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The hybrid system of solar and wind is very useful in your day-to-day life. The various sources generally we are using likes sun energy, wave power generation, hydropower generation, tidewater power energy, and thermal gradient energy sources. This type of energy source is readily available in the environment and can consume maximum power from the actual solar panels and windmills. In this paper, we are using solar energy by using photovoltaic cells, and wind energy by using windmills generator. Solar and wind energy are cost-effective and easy to use. It can be used in mobile phones, Laptops, Daily Home appliances, and various types of lighting loads, which can be the best energy sources for urban, and rural, areas. As day by day, the electricity consumption is increased, because the demand has been increased day by day. We have to switch to other renewable energy sources and use the electricity from these sources. Power-Voltage and Current-Voltage characteristics of solar cell panels were accomplished at different values of irradiance and temperature levels of solar panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow slab design is an important factor in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) because of its significant impact on the system performance along with the manufacturing cost, as crucial for commercial applications. Therefore, the flow slab with a low-pressure drop, high uniformity, and excellent power performance is a topic of concern. In this study, a new biometric flow slab with an elbow and baffle is designed and compared with the conventional flow slabs under a series of studied cases. The results show that the power performance of the biometric flow slab is better than the conventional types of flow slabs. Here, the power density of 6182.43 W/m2 is obtained by the new biometric type of BFS2 and up to 37.36% of ratio to the type of parallel flow slab. That is to say, the new type of biometric flow slab has effectively avoided the sharp drops issue of the power density appearing in the type of parallel flow slab. Similarly, a lower pressure drop in the biometric type has been observed when compared to the serpentine flow slab. The results have also indicated a positive correlation between the oxygen diffusion flux and the current density distribution. It has also been observed that the more uniform oxygen diffusion flux distribution was supported, the more uniform current density distribution was obtained. The net power performance of the biometric flow slab at a working V cell = 0.4 V has been increased up to 36.98% when compared to the parallel flow slab. Finally, the new type of biometric flow slab BFS2 seemed to be the better choice for its significant overall performance because of the reduced power loss and certified flow visualization. These findings could be useful for the improvement of the flow field design in PEMFC when applied in commercialization in the future. • Biometric flow slab is better than the conventional flow slabs. • 6182.43 W/m2 and 37.36% of ratios to parallel type are obtained by biometric SFS2. • Biometric SFS2 shows its significant overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a proficient control approach-based 17-level Quasi Z-source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (QZS-CMI) topology is proposed to interface photovoltaic (PV) system. The control approach is a combination of GarraRufa Fish Optimization (GRFO) and Random Forest Algorithm (RFA). Hence, it is named as GRFO-RFA technique. The major goal of this paper is to present a 17-level QZS-CMI with fewer semiconductor switches that is ideal in high-power photovoltaic applications with lower total harmonic distortion and higher performance. The interface between the load and PV DC source is performed with QZSI. The design modeling of QZS-CMI is improved and the maximal power of PV power production system is supplied. Initially, the objective function is decided depending on the control restrictions and the parameters. The GRFOA process is utilized to enhance power delivery, voltage profile, and minimal power swing. The enhanced QZS-CMI based on the proposed system controls shoot-through and reduces modulation load and duty ratio. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and its efficacy is compared to the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The main objective of this study is to assess the phenomena that affect the parameters of power quality, to consider ways to counteract the deterioration of power quality, to assess the effect of electromagnetic interference on the human body, and to review the available devices for measuring the parameters of electric energy. Methodology. To obtain relevant data, the authors conducted a literature review on the topic of the work using full-text and abstract databases. The main causes of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) violations and ways to counteract these violations are considered. The main parameters of electricity quality, conditions for their measurement and permissible ranges according to the State Standards of Ukraine (SSU) are highlighted. A review of devices for measuring the parameters of electricity quality and the search for a suitable one that meets Ukrainian standards was carried out. Findings. The authors have proved: 1) the problem of measuring electricity quality parameters is relevant and important for its accurate accounting; 2) control of electricity quality parameters and compliance with state standards allows avoiding negative impact on the electricity supply system; 3) the use of modern digital measuring devices provides greater measurement accuracy than analog ones, and they are able to take into account more parameters in one measurement. Originality. The authors conducted a study in the field of electromagnetic compatibility in the field of electromagnetic compatibility using a digital device that gives more accurate and reliable results of power quality parameters. Practical value. Based on the results obtained, it is possible both to correct the personal research of individual scientists or teams of scientists and to predict further prospects for the development of the subject area «Electromagnetic Compatibility» in traction power supply systems in railway transport. The research can also be useful in the study of the disciplines «Electromagnetic Compatibility of Railway Automation Systems» and «Electrical Circuits and Lines of Railway Automation», organization of scientific and practical seminars, advanced training courses, etc.

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Modern technologies are used to secure the increasing human needs with the developments of the times as well as the provision of services, and it is considered necessary to remotely control the surrounding devices, especially those that depend on electrical energy for their work, in order to reduce energy consumption and manage and maintain devices. In current study, a system was designed that measures and monitors the energy and can control the devices remotely, as well as the possibility of making a decision to turn off the devices. The system is built by using an ESP-32S Node MCU and a PZEM-004T-100A sensor, and the control and connection to cloud computing is done by the Blynk server. The system connects by Bluetooth technology to the smartphone device through a program running on the Android system Serial Bluetooth Terminal to facilitate the Initializing the system, securing the system connection, and determining the highest value of the current to be consumed, in addition to the presence of a TFT color screen that works with several interfaces, including displaying the reading of electrical measurements, displaying system configuration information, displaying network connection, and displaying the highest value of the specified current. This proposed system is designed in a way that facilitates the process of monitoring and controlling the electric power of homes and making a decision when the threshold limit for the current specified by the user is reached. Where the system provides the house with two paths for the passage of the electric current, the first line connects the electrical devices directly in the system and one of the characteristics of the direct line is that it works to provide the devices with electrical energy and monitor the amount of energy consumed without controlling it remotely. As for the second line, high-capacity electrical devices are indirectly connected to the system, i.e., through a relay. One of the characteristics of the indirect line is to supply electrical energy to the devices. The indirect line can be monitored, controlled, and controlled remotely through the Blynk server. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a series RLC circuit, resonance occurs when the inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC) are equal in magnitude but opposite in phase. It's important to note that in a series RLC circuit, the total impedance is the vector sum of the resistance (R), inductive reactance (XL), and capacitive reactance (XC). The resonant frequency is the frequency at which XL and XC are equal, resulting in the cancellation of these two reactances, leaving only the resistance. In summary, the resonant frequency in a series RLC circuit is the frequency at which the inductive and capacitive reactances cancel each other out, leading to a minimum impedance and maximum current flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the simultaneous impacts of dust as well as other environmental parameters on cell temperature and the electrical outputs of photovoltaic systems. Based on the experimental and analytical analysis, several linear and polynomial semi-empirical correlation forms were proposed. It was shown that cell temperature depends directly on irradiation and ambient temperature, as well as inversely on humidity, wind speed, and the amount of accumulated dust on the surface. During the four-year outdoor experiments and further indoor measurements, the surface dust density varied from 0 to 10.1174 g.m−2, which resulted in up to a 28 % current loss. Although, it was shown that dust affects the output voltage less, and the most recorded variation was <0.5 % reduction. The electrical behavior of the photovoltaic system was also simulated with a modified single-diode model. Comparing the simulation results, correlation predictions, and experimental measurements confirmed consistency. Moreover, it was shown that considering the prediction precision, simplicity, and computational cost, the proposed correlation forms should be preferred when just the output current, voltage, and power are of concern. The proposed modified semi-empirical correlation forms can be easily coupled with other models to improve their precision and accuracy. • Experimental investigation of parameters affecting a photovoltaic cell temperature. • Provide a semi-empirical correlation form to predict cell temperature. • Provide semi-empirical correlation forms to predict output current and voltage. • Provide semi-empirical correlation forms to predict output power. • Increase precision and reduce computational costs for predicting output behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim of reducing environmental, energy and quality problems in the field of farming of animal species, laboratory for agricultural technique in animal husbandry, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, integrally develops a system for wet air purification, wet scrubber, and its energy control. The goal of electrical measurements in a wet scrubber is to determine instantaneous and interval-accurate values of electrical quantities, defined by physical methods. Devices for electrical measurements give precise values of basic electrical quantities: current, electromotive force, voltage, impedance, electrical work, power, and energy. Simple periodic voltages and currents are crucial for wet scrubber drive elements. They are determined by three quantities: amplitude, frequency, and phase. The paper presents the basic patterns for the measured values of wet scrubber drive elements: AC operation, AC power, AC power with active resistances in the circuit and AC power with impedance in the electric circuit. The presence of many drive elements for partial operational actions in a wet scrubber is the basic reason for choosing a central atomizer, as the object of methodologically original energy analysis of this work.

Purpose. Given the need to improve the performance of modern mainline rolling stock, the authors analyze the possibility of using deeper regulation of attenuation. Methodology. The analysis of the operation of the thyristor-pulse converter of ER200 electric train is performed. It is established that in the acceleration mode at the limit traction characteristic it is necessary to consider two zones: the zone of constant value of traction force and the zone of constant power. A method for determining the minimum value of the attenuation coefficient for different types of DC and PC traction motors was proposed. The methods of theoretical research and analytical calculation of electrical circuits, theoretical foundations of electric traction, mathematical modeling of electrical and energy processes were used for the analysis. Findings. The complex of theoretical research and calculations allows confirming the technical possibility of deep attenuation use to regulate the speed regulation and obtain additional across-the-line positions for the rolling stock with DC and PC traction motors. The minimum attenuation coefficient value for different types of traction motors was determined. Originality. The methodology for determining the minimum value of the attenuation coefficient for traction motors of main electric locomotives in terms of using deeper magnetic flux control, replacing the use of experimental research data with theoretical studies. The essence of the studies is to form the required type of the limit traction characteristics by reducing the minimum permissible value of the excitation coefficient, which will reduce the electricity consumption. The research on determination of quantitative indicators of electricity consumption for the analysis of energy saving reserves on the main transport was further developed. Practical value. The results of theoretical research can be the basis for the modernization of main electric locomotives of direct and pulsating current with the systems of deep attenuation regulation. The research conducted will make it possible to create recommendations on designing the systems of magnetic flux regulation for traction engines with the improved technical and economic characteristics which are capable to increase the transport process efficiency on the main transport.

The use of solar energy as electrical energy with Solar Power Plants (PLTS) is very necessary because the amount of electrical energy demand in Indonesia tends to increase. Solar Power Plants (PLTS) have advantages such as not producing air pollution, and being easy to obtain. In this study PLTS is associated with the performance of electric stoves. The purpose of this study is to simulate the performance of a solar power plant on a 300 watt electric stove and analyze the performance and create a PLTS circuit on an electric stove. The study was conducted for 10 days starting on June 01, 2022 – June 10, 2022. The study used 100 Wp Polysrystaline Solar Panels. Terminal block, Solar Charge Controller, and uses 2 loads, namely a 12 V battery, and a DC electric stove as a means of cooking rice and water. Data collection was carried out starting at 08:00-17:00 WIB with the panel facing west by 45 degrees. The data obtained, obtained the maximum average voltage on the 1st day (19.84 V), the minimum average voltage on the eighth day (18.02 V); The maximum current is on the 6th day (1.85 Amp), the minimum current is on the 7th day (1.12 Amp), and the longest electric stove usage is on the first day with a duration of 62 minutes 2 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy is one of the energy that is needed in life. Greater attention should be paid to the use of non-renewable energy sources such as coal, natural gas and oil to generate electricity due to the limited supply of these energy sources and the environmental impact of residual waste from the production process. Therefore, another option that can be done is to use renewable energy. One example of renewable energy is solar energy whose utilization will have a more positive impact on the environment because this energy can be obtained from nature and never runs out. Environmentally friendly vehicles, both four-wheeled and two-wheeled vehicles based on hybrid and electric technology, have become one of the trends in which world transportation manufacturers are competing to develop transportation technology. The study conducted a design and numerical analysis for an electric motorcycle controller with a BLDC motor (brushless DC Motor). In this study using a BLDC motor because BLDC motors are superior to ordinary DC motors, these advantages include having higher efficiency, being durable, not using a brush, and almost not producing sound. In the experiment on June 1 at 14.00, the average solar panel voltage was 21.86 volts, the solar panel current was 1.71 Ampere, and produced 37.38 Watts of power, and from the BLDC motor rotation of 2215 Rpm. On average, BLDC motorcycles rotate bicycle tires every one hour interval from 08.00 to 17.00. In research, the best data from this study was obtained on the 6th day on June 6, 2022 with the 3 highest data, namely panel current of 1.861 volts, panel power of 35.84 amperes, and wheel rotation of 1841 Rpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proceedings of the processing through erosion allow the processing of materials irrespective of their durability without a significant effort between the tool and the machine part, irrespective of the complexity of the geometrical form. The proceedings of the processing through electrical and electro-chemical complex erosion are within the group of the erosive processing, together with electrical erosion in an impulse, the chemical erosion, radiation, abrasive erosion and cavitational erosion.

Degradation performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules by real weather conditions has become increasingly problematic. In the desert climate, dust accumulation is one of the main concerns that may cause a significant deterioration of PV efficiency. In the present work, experimental investigations were carried out to understand the effect of dust on the electrical performance of PV modules under Toujounine, Nouakchott, Mauritania weather conditions. The measurements were performed with an I-V tracer ftv200. The measured parameters were I-V and P-V curves, open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), current and voltage at maximum power (Imp and Vmp) and maximum power (Pmax); as well as the measurement of temperature of panels and Irradiation. The study was carried out according to the following cleaning scenarios: panels cleaned before each measurement (Clean panels 01), panels undergoing systematic cleaning with the central unit (Clean panels 02) and chains undergoing no cleaning (Dusty panels 03). Then, the modeling of reliability as a function of maximum power by Weibull's law, for clean and dusty panels is evaluated. According to the experimental results, disturbances in I-V and P-V curves for dusty panels were noticed. Also, a decrease in the Isc and the Imp for dusty panels compared to clean panels was found. These results are explained by the effect of dust accumulation on the module's surface, which blocks the solar radiation and thus reduces the conversion efficiency of PV modules. Again, dust reduces the output power of photovoltaic modules by 21.57% for dusty panels per clean panels. Finally, a low reliability for dusty panels compared to clean panels was found, due to the loss in the output power under the dust effect. These results clearly show the importance of properly maintaining and servicing the photovoltaic modules to avoid their degradation by dust deposits. • Effect of dust on PV performance is experimentally studied in a Sahelian environment. • Dust accumulation reduces the power output by 21.57%. • Reliability modeling by Weibull's law as a function of maximum power is evaluated. • Reliability of clean panels is higher than the reliability of dusty panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the concern with energy emergencies, the energy obtained from the sunlight is considered as the most capable conventional resources. Hence, the maximum power point tracking approach is necessary for obtaining the enhanced efficiency from the solar panels. In the case of direct current (DC) application, the output obtained from the photo-voltaic (PV) array cannot be directly connected to the electronic devices. For regulating the output from the PV array, the DC-DC converter is provided in between the load and the array. The converter design plays a significant role to track the maximum power point of the solar panel. This paper describes the design of three converters, namely the boost, buck-boost and buck converter, along with the fuzzy logic controller. It varies the time for switching ON and OFF of the converter concerning changes in the solar panel power. The result of converter power and solar panel for different irradiation is compared for various DC-DC converters. The fuzzy logic controller is employed in the generation of optimal control pulse for the DC-DC converter. Moreover, in the solar photovoltaic system, the steady-state operation is performed and the various solar irradiance results are analyzed. The proposed approach is compared with the various DC-DC converters like buck-boost converter, buck converter and boost converter to prove the efficiency. Then, the performance analysis of the current, voltage and power of PV is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) power is routinely considered during RF application. In contrast, impedance has been relatively poorly studied, despite also influencing RF lesion creation. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of electric impedance on RF lesion characteristics and on clinical RF ablation parameters. Methods and Results: In the first part of the study, power and impedance were systematically varied and the resulting current was calculated using custom‐made software. In the second part of the study, ablation lesions (n = 40) were analyzed in a porcine ex vivo model. RF applications were delivered in cardiac muscle preparations with systematically varied values of electric impedance using a contact force ablation catheter. In the third part of the study, n = 3378 clinical RF applications were analyzed, power, impedance, and current data were exported and correlated with clinical patient data. 20 ± 3 W/80 Ω, 30 ± 3 W/120 Ω, 40 ± 3 W/160 Ω, and 50 ± 3 W/200 Ω RF applications resulted in 498 ± 40, 499 ± 26, 500 ± 20, and 500 ± 16 mA RF current, which were not significantly different (p =.32). Ablation lesions were significantly different in depth and diameter when applied with the same power but different impedances (p <.01); lesion sizes decreased when increasing impedance. In clinical data, a large range of delivered current (e.g., 39–40 W: 530–754 mA) was measured, due to variations in impedance. Conclusions: RF lesion creation is determined by current rather than by power. During clinical RF ablation procedures, impedance significantly influences current delivery and varies considerably between patients. Impedance and current are clinically relevant parameters that should be considered during RF ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Levy flight-based chicken swarm optimization (LFCSO) is proposed to follow the highest power of grid-joined photovoltaic (PV) framework. To analyze the grid-associated PV framework, the characteristics of current, power, voltage, and irradiance are determined. Because of the low yield voltage of the source PV, a big advance up converter with big productivity is required when the source PV is associated with the matrix power. A tale great advance up converter dependent on the exchanged capacitor and inductor is illustrated in this paper. The LFCSO algorithm with the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is used to generate the control pulses of the transformer-coupled inductor DC–DC converter-less switched capacitor. While using the switched capacitor-coupled inductor, the voltage addition is expanded in the DC–DC converter and the power of PV is maximized. Here, the normal CSO algorithm is updated with the help of Levy flight functions to generate optimal results. To get the accurate optimal results, the output of the proposed LFCSO algorithm is given as the input of the ANFIS technique. After that, the optimal results are generated and they provide the pulses for the system. The working guideline is analyzed and the voltage addition is derived with the utilization of the proposed technique. From that point forward, it predicts the exact maximum power of the converter according to its inputs. Under the variety of solar irradiance and partial shading conditions (PSCs), the PV system is tested and its characteristics are analyzed in different time instants. The proposed LFCSO with ANFIS method is actualized in Simulink/MATLABstage, and the tracking executing is examined with a traditional method such as genetic algorithm (GA), perturb and observe (P&O) technique–neuro-fuzzy controller (NFC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melon seed husk (MSH) biochar was used in a single cell direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) as an alternative biofuel. The DCFCs belong to a generation of energy conversion devices that are characterised with higher efficiencies, lower emission of pollutants and MSH biochar as the fuel. Several analytical techniques (proximate, ultimate and thermo-chemical analysis) were employed to analyse the characteristics of the biomass fuel, their effects on the cell's performance, and the electrochemical reactions between the fuel and the electrolyte in the system. High carbon content and calorific values are some of the parameters responsible for good performances. The performance of a lab-scale DCFC made of ceramic tubes using molten carbonate electrolyte was investigated. Binary carbonates mixture (Na2CO3-K2CO3, 38-62 mol.%) was used as electrolyte and the waste MSH carbonised at 450°C as biofuel. A practical evaluation of the fuel used in the DCFC system was conducted, for varying temperature of 100-800³C. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) was 0.71 V. With an applied load resistance and active surface area of 5.73 cm² the maximum power density was 5.50 mWcm-2 and the current density was 29.67 mAcm-2 at 800°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proceedings of the processing through erosion allow the processing of materials irrespective of their durability without a significant effort between the tool and the machine part, irrespective of the complexity of the geometrical form. The proceedings of the processing through electrical and electro-chemical complex erosion are within the group of the erosive processing, together with electrical erosion in an impulse, the chemical erosion, radiation, abrasive erosion and cavitational erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on improving radiofrequency (RF) ablation in cardiac arrhythmia treatment. It discusses the significance of local impedance (LI) sensing technology, electric current distribution, and lesion size control. Topics discussed include the influence of blood pool impedance and catheter orientation on lesion size, the importance of electric current distribution, and the role of LI in estimating lesion size during RF ablation.

Purpose.The scientific work is intended to analyse the expansion of the load range and the implementation of regeneration braking (RB) of the direct current drive by using the supercondenser power storage units. Methodology.To solve the problem, we use the methods of the electric drive theory, impulse electronics and the method of calculation of transient electromagnetic processes in linear electric circuits in the presence of super-condensers therein. Findings.The stiffness of the mechanical and electromechanical characteristics of a series motor is significantly increased, which makes it possible to use a DC drive under load, much smaller than 15…20% of the nominal one. Numerical calculations of the operation process of the supercondenser power storage unit were fulfilled with a sharp decrease in the load of a traction electric motor of a direct current electric locomotive. The possibility of RB of the direct current drive with the series motor is substantiated. The equations of the process of charging and discharging of super-condenser storage unit in RB mode are solved. The authors examined the effect of capacitance on the nature of maintaining the excitation current of an electric motor in the mode of small loads.Originality.The paper developed theoretical approaches for the transformation of soft (mechanical and electromechanical) characteristics into hard ones of DC series motors. For the first time a new, combined method of the series motor RB is proposed and substantiated. Further development obtained the methods for evaluating the storage unit parameters, taking into account the criteria for reliable parallel operation of super-condensers with an electric motor field. Practical value.The proposed and substantiated transformation of soft characteristics into stiff ones allows us to use general-purpose electric drives with series motors and at low loads, and in traction electric drives - to reduce the intensity of electric stockwheel slipping. Thedevelopedmethodofsolvingtransitionalequationsmakesitpossibletotakeintoaccounttherandomnatureofthevoltagechangeonthemotorinsuper-condenserdrivechargeanddischargemodes. The proposed combined method makes it possible to carry out RB at low speeds of the motor armature as well, and thus to increase energy efficiency of operation of electric drives of this type.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has advantages of high efficiency and low cost. However, different welding current processes lead to different heat input and repeated heating treatment during the deposition process, which has an influence on the forming and performance. In this study, 30 layers of reciprocating depositions for 316L stainless steel were carried out by speed cold and speed arc welding processes, and the morphology, effective deposition rate per power, microstructure, and properties of depositions were compared. The outcomes indicated that different welding current processes make different shaping appearances, and the effective deposition rate per power of speed cold welding is 15.2% higher than that of speed arc welding. The microstructures of depositions are columnar crystals; however, the higher power of speed arc welding leads to the coarse structure, and the enhanced thermal cycle and preheating effect produce a uniform hardness and 4.9% higher tensile strength, but lower toughness than those of speed cold welding. Due to the direction of deposition, the tensile strength of depositions by two processes has obvious anisotropy that can reach to 8.18% and 13.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proposed method is the operation of DNN and GBDT together called as DNN-GBDT. • A shadow prior map is constructed by using DNN-GBDT and statistical characteristics. • The performance of the proposed method is implemented in MATLAB. • The key aim is to improve energy production performance of photovoltaic array. • The PV system is dynamically tracking the shadow with the proposed method. This manuscript proposes an effective hybrid approach for shadow detection to increase the energy production of solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays. The proposed method is the joint operation of a deep neural network (DNN), and a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), together called as DNN-GBDT. The key aim is to improve the energy production performance of photovoltaic arrays. The proposed method dynamically reconfigures the PV system by tracking the shadow. The proposed method contains the following: (1) a camera system constantly monitors the photovoltaic array for moving the shadow track, (2) the image processing unit identifies the shading parts as full or partial, (3) the control decision unit finds the optimum panel layout. Then, by merging the original image and the shadow prior map, the deep neural network (DNN) efficiently trains the shadow samples. The output received is given to the GDBT classification and is processed by the identified and the background image to detect the foreground region. By this process, the normal region and the shadow region are detected. The performance of the proposed method is implemented in MATLAB platform and is compared with various existing methods. The maximum power of PV is 490 W, which is higher than the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the activities of the research center for “Energy Saving Technologies and Smart Metering in Electrical Power Engineering" is research work on the use of electronic devices and systems of intelligent power distribution, produced by Analog Devices and equipped with the accurate energy consumption measurement feature. The article focuses on the development of the analyzer of quantity and quality of electric energy.The main part of the analyzer is a metering IC by Analog Devices ADE7878, designed for use in commercial and industrial smart electricity meters. Such counters measure the amount of consumed or produced electric energy with high accuracy and have the means of remote meter reading.

The present study elaborates the suitability of the artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) to predict the thermal performances of the thermoelectric generator system for waste heat recovery. Six ANN models and seven ANFIS models are formulated by considering hot gas temperatures and voltage load conditions as the inputs to predict current, power, and thermal efficiency of the thermoelectric generator system for waste heat recovery. The ANN model with the back-propagation algorithm, the Levenberg−Marquardt variant, Tan-Sigmoidal transfer function and 25 number of hidden neurons is found to be an optimum model to accurately predict current, power and thermal efficiency. For current, power and thermal efficiency, the ANFIS model with pi-5 or gauss-5-membership function is recommended as the optimum model when the prediction accuracy is important while the ANFIS model with gbell-3-membership function is suggested as the optimum model when the prediction cost plays a crucial role along with the prediction accuracy. The proposed optimal ANN and ANFIS models present higher prediction accuracy than the coupled numerical approach.