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A new species of Aloe (Asphodelaceae) is described from Somaliland. It differs from other species in forming large clumps and in having sap that is initially yellow but quickly turns bright red and then dark red or reddish-brown, paniculate red-flowered inflorescences and uniformly coloured leaves with red teeth. Its recognition raises the number of species known from the combined area of Somaliland and Somalia s.s. from 31 to 36. A map portraying species density of Aloe by country, as that genus is now interpreted, shows that Aloe has its highest density on islands in the Indian Ocean but that, within Africa, the greatest density is in countries along the eastern highlands. The data also reinforce the importance of field botanists in determining a country’s known plant diversity.

Aloe trinervis sp.nov. C. S. Purohit, R. N. Kulloli et Suresh Kumar (Figures 2-3) Similar to A. vera but differs from it in having recurved teeth on the leaf margin, 3-nerved bracts, branched inflorescences (90-95 cm long), flowers 31-34 mm long, flower color pale green with brownish at the middle, and longer stamens (29-33 mm). Type. INDIA, Rajasthan, Bikaner district, near Shivbari-Jorbhir, 27 59 50.5 N, 73 21 22.3 E), 12 Sept 2010, Kumar et al. CAZRI / DBG/21 (Holotype BSJO!); CAZRI / DBG/21 - A (Isotype BSJO!). Diagnosis. Perennial, acaulescent, succulent, 30-60 cm tall; suckering from base of stem; stem unbranched, leaves rosulate, linear, 53-(60)-67 10-(12.5)- 15 cm, 1.5-(1.6)- 1.8 cm width at base, recurved, both dorsal and ventral surfaces glabrous with waxy coating, covered with yellowish elongated spots when leaves young, margins armed with brown extrorsely curved deltoid teeth, 2-3 mm long, 3-(3.5)- 4 mm at base, spaced 1.5-(2)- 2.5 cm apart, leaf apices with minute spines, tapering, exudate light yellow, dried leaves persistent, sheath obscure. Inflorescence raceme, erect, branched, 90-(92.5)- 95 cm long, 4 to 7 branched. Peduncle 30(35)- 40 cm long, brownish, racemes lax 20-(35)-50 flowered, 40-(45)- 50 cm long, buds erect, flowers pendent at anthesis, flower surface glabrous, cylindrical; floral bracts dull white, persistent, scarious, 3-nerved, 5-(5.5)- 6 mm broad at base. Pedicels 8-(9)- 10 mm long, brownish, glabrous, curved in flowers. Perianth free, 31-(32.5)- 34 mm long, two whorled with prominent nerves at middle running from base to apex, brown, cylindrical, broader at base, yellowish distally, perianth not narrowed above ovary. Stamens free, six in two whorls, upper half yellow, thin and lower part transparent, curved at base, base of inner whorl broader than outer, 29-(31)- 33 mm long; anther lobes dark brown, basifixed. Stigma capitate, exserted by 2-(3)- 4 mm, style 23-(25)- 27 mm long, greenish yellow. Ovary trilocular, syncarpous, glabrous, yellowish green, axile placentation, many ovules per locule. (Figures 2-3, Table 1). Fruits globose, smooth, and green. Flowering. June-Aug Fruiting. Sept-Oct Etymology. The species epithet trinervis refers to the three nerved floral bracts which are distinctive and unique to this new species. Distribution. The type locality of the new taxon is the protected area of Shivbari-Jorbhir area, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Diagnostic characters. Aloe trinervis sp. nov. shows similarity with Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. in having succulent, rosulate leaves, persistent floral bracts, free tepals and six stamens but differs in the recurved teeth on the leaf margins, 3-nerved floral bracts, branched inflorescence (90-95 cm long), flowers 31-34 mm long, flowers pale green with brownish at middle, and longer stamens (29-33 mm). Conservation status. The new species is rare at the locality. Collected only from four different sites, the extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 500 km 2. So far, only a limited area of occurrence of this species has been found. Based on its area of occupancy and extent of occurrence of A. trinervis is assigned as ���Endangered��� (EN; criteria B 1ab (i, ii) + B 2ab (i, ii) at country level i.e. India). Detailed investigations are therefore needed to confirm its conservation status. Data source: #Character measured from own specimen; ## Live specimens conserve at CAZRI, botanical garden, Jodhpur ### Flora of East Africa (Reynolds, 1966). Ecology. It occurred on sandy gravelly plain and rocky terraces associated with other plant species such as Acacia senegal, Acacia nilotica, Euphorbia tirucalli, Opuntia dillenii, Prosopis cineraria, Prosopis juli fl ora , and Commiphora wightii Comparison of A. trinervis with other Aloes of the world. Comparison of A. trinervis with two other species of aloe in terms of 19 morphological characters is set in Table 1. Leaf color is specific to A. trinervis which does not match with the leaf color of any of the two species. Number of teeth��� s per leaf on both margins in A. trinervis are more (71-(73)-75) than that in A. vera (48-(52)56) and A. rivae (55-(57.5)-60). The teeth shape being recurved is unique to A. trinervis as it is deltoid in all other species. Teeth color is by and large same in all species. Inflorescence length in A. vera and A. rivae is up to 90 cm, whereas in A. trinervis, it is 90-(92.5) 95 cm (Table 1). Peduncle length being 30-(35)- 40 cm in A. trinervis is much more than that A. vera, but in other species, it is 60 cm and above (Table 1). Floral bract length is 5-6 mm in A. trinervis which is more than that of A. rivae (2-4 mm) but less than that in A. vera (8-10 mm). Number of nerves on floral bract are less in A. trinervis (3) than that in all other species (> 5). Flower color is also unique in A. trinervis compared with all other species (Table 1). Flowering and fruiting period of A. trinervis is also distinct (Jun-Aug; Sept-Oct) than all other species (Table 1). Field Note. Local people collect young buds for making pickle and tender leaves for vegetable making. Mature leaves are used medicinally for skin treatments., Published as part of Kumar, Suresh, Purohit, C. S. & Kulloli, Ravikiran N., 2020, Aloe trinervis sp. nov.: A new succulent species from Indian Desert (Asphodelaceae), pp. 325-330 in Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 13 (2) on pages 329-330, DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2020.03.001, http://zenodo.org/record/4395795, {"references":["Reynolds GW. 1966. The Aloes of Tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mbabane, Swaziland: The Trustees. Aloes Book Fund."]}

Key to the Aloe species in India A. Deltoid teeth on leaf margin; floral bract 5-nerved, inflorescence unbranched; flowers 29-30 mm long, orange yellow; stamens 24-26 mm long........................................................ A. vera B. Recurved teeth on leaf margin, floral bract 3-nerved, Inflorescence branched; Flowers 31-34 mm long, pale green, brownish in middle; Stamens 29-33 mm long........................ A. trinervis

A new species of Aloe from the Indian Desert, India, is described and illustrated as Aloe trinervis sp. nov. The new species shows similarity with Aloe vera in having succulent, rosette leaves, persistent bracts, free tepals, and six stamens but differs in the recurved teeth instead of deltoid teeth on the leaf margins, 3-nerved bracts, branched and taller inflorescences (90–95 cm long), longer flowers of 31–34 mm in length, flowers with a pale green color being brownish at middle, and longer stamens (29–33 mm). A detailed description with data on its distribution and relevant taxonomic notes, comparative morphological, and color photo plate are provided for easy identification of the proposed new species, A. trinervis in relation to A. vera.

Aloe trinervis sp.nov. C. S. Purohit, R. N. Kulloli et Suresh Kumar (Figures 2-3) Similar to A. vera but differs from it in having recurved teeth on the leaf margin, 3-nerved bracts, branched inflorescences (90-95 cm long), flowers 31-34 mm long, flower color pale green with brownish at the middle, and longer stamens (29-33 mm). Type. INDIA, Rajasthan, Bikaner district, near Shivbari-Jorbhir, 27 59 50.5 N, 73 21 22.3 E), 12 Sept 2010, Kumar et al. CAZRI / DBG/21 (Holotype BSJO!); CAZRI / DBG/21 - A (Isotype BSJO!). Diagnosis. Perennial, acaulescent, succulent, 30-60 cm tall; suckering from base of stem; stem unbranched, leaves rosulate, linear, 53-(60)-67 10-(12.5)- 15 cm, 1.5-(1.6)- 1.8 cm width at base, recurved, both dorsal and ventral surfaces glabrous with waxy coating, covered with yellowish elongated spots when leaves young, margins armed with brown extrorsely curved deltoid teeth, 2-3 mm long, 3-(3.5)- 4 mm at base, spaced 1.5-(2)- 2.5 cm apart, leaf apices with minute spines, tapering, exudate light yellow, dried leaves persistent, sheath obscure. Inflorescence raceme, erect, branched, 90-(92.5)- 95 cm long, 4 to 7 branched. Peduncle 30(35)- 40 cm long, brownish, racemes lax 20-(35)-50 flowered, 40-(45)- 50 cm long, buds erect, flowers pendent at anthesis, flower surface glabrous, cylindrical; floral bracts dull white, persistent, scarious, 3-nerved, 5-(5.5)- 6 mm broad at base. Pedicels 8-(9)- 10 mm long, brownish, glabrous, curved in flowers. Perianth free, 31-(32.5)- 34 mm long, two whorled with prominent nerves at middle running from base to apex, brown, cylindrical, broader at base, yellowish distally, perianth not narrowed above ovary. Stamens free, six in two whorls, upper half yellow, thin and lower part transparent, curved at base, base of inner whorl broader than outer, 29-(31)- 33 mm long; anther lobes dark brown, basifixed. Stigma capitate, exserted by 2-(3)- 4 mm, style 23-(25)- 27 mm long, greenish yellow. Ovary trilocular, syncarpous, glabrous, yellowish green, axile placentation, many ovules per locule. (Figures 2-3, Table 1). Fruits globose, smooth, and green. Flowering. June-Aug Fruiting. Sept-Oct Etymology. The species epithet trinervis refers to the three nerved floral bracts which are distinctive and unique to this new species. Distribution. The type locality of the new taxon is the protected area of Shivbari-Jorbhir area, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Diagnostic characters. Aloe trinervis sp. nov. shows similarity with Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. in having succulent, rosulate leaves, persistent floral bracts, free tepals and six stamens but differs in the recurved teeth on the leaf margins, 3-nerved floral bracts, branched inflorescence (90-95 cm long), flowers 31-34 mm long, flowers pale green with brownish at middle, and longer stamens (29-33 mm). Conservation status. The new species is rare at the locality. Collected only from four different sites, the extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 500 km 2. So far, only a limited area of occurrence of this species has been found. Based on its area of occupancy and extent of occurrence of A. trinervis is assigned as “Endangered” (EN; criteria B 1ab (i, ii) + B 2ab (i, ii) at country level i.e. India). Detailed investigations are therefore needed to confirm its conservation status. Data source: #Character measured from own specimen; ## Live specimens conserve at CAZRI, botanical garden, Jodhpur ### Flora of East Africa (Reynolds, 1966). Ecology. It occurred on sandy gravelly plain and rocky terraces associated with other plant species such as Acacia senegal, Acacia nilotica, Euphorbia tirucalli, Opuntia dillenii, Prosopis cineraria, Prosopis juli fl ora , and Commiphora wightii Comparison of A. trinervis with other Aloes of the world. Comparison of A. trinervis with two other species of aloe in terms of 19 morphological characters is set in Table 1. Leaf color is specific to A. trinervis which does not match with the leaf color of any of the two species. Number of teeth’ s per leaf on both margins in A. trinervis are more (71-(73)-75) than that in A. vera (48-(52)56) and A. rivae (55-(57.5)-60). The teeth shape being recurved is unique to A. trinervis as it is deltoid in all other species. Teeth color is by and large same in all species. Inflorescence length in A. vera and A. rivae is up to 90 cm, whereas in A. trinervis, it is 90-(92.5) 95 cm (Table 1). Peduncle length being 30-(35)- 40 cm in A. trinervis is much more than that A. vera, but in other species, it is 60 cm and above (Table 1). Floral bract length is 5-6 mm in A. trinervis which is more than that of A. rivae (2-4 mm) but less than that in A. vera (8-10 mm). Number of nerves on floral bract are less in A. trinervis (3) than that in all other species (> 5). Flower color is also unique in A. trinervis compared with all other species (Table 1). Flowering and fruiting period of A. trinervis is also distinct (Jun-Aug; Sept-Oct) than all other species (Table 1). Field Note. Local people collect young buds for making pickle and tender leaves for vegetable making. Mature leaves are used medicinally for skin treatments.

International audience; We provide an up-to-date catalogue of the Coccomorpha Rubsaamen, 1899 of New Caledonia based on studies of collected and curated specimens and on the literature. One hundred and eighteen species (118) in ten families have been recorded to date, in 70 genera. Five of the genera (7.2%) are endemic, belonging to Asterolecaniidae Berlese, 1898 (Oacoccus Williams, 2007), Eriococcidae Cockerell, 1899 (Chazeauana Matile-Ferrero, 1988, Choneochiton Hodgson, 2014) and Monophlebidae Maskell, 1880 (Insulococcus Bhatti, 1991, Tessarobelus Montrouzier, 1864). Twenty-nine (29) species are endemic to New Caledonia, giving a rate of endemism of 24.6%. Most of the species are apparently human-assisted introductions. We provide here first records from New Caledonia for ten (10) species: Aulacaspis rosarum Borchsenius, 1858; Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell, 1891); Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche, 1833); Fiorinia phantasma (Cockerell & Robinson, 1915); Labidaspis myersi Green, 1929; Palmicultor browni (Williams, 1960); Poliaspoides formosana (Takahashi, 1930); Pseudococcus gilbertensis Beardsley, 1966; Pseudococcus orchidicola Takahashi, 1939 and Rhizoecus cacticans (Hambleton, 1946). Despite two introduction attempts for the biological control of weedy cactus, Hypogeococcus festerianus (Lizer y Trelles, 1942) is still considered absent from New Caledonia. Literature records of five species are shown to be erroneous: Dactylopius tomentosus (Lamarck, 1801); Dysmicoccus cocotis (Maskell, 1890); Lindingaspis buxtoni (Laing, 1927); Nipaecoccus filamentosus (Cockerell, 1893) and Clavaspis herculeana (Cockerell & Hadden, in Doane & Hadden, 1909), which are therefore considered absent from New Caledonia.

Evenhuis, Neal L. (2018): Nomenclatural studies toward a World List of Diptera genus-group names. Part VI: Daniel William Coquillett. Zootaxa 4381 (1): 1-95, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4381.1.1

51. Johnsonia Coquillett, 1895m: 316 . ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Johnsonia elegans Coquillett, 1895m. TYPE SPECIES: Johnsonia elegans Coquillett, 1895m, by original designation. CURRENT STATUS: Valid subgenus of Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 [teste Pape (1996: 235)]. FAMILY: SARCOPHAGIDAE. [Labidigaster] Coquillett, 1898e: 234. CURRENT STATUS: Incorrect subsequent spelling of Labigastera Macquart, 1834 or subsequent usage of Labidigaster Macquart, 1844. FAMILY: TACHINIDAE. REMARKS: Criteria to make this name available as an emendation were not found to be fulfilled in this work. The earliest mention of Labigastera Macquart, 1834 that I have found in this study using the spelling “ Labidigaster ” is Labidigaster Macquart, 1844 as an unjustified emendation [teste Evenhuis et al. (2016: 74)]., Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., 2018, Nomenclatural studies toward a World List of Diptera genus-group names. Part VI: Daniel William Coquillett, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 4381 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4381.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3769359, {"references":["Coquillett, D. W. (1895 m) Descriptions of new genera and species. In: Johnson, C. W., Diptera of Florida. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1895, pp. 307 - 319. [20 August]","Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J. E. von (1891) Die Zweiflugler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. V. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria Schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars II.,, 58, 305 - 446. [17 December] [For dating, see Evenhuis (2014).]","Pape, T. (1996) Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8, 1 - 558. [30 July]","Coquillett, D. W. (1898 e) Additions to my synopsis of the Tachinidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 30, 233 - 237. [12 September] https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 30233 - 9","Macquart, P. J. M. (1834) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome Premier. N. E. Roret, Lille, 232 pp. [February] [Dated from its review in the Bulletin Bibliographique des Ouvrages Publies en France sur les Sciences, 1834.] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14274","Macquart, P. J. M. (1844) Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome deuxieme. 3 e Partie. \" 1843 \". Roret, Paris, 304 pp., 36 pls. [February] [The journal version in the Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille, 1842, 162 - 460 came out on 5 August; see Evenhuis (1997: 513) for dating.] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15792","Evenhuis, N. L. Pape, T. & Pont, A. C. (2016) Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part V: Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart. Zootaxa, 4172 (1), 1 - 211. [30 September] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4172.1.1"]}

Aloe alaotrensis J.-P. Castillon, sp. nov. (Fig. 2 A-E) Planta A. sociale cognata est sed, maculatis canaliculatisque foliis, nunquam basi virgulta emittente sed bulbillifera, inflorescentiis longioribus quam foliis, praecipue differt. TYPUS . ��� Madagascar. District d���Ambatondrazaka, ravins �� l���est du lac Alaotra, dans des lambeaux de for��t, 800 m, octobre 1937, H. Humbert 17572 (holo-, P[P00413814]!; iso-, P[P00413816]!) (Fig. 2A). PARATYPI . ��� Madagascar. District d���Ambatondrazaka, VI.1957, J.& M. Peltier 968 (TAN!); VIII.1938, M.G. Cours 625 (P[P01813462, P01813464]!); 1946, A.M. Homolle s.n. (P[P01813476]!) ��TYMOLOGIE . ��� La plante pousse pr��s du lac Alaotra. DESCRIPTION Plante Haute de 30-60 cm, parfois caulescente, ne rejetant pas mais produisant des bulbilles et formant des groupes denses (Fig. 2C-D). Tige 40 �� 2 cm, couch��e puis redress��e. Feuilles R��curv��es, 60 �� 2,5 cm, �� texture molle, allong��es en goutti��res, �� extr��mit��s pointues portant 2 ��pines; face sup��rieure vert marron uni, tachet��e de vert clair sur les jeunes feuilles; face inf��rieure vert clair, tachet��e. ��pines 5 �� 3 mm, blanches �� la base et vertes plus haut, espac��es de 12-18 mm. Suc Peu abondant, vert-jaune virant au brun. Inflorescences 2-4 par rosette, arqu��es ascendantes, longues de 40-50 cm, g��n��ralement simples, exceptionnellement avec une ramification, ��mettant 1-2 bulbilles avant le rac��me. P��doncule Gracile, large et peu ��pais (5 �� 1 mm), ployant sous le poids des fleurs et donc souvent horizontal puis redress�� (Fig. 2D-E), vert-marron tachet�� de blanc. Bract��es 1 �� 3, st��riles, aigu��s, 5 �� 3 mm blanches, scarieuses, avec une nervure marron. Grappe Capit��e ou conique, assez l��che, de 4,5 cm de diam��tre, longue de 4-8 cm, portant environ 8-20 fleurs (Fig. 2B). Fleurs Rouges, blanc-vert �� l���apex. Bract��es florales Delto��des, 2 �� 2 mm, blanc scarieux, avec une nervure centrale marron. P��dicelle Rouge, long de 9 mm. P��rianthe Long de 23 mm, l��g��rement arqu�� clav��, de 4 mm de diam��tre au niveau de l���ovaire, puis r��tr��ci (3 mm) et enfin ��largi �� 5 mm. Segments Soud��s sur les 2/3 basaux, �� extr��mit��s r��curv��es. ��tamines Aussi longues que le p��rianthe, g��nicul��es pr��s de l���ovaire; filaments bruns et jaunes �� l���apex. Style Jaune; stigmates inclus puis exserts de 4 mm. Ovaire Jaune 3 �� 2 mm. Fruits (Fig. 2 E) Baies vertes 18-20 mm ovo��des c��tel��es et �� surface irr��guli��re. Graines Noires, brillantes, 4 �� 3 mm, ovales, �� ar��tes tr��s arrondies, sans ailettes. DISCUSSION Cet Aloe, ��tiquet�� L. cf. socialis au MNHN, est effectivement proche de A. socialis mais en diff��re par de nombreux caract��res importants: les feuilles tachet��es canalicul��es, l���absence de rejets, la pr��sence de bulbilles, les inflorescences tr��s longues et tr��s fines, d���abord couch��es, puis redress��es au niveau du rac��me. L���esp��ce �� mon sens la plus proche est A. propagulifera (Fig. 2F), mais A. alaotrensis est caulescent, a un p��doncule couch��, une grappe l��che, un rac��me plus allong�� et des fleurs plus petites. En fait, A. alaotrensis est tout �� fait interm��diaire entre A propagulifera et A socialis, hormis un point: ses inflorescences tr��s longues et minces qui �� elles seules caract��risent et permettent imm��diatement d���identifier l���esp��ce. STATUT DE CONSERVATION Cette plante a ��t�� trouv��e dans un lambeau de for��t de moins de 1000 m ��, au milieu de collines d��nud��es; elle pousse sur une surface d���une centaine de m��tres carr��s seulement. Lors de mon passage, des feux de brousse ��taient en train de l��cher le bord de ce minuscule et dernier oasis de verdure, et il est �� craindre que la station ne disparaisse par le feu ou par la colonisation par des plantes envahissantes. Je suis bien plus pessimiste pour cet Aloe que pour A. maningoryensis car l���endroit o�� il pousse est encore plus d��grad��, tr��s peu d���habitants des villages voisins connaissent cette plante, et les rares personnes qui la connaissent m���ont affirm�� ne l���avoir trouv��e qu����� cet endroit pr��cis. Malgr�� le fait que la plante se reproduise encore tr��s bien, la probable destruction prochaine de son ultime habitat (�� moins que la plante n���existe encore dans les for��ts vierges du parc de Zahamena) m���incitent �� donner �� cette plante un statut de plante en danger critique d���extinction (CR B2a,b; D)., Published as part of Jean-Philippe Castillon, 2017, Deux nouvelles esp��ces d' Aloe L. (Xanthorrhoeaceae, Asphodelaceae), section Lomatophyllum Rowley, de Madagascar, pp. 7-13 in Adansonia 39 (1) on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a1, http://zenodo.org/record/1095574

Jean-Philippe Castillon (2017): Deux nouvelles espèces d' Aloe L. (Xanthorrhoeaceae, Asphodelaceae), section Lomatophyllum Rowley, de Madagascar. Adansonia 39 (1): 7-13, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a1

Aloe maningoryensis J.-P. Castillon, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Haec planta A. occidentale affinis est sed, nominatis characteribus, praecipue distinguitur: habitu, arcuatioribus et ad basim latioribus foliis, floribus minoribus et prope primos propagines sunt. TYPUS . ��� Madagascar. District d���Ambatondrazaka, berges du fleuve Maningory, pr��s du lac Alaotra, dans des lambeaux de for��t, 17��24���S, 48��43���E, 800 m, J.-B Castillon 59 (holo-, TAN). ��TYMOLOGIE . ��� La plante pousse pr��s de la rivi��re Maningory. DESCRIPTION Plante De grande taille, parfois acaule, elle atteint alors 80 cm de hauteur, parfois d��veloppant une tige courte et ��paisse 50 cm- 1 m de long �� 5-6 cm de diam��tre, d���abord couch��e puis redress��e, sans feuilles s��ches persistantes (Fig 1B). Elle ne rejette pas mais peut vivre en peuplements denses du fait de son mode de reproduction (par bulbilles et graines qui tombent et germent sur place) (Fig. 1C). Rosette de 20-30 feuilles, atteignant 2 m de large. Feuilles Vert vif, parfois rouge��tres au soleil (Fig. 1A, B), unies, la face inf��rieure l��g��rement plus claire, lisses, dress��es-arqu��es, canalicul��es, 60-110 �� 5-8 cm, sans r��tr��cissement �� la base, se terminant en pointe aigu��. ��pines 5 �� 4 mm, assez r��guli��rement r��parties, espac��es de 6-13 mm, de m��me couleur que la feuille mais �� bord blanc cartilagineux-corn��, piquantes sans ��tre blessantes, pr��sentes sur toute la longueur de la feuille sauf sur les 5-7 derniers cm. Suc Jaune-vert sur le frais, peu abondant, peu amer. Inflorescences En moyenne 1 �� 2, jusqu����� 3 par rosette, courb��e, de longueur atteignant 50 cm. 1 �� 3 ramifications, partant du m��me point, un peu au-dessus du milieu du p��doncule. P��doncule et rac��mes dress��s mais parfois courb��s sous leur poids (Fig. 1D). P��doncule vert-rouge, 14 mm de largeur �� 4 mm d�����paisseur �� la base, la premi��re ramification est �� environ 30 cm; pr��sence occasionnelle d���une bulbille. Bract��es st��riles Une premi��re 3 cm avant la ramification du p��doncule et 4 autres apr��s la ramification, 4 �� 3 mm, blanc scarieux avec une nervure centrale ��paisse noire. Rac��me Cylindro-conique, de 20 cm environ, les rac��mes lat��raux l��g��rement plus courts (18 cm), de 6 cm de largeur, assez denses (environ 20 fleurs pour 5 cm); jeunes boutons dress��s, puis horizontaux, fleurs ouvertes pendantes. Fleur (Fig. 1 E) Bract��e triangulaire acumin��e, 3 �� 3 mm, blanc scarieux avec une nervure noire. P��dicelle 11 �� 1 mm, rouge, avec un bourrelet �� la base du p��rianthe. P��rianthe Clav�� arqu��, rouge-rose �� extr��mit�� blanc-vert, de 30 mm de long, de 7 mm de large au niveau de l���ovaire, puis r��tr��ci (5 mm) enfin clav�� (8 mm) et ouvert �� l���extr��mit�� (10 mm). Segments Soud��s sur les 3/4 du p��rianthe, �� extr��mit��s l��g��rement r��curv��es. Filaments Blancs ou d���un vert tr��s p��le, courb��s de 30�� environ apr��s l���ovaire, l��g��rement exserts (2-3 mm). Style Jaune paille, inclus puis exsert de 4 mm. Ovaire 4 �� 3 mm, en forme d���obus, jaune-marron. Fruit Baie sph��rique de 20 mm, verte puis jaune. Graines Noires, 7 �� 5 mm, avec des ar��tes et des petites ailettes (0,5 mm). DISCUSSION Cette nouvelle esp��ce est tr��s proche de A. occidentalis (H. Perrier) Newton & Rowley, elle s���en distingue essentiellement par son port, ses tiges d��pourvues de feuilles s��ches, ses feuilles plus nombreuses, plus arqu��es, plus larges �� la base et ne pr��sentant pas le r��tr��cissement caract��ristique de A. occidentalis, moins grasses, et arm��es de piquants bien plus gros, plus nombreux et plus r��guliers. Les fleurs sont tr��s semblables �� celles de A. occidentalis, mais l��g��rement plus petites et moins color��es. A. maningoryensis est ainsi indiscutablement �� classer dans le groupe de A. occidentalis (avec A. mayottensis Berger et A. megalocarpa Lavranos) mais il a certains traits qui le rapprochent aussi de A. orientalis (H. Perrier) Newton & Rowley (ses larges feuilles arqu��es). Cette esp��ce est donc particuli��rement int��ressante car le fait de trouver �� l���int��rieur des terres un Lomatophyllum �� la morphologie interm��diaire entre ceux des c��tes est et ouest montre le lien existant entre tous ces taxons et est un argument fort en faveur de la monophylie de la section Lomatophyllum. Les bulbilles sont un caract��re important de l���esp��ce. En effet, c���est un caract��re que l���on ne retrouve que chez des Aloe de for��ts humides: chez des Lomatophyllum: A. propagulifera (Rauh) Newton & Rowley (Ambohitantely) et A. schilliana Newton & Rowley (Manongarivo), et chez des Aloe �� capsules: A. rodolphei J.-B. Castillon (Andapa, Marojejy), A. leandrii Bosser (Andasibe) et A. bulbillifera Perrier (Manongarivo). Ces bulbilles permettent une colonisation rapide de l���espace, m��me en l���absence de fruits et les plantes qui en produisent vivent toujours en touffes denses. Il est peu probable que des esp��ces aussi diverses pr��sentant ce caract��re l���aient toutes acquis de mani��re ind��pendante; il est plus logique de penser qu���il s���agisse plut��t d���une aptitude ancestrale, peut-��tre pr��sente mais inactive chez de nombreux autres Aloe, et qu���un habitat prolong�� en for��ts humides permet d���exprimer. Ceci dit, d���autres esp��ces de for��ts humides ne pr��sentent pas ce caract��re (A. rosea (Perrier) Newton & Rowley, A. aurelienii J.-B Castillon, A. martialii J.-B. Castillon ou A. ivakoanyensis Letsara, Rakotoarisoa & Almeda par exemple pour les Lomatophyllum, A. ifanadianae J.-B. Castillon ou A. capitata var. silvicola Perrier pour les Aloe �� capsules), ce qui montre que la ��r��activation�� du caract��re n���est pas automatique; des Aloe de zones s��ches, m��me cultiv��s en environnement humide, ne produiront pas de bulbilles tandis que nos Aloe �� bulbilles continueront �� en produire, m��me sur des plants issus de graines et cultiv��s au soleil. La production de bulbilles doit donc ��tre consid��r��e comme un crit��re important et �� lui seul suffisant pour caract��riser une esp��ce. STATUT DE CONSERVATION Cette plante pousse dans un lambeau de for��t, tr��s d��grad��, d���environ 2000 m ��, o�� son unique population occupe une surface de quelques centaines de m�� pour quelques dizaines d���individus. Vu la pression humaine sur cette r��gion, je doute que cette petite for��t subsiste encore longtemps et cette petite population est vou��e �� disparaitre dans un avenir tr��s proche. Il est �� esp��rer que cette plante se retrouve plus en aval de la rivi��re, ou ailleurs dans une zone prot��g��e, car toute la r��gion du haut Maningory n���abrite quasiment plus aucune for��t primaire. La plante semble n�����tre connue localement que de quelques gens qui arpentent fr��quemment la for��t, en particulier les producteurs de charbon de bois, qui m���ont parl�� d���une autre station �� quelques heures de marche. En l���absence d���autres informations sur la distribution de cette plante, un statut vuln��rable (VU) me semble appropri��., Published as part of Jean-Philippe Castillon, 2017, Deux nouvelles esp��ces d' Aloe L. (Xanthorrhoeaceae, Asphodelaceae), section Lomatophyllum Rowley, de Madagascar, pp. 7-13 in Adansonia 39 (1) on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.5252/a2017n1a1, http://zenodo.org/record/1095574

Castillon, J.-P. & L. Nusbaumer (2014). Aloe gautieri J.-P. Castillon & Nusb. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), a new species from the northeastern coast of Madagascar. Candollea 69: 75–80. In English. English and French abstracts. Aloe gautieri J.-P. Castillon & Nusb. (Xanthorrhoeaceae, Asphodeloideae), a new species from the northeastern coast of Madagascar is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically closely related to Aloe fragilis Lavranos & Roosli but differs in having paler flowers, more elongated racemes, ungrouped cauline leaves forming no compact rosette. The distribution, ecology and conservation status of the new species are presented along with a line drawing and colour pictures.

The native carpenter bee Xylocopa varipuncta frequently made and re-used piercings in tubular corolla bases of nonnative, nectarless Hemerocallis 'Stella de Oro' (Stella de Oro Daylily, HSDO) in the César E. Chávez Memorial Plaza in downtown Sacramento, California. The bees frequently visited HSDO flowers from mid-morning through late afternoon in August 2014 during the 3-yr, severe California drought. Their foraging bouts were up to 10 floral visits, and they were evidently obtaining cell fluid. Nonnative Apis mellifera extended their proboscides through the piercings, acting as secondary cell-fluid robbers. They also may have pollinated HSDO when they collected its pollen. Hemerocallis-flower piercing by native X. virginica virginica is apparently rare, but in the Wehawken Nature Preserve in Bethesda, Maryland, a female pierced succulent, nectarless flowers of two other Hemerocallis cultivars and three unnamed seedlings, possibly obtaining cell-fluid, learning that the flowers did not have nectar, or both during the wet summer of 2015.

Boatwright, James Stephen, Manning, John Charles (2013): Two new species of Trachyandra sect. Liriothamnus (Xanthorrhoeaceae, Asphodeloideae) from the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa. Phytotaxa 155 (1): 59-65, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.155.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.155.1.5

Key to Aloe s. str. and its segregate genera 1. Dichotomously branched trees or large shrubs; leaves unspotted; dried leaves not persistent; flowers cylindrical to cylindric-ventricose, without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments connate in lower half to almost free; mainly southern Africa, with an outlier species in Somalia........................................... 2 - Not dichotomously branched trees or large shrubs; leaves variously spotted to unspotted; dried leaves persistent or not; flowers variously shaped, with or without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments variously connate to free; widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, Arabia, Madagascar and western Indian Ocean Islands.............................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Leaves rosulate, apex tapering; inflorescence branched; southern Africa, with an outlier species in Somalia............. ................................................................................................................................................................... Aloidendron - Leaves distichous, apex rounded; inflorescence simple (unbranched); Western Cape, South Africa (Cape Floristic Region).............................................................................................................................................................. Kumara 3. Plants several-stemmed, shrubby or climbing; leaves spirally arranged, cauline dispersed, sheathing, separated by distinct internodes, unspotted; inflorescence usually simple; flowers cylindrical to slightly clavate or subventricose, sometimes slightly narrowed above the ovary, but without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments ± connate; South Africa (mainly Western and Eastern Cape), with one species just entering Swaziland................................................................................................................................................... Aloiampelos - Plants acaulescent or with simple or branched stems; leaves rosulate or distichous, seldom cauline dispersed, usually not separated by distinct internodes, variously spotted to unspotted; inflorescence variously branched or simple; flowers variously shaped, with or without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments variously connate to almost free; widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, Arabia, Madagascar and western Indian Ocean Islands.......................................................................................................................................................... Aloe

1. Aloe welwitschii Klopper & Gideon F.Sm., nom. nov. Haworthia angolensis Baker (1878: 263). Chortolirion angolense (Baker) Berger (1908: 73). Type:— ANGOLA. Huilla District: flowered November 1859, F.M.J. Welwitsch 3756 (holotype BM000911693!). Etymology: —Since the name Aloe angolensis Baker (1878: 263) already exists, this combination is not available for Chortolirion angolensis. The new name commemorates Friedrich Martin Josef Welwitsch (1806–1872), who collected the type specimen and is estimated to have made over 10,000 botanical collections in Angola, representing around 5,000 species (Albuquerque et al. 2009)., Published as part of Grace, Olwen M., Klopper, Ronell R., Smith, Gideon F., Crouch, Neil R., Figueiredo, Estrela, Rønsted, Nina & Van Wyk, Abraham E., 2013, A revised generic classification for Aloe (Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae), pp. 7-14 in Phytotaxa 76 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.76.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5066711, {"references":["Baker, J. G. (1878) Report on the Liliaceae, Iridaceae, Hypoxidaceae and Haemodoraceae of Welwitsch's Angolan Herbarium. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2 nd series, 1: 245 - 273.","Berger, A. (1908) Liliaceae-Asphodeloideae-Aloineae. In: Engler, H. G. A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV. 38. III, II. Engelmann, Leipzig, 347 pp.","Albuquerque, S., Brummitt, R. K. & Figueiredo, E. (2009) Typification of names based on the Angolan collections of Friedrich Welwitsch. Taxon 58: 641 - 646."]}

2. Aloe barendii Klopper & Gideon F.Sm., nom. nov. Haworthia tenuifolia Engler (1889: 2, t. 1). Chortolirion tenuifolium (Engl.) Berger (1908: 73). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: Kalahari Region, near Kuruman, R. Marloth 1049 (holotype B100165765!, isotype PRE0037837-0!). Etymology: —Since the name Aloe tenuifolia Lamarck (1783: 87) already exists, this combination is not available for Chortolirion tenuifolium. The new name commemorates Barend [Ben] Hermanus Groenewald (1905–1976), who described several new aloes from South Africa during the 1930s and wrote the first book on the aloes of southern Africa that represented an up-to-date treatment for the subcontinent (Groenewald 1941). Despite his valuable contributions towards our understanding of aloes in southern Africa, he did not receive the recognition he deserves and has never been commemorated in the genus Aloe (Anonymous 2010, Figueiredo & Smith 2010)., Published as part of Grace, Olwen M., Klopper, Ronell R., Smith, Gideon F., Crouch, Neil R., Figueiredo, Estrela, Rønsted, Nina & Van Wyk, Abraham E., 2013, A revised generic classification for Aloe (Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae), pp. 7-14 in Phytotaxa 76 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.76.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5066711, {"references":["Engler, A. (1889) Plantae Marlothianae. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora Sudafrikas. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik 10: 1 - 50.","Berger, A. (1908) Liliaceae-Asphodeloideae-Aloineae. In: Engler, H. G. A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV. 38. III, II. Engelmann, Leipzig, 347 pp.","Lamarck, J. B. A. P. M. de. (1783) Encyclopedie Methodique, Botanique 1. Panckoucke, Paris, 748 pp.","Groenewald, B. H. (1941) Die Aalwyne van Suid-Afrika, Suidwes-Afrika, Portugees Oos-Afrika, Swaziland, Basoetoland en ' n Spesiale Ondersoek van die Klassifikasie, Chromosome en Areale van die Aloe maculatae. Nasionale Pers, Bloemfontein, 172 pp.","Anonymous [Van Jaarsveld, E. J.]. (2010) Overlooked by history? Barend Hermanus Groenewald (Ben). Aloe 47: 57 - 59.","Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G. F. (2010) What's in a name: epithets in Aloe L. (Asphodelaceae) and what to call the next new species. Bradleya 28: 79 - 102."]}

3. Aloe jeppeae Klopper & Gideon F.Sm., nom. nov. Chortolirion latifolium Zonneveld & Fritz (2010: 32). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Free State: Bloemfontein near airport, 24 April 2009, G.P.J. Fritz 1025 (holotype PRE!). Etymology: —Since the name Aloe latifolia (Haworth 1804: 7) Haworth (1812: 82) already exists, this combination is not available for Chortolirion latifolium. The new name commemorates Barbara Joan Jeppe (1921–1999), who wrote and illustrated a book on the aloes of South Africa (Jeppe 1969) that is now considered to be valuable historical literature on the genus (Smith & Steyn 2000). Despite her contributions to illustrating the aloes of South Africa, she has never been commemorated in the genus Aloe.

2. Aloe barendii Klopper & Gideon F.Sm., nom. nov. Haworthia tenuifolia Engler (1889: 2, t. 1). Chortolirion tenuifolium (Engl.) Berger (1908: 73). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: Kalahari Region, near Kuruman, R. Marloth 1049 (holotype B100165765!, isotype PRE0037837-0!). Etymology: —Since the name Aloe tenuifolia Lamarck (1783: 87) already exists, this combination is not available for Chortolirion tenuifolium. The new name commemorates Barend [Ben] Hermanus Groenewald (1905–1976), who described several new aloes from South Africa during the 1930s and wrote the first book on the aloes of southern Africa that represented an up-to-date treatment for the subcontinent (Groenewald 1941). Despite his valuable contributions towards our understanding of aloes in southern Africa, he did not receive the recognition he deserves and has never been commemorated in the genus Aloe (Anonymous 2010, Figueiredo & Smith 2010).

Key to Aloe s. str. and its segregate genera 1. Dichotomously branched trees or large shrubs; leaves unspotted; dried leaves not persistent; flowers cylindrical to cylindric-ventricose, without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments connate in lower half to almost free; mainly southern Africa, with an outlier species in Somalia........................................... 2 - Not dichotomously branched trees or large shrubs; leaves variously spotted to unspotted; dried leaves persistent or not; flowers variously shaped, with or without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments variously connate to free; widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, Arabia, Madagascar and western Indian Ocean Islands.............................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Leaves rosulate, apex tapering; inflorescence branched; southern Africa, with an outlier species in Somalia............. ................................................................................................................................................................... Aloidendron - Leaves distichous, apex rounded; inflorescence simple (unbranched); Western Cape, South Africa (Cape Floristic Region).............................................................................................................................................................. Kumara 3. Plants several-stemmed, shrubby or climbing; leaves spirally arranged, cauline dispersed, sheathing, separated by distinct internodes, unspotted; inflorescence usually simple; flowers cylindrical to slightly clavate or subventricose, sometimes slightly narrowed above the ovary, but without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments ± connate; South Africa (mainly Western and Eastern Cape), with one species just entering Swaziland................................................................................................................................................... Aloiampelos - Plants acaulescent or with simple or branched stems; leaves rosulate or distichous, seldom cauline dispersed, usually not separated by distinct internodes, variously spotted to unspotted; inflorescence variously branched or simple; flowers variously shaped, with or without a pronounced constriction above a bulbous basal swelling; perianth segments variously connate to almost free; widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, Arabia, Madagascar and western Indian Ocean Islands.......................................................................................................................................................... Aloe, Published as part of Grace, Olwen M., Klopper, Ronell R., Smith, Gideon F., Crouch, Neil R., Figueiredo, Estrela, Rønsted, Nina & Van Wyk, Abraham E., 2013, A revised generic classification for Aloe (Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae), pp. 7-14 in Phytotaxa 76 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.76.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5066711

The predominantly southern African Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) has long been regarded as comprising seven so-called alooid genera (Aloe, Astroloba, Chortolirion, Gasteria, Haworthia, Lomatophyllum, Poellnitzia). A reassessment of the classification of the traditionally broadly circumscribed genus Aloe, a charismatic Old World group of leaf succulents, has necessitated nomenclatural adjustments. We propose a narrower generic concept for Aloe s. str. and the recognition of segregate genera to reflect accumulating evidence for monophyletic groups: here, the genus Kumara is reinstated and the new genera Aloidendron and Aloiampelos are established. New combinations are made in Aloe for the three species of Chortolirion.

3. Aloe jeppeae Klopper & Gideon F.Sm., nom. nov. Chortolirion latifolium Zonneveld & Fritz (2010: 32). Type:— SOUTH AFRICA. Free State: Bloemfontein near airport, 24 April 2009, G.P.J. Fritz 1025 (holotype PRE!). Etymology: —Since the name Aloe latifolia (Haworth 1804: 7) Haworth (1812: 82) already exists, this combination is not available for Chortolirion latifolium. The new name commemorates Barbara Joan Jeppe (1921–1999), who wrote and illustrated a book on the aloes of South Africa (Jeppe 1969) that is now considered to be valuable historical literature on the genus (Smith & Steyn 2000). Despite her contributions to illustrating the aloes of South Africa, she has never been commemorated in the genus Aloe., Published as part of Grace, Olwen M., Klopper, Ronell R., Smith, Gideon F., Crouch, Neil R., Figueiredo, Estrela, Rønsted, Nina & Van Wyk, Abraham E., 2013, A revised generic classification for Aloe (Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae), pp. 7-14 in Phytotaxa 76 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.76.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5066711, {"references":["Zonneveld, B. J. M. & Fritz, G. P. J. (2010) Three species accepted in Chortolirion Berger (Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae). Bradleya 28: 27 - 36.","Haworth, A. H. (1804) A new arrangement of the genus Aloe. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 7: 1 - 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1804. tb 00276. x","Haworth, A. H. (1812) Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum. Taylor, London, 207 pp.","Jeppe, B. (1969) South African Aloes. Purnell, Cape Town, 150 pp.","Smith, G. F. & Steyn, E. M. A. (2000) Barbara Joan Jeppe (1921 - 1999): botanical artist extraordinaire. Bothalia 30: 119 - 122."]}

Aloë perfoliata Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 319. 1753. "Habitat in Aethiopia." RCN: 2511. Lectotype (Reynolds, Aloes S. Africa: 89, f. 69. 1950): Herb. Linn. No. 442.1 (LINN). Generitype of Aloë Linnaeus (vide Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 146. 1929). Current name: Aloë perfoliata L. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: The lectotype, while clearly an Aloë, apparently cannot be identified to species. Wijnands (Bot. Commelins: 124. 1983) provided current names for each unnamed variety listed in the original description, as did Newton (in Eggli, Ill. Handb. Succ. Pl., Monocots: 133. 2001). The latter appears to treat this name as synonymous with A. ferox Mill., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 279, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë disticha Linnaeus var. plicatilis Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 321. 1753 . "Habitat in Africae rupibus." RCN: 2513. Lectotype (Wijnands, Bot. Commelins: 125. 1983): [icon] " Aloe Afric. arborescens montana non spinosa, folio longiss. plicatili, flore rubro" in Commelin, Hort. Med. Amstelod. Pl. Rar. 2: 5, t. 3. 1701. Current name: Aloë plicatilis (L.) Mill. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 279, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë viscosa Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 322. 1753 . "Habitat in Aethiopiae campestribus." RCN: 2516. Lectotype (Scott in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 36: 98, f. 1. 1981): [icon] " Aloe Afric. erecta triangularis et viscosa" in Commelin, Praeludia Bot.: 82, t. 31. 1703. - Epitype (Breuer & Metzing in Taxon 46: 13. 1997): South Africa. Blackburn Valley, Calitzdorp, 1947, W.F. Barker 5073 (NBG-68204). Current name: Haworthia viscosa (L.) Haw. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Anthericum frutescens Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 310. 1753. "Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei." RCN: 2449. Type not designated. Original material: Herb. Clifford: 122, Bulbine 1 (BM); [icon] in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 2: 310, t. 231, f. 298. 1732. Current name: Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: Van Jaarsveld (in Eggli, Ill. Handb. Succ. Pl., Monocots: 238. 2001) indicated the cited Dillenius plate as type but as this choice was published after 1 Jan 2001, the omission of the phrase "designated here" or an equivalent (Art. 7.11) means that the choice is not effective., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 299, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë perfoliata Linnaeus var. humilis Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1 : 320. 1753. "Habitat in Aethiopia." RCN: 2511. Lectotype (Wijnands, Bot. Commelins: 124. 1983): [icon] " Aloe Afric. humilis spin. et verrucis obsita" in Commelin, Praeludia Bot.: 77, t. 26. 1703. Current name: Aloë humilis (L.) Mill. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 279, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Anthericum alooides Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 311. 1753. "Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei." RCN: 2450. Type not designated. Original material: [icon] in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 2: 312, t. 232, f. 299. 1732. Current name: Bulbine alooides (L.) Willd. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: Wijnands (Bot. Commelins: 129. 1983) stated that the Dillenius plate "might serve as the type", but his uncertainty prevents this being accepted as a formal typification. Kativu (in Kirkia 16: 48. 1997) indicated Clifford material (BM) as the holotype but this appears to be a Gronovius collection now excluded from the Clifford herbarium, and not original material for the name. Subsequently, Van Jaarsveld & Forster (in Eggli, Ill. Handb. Succ. Pl., Monocots: 233. 2001) indicated the Dillenius plate as type but as this choice was published after 1 Jan 2001, their omission of the phrase "designated here" or an equivalent (Art. 7.11) means that the choice is not effective., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 299, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë spiralis Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 322. 1753. "Habitat in Africae campestribus." RCN: 2514. Lectotype (Wijnands, Bot. Commelins: 128. 1983): [icon] "Aloe Afr. erecta rotunda & c. Comm." in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 16, t. 13, f. 14. 1732. Current name: Astroloba spiralis (L.) Uitewaal (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Anthericum planifolium Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum Altera: 224. 1771. "Habitat in Lusitania trans Tagum, prope Capo de Spizel, florens Aprili. D. Vandelli." RCN: 2443. Type not designated. Original material: Herb. Linn. No. 432.4 (LINN). Current name: Simethis mattiazzii (Vand.) Sacc. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 300, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Asphodelus ramosus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 310. 1753. "Habitat in Narbona, Lusitania, Hispania, Italia." RCN: 2440. Lectotype (Díaz Lifante & Valdés in Taxon 43: 249. 1994): Herb. Linn. No. 431.4, inflorescence only (LINN). Generitype of Asphodelus Linnaeus (vide Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 146. 1929). Current name: Asphodelus ramosus L. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: See detailed discussion by Díaz Lifante & Valdés on the usage of this name., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Asphodelus fistulosus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 309. 1753. "Habitat in Gallo-Provincia, Hispania, Creta." RCN: 2439. Lectotype (El-Gadi in Jafri & El-Gadi, Fl. Libya 57: 16. 1978): Löfling s.n. , Herb. Linn. No. 431.2 (LINN). Current name: Asphodelus fistulosus L. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: See Díaz Lifante & Valdés (in Boissiera 52: 140. 1996) who follow El-Gadi but provide a detailed discussion of the protologue elements., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Anthericum asphodeloides Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 311. 1753. "Habitat in Aethiopia." RCN: 2457. Lectotype (Kativu in Kirkia 16: 44. 1996): Herb. Linn. No. 432.11 (LINN). Current name: Bulbine asphodeloides (L.) Spreng. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 299, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Anthericum annuum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 311. 1753. "Habitat in Aethiopia." RCN: 2452. Type not designated. Original material: none traced. Current name: Bulbine annua (L.) Willd. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: See comments by Wijnands (Bot. Commelins: 129. 1983)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 299, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë disticha Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 321. 1753 . "Habitat in Africae rupibus." RCN: 2513. Lectotype (Wijnands, Bot. Commelins: 132. 1983): [icon] " Aloe Afric. flore rubro, fol. maculis ab utraque parte albicantib. notato" in Commelin, Hort. Med. Amstelod. Pl. Rar. 2: 15, t. 8. 1701. Current name: Gasteria disticha (L.) Haw. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: Van Jaarsveld (Gasterias S. Africa: 9. 1994) reproduces the type figure., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 279, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 324. 1753. "Habitat �� in Hungariae, Sibiriae campis uliginosis, at ��. Hybrida & constans, ex India Orientali." RCN: 2526. Type not designated. Original material: Herb. Clifford: 128, Hemerocallis 1 �� (BM); Herb. A. van Royen No. 908.62-564 (L); Herb. A. van Royen No. 908.106-1581 (L). Generitype of Hemerocallis Linnaeus. Current name: Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. (Liliaceae/Hemerocallidaceae). Note: Specific epithet spelled "Lilio Asphodelus" in the protologue. Bailey (in Gentes Herb. 2: 143. 1930) noted the existence of material at LINN but did not designate a type., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part H), pp. 557-585 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 567, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Asphodelus luteus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 309. 1753. "Habitat in Sicilia." RCN: 2438. Type not designated. Original material: Herb. Linn. No. 431.1 (LINN); Herb. A. van Royen No. 908.105-1550 (L); Herb. Clifford: 127, Asphodelus 1 (BM); [icon] in Mattioli, Pl. Epit.: 372. 1586. Current name: Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 327, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë pumila Linnaeus var. arachnoidea Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 322. 1753 . "Habitat in Aethiopiae campestribus." RCN: 2517. Lectotype (Scott in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49: 205, f. 1. 1977): [icon] " Aloe Africana humilis arachnoidea" in Commelin, Praeludia Bot.: 78, t. 27. 1703. - Epitype (Breuer & Metzing in Taxon 46: 4. 1997): South Africa. Buitenstekloof, Langvlei, 1971, M.B. Bayer 153 (NBG No. 110455) (NBG). Current name: Haworthia arachnoidea (L.) Duval (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aletris uvaria (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, Systema Vegetabilium, ed. 13: 277. 1774. ["Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei."] Sp. Pl. 1: 323 (1753). RCN: 2506. Basionym: Aloë uvaria L. (1753). Lectotype (Codd in Dyer, Fl. Pl. Africa 33: t. 1289. 1959): Herb. Clifford: 133, Aloë 14 (BM-000558546). Current name: Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Oken (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 275, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë pumila Linnaeus var. margaritifera Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 322. 1753 . "Habitat in Aethiopiae." RCN: 2517. Lectotype (Wijnands, Bot. Commelins: 13. 1983): [icon] " Aloe Afric. folio in summitate triangulari margaritifera, flore subviridi" in Commelin, Hort. Med. Amstelod. Pl. Rar. 2: 19, t. 10. 1701. - Epitype (Breuer & Metzing in Taxon 46: 9. 1997): South Africa. Karoo Garden ground, Worcester, 1946, R.H. Compton 18963 (NBG-68120). Current name: Haworthia margaritifera (L.) Haw. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: See comments under Aloë pumila L., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë perfoliata Linnaeus var. vera Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 320. 1753. "Habitat in Indiis." RCN: 2511. Lectotype (Wijnands, Bot. Commelins: 127. 1983): [icon] "Kadanaku aut Catevala" in Rheede, Hort. Malab. 11: 7, t. 3. 1692. Current name: Aloë vera (L.) Burm. f. (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 279, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Aloë retusa Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 322. 1753 . "Habitat in Africae argillosis." RCN: 2515. Lectotype (Wijnands, Bot. Commelins: 136. 1983): [icon] " Aloe Africana brevissimo crassissimoque folio flore subviridi [excluding inflorescence]" in Commelin, Hort. Med. Amstelod. Pl. Rar. 2: 11, t. 6. 1701. - Epitype (Breuer & Metzing in Taxon 46: 11. 1997): South Africa. Blikbonnie, 2km E of Riversdale, 1971, J. Dekenah s.n. (NBG-144772). Current name: Haworthia retusa (L.) Duval (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 280, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Anthericum revolutum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 310. 1753. "Habitat - - - –” RCN: 2444. Neotype (Obermeyer in Bothalia 7: 737. 1962): South Africa. Cape, Hermanus, Galpin 12898 (PRE). Current name: Trachyandra revoluta (L.) Kunth (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae)., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 300, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Anthericum hispidum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, ed. 2, 1: 446. 1762. "Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei." RCN: 2453. Type not designated. Original material: [icon] in Miller, Fig. Pl. Gard. Dict. 1: 38, t. 56. 1755. Current name: Trachyandra hispida (L.) Kunth (Liliaceae / Asphodelaceae). Note: Obermeyer (in Bothalia 7: 732. 1962) incorrectly indicated 432.23 and 432.24 (LINN) as syntypes but they do not appear to be even original material for the name., Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part A), pp. 252-342 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 300, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971

Castillon, Jean-Bernard (2000): Deux nouvelles espèces d'Aloe (Liliaceae) de Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 22 (1): 135-138, {"references":["LAVRANOS J.J. 1998. - Neues aus der Gattung Aloe in Madagascar. Kakteen und anderen Sukulenten 49 (7) : 157-164","RAUH W. 1995. - Succulent and xerophytic plants of Madagascar, vol. 1. Strawberry press, Mill Valley."]}

Asphodelus ramosus, spec. nov. 3. Asphodelus caule nudo, foliis ensiformibus carinatis laevibus. Mat. med. 172. Asphodelus caule nudo, foliis laxis. Hort. cliff. 127. Roy. lugdb. 24. Sauv. monsp. 20. Asphodelus albus ramosus mas. Bauh. pin. 28. Asphodelus albus non ramosus. Bauh. pin. 28. Asphodelus. 1. 2. Clus. hist. 1. p. 197. Habitat in Narbona , Lusitania , Hispania , Italia . ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 310, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Aloe spiralis, spec. nov. 5. Aloe floribus sessilibus ovatis crenatis: segmentis interioribus conniventibus. Aloe foliis ovatis acuminatis caulinis quinquefariam imbricatis. Hort. cliff. 132. Hort. ups. 87. Roy. lugdb. 23. Aloe africana erecta rotunda, folio parvo & in acumen acutissimum exeunte. Dill. elth. 16. t.13. f.14. Comm. prael. 83. t.32. Habitat in Africae campestribus. ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 322, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Aloe perfoliata, spec. nov. 1. Aloe floribus pedunculatis crenuis corymbosis subcylindricis. Aloe foliis caulinis dentatis amplexicaulibus vaginantibus. Hort. cliff. 132. Hort. ups. 86. Roy. lugdb. 23. ��. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis magis glaucis caulem amplectentibus & in mucronem obtusiorem desinentibus. Comm. prael. 68. t.17. rar. 44. t.44. ��. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis minus glaucis; dorsi parte suprema spinosa. Comm. prael. 69. t.18. ��. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis glaucis latioribus & undique spinosis. Comm. prael. 70. t.19. ��. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis glaucis brevissimis, foliorum summitate interna & externa nonnihil spinosa. Comm. prael. 73. t.22. rar. 45. t.45. ε. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis glaucis: dorso integro spinoso. Comm. prael. 71. t.20. ��. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis glaucis brevioribus: foliorum parte interna & externa nonnihil spinosa. Comm. prael. 71. t.21. ��. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis glaucis caulem amplectentibus. Comm. hort.2. p.27. t.14. ��. Aloe africana caulescens, foliis spinosis maculis ab utraque parte albicantibus notatis. Comm. hort.2. p.9. t.5. ��. Aloe africana caulescens perfoliata glauca & non spinosa. Comm. prael. 74. t.23. ��. Aloe africana, foliis glaucis: margine & dorsi parte superiore spinosis, flore rubro. Comm. prael. 75. t.24. hort.2. p.23. t.12. ��. Aloe africana maculata spinosa major. Dill. elth. 17. t. 14. f. 15. ��. Aloe africana maculata spinosa minor. Dill. elth. 18. t. 14. f. 16. ��. Aloe africana mitriformis spinosa. Dill. elth. 21. t. 17. f. 19. ��. Aloe succotrina angustifolia spinosa, flore purpureo. Comm. hort. 1. p.91. t.48. Aloe americana, ananae floribus suave rubentibus. Pluk. alm. 19. t. 240. f.4. Habitat in AEthiopia . ��� Plantam �� ad hanc speciem pertinere docuere flores quamvis habitu videatur aliena. Habitat in Indiis . ��� Flores nobis non visi, ideoque non determino; facies tamen ita praecedentis est, ut eandem esse vix dubitarem., Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 319-321, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, spec. nov. 1. Hemerocallis scapo ramoso, corollis monopetalis. Hort. ups. 88. Hemerocallis radice tuberosa, corollis monopetalis. Hort. cliff. 128. Roy. lugdb. 26. Habitat �� in Hungariae , Sibiriae campis uliginosis, at ��. Hybrida & constans, ex India Orientali. ���, Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 324, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989

Aloe pumila var. arachnoidea, var. nov. ��. Aloe africana humilis arachnoidea. Comm. prael. 72. t. 27. ε. Aloe foliis ovato-lanceolatis carnosis apice triquetris: angulis inerme dentatis. Hort. cliff. 131. Hort. ups. 86. Roy. lugdb. 24. Aloe africana minima atroviridis, spinis herbaceis numerosis ornata. Boerh. lugdb.2. p.131. t.131., Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 322-323, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989