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Purpose: Social standards that support White normativity impact communication styles and use of microaggressions that alienate minority and culturally/linguistically diverse groups. Though professionals in education and communication sciences and disorders (CSD) attempt to help students/clients navigate the world, CSD professionals focus more on nonnormativity as different, not bad, whereas mainstream education focuses on meeting normative standards—potentially impacting how preprofessional students approach and understand non-inclusive language. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the prevalence of microaggression endorsement (i.e., indicating they would use a phrase, even if unaware of its potential harm) and adaptation to feedback that may promote changes in microaggressive language endorsements by preservice students in predominantly White-dominated disciplines with different approaches to nonnormativity. Method: Computer mouse-tracking was used to explore explicit and implicit cognition before and after corrective feedback regarding the perception and social impact of microaggressions among 37 undergraduate preservice CSD and education majors. Results: Preservice CSD undergraduates were far less likely to endorse microaggression statements, and agree with the potential harm microaggressions cause. Preservice CSD undergraduates also experienced more cognitive competition when making decisions about microaggressions, but this cognitive competition lessened after feedback. Conclusions: This study of microaggressions is promising, as it demonstrates that preservice educators and CSD undergraduates are sensitive to the harm microaggressions cause, but both groups of preprofessionals may still hold some non-inclusive notions that may be damaging to colleagues, clients, and students. Fortunately, this understanding of the research suggests that awareness may be an important factor affecting change, promoting cultural competence, and providing opportunities for reflection. Supplemental Materials: https://osf.io/kax8t/

Infidelity in marriage is a complex process. People have different reasons for deciding to have a relationship outside of marriage. This study aims to investigate the reasons of married women for having marital infidelity and explore the risk factors that cause it. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with phenomenology as the method. Three women who have had marital infidelity are willing to be subjects in this study. Data was collected by using open interview and observation methods. As a result, failed conflict resolution, different communication styles, low-quality time, low intimacy, unfulfilled expectations from partners, and the absence of protective factors are factors that cause women to have an affair.

This study aims to determine the role of organizational communication in organizational development. This study uses a literature review method (library research). Literature research is research conducted using literature (library), either in the form of books, notes, or reports on the results of previous research. The role of leadership in developing communication within the organization. First, the leader must have a communication style that can describe the combination of behavior between the style that has become his personality and the style of a leader. In this case an effective leader must use different communication styles in different situations. So that through this communication style the leader can provide important understanding to each individual or employee in the organization. Therefore, in this case the leadership role is to ensure that the communication goes according to the flow built in the organization. In the organizational development process there are planned efforts made at the organizational level to increase effectiveness and enable the organization to achieve its strategic goals

Theatre has come to be one of the main artistic ways to convey the voices of people with disability to the general audience, and this includes people with language and communication disorders. This article aims to describe and discuss the activities of Le Théâtre Aphasique, a non-profit organization located in several cities in Quebec that delivers dramatic art workshops to people with aphasia, an acquired language disorder. Our interest is to understand how this activity has become a successful phenomenon in different disciplines, with different a priori theoretic frameworks, such as disability arts as well as rehabilitation sciences. Specifically, we suggest that the complexity and means of this activity are indeed the cause of its success given that 1) it allows people with different communication abilities to participate, while 2) encouraging the presence of people with disabilities in the theatrical scene and 3) supporting the understanding and use of different communication styles, from both individual and social perspectives. We believe that a framework built upon social, artistic, and care-driven views of disability can account for the complexity of this activity and nourish further research into how different models of disability are integrated in the experience of people with aphasia.

Background Nurses are mandated to reflect on their practice to enhance or improve patient-centred care but are rarely taught to reflect from the patient's perspective. Methods This single interpretive case study used a high-fidelity simulator that was non-verbal, ventilated, and equipped with a GoPro® camera on his forehead. Students provided care that was captured on video, then reflected on the video during a debriefing interview and a written reflection. Results This experience challenged student's impressions of their communication styles, shifted the student's viewpoint from self-centred to patient-centred and provided insights about equipment being a barrier to care, the proximity of care, imbalanced communication, and doing for the patient instead of with the patient. Conclusions This research has the ability to change reflective practice and provide a way to reflect from the patient's perspective. In-person reflections using the Reflective Practice from the Patient's Perspective tool provided more thorough and insightful reflections compared to the written reflections.

E-mentoring can be defined as an approach that is applied electronically or via the internet to provide personal, useful, specific, synchronized, holistic, accessible, and long-lasting mentoring support to establish a relationship between senior and less experienced individuals. Although studies on e-mentoring are relatively new and few, studies show that it is an effective method of mentorship. The aim of our study is to reveal the effect of this process on the choice of profession and the career development of university students who participate in e-mentoring programs. The research sample consists of young people (age ranges between 14-30) who receive support through an e-mentoring platform established by a nongovernmental organization. The findings show that e-mentoring supports the career development of young people who participate in this process. The mentors are effective in their role as “teachers” with close and sincere communication styles and experiences. The mentors show a guiding attitude to the participants in their career choices and help to eliminate uncertainty by trying to answer the questions in youth’s minds.

To investigate how Turkish oncologists' attitudes toward death influence their emotional states, outlooks, and communication styles when breaking bad news to cancer patients and/or their families.Cross-sectional study using self-completed questionnaires.The study sample consisted of 35 physicians working at an oncology department. Physicians completed a quantitative one-time survey developed by the authors and the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R).Thirty-one physicians completed the survey and the DAP-R. A mean of 13.39 ± 8.82 minutes was allocated for breaking bad news; 87.1% of the participants avoided using the word "cancer" and 42% avoided using the word "death". The attitudes characterized by "death avoidance" and "fear of death" were found to be related to the emotional difficulty experienced by the physicians, and were also associated with less eye contact with the patient, and less attention paid to the language used while breaking bad news.It is important for physicians to be aware of how their attitudes toward death affect their communication with patients during bad news. They should be provided in-service professional education, and therapeutic support.

The Implicit Leadership Theory, GLOBE study, and Norton’s Communication Styles frame this study into how employees from different cultures expect leaders to communicate effectively. Survey data col...

New advancements in technology have made machines teachers, or technology-powered robots or AI that assist in the overall learning experience, a possibility. Though adoption rates are currently low...

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of leadership and communication styles on employee performance in the District Office of Pandan District, Central Tapanuli Regency. This research is a quantitative research. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is statistical analysis based on SPSS multiple regression. The population in this study were all employees in the District Office of Pandan District, Central Tapanuli Regency with 80 employees. The research sample uses a saturated sample technique in which the entire population is sampled. The results of this study indicate that the leadership and communication styles partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on the performance of employees in the District Office of Pandan District, Central Tapanuli Regency.

This study examined the influences of perceived distance to communicator on the effects of aggressive style (i.e. personal attacks and intense languages) in communicating scientific issues such as COVID-19 to the public. With a multi-site experiment ( N = 464), we found that aggression led to a heightened violation of expected social norm regarding communication styles. However, the interpretation of violation varied depending on the individual’s perceived distance to the communicator. Close distance articulated the urgency and severity of COVID-19 risks conveyed with aggression, which further increased compliance with the message. Far distance perception amplified aggression’s negative influence on writer likeability. The findings showed that aggressive communication may generate positive outcomes when dealing with public understanding of scientific issues such as COVID-19, but communicators need to build a closer connection with their audience.

Numerous technologies exist for promoting a healthier lifestyle. These technologies collectively referred to as “Behavior Change Support Systems”. However, the majority of existing apps use quantitative data representation. Since it is difficult to understand the meaning behind quantitative data, this approach has been suggested to lower users’ motivation and fail to promote behavior change. Therefore, an interpretation of quantitative data needs to be provided as a supplement. However, different descriptions of the same data may lead to different outcomes. In this paper, we explore the impact of different communication styles for interpretations of quantitative data on behavior change by developing and evaluating Walkeeper – a web-based app that provides interpretations of the users’ daily step counts using different levels of elaborateness and indirectness with the aim of promoting walking. Through the quantitative analysis and results of a user study, we contribute new knowledge on designing such interpretations for quantitative data.

This research identified types and the dominant communication styles used by a teacher in EFL classroom interaction based on theory of Mikoluk (2013) and Lanz (2015). Descriptive qualitative research method was applied to find out the phenomena of communication styles used by the teacher in EFL classroom interaction. The subject of this research is single participant, a teacher of SMA Negeri 3 Palopo. The participant was chosen by using purposive sampling technique. The researcher observed and interviewed the teacher to reveal the phenomena under investigation. Observation was conducted in six meetings from different context such as different class, time and learning topic. The researcher conducted observation by using audio recorder and field notes. Audio recorder was used to record teacher’s utterance in the teaching and learning process. Meanwhile field notes used by the researcher to obtain more accurate data. Interview was used to know the teacher’s dominant communication styles. The result of this research showed that there were three types of communication styles that used by the teacher in EFL classroom interaction namely aggressive style, assertive style, and passive style and the dominant one was aggressive style.

Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar la posible relación de los estilos de comunicación (positivo, negativo y reservado) con el estrés y el afrontamiento diádico en las relaciones de pareja. Método. Se empleó un estudio cuantitativo no experimental en el que participaron 121 personas casadas, seleccionadas por disponibilidad. La mayoría de los participantes estaban en su primer matrimonio, y tenían una edad promedio de 42 años. Aceptaron contestar los siguientes instrumentos: (a) inventario de estilo de comunicación marital (ECOM) y (b) escala de estrés en la relación marital. Resultados. El análisis mediante regresión múltiple evidenció que los estilos de comunicación positivo y reservado son predictores del afrontamiento diádico. Se observó también que el estilo de comunicación negativo es un predictor significativo del estrés en las relaciones de pareja. Conclusión. Se sustenta la importancia de la comunicación en las relaciones de pareja y de desarrollar estilos de comunicación positivos para afrontar las situaciones estresantes. Abstract Objetive. To evaluate the possible relationship between the communication styles (positive, negative and reserved), stress and dyadic coping. Method. Considering this purpose, a non-experimental quantitative study was proposed in which 121 married people participated based on their availability. Most of the participants were in their first marriage, and averaged 42 years old. The participants agreed to answer the following instruments: (a) Marital Communication Style Inventory and (b) Marital Relationship Stress Scale. Results. Positive and reserved communication styles are predictors of dyadic coping. It was also observed that the negative communication style is a significant predictor of stress in relationships. Conclusion. These results support the relevance of communication in relationships and the importance of developing positive communication styles to cope with stressful situations. Resumo Escopo. Avaliar a possível relação dos estilos de comunicação (positivo, negativo e reversado) com o stress e o afrontamento diádico nas relações de casal. Metodologia. Foi empregado um estudo quantitativo não experimental no que participaram 121 pessoas casadas, selecionadas por disponibilidade. A maioria dos participantes estavam no seu primeiro matrimonio, e tinham uma idade média de 42 anos. Aceitaram contestar os seguintes instrumentos: (a) inventário de estilo de comunicação marital (ECOM) e (b) escada de stress na relação marital. Resultados. A análise mediante regressão múltipla evidenciou que os estilos de comunicação positivo e reservado são preditores do afrontamento diádico. Foi observado também que o estilo de comunicação negativo é um preditor significativo do stress nas relações de casal. Conclusão. Foi sustentada a importância da comunicação nas relações de casal e de desenvolver estilos de comunicação positivos para afrontar as situações estressantes.

Drawing from Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), the current research examined the direct and indirect relationship (PsyCap, work engagement) of perceived supervisor communication styles and cyberloafing. Data from 367 full-time employees working in 64 different firms were collected through a standardized scale. The findings revealed that assertive communication style has a negative relation with cyberloafing while passive and aggressive communication styles have positive associations with cyberloafing. Moreover, PsyCap partially mediates the relationship of supervisor communication styles (assertive, passive and aggressive) and cyberloafing. Additionally, employee work engagement partially mediates the relationship of supervisor communication styles (assertive, passive and aggressive) and cyberloafing. The study suggests that leaders can reduce employee involvement in cyberloafing through effective supervisor communication and intrinsic motivation factors such as PsyCap and work engagement. Limitations, future directions, theoretical contributions and managerial implications are also highlighted.

The current study examined the effects of aggressive communication styles on individuals’ pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Two underlying mechanisms—psychological reactance and expectancy violation—as well as the moderating role played by political ideology were investigated. An online experiment ( N = 423) was conducted and the results showed that more aggressive style was more likely to trigger psychological reactance and violation of expectation, liberals responded more negatively to the aggressive message than conservatives, and expectancy violation was an important mediator. The findings provide explanations for how communication styles affect individuals’ information processing and offer implications regarding selecting communication styles wisely.

Social anxiety has been linked with lower perceived social support, and there is some evidence that communication styles may explain this relationship. In addition, a body of literature has found gender differences in social anxiety, communication, and perceived social support. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate six communication styles as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and perceived social support and whether such relationships vary by gender. College men and women ( N = 813) completed an online survey. Among men and women, social anxiety was associated with lower social support through lower expressiveness. Among men, social anxiety was associated with lower perceived social support through lower preciseness; among women, this link was through lower verbal aggressiveness and higher emotionality. Psychotherapy may function as an environment in which socially anxious individuals can learn communication skills and acquire the confidence to use them in order to increase perceived social support.

Mentoring and mentorship in the implementation of curricular and extracurricular activities are characteristic of higher education. Since the quality and effectiveness of mentoring are determined by the distinctive characteristics and quality of the communication that takes place within this relationship, this paper aims to explore the communicative aspect of mentorship in higher education. The study was conducted using a sample of University of Nis students who have had direct experience of mentoring in the production of their senior and master's theses. The study sought to examine their attitudes to: mentoring communication skills; the ways in which communication takes place; communication styles in mentoring; and the communicative aspects of quality mentoring. Our findings indicate that the most highly rated quality in mentors is openness to questions. Email communication predominates, while other modern forms of communication, such as apps and social networks, are used to a far lesser extent. Mentors were rated as active listeners who provide timely, clear, comprehensible and positive feedback. Although our findings suggest that the mentoring practices studied are characterized by communication of a very high quality, the paper draws certain pedagogical implications. The emphasis of these pedagogical implications is on: continued pedagogical-methodological enhancement and support for mentors and mentees; developing higher quality communication; developing communicative competences; nurturing mutual respect, understanding and trust; developing empathy and the ability to accept another's opinion, suggestions and ideas.

The excessive use of Smartphone in young people has caused deterioration in family relationships. The objective of the research was to determine the relationship of the use of the Smartphone with family relationships in university students. The hypothetical deductive method was applied, the research is of a correlational descriptive type, a non-probabilistic sample was used for the convenience of 96 students, the survey technique was applied and as a Likert type questionnaire with 36 items raised by variables, dimensions. and indicators. The results showed that there is a relationship between the use of the Smartphone with family relationships, evidencing the deterioration of the face-to-face interaction between parents and children, poor compliance with family functions of socialization, recreation and affection that young people lack and the communication styles they practice at home are mostly passive. We conclude that the use of Smartphone has a significant positive average relationship with family relationships in university students. The educational institutions and the family must regulate the proper use of the Smartphone in family spaces, avoiding the deterioration of family relationships.

When entering into a negotiation, individuals have the choice to enact a variety of communication styles. We test the differential impact of being “warm and friendly” versus “tough and firm” in a distributive negotiation when first offers are held constant and concession patterns are tracked. We train a natural language processing algorithm to precisely quantify the difference between how people enact warm and friendly versus tough and firm communication styles. We find that the two styles differ primarily in length and their expressions of politeness (Study 1). Negotiators with a tough and firm communication style achieved better economic outcomes than negotiators with a warm and friendly communication style in both a field experiment (Study 2) and a laboratory experiment (Study 3). This was driven by the fact that offers delivered in tough and firm language elicited more favorable counteroffers. We further find that the counterparts of warm and friendly versus tough and firm negotiators did not report different levels of satisfaction or enjoyment of their interactions (Study 3). Finally, we document that individuals’ lay beliefs are in direct opposition to our findings: participants believe that authors of warmly worded negotiation offers will be better liked and will achieve better economic outcomes (Study 4). This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.

In this study, the aim was to determine the motivation levels of primary school fourth grade students with regard to their. The purpose of this study is to explain the forms of communication of adolescents with parents, problems in the school, sexual identities, conflicts with parents, how parents behave towards adolescents, the reasons of physical and mental changes experienced by adolescents and adolescents, to determine the anxiety and fear of adolescents and to reveal the expectations of parents from adolescents. The research was carried out in 2017–2018 academic year with 780 students, including 380 male, 400 female and 45 parents who have students in the same school.. According to the data obtained from the scale, the scores of girls were higher than males. Besides, the scores of the families with lower income were higher than the middle and upper groups. Keywords: Adolescent, parent, adolescent communication, adolescent parent.

Metaphor theory bears many implications for counseling processes, but metaphor in extended counseling talk is seldom evaluated. This article reports an exploratory skin conductance and discourse an...

An essential qualification requirement of the teachers´ profession is to handle the conflict situations effectively focusing on cultivation healthy kinds of relationship with other participants of the educational process, keeping discipline, communicative and good teaching atmosphere. In this contribution, we compare styles used in solving the conflict situations insight teaching profession objectively. Slovak elementary school teachers (N = 22) and secondary grammar school teachers (N = 42) were ask to complete a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions with 5 types of solving the conflict situations at school (avoiding, fighting, compromising, accommodating, collaborating). The occurrence and the use of different teachers´ approaches to solving the conflict situation were compared and analyzed. The Likert scaling and the method verified by professor Northouse were used for data evaluation. It is of high importance to pay attention to the dominant style (or the absent one) of solving the conflict situations in the teacher-student, teacher-teacher or teacher-superior interactions and to explore the differences of applying them.

A focus on the use of shared language to enhance congruence in interventionist-client dialogue is missing from traditional research on evidence-based practices and rural behavioral health. This study incorporates qualitative interactional sociolinguistics, which includes discourse analysis (typically written or audio recordings of face-to-face encounters with 11 clients and a study interventionist), to describe those speech patterns in a broad sense (dialect), as well as more specific use of communicative strategies to increase parity in the interaction between a rural interventionist delivering an evidence-based practice in the context of a research study with rural women opioid users in a non-therapeutic context. Study findings indicated that in the context of delivering the intervention, use of a shared language, language pattern congruence, and communication styles can greatly augment the intent of the approach with vulnerable populations. In addition, other communicative strategies connected with traditional Appalachian values – such as religion, home, and family – were also important. This study makes an important contribution to behavioral health research and practice by understanding critical factors that may influence evidence-based practice delivery, particularly in real-world settings with vulnerable populations. These findings have important implications for the utilization of creative approaches to understand critical components of the clinical interaction as indicators of fidelity.

In “Content,” an International Space Station (ISS) Russian segment space experiment, features of communication between the cosmonauts and the Mission Control Center (MCC) were studied using content analysis. The method is based on the concept of stress copings by Lazarus and Folkman. Differences found in the communication of cosmonauts led to assumptions about the existence of individual communication styles in routine communication between the cosmonauts and the MCC. The differences found were defined using V. Satir's classical model of communication types. The pre-dominance of three main communication styles (“computing,” “blaming,” and “placating,” as per Satir) was found. Manifestations and features of styles are discussed, considering the effectiveness of the “computing” style for ISS-MCC communication. Cosmonauts with a pre-dominance of this communication style, mostly are stable and with good self-control. An increase of the “blaming” and the “placating” style features in the communication of cosmonauts may require adaptation of the MCC communication and additional psychological support for the cosmonauts.

Communication breakdowns during emergencies threaten patient safety. In nursing homes (NHs) vulnerable residents may experience emergencies at any time. Concerns over clinical complexity and diverse communication styles among interprofessional practitioners heighten the need for standardized methods to improve practitioners' communication skills. This study explores communication structures among 32 practitioners in four NHs using in-depth interviews following a formalized Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) framework. Network analysis, a deductive approach to qualitative data analysis, and case analysis were performed for a comprehensive understanding of interprofessional communication in 48 emergency cases identified during interviews. Findings identified the flow of information, messaging, and management strategies that were expected of receivers during interprofessional communication. These results could help develop training regimens or guidelines to improve cooperative interprofessional communication, allowing practitioners to provide appropriate emergency care for NH residents.

This chapter intends to review theory and research in parenting studies from the family communication perspective. This will include discourse on the interaction between parenting and communication and how these influence child-rearing outputs. Evaluating healthy parenting on the criteria of effective communication, the chapter shall focus on how communication mitigates diverse parenting challenges to bring about positive child-rearing outcomes in parent–child relationships. To do this successfully, efforts shall be made in the chapter to interrogate diverse parenting strategies recommended in the research literature and parents’ communication styles to see how these impact child-rearing in a changing society. From the foregoing, the chapter shall illustrate the contributions of positive parenting strategies and communication styles in mitigating challenges of child-rearing in a changing society.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the doctors-patients communication style and their information seeking practiced among doctors under training or junior doctors in Malaysian hospital. Two types of communication styles evaluated are doctor centered and patient centered communication. Meanwhile, elements of information seeking practice evaluated are exploration of the reason for encounter, history taking, concrete solutions, structuring the interview, interpersonal skills and communicative skills. These six elements were categorized into interview skills and process skills. This information seeking skills have been derived from meta-analysis conducted by Stewart and Roter (1989). We combined the doctors-patients communication style and information seeking practice to develop a model based on four quadrants namely doctors-interview, doctors-process, patient-interview and patient-process. The subjects for this research are doctors under training or junior doctors in Malaysia. This explorative research distributed a set of questionnaires in order to collect data for analysis. The result show that the doctors under training or junior doctors tend to practice doctor-centered styles compare to patient-centered. Meanwhile, most of them demonstrate all the information seeking practice at a high level. Based on four quadrants developed by researcher, research shows that the doctors mostly categorized in doctor-centered communication style and interview information-seeking skills. We suggested that doctors should be more patient-oriented rather than doctor oriented. We also suggested the model that we developed can be used as a model of communication pattern of the doctors and can be used for future research.

This paper addresses how robots should communicate with humans so that the interaction is successful and satisfying for the user. Specifically, within the present study, nine different communication strategies were examined for a service robot that provides transportation of goods by semi-automated following. The communication style (humanlike friendly, humanlike professional, machinelike) and modality (auditive male, auditive female, visual) of communication was varied and their influence on system evaluation regarding competence, warmth, discomfort, embodiment and preferences were investigated in an online study. The results of the study indicate that a humanlike communication is rated more competent, warmer, less discomforting, and is generally preferred. With regard to gender, no clear preferences or differences in evaluation were found. In terms of modality, a combination of auditive and visual interaction was favored. It should be noted that the data were collected online and verification of the results in situ is essential. Nevertheless, the results of this study provide intriguing implications on how to target HRI for the service robot examined.

The excellence of educational institutions can be developed and improved by the teachers’ consistent and effective communication in classrooms. This study embarks to investigate the effect of teachers’ communication style (CS) on their communication effectiveness (CE), based on self-assessment, during classroom teaching. The results indicate that CS has significant influence on CE, with “Expressiveness” and “Preciseness” emerging as best styles of communication, whereas “Verbal Aggressiveness” has negative impact on faculties’ CE. It also investigates the differences in CE of the faculty based on their gender and subject specialization. Findings indicate gender differences on the basis of two CE variables—“Listening” and “Ability to get the Message Across.” But there is no difference in instructors’ CE when compared on basis of subject specialization. The findings of the study have implications for the faculty members to enhance their CE, by understanding their CS, which will further have an impact on students’ satisfaction and learning.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of perceived transformational and transactional leadership styles on communication styles among employees in manufacturing organisations within South Afr...

Using a sample of 115 first-generation married immigrant Pakistani residing in Toronto, Canada, this study assessed the moderating effect of couples’ communication patterns (warm and modera...

In this preregistered experiment, we address an understudied question in the deception and language literature: What is the impact of context on false and truthful language patterns? Drawin...

This study explored sexual health education (SHE) through the lens of public school educators in the United States of America. It examined their comfort levels and the barriers educators faced by asking, “How comfortable are educators when communicating sexual health topics to adolescents for them to build a foundation to become sexually healthy adults?” The qualitative, phenomenological study included 11 public school teachers among three school districts in the State of Indiana. Conducting intimate, face-to-face interviews with participants advanced and expanded interdisciplinary research. Educators shared their beliefs and values regarding SHE instruction and levels of sexuality comfort. Three findings emerged from the data that can contribute to research in the fields of education, public policy, public health, and communication: (1) An inclusive sexual health education program can provide educators with more sexuality comfort, (2) Teacher training and instructional materials relate to an educator’s sexuality comfort level and willingness to communicate SHE, and (3) An educator’s level of sexuality comfort may likely increase if engaged in SHE decision-making policies. At the time of the study, State policies prohibited comprehensive education, although participants preferred a more inclusive approach to teaching, SHE. Additionally, the concept of sexuality comfort (1984) was reconstructed and revised. This study offered an in-depth exploration into a topic - sexual health - that affects all individuals and established a foundation for future qualitative and quantitative studies.

Background There is a paucity of evidence regarding satisfaction with lymphoedema prevention information in the literature. This assessment is supported by both anecdotal discussions with health professionals in North Queensland and by searching the literature. Question How satisfied are women with breast cancer in North Queensland with the information provided about lymphoedema prevention strategies? This qualitative descriptive study explored the views of regional women to determine aspects of satisfaction with reference to the type of information provided, appropriateness of clinical information and timeliness of information at the specific stage of their illness trajectory. Methods Eleven participants were recruited in North Queensland and all consented to an audio-taped, open ended, and semi-structured interview. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Braun and Clarke's six-step approach to inductive thematic analysis. Findings This study identified gaps in the information provided regarding lymphoedema prevention and management. The participants in this study were dissatisfied with the information provided and a gap was identified in evidence based information on exercises and lymphoedema prevention strategies. Discussion Current provision and content of lymphoedema prevention information warrants further investigation. Further research into the different communication styles for women, brochure formats, timing of information, delivery options, and evidence based lifestyle and behavioural activities and best practice was identified. This study's findings clearly showed more tailored information would reduce confusion. The teaching strategies used for lymphoedema prevention and post-surgery instructions warrant further evidence based guidelines. Evidence based guidelines would be of tangible value for both affected women and health professionals. Conclusion This study identified that some of the lymphoedema literature supplied is dated, and improvements in tailored information would assist women with breast cancer and improve satisfaction.

Background and purpose Pharmacists need to learn communication styles which adopt a more consultative model. The objectives of this paper are to describe the use of forum theatre facilitated by actors to teach communication skills to pharmacy students and to highlight perceptions of the workshops. Educational activity and setting During the actor-led forum theatre, students redirected scenes depicting pharmacist-patient consultations. Students also learned about their own communication styles and role-played consultations and interview situations with actors. Pharmacy undergraduate students enrolled in years 2, 3, and 4 answered open-ended questions online at the end of workshops. All responses were coded to identify themes. Findings Five themes emerged from 752 comments: (1) workshops were useful in facilitating communication skills development, (2) workshops encouraged reflection, (3) appreciation of feedback provided, (4) the live, interactive nature of the workshop enhanced learning, and (5) suggestions for improvement. There were requests for more varied scenarios involving different patient groups and more opportunities to participate in the role-plays. Students also requested smaller groups, which would encourage participation from those who were reticent and allow more personal feedback. Summary The use of forum theatre employing role-play, small group coaching on consultation and interview skills, and emphasizing feedback was perceived as an effective and engaging method to teach communication skills.

The present study investigated the effects of communication styles, source expertise, and audiences’ preexisting attitudes in the contexts of the debate regarding genetically modified organisms. A between-subject experiment ( N = 416) was conducted manipulating communication styles (aggressive vs. polite) and the expertise of the communicator (scientist vs. nonscientist) in blog articles. The results showed significant effects of communicator expertise and individuals’ preexisting attitudes on writer likability and message quality, depending on the communication style used. Expectancy violation was found as a significant mediator that explains the differences. These findings provided a plausible explanation for the way in which communication styles work in science communication contexts and offered practical implications for science communicators to communicate more strategically.

Recent research on expertise management calls for more attention to the role of communication in expertise recognition. Cultural differences in communication styles can complicate communication of expertise and consequently make expertise recognition more difficult in mixed-culture groups than in same-culture groups. This article reports results from a two-phase study (348 Chinese and non-Asian U.S. citizen [NAUSC] students in the first phase, and 24 four-person groups that consist of both NAUSC and Chinese students in the second phase) on the role of communication styles in intercultural collaboration. The results suggest that for both Chinese and NAUSC students, conversational control, tenseness, task-oriented communication, and confidence are important cues influencing expertise judgment, but perceived expertise and actual expertise may be unrelated to each other.

The present study reassessed the effectiveness of the Integrated Model of Advice-giving with participants of varying levels of need for cognition (NFC) and different communication styles (high- and...

Today's health care environment requires collaborative teams to provide safe, effective care. This study assessed the extent to which a face-to-face workshop increased nursing and premedical students' awareness of varying communication styles and their potential impact on interprofessional communication and practice. A self-assessment tool was administered before, immediately after, and 1 month after the workshop. Significant increases in familiarity working on interprofessional teams, identifying different communication styles, and ability to apply communication strategies were found immediately after and 1 month after the workshop.