.

The primary objective of evidence-based practice is to improve the quality of health care. It helps in making a clinical decision based on recent and advanced research and the best available evidence. Evidence-based dentistry is an integration of best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient's needs and preferences. However, there are many barriers to apply evidence-based knowledge into practice. Information overflow, inability to select appropriate evidence, and critically appraising the evidence are the main challenges a practitioner may face. The focus of this review is defining a well-structured clinical question, key principles of literature search, type of search studies, and how to appraise an evidence. Furthermore, despite the availability of good evidence, patient's needs and preferences are crucial factors in making clinical decision. Finally, the clinician's experience and lack of motivation to change practice is another big challenge to evidence-based practice. This article discusses the six structured steps to apply evidence-based practice in dentistry with examples. Finally, this article will help practitioners to integrate their experience and skill with modern research evidence as well as to educate their patients to reach a final clinical decision.

This qualitative study was conducted with a convenience sample of 20 South Asian women experiencing domestic violence in the United States. The results explore the patterns of abuse as well as the factors and circumstances (i.e. turning points) that motivated South Asian women to change in the context of the stage that they were in as per the Landenburger model (binding, enduring, disengaging, and recovery). The four themes that emerged from the interviews and analysis are (1) ‘Timing and Frequency of abuse’, (2) ‘Methods of control – financial, isolation and suspicion’, (3) ‘Cycle of Abuse’, and (4)’ Turning Points – motivation to change’. Implications for practice and policy-level changes for abused South Asian women in the United States are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and module content of a brief online self-help program for concerned gamblers, i.e., gamblers who perceived a need to change their gambling habits, in the context of a gambling helpline. The program consisted of four modules based on Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), covering motivation to change, logging gambling behaviors, planning and implementing gambling-free activities, and managing risk situations. Gambling expenditures were also logged in the program, and their development over time were analyzed as longitudinal data using marginalized two-part models. Out of 4655 gamblers recruited via the helpline’s webpage, 92% completed content in at least one module, and 23% were active in all four modules. Attrition was in general high, with only 10% retention in the gambling log for longer than 14 days. Gambling expenditures decreased for those who logged them for a shorter time period, whereas it increased for those who logged expenditures for a longer time period. This study shows that it is relatively easy to recruit participants to an online program for concerned gamblers in the context of a gambling helpline. However, since few users logged in to the program more than once, we suggest future online programs to have open modules with all content accessible at once. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at(10.1007/s10899-021-10005-6).

We examined the naturalistic relations between motivation to change and change in four specific eating disorder (ED) behaviors-binge eating (BE), purging, fasting, and driven exercise-in a community-based sample of individuals with EDs over two consecutive 6-week periods. We conducted cross-lagged generalized estimating equations using the transtheoretical model's four stages of change to predict changes in the ED behaviors 6 weeks later. Individuals reported lower pre-contemplation for behaviors typically associated with more distress (e.g., BE, purging) than they did for behaviors associated with less distress (e.g., fasting and driven exercise). Action predicted decreases in BE and purging frequencies but not fasting or driven exercise frequencies. Naturalistic relations between ED behavior severity/frequency and motivation to change these features can be detected over 6-week intervals; that is, attempts at change in individuals' natural environments can be successful over relatively brief periods of time, especially when individuals experience the motivation to change these features. The process of motivation to change ED behaviors is not linear, and our study highlights the movement between stages of change among individuals with EDs. Future research is needed to examine how much of the observed changes are sustained.

Background This study aimed to translate and validate the Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behaviours for Dementia Risk Reduction (MCLHB-DRR) scale in the Dutch general population. Methods A random sample of Dutch residents aged between 30 and 80 years old were invited to complete an online questionnaire including the translated MCLHB-DRR scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to assess construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. Results Six hundred eighteen participants completed the questionnaire. EFA and Cronbach’s alpha showed that four items were candidate for deletion. CFA confirmed that deleting these items led to an excellent fit (RMSEA = 0.043, CFI = 0.960, TLI = 0.951, χ2/df = 2.130). Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.69 to 0.93, indicating good internal consistency. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that the Dutch MCLHB-DRR scale is a valid scale for assessing health beliefs and attitudes towards dementia risk reduction among Dutch adults aged between 30 and 80 years old.

Personal health-tracking technology which is to record and improve health is becoming popular. The personal health-tracking tools collect user’s living data and analyze it, planning for user to change his unhealthy behavior. However, there is was a lack of motivation in the current personal health-tracking system because it mainly focused on individuals. The importance of others in health behaviors and in personal health-tracking was well-established but designer still focused on the individual. How to design a part which allows other users to take part in personal health-tracking technologies system is a new challenge. Our research aims to help people to reach the right audiences and guidance when they share health information to get the motivation to change their behavior to maintain health. We designed a system to help people to finish the process: record data, find friends and coach, change behavior, help others. We use Augmented Reality technology to make the communication and interaction smooth. Also, an Augmented Reality game part is designed in our system to offer people more motivation to change their behavior. Preliminary experiment was carried out to verify the system is effective in terms of providing people with motivation.

Contains fulltext : 219418.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Anxiety and depression are the most prevalent mental health disorders among young adults, leading to debilitating outcomes. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of video games to prevent and treat mental health problems. Insight into the motivational factors that influence game selection and engagement will inform us on how to tailor the promotion of mental health games. The primary aims of the current study were to examine whether motivation to change, emotion mindset, and stress mindset influenced (a) the choice for, and (b) engagement with, a game promoted as a mental health game. The secondary aim was to examine whether emotion and stress mindsets changed after playing a game promoted as a mental health game. Young adults (n = 129; 95 women; 82.2% university students) with elevated mental health symptoms viewed two trailers, in which the same commercial video game was presented as a mental health game and as an entertainment game. Results showed that motivation to change and mindsets did not influence game choice, and participants who chose the mental health trailer played the game for a similar period of time as participants who chose the entertainment trailer, regardless of their motivation to change or mindsets. Additionally, after gameplay participants who chose the mental health trailer reported a decrease in the belief that the effects of stress are debilitating. These results suggest that video games aiming to improve mental health may benefit from promoting the game’s mental health benefits. 11 p.

This research provides evidence for moral-licensing effects in climate-related behavior. We recruited individuals who had not travelled by airplane for private reasons during the past two years (Study 1, n = 854) or had invested in an energetic refurbishment of their homes (Study 2, n = 596) and investigated feelings and intentions toward two different problematic behaviors, namely meat consumption (Study 1) and air travel (Study 2). In a paradigm where the order of topics in the survey was varied systematically, being reminded of past climate-friendly behavior decreased the discomfort about ongoing problematic climate-related behavior in another domain (Study 1) and reduced the motivation to change the latter behavior or to mitigate its consequences (Study 2). Strength and direction of the effect were moderated by factors such as concern about climate protection, personal relevance of the problematic behavior, as well as time since and pride about the climate-friendly behavior.

OBJECTIVES Trajectories of change accompanying alcohol-specialized care can be affected by numerous variables. Massive urges to drink can substantially hamper personal motivation to change. However, time perspective could also play an indirect role in this association. This research explores whether time perspectives mediates the relationship between inclinations to use or not to use alcohol and patients' motivation to change. DESIGN The sample included 150 outpatients in care for their problematic alcohol use. Models of mediation were planned. RESULTS At the entry in care, three specific time perspectives, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, and Future, acted as discrete mediators. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight underlying mechanisms connecting inclinations to use or to avoid the substance and the patient's motivation to change. Time perspective could also be an interesting intervention target in existing alcohol-specialized treatment programs.

Raising awareness of the harmful effects of smoking on health and supporting smokers who wish to quit are important public health challenges. The involvement of nurses in these specific healthcare actions targeting the motivation to change seems to be a promising approach as revealed by a study summarised in this article.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the motivation to change in relation to hearing problems in adults with normal hearing thresholds but who report hearing problems and that of adults with a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Factors related to their motivation were also assessed. Method The motivation to change in relation to self-reported hearing problems was measured using the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (McConnaughy, Prochaska, & Velicer, 1983). The relationship between objective and subjective measures and an adult's motivation was examined. Results The level of hearing handicap did not differ significantly between adults with normal hearing who reported problems hearing in background noise and adults who had a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing handicap, personal distress, and minimization of hearing loss were factors significantly related to motivation. Age, degree of hearing loss, speech-in-noise scores, working memory, and extended high-frequency average thresholds were not significantly related to their motivation. Conclusions Adults with normal hearing thresholds but self-reported hearing problems had the same level of hearing handicap and were equally motivated to take action for their hearing problems as age-matched adults with a mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing handicap, personal distress, and minimization of hearing loss were most strongly correlated with an individual's motivation to change.

Objective We examined the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Readiness Ruler a simple self-report instrument designed to enable rapid assessment of readiness to change problematic eating behaviours in people with clinical eating disorders. Method We administered the ED-RR, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire and a measure of autonomous and controlled motivation for change to 206 individuals receiving outpatient treatment for an eating disorder. Results A principal axis factoring analysis of the ED-RR yielded a significant two-factor solution (explaining 59% of variance)—one factor pertaining to restriction and body image preoccupation (four items), the other to binge-eating and vomiting symptoms (two items). The ED-RR showed good internal consistency (alpha coefficients for the two factors being .77 and .84 respectively). Furthermore, individuals reporting higher readiness showed higher scores on independent measures of autonomous motivation and greater symptom reductions over time. Discussion Results suggest that the ED-RR is a psychometrically sound tool with potential clinical utility. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

This study examined attitudes and beliefs regarding teacher evaluation of teachers and their school administrators in the state of New Jersey, USA. The sample included 33 school administrators and 583 Pre-K through 12th grade teachers from four high-poverty urban school districts (22 schools). Participant attitudes and beliefs were assessed using the Teacher Evaluation Experience Scale (TEES; Reddy et al. in Educational Assessment, 21(2), 120–134, 2016). TEES is a multi-informant assessment designed to measure teachers’ and school administrators’ experiences with teacher evaluation through five scales (i.e., total and subscales of system, feedback, process, and motivation to change) and six open-ended questions. Based on the qualitative analyses, teachers identified collaborative communication and evaluation feedback as the most helpful aspects of their evaluation process. Based on the quantitative analyses, however, their average ratings did not exceed neutral on any of the four subscales. Overall findings suggest that school administrators’ experiences with teacher evaluation are more favorable than teachers’ experiences. Moderate correlations are found between participant characteristics and TEES scales. Implications for teacher evaluation are presented.

Background: The benefits of motivation to change may be enhanced depending on environmental factors, such as perceived parental support.Objective: We propose a quadrant model of perceived parental ...

Army health care leadership is focused on improving soldiers sleep, healthy eating, and exercise habits. It does not immediately follow that such behaviors are equally relevant to soldiers or that ...

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Initiation of JUUL use by young adults is one of the most significant issues of concern within the debate on vaping. Despite the proliferation of products and the surge in prevalence, no studies have investigated individual-level interventions or prevention strategies for pod-mod use. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants (N = 947) were young adults (Mage = 26.1) were male (57%) and White (75%). Overall, the intervention increased JUUL-related knowledge, risk perceptions, commitment to quitting, and readiness to quit JUUL (pspspp

Aims: The aim was to investigate the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking, motivation to change lifestyle and health advices from general practitioners (GPs) in individuals with diabetes. Methods: Data were provided by the Danish National Health Survey 2013 and 7504 adults (⩾ 40 years) with diabetes were included. Educational level was used as SEP indicator and categorized into low, middle and high SEP. Dependent variables included physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, motivation to change lifestyle and GP lifestyle advices. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index and ethnic background were performed. Results: Higher SEP were associated with reduced odds of being physically inactive (middle SEP odds ratio (OR) men 0.58 (95% confidence intervals 0.47–0.72) and women 0.59 (0.47–0.75)) and non-smoking (middle SEP OR men 0.74 (0.59–0.93) and high SEP OR women 0.54 (0.38–0.77)) compared to participants with a low SEP. Alcohol consumption above the recommended maximum was associated with high SEP in men, OR 1.83 (1.30–2.61). Elevated SEP was associated with a motivation to increase physical activity levels (middle SEP OR men 1.45 (1.19–1.76) and women 1.35 (1.09–1.67)), high SEP was associated with none advice from GPs regarding smoking cessation among women, OR 0.47 (0.25–0.89). Conclusions: Socioeconomic position was strongly associated with lifestyle in individuals with diabetes. The most pronounced inequalities were found in physical activity levels, smoking status and the motivation to become more physically active. Municipalities and GPs may need a greater focus on SEP in interventions to change lifestyle in individuals with diabetes.

This paper aims to provide an analytic review of contemporary coaching evidence and future research directions through reviewing the development of coaching (e.g. executive, health and life coaching) and coaching psychology definitions. We offer alternative perspectives from psychologist and non-psychologist coaching practice in the development of both traditions over the past two decades. As part of this paper we will summarise systematic reviews and meta-analyses in workplace coaching and outline the key messages for evidence-based practice. Three key messages are identified from this review. First, coaching itself is a professional helping relationship since the process mainly relies on reciprocal actions between the coach and coachee. Second, coachees should be placed in the centre of the coaching relationship, recognising their motivation to change is the essential antecedent for coaching success. Third, social psychological perspectives are an important element in dyadic coaching interactions. Our aim in this paper is to encourage coaching scholars and practitioners towards future research collaborations in the interest of developing evidenced based practice in coaching.

Background: Brief interventions represent a promising psychological intervention targeting individuals with heavy alcohol use. Motivation to change represents an individual’s openness to engage in a behavior change strategy and is thought to be a crucial component of brief interventions. Neuroimaging techniques provide a translational tool to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying potential mediators of treatment response, including motivation to change. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of a brief intervention on motivation to change drinking behavior and neural alcohol taste cue reactivity. Methods: Non–treatment-seeking heavy drinkers were randomized to receive a brief drinking intervention (n = 22) or an attention-matched control (n = 24). Three indices of motivation to change were assessed at baseline and after the intervention or control session: importance, confidence, and readiness. Immediately following the intervention or control session, participants also underwent an functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed an alcohol taste cues paradigm. Results: There was a significant effect of the brief intervention on increasing ratings of importance of changing drinking behavior, but not on ratings of confidence or readiness to change. Ratings of importance after the intervention or control session were associated with neural alcohol taste cue reactivity, but notably, this effect was only significant for participants who received the intervention. Individuals in the intervention condition showed a positive association between ratings of importance and activation in the precuneus, posterior cingulate, and insula. Conclusions: The brief drinking intervention was successful at improving one dimension of motivation to change among non–treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. The brief intervention moderated the relationship between ratings of importance and brain activation in circuitry associated with interoceptive awareness and self-reflection. Together, findings represent an initial step toward understanding the neurobiological mechanisms through which a brief intervention may improve motivation to change.

This study evaluated the effects of two treatments for adolescent bulimia nervosa (BN), family-based treatment (FBT-BN), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-A), on both attitudinal and behavioural outcomes at end-of-treatment. These associations were examined specifically relative to motivation for change in obsessive-compulsive (OC) features of eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Adolescents (N=110) were randomly assigned to FBT-BN or CBT-A and completed assessments of eating pathology and OC-ED behaviour. Across both treatments, greater motivation for change in OC-ED behaviour was associated with improved attitudinal features of ED at end-of-treatment. Motivation for change did not demonstrate a direct or interaction effect on BN behavioural outcomes. Results suggest that adolescents with BN who are more motivated to change OC-ED behaviours at the start of treatment, FBT-BN or CBT-A, are more likely to demonstrate improvements in cognitions, but not behaviours associated with EDs, at treatment conclusion.

Understanding of the barriers to seeking help and treatment for gambling problems remains limited. Research has thus far focused on either the barriers or motivators for help-seeking. This interview-based study investigated both barriers to treatment and the help-seeking process. Three help-seekers types were identified: individualistic, multi-problematic and family-centric. Individualistic help-seekers emphasise psychological reasons as the major barriers to treatment but also see themselves as key actors in the help-seeking process. In this group, a rock bottom experience characterises the final stage of converting intention into action in help-seeking. Multi-problematic gamblers have other major problems apart from gambling, and they may feel that gambling, even if problematic, has a positive impact on their lives and hence lack motivation to change. For them, the need for change comes from improvement in their life situation. For family-centric help-seekers, the reasons for not seeking help are linked to individuals or are treatment- or cultural-related. In their help-seeking process, family members play a crucial role. These results indicate that, to offer more effective help, we should recognise dissimilarities in problem gamblers’ experiences of barriers to treatment and in the phases of their help-seeking process.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore characteristics and treatment-seeking intentions of consumers accessing an online resource for eating disorders support, Reach Out and Recover (ROAR). Factors associated with treatment-seeking intent among visitors to ROAR were also examined. METHOD Participants were 200 visitors to the website aged 18 to 60 plus. The majority of participants (93.5%) identified as women. Responses to self-report questions assessing treatment-seeking intention, eating disorder symptoms and their impact on health, and attitudes to treatment were collected. RESULTS Participants experienced a range of eating disorder symptoms, yet the majority (86.0%) was not receiving treatment. Importantly, of those not in treatment, the majority (82.6%) indicated that they planned to get treatment. In addition, more than half of participants (52.9%) downloaded a report to present to their health practitioner to facilitate communication with a health professional. Intention to seek treatment and download of the report were positively associated with motivation to change, confidence to achieve change, greater frequency of binge eating, and greater recognition of the impact of eating disorder symptoms on relationships and well-being but not with stigma or ambivalence. DISCUSSION Study findings indicated that the ROAR website was accessed by individuals for whom it was designed, namely those experiencing eating disorder symptoms who are not receiving treatment. Encouragingly, participants had strong intentions to seek treatment, and the majority downloaded a report that could be used to facilitate the first step toward treatment. Greater focus on enhancing motivation and confidence to change may further promote treatment-seeking.

The last few decades have seen significant advances in the methods of treatment for sexual offending and the theories which underpin this field. One of these developments is the Good Lives Model (GLM), which was designed to complement existing rehabilitation framework, the Risk-Reed-Responsivity Model (RNR; (Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J., The psychology of criminal conduct. LexisNexis, New Providence, NJ, 2010; Bonta, J., & Andrews, D. A., The psychology of criminal conduct. Routledge, New York, NY, 2017)). The GLM is a strength-based rehabilitation framework which thus far has demonstrated popularity with practitioners and rehabilitation participants and has shown preliminary success in treatment programs and case formulations. These findings are encouraging, as they suggest that the GLM may increase motivation to change and guide individualized treatment. The aim of this chapter is to collate the evidence and highlight the ways in which a GLM approach complements existing risk focussed rehabilitation, in order to provide researchers and practitioners with rationale and recommendations for implementing and researching GLM-consistent interventions. We will discuss the GLM, its core assumptions and implications, the empirical evidence supporting its use, and its relationship to practice and the RNR Model. We will conclude by highlighting areas for future development which will provide, in our opinion, a promising way forward for the treatment of individuals who have committed sexual offenses.