1. Glycodelin-A stimulates interleukin-6 secretion by human monocytes and macrophages through L-selectin and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.
- Author
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Lee CL, Lam EY, Lam KK, Koistinen H, Seppälä M, Ng EH, Yeung WS, and Chiu PC
- Subjects
- Amniotic Fluid chemistry, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines metabolism, Female, Glycodelin, Glycoproteins isolation & purification, Glycosylation, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Proteins isolation & purification, Protein Binding, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Sialic Acids metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer metabolism, Glycoproteins physiology, Interleukin-6 metabolism, L-Selectin metabolism, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Macrophages metabolism, Monocytes metabolism, Pregnancy Proteins physiology
- Abstract
Macrophages represent the second major type of decidual leukocytes at the fetomaternal interface. Changes in macrophage number and activity are associated with fetal loss and pregnancy complications. Glycodelin-A (GdA) is an abundant glycoprotein in the first-trimester decidua. It is involved in fetomaternal defense and early placental development through its regulatory activities in various immune cells. The N-glycosylation of GdA mediates the binding and therefore the activities of the molecule. In this study, we studied the biological activities of GdA in the functions of human monocytes/macrophages. GdA was purified from amniotic fluid by affinity chromatography. GdA treatment did not affect the viability, cell death, or phagocytic activity of the monocytes/macrophages. GdA, but not recombinant glycodelin without glycosylation, induced IL-6 production as demonstrated by cytokine array, intracellular staining, and ELISA. GdA also induced phosphorylation of ERK in monocytes/macrophages. The involvement of ERKs in IL-6 induction was confirmed using pharmacological inhibitors. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that L-selectin on the monocytes/macrophages was the binding protein of GdA. Treatment with anti-L-selectin antibody reduced GdA binding and GdA-induced IL-6 production. GdA-treated macrophages suppressed IFN-γ expression by co-cultured T-helper cells in an IL-6-dependent manner. These results show that GdA interacts with L-selectin to induce IL-6 production in monocytes/macrophages by activating the ERK signaling pathway. In turn, the increased IL-6 production suppresses IFN-γ expression in T-helper cells, which may play an important role in inducing a Th-2-polarized cytokine environment that flavors the immunotolerance of the fetoplacental unit.
- Published
- 2012
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