Author: "Kuijpers, J." / Topic: physics - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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170 results on '"Kuijpers, J."'

1. Study of the solar anisotropy of cosmic ray primaries of about 200 GeV energy with the L3+C muon detector

Author: Achard, P, Adriani, O, Aguilar-Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M G, Anderhub, H, Andreev, Valery P, Anselmo, F, Arefev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bahr, J, Baldew, S V, Banerjee, S, Banerjee, Sw, Barczyk, A, Barillere, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B L, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J J, Blyth, S C, Bobbink, G J, Bohm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J G, Brochu, F, Burger, J D, Burger, W J, Cai, X D, Capell, M, Cara Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chiarusi, T, Chang, Y H, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, G M, Chen, H F, Chen, H S, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de la Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, van Dalen, J, de Asmundis, R, Deglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degre, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, DeNotaristefani, F, De Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L K, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M T, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Hage, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F J, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M A, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fesefeldt, H, Fiandrini, E, Field, J H, Filthaut, F, Fisher, W, Fisk, I, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Iouri, Ganguli, S N, Garcia-Abia, Pablo, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z F, Grabosch, H J, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M W, Guida, M, Guo, Y N, Gupta, S, Gupta, V K, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L J, Haas, D, Haller, Ch, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z X, Hebbeker, T, Herve, Alain, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, G, Hou, S R, Huo, A X, Hu, Y, Ito, N, Jin, B N, Jing, C L, Jones, Lawrence W, de Jong, P, Josa-Mutuberria, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle-Focacci, M N, Kim, J K, Kirkby, Jasper, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, Konig, A C, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kraber, M, Kuang, H H, Kraemer, R W, Kruger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, Ladron de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Le Coultre, P, Le Goff, J M, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z C, Likhoded, S, Lin, C H, Lin, W T, Linde, F L, Lista, L, Liu, Z A, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y S, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W G, Ma, X H, Ma, Y Q, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Mana, C, Mans, J, Martin, J P, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, McNeil, R R, Mele, S, Meng, X W, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W J, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mnich, J, Mohanty, G B, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, y G S, Muijs, A J M, Musicar, B, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V A, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi-Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Kluge, Hannelies, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J -F, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, Thomas Cantzon, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret-Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroue, P A, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofev, D, Quartieri, J, Qing, C R, Rahal-Callot, G, Rahaman, Mohammad Azizur, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P G, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K C, Razis, P, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, y S, Riles, Keith, Roe, B P, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosemann, C, Rosenbleck, C, Rosier-Lees, S, Roth, Stefan, Rubio, J A, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Saidi, R, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schafer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schmitt, V, Schoeneich, B, Schopper, H, Schotanus, D J, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C Q, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D P, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sulanke, H, Sultanov, G, Sun, L Z, Sushkov, S, Suter, H, Swain, J D, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X W, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, Charles, Ting, Samuel C C, Ting, S M, Tonwar, S C, Toth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K L, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, Van de Walle, R T, Vasquez, R, Veszpremi, V, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Vicinanza, D, Viertel, G, Villa, S, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobev, I, Vorobyov, A A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R G, Wang, Q, Wang, X L, Wang, X W, Wang, Z M, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T A M, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y P, Xu, J S, Xu, Z Z, Yamamoto, J, Yang, B Z, Yang, C G, Yang, H J, Yang, M, Yang, X F, Yao, Z G, Yeh, S C, Yu, Z Q, Zalite, An, Zalite, Yu, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z P, Zhao, J, Zhou, S J, Zhu, G Y, Zhu, R Y, Zhuang, H L, Zhu, Q Q, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zoller, M, Zwart, A N M, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Achard, P, Adriani, O, Aguilar Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M, Anderhub, H, Andreev, V, Anselmo, F, Arefiev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bähr, J, Baldew, S, Banerjee, S, Barczyk, A, Barillère, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J, Blyth, S, Bobbink, G, Böhm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J, Brochu, F, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Cara Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chang, Y, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chiarusi, T, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de la Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, de Asmundis, R, Déglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degré, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, Denotaristefani, F, De Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fiandrini, E, Field, J, Filthaut, F, Fisher, W, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Y, Ganguli, S, Garcia Abia, P, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z, Grabosch, H, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L, Haas, D, Haller, C, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z, Hebbeker, T, Hervé, A, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hoferjun, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, G, Hou, S, Huo, A, Ito, N, Jin, B, Jindal, P, Jing, C, Jones, L, de Jong, P, Josa Mutuberría, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle Focacci, M, Kim, J, Kirkby, J, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, König, A, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kräber, M, Kuang, H, Kraemer, R, Krüger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, Ladron de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Le Coultre, P, Le Goff, J, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z, Likhoded, S, Lin, C, Lin, W, Linde, F, Lista, L, Liu, Z, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W, Ma, X, Ma, Y, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Maña, C, Mans, J, Martin, J, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, Mcneil, R, Mele, S, Meng, X, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mohanty, G, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, G, Muijs, A, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Nowak, H, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, T, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroué, P, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofiev, D, Qing, C, Rahal Callot, G, Rahaman, M, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K, Razis, P, Rembeczki, S, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, S, Riles, K, Roe, B, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosier Lees, S, Roth, S, Rubio, J, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Saidi, R, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schäfer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schmitt, V, Schoeneich, B, Schopper, H, Schotanus, D, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sulanke, H, Sultanov, G, Sun, L, Suter, H, Swain, J, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, C, Ting, S, Tonwar, S, Tóth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, Van de Walle, R, Vasquez, R, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Viertel, G, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobiev, I, Vorobyov, A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Yamamoto, J, Yang, B, Yang, C, Yang, H, Yang, M, Yang, X, Yao, Z, Yeh, S, Yu, Z, Zalite, A, Zalite, Y, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhou, S, Zhu, G, Zhu, R, Zhu, Q, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zöller, M, Zwart, A, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, P.ACHARD, O.ADRIANI, M.AGUILAR-BENITEZ, M.VAN DEN AKKER, J.ALCARAZ, G.ALEMANNI, J.ALLABY, A.ALOISIO, M.G.ALVIGGI, H.ANDERHUB, V.P.ANDREEV, F.ANSELMO, A.AREFIEV, T.AZEMOON, T.AZIZ, P.BAGNAIA, A.BAJO, G.BAKSAY, L.BAKSAY, J.BAHR, S.V.BALDEW, S.BANERJEE, SW.BANERJEE, A.BARCZYK, R.BARILLERE, P.BARTALINI, M.BASILE, N.BATALOVA, R.BATTISTON, A.BAY, F.BECATTINI, U.BECKER, F.BEHNER, L.BELLUCCI, R.BERBECO, J.BERDUGO, P.BERGES, B.BERTUCCI, B.L.BETEV, M.BIASINI, M.BIGLIETTI, A.BILAND, J.J.BLAISING, S.C.BLYTH, G.J.BOBBINK, A.BOHM, L.BOLDIZSAR, B.BORGIA, S.BOTTAI, D.BOURILKOV, M.BOURQUIN, S.BRACCINI, J.G.BRANSON, F.BROCHU, J.D.BURGER, W.J.BURGER, X.D.CAI, M.CAPELL, G.CARA ROMEO, G.CARLINO, A.CARTACCI, J.CASAUS, F.CAVALLARI, N.CAVALLO, C.CECCHI, M.CERRADA, M.CHAMIZO, Y.H.CHANG, M.CHEMARIN, A.CHEN, G.CHEN, G.M.CHEN, H.F.CHEN, H.S.CHEN, T.CHIARUSI, G.CHIEFARI, L.CIFARELLI, F.CINDOLO, I.CLARE, R.CLARE, G.COIGNET, N.COLINO, S.COSTANTINI, B.DE LA CRUZ, S.CUCCIARELLI, R.DE ASMUNDIS, P.DEGLON, J.DEBRECZENI, A.DEGRE, K.DEHMELT, K.DEITERS, D.DELLA VOLPE, E.DELMEIRE, P.DENES, F.DENOTARISTEFANI, A.DE SALVO, M.DIEMOZ, M.DIERCKXSENS, L.K.DING, C.DIONISI, M.DITTMAR, A.DORIA, M.T.DOVA, D.DUCHESNEAU, M.DUDA, I.DURAN, B.ECHENARD, A.ELINE, H.EL MAMOUNI, A.ENGLER, F.J.EPPLING, P.EXTERMANN, G.FABER, M.A.FALAGAN, S.FALCIANO, A.FAVARA, J.FAY, O.FEDIN, M.FELCINI, T.FERGUSON, E.FIANDRINI, J.H.FIELD, F.FILTHAUT, W.FISHER, G.FORCONI, K.FREUDENREICH, C.FURETTA, YU.GALAKTIONOV, S.N.GANGULI, P.GARCIA-ABIA, M.GATAULLIN, S.GENTILE, S.GIAGU, Z.F.GONG, H.J.GRABOSCH, G.GRENIER, O.GRIMM, H.GROENSTEGE, M.W.GRUENEWALD, Y.N.GUO, S.GUPTA, V.K.GUPTA, A.GURTU, L.J.GUTAY, D.HAAS, CH.HALLER, D.HATZIFOTIADOU, Y.HAYASHI, Z.X.HE, T.HEBBEKER, A.HERVE, J.HIRSCHFELDER, H.HOFER, H.HOFER JUN., M.HOHLMANN, G.HOLZNER, S.R.HOU, A.X.HUO, N.ITO, B.N.JIN, P.JINDAL, C.L.JING, L.W.JONES, P.DE JONG, I.JOSA-MUTUBERRIA, V.KANTSEROV, M.KAUR, S.KAWAKAMI, M.N.KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K.KIM, J.KIRKBY, W.KITTEL, A.KLIMENTOV, A.C.KOENIG, E.KOK, A.KORN, M.KOPAL, V.KOUTSENKO, M.KRABER, H.H.KUANG, R.W.KRAEMER, A.KRUGER, J.KUIJPERS, A.KUNIN, P.LADRON DE GUEVARA, I.LAKTINEH, G.LANDI, M.LEBEAU, A.LEBEDEV, P.LEBRUN, P.LECOMTE, P.LECOQ, P.LE COULTRE, J.M.LE GOFF, Y.LEI, H.LEICH, R.LEISTE, M.LEVTCHENKO, P.LEVTCHENKO, C.LI, L.LI, Z.C.LI, S.LIKHODED, C.H.LIN, W.T.LIN, F.L.LINDE, L.LISTA, Z.A.LIU, W.LOHMANN, E.LONGO, Y.S.LU, C.LUCI, L.LUMINARI, W.LUSTERMANN, W.G.MA, X.H.MA, Y.Q.MA, L.MALGERI, A.MALININ, C.MANA, J.MANS, J.P.MARTIN, F.MARZANO, K.MAZUMDAR, R.R.MCNEIL, S.MELE, X.W.MENG, L.MEROLA, M.MESCHINI, W.J.METZGER, A.MIHUL, A.VAN MIL, H.MILCENT, G.MIRABELLI, G.B.MOHANTY, B.MONTELEONI, G.S.MUANZA, A.J.M.MUIJS, M.MUSY, S.NAGY, R.NAHNHAUER, V.A.NAUMOV, S.NATALE, M.NAPOLITANO, F.NESSI-TEDALDI, H.NEWMAN, A.NISATI, T.NOVAK, H.NOWAK, R.OFIERZYNSKI, G.ORGANTINI, I.PAL, C.PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R.PARAMATTI, J.-F.PARRIAUD, G.PASSALEVA, S.PATRICELLI, T.PAUL, M.PAULUZZI, C.PAUS, F.PAUSS, M.PEDACE, S.PENSOTTI, D.PERRET-GALLIX, B.PETERSEN, D.PICCOLO, F.PIERELLA, M.PIERI, M.PIOPPI, P.A.PIROUE, E.PISTOLESI, V.PLYASKIN, M.POHL, V.POJIDAEV, J.POTHIER, D.PROKOFIEV, C.R.QING, G.RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P.RAICS, N.RAJA, R.RAMELLI, P.G.RANCOITA, R.RANIERI, A.RASPEREZA, K.C.RAVINDRAN, P.RAZIS, S.REMBECZKI, D.REN, M.RESCIGNO, S.REUCROFT, P.REWIERSMA, S.RIEMANN, K.RILES, B.P.ROE, A.ROJKOV, L.ROMERO, A.ROSCA, S.ROSIER-LEES, S.ROTH, J.A.RUBIO, G.RUGGIERO, H.RYKACZEWSKI, R.SAIDI, A.SAKHAROV, S.SAREMI, S.SARKAR, J.SALICIO, E.SANCHEZ, C.SCHAFER, V.SCHEGELSKY, V.SCHMITT, B.SCHOENEICH, H.SCHOPPER, D.J.SCHOTANUS, C.SCIACCA, L.SERVOLI, C.Q.SHEN, S.SHEVCHENKO, N.SHIVAROV, V.SHOUTKO, E.SHUMILOV, A.SHVOROB, D.SON, C.SOUGA, P.SPILLANTINI, M.STEUER, D.P.STICKLAND, B.STOYANOV, A.STRAESSNER, K.SUDHAKAR, H.SULANKE, G.SULTANOV, L.Z.SUN, H.SUTER, J.D.SWAIN, Z.SZILLASI, X.W.TANG, P.TARJAN, L.TAUSCHER, L.TAYLOR, B.TELLILI, D.TEYSSIER, C.TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C.TING, S.M.TING, S.C.TONWAR, J.TOTH, G.TROWITZSCH, C.TULLY, K.L.TUNG, J.ULBRICHT, M.UNGER, E.VALENTE, H.VERKOOIJEN, R.T.VAN DE WALLE, R.VASQUEZ, G.VESZTERGOMBI, I.VETLITSKY, G.VIERTEL, M.VIVARGENT, S.VLACHOS, I.VODOPIANOV, H.VOGEL, H.VOGT, I.VOROBIEV, A.A.VOROBYOV, M.WADHWA, R.G.WANG, Q.WANG X.L.WANG, X.W.WANG, Z.M.WANG, M.WEBER, R.VAN WIJK, T.A.M.WIJNEN, H.WILKENS, S.WYNHOFF, L.XIA, Y.P.XU, J.S.XU, Z.Z.XU, J.YAMAMOTO, B.Z.YANG, C.G.YANG, H.J.YANG, M.YANG, X.F.YANG, Z.G.YAO, S.C.YEH, Z.Q.YU, AN.ZALITE, YU.ZALITE, C.ZHANG, F.ZHANG, J.ZHANG, S.ZHANG, Z.P.ZHANG, J.ZHAO, S.J.ZHOU, G.Y.ZHU, R.Y.ZHU, Q.Q.ZHU, H.L.ZHUANG, A.ZICHICHI, B.ZIMMERMANN, M.ZOELLER, A.N.M.ZWART., P., Achard, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, and Straessner, Arno
Subjects: ISM: cosmic rays, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, L3+C, Cosmic Rays, Cosmic ray, Context (language use), Astrophysics, ddc:500.2, Sun: solar wind, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, plasmas, sun : magnetic fields, Sun : solar wind, interplanetary, medium, ISM : cosmic rays, Astronomy & Astrophysics, law, Solar wind(sun), Magnetic fields(sun), 0103 physical sciences, cosmic rays [ISM], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Collider, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Sun: magnetic fields, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Isotropy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, solar wind [Sun], magnetic fields [Sun], Space and Planetary Science, Sidereal time, Plasmas, Experimental High Energy Physics, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Interplanetary medium
Abstract: Context. Primary cosmic rays experience multiple deflections in the non-uniform galactic and heliospheric magnetic fields which may generate anisotropies. Aims. A study of anisotropies in the energy range between 100 and 500 GeV is performed. This energy range is not yet well explored. Methods. The L3 detector at the CERN electron-positron collider, LEP, is used for a study of the angular distribution of atmospheric muons with energies above 20 GeV. This distribution is used to investigate the isotropy of the time-dependent intensity of the primary cosmic-ray flux with a Fourier analysis. Results. A small deviation from isotropy at energies around 200 GeV is observed for the second harmonics at the solar frequency. No sidereal anisotropy is found at a level above 10-4 . The measurements were performed in the years 1999 and 2000., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2008
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2. The solar flare of the 14th of July 2000 : L3+C detector results

Author: Achard, P., Adriani, O., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Van Den Akker, M., Alcaraz, J., Alemanni, G., Allaby, J., Aloisio, A., Alviggi, M.G., Anderhub, H., Andreev, V.P., Anselmo, F., Arefiev, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Bagnaia, P., Bajo, A., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Bähr, J., Baldew, S.V., Banerjee, S., Banerjee, Sw., Barczyk, A., Barillère, R., Bartalini, P., Basile, M., Batalova, N., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Bellucci, L., Berbeco, R., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B.L., Biasini, M., Biglietti, M., Biland, A., Blaising, J.J., Blyth, S.C., Bobbink, G.J., Böhm, A., Boldizsar, L., Borgia, B., Bottai, S., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Braccini, S., Branson, J.G., Brochu, F., Burger, J.D., Burger, W.J., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Cara Romeo, G., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A., Casaus, J., Cavallari, F., Cavallo, N., Cecchi, C., Cerrada, M., Chamizo, M., Chang, Y.H., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, G., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.F., Chen, H.S., Chiarusi, T., Chiefari, G., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Costantini, S., De La Cruz, B., Cucciarelli, S., De Asmundis, R., Déglon, P., Debreczeni, J., Degré, A., Dehmelt, K., Deiters, K., Della Volpe, D., Delmeire, E., Denes, P., DeNotaristefani, F., De Salvo, A., Diemoz, M., Dierckxsens, M., Ding, L.K., Dionisi, C., Dittmar, M., Doria, A., Dova, M.T., Duchesneau, D., Duda, M., Duran, I., Echenard, B., Eline, A., El Hage, A., El Mamouni, H., Engler, A., Eppling, F.J., Extermann, P., Faber, G., Falagan, M.A., Falciano, S., Favara, A., Fay, J., Fedin, O., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J.H., Filthaut, F., Fisher, P.H., Fisher, W., Fisk, I., Forconi, G., Freudenreich, K., Furetta, C., Galaktionov, Yu., Ganguli, S.N., Garcia-Abia, P., Gataullin, M., Gentile, S., Giagu, S., Gong, Z.F., Grabosch, H.J., Grenier, G., Grimm, O., Groenstege, H., Gruenewald, M.W., Guida, M., Guo, Y.N., Gupta, S.K., Gupta, V.K., Gurtu, A., Gutay, L.J., Haas, D., Haller, Ch., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hayashi, Y., He, Z.X., Hebbeker, T., Hervé, A., Hirschfelder, J., Hofer, H., Hofer Jr., H., Hohlmann, M., Holzner, G., Hou, S.R., Huo, A.X., Ito, N., Jin, B.N., Jindal, P., Jing, C.L., Jones, L.W., De Jong, P., Josa-Mutuberría, I., Kantserov, V., Kaur, M., Kawakami, S., Kienzle-Focacci, M.N., Kim, J.K., Kirkby, J., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., König, A.C., Kok, E., Korn, A., Kopal, M., Koutsenko, V., Kräber, M., Kuang, H.H., Kraemer, R.W., Krüger, A., Kuijpers, J., Kunin, A., Ladron De Guevara, P., Laktineh, I., Landi, G., Lebeau, M., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Le Coultre, P., Le Goff, J.M., Lei, Y., Leich, H., Leiste, R., Levtchenko, M., Levtchenko, P., Li, C., Li, L., Li, Z.C., Likhoded, S., Lin, C.H., Lin, W.T., Linde, F.L., Lista, L., Liu, Z.A., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Lu, Y.S., Luci, C., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., Ma, W.G., Ma, X.H., Ma, Y.Q., Malgeri, L., Malinin, A., Maña, C., Mans, J., Martin, J.-P., Marzano, F., Mazumdar, K., McNeil, R.R., Mele, S., Meng, X.W., Merola, L., Meschini, M., Metzger, W.J., Mihul, A., Van Mil, A., Milcent, H., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Mohanty, G.B., Monteleoni, B., Muanza, G.-S., Muijs, A.J.M., Musicar, B., Musy, M., Nagy, S., Nahnhauer, R., Naumov, V.A., Natale, S., Napolitano, M., Nessi-Tedaldi, F., Newman, H., Nisati, A., Novak, T., Nowak, H., Ofierzynski, R., Organtini, G., Pal, I., Palomares, C., Paolucci, P., Paramatti, R., Parriaud, J.-F., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, S., Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Paus, C., Pauss, F., Pedace, M., Pensotti, S., Perret-Gallix, D., Petersen, B., Piccolo, D., Pierella, F., Pieri, M., Pioppi, M., Piroué, P.A., Pistolesi, E., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Pothier, J., Prokofiev, D., Quartieri, J., Qing, C.R., Rahal-Callot, G., Rahaman, M.A., Raics, P., Raja, N., Ramelli, R., Rancoita, P.G., Ranieri, R., Raspereza, A., Ravindran, K.C., Razis, P., Ren, D., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Rewiersma, P., Riemann, S., Riles, K., Roe, B.P., Rojkov, A., Romero, L., Rosca, A., Rosemann, C., Rosenbleck, C., Rosier-Lees, S., Roth, S., Rubio, J.A., Ruggiero, G., Rykaczewski, H., Saidi, R., Sakharov, A., Saremi, S., Sarkar, S., Salicio, J., Sanchez, E., Schäfer, C., Schegelsky, V., Schmitt, Vivien, Schoeneich, B., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D.J., Sciacca, C., Servoli, L., Shen, C.Q., Shevchenko, S., Shivarov, N., Shoutko, V., Shumilov, E., Shvorob, A., Son, D., Souga, C., Spillantini, P., Steuer, M., Stickland, D.P., Stoyanov, B., Straessner, A., Sudhakar, K., Sulanke, H., Sultanov, G., Sun, L.Z., Sushkov, S., Suter, H., Swain, J.D., Szillasi, Z., Tang, X.W., Tarjan, P., Tauscher, L., Taylor, L., Tellili, B., Teyssier, D., Timmermans, C., C.C. 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ZWART, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, Straessner, Arno, Achard, P, Adrian, O, Aguilar Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M, Anderhub, H, Andreev, V, Anselmo, F, Arefiev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bähr, J, Baldew, S, Banerjee, S, Barczyk, A, Barillère, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J, Blyth, S, Bobbink, G, Böhm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J, Brochu, F, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Cara Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chiarusi, T, Chang, Y, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de la Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, de Asmundis, R, Déglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degré, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, Denotaristefani, F, De Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Hage, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fesefeldt, H, Fiandrini, E, Field, J, Filthaut, F, Fisher, W, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Y, Ganguli, S, Garcia Abia, P, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z, Grabosch, H, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M, Guida, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L, Haas, D, Haller, C, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z, Hebbeker, T, Hervé, A, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, A, Hou, S, Huo, A, Ito, N, Jin, B, Jindal, P, Jing, C, Jones, L, de Jong, P, Josa Mutuberría, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle Focacci, M, Kim, J, Kirkby, J, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, König, A, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kräber, M, Kuang, H, Kraemer, R, Krüger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, Ladron de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Le Coultre, P, Le Goff, J, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z, Likhoded, S, Lin, C, Lin, W, Linde, F, Lista, L, Liu, Z, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W, Ma, X, Ma, Y, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Maña, C, Mans, J, Martin, J, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, Mcneil, R, Meng, X, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mnich, J, Mohanty, G, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, G, Muijs, A, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Nowak, H, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, T, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroué, P, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofiev, D, Qing, C, Rahal Callot, G, Rahaman, M, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K, Razis, P, Rembeczki, S, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, S, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosemann, C, Rosenbleck, C, Rosier Lees, S, Roth, S, Rubio, J, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schäfer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schoeneich, B, Schotanus, D, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sultanov, G, Sun, L, Sushkov, S, Suter, H, Swain, J, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, C, Ting, S, Tonwar, S, Tóth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, Van de Walle, R, Vasquez, R, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Viertel, G, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobiev, I, Vorobyov, A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y, Xu, Z, Yang, B, Yang, C, Yang, H, Yang, M, Yang, X, Yao, Z, Yeh, S, Yu, Z, Zalite, A, Zalite, Y, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhou, S, Zhu, G, Zhu, R, Zhu, Q, Zhuang, H, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zöller, M, and Zwart, A
Subjects: L3+C,Sun flares, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ion, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Acceleration, Coincident, Coronal mass ejections(CMEs), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, high energy muons, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Muon, Solar flare, Flares, Astronomy and Astrophysics, solar flare, LEP, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Experimental High Energy Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Heliosphere, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Aims. Several experiments have reported observations on possible correlations between the flux of high energy muons and intense solar flares. If confirmed, these observations would have significant implications for acceleration processes in the heliosphere able to accelerate protons and other ions to energies of at least tens of GeV. Methods. The solar flare of the 14 of July 2000 offered a unique opportunity for the L3+C experiment to search for a correlated enhancement in the flux of muons using the L3 precision muon spectrometer. Its capabilities for observing a directional excess in the flux of muons above 15 GeV (corresponding to primary proton energies above 40 GeV) are presented along with observations made on the 14th of July 2000. Results. We report an excess which appeared at a time coincident with the peak increase of solar protons observed at lower energies. The probability that the excess is a background fluctuation is estimated to be 1 %. No similar excess of the muon flux was observed up to 1.5 h after the solar flare time. © ESO 2006.
Published: 2006
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3. Reconstructing energy and Xmax of cosmic ray air showers using the radio lateral distribution measured with LOPES

Author: Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Fuchs, B., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmid, A., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J. A.
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, LOPES, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Digital radio, Computational physics, Interferometry, Distribution function, Air shower, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Noise (radio), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The LOPES experiment, a digital radio interferometer located at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), obtained remarkable results for the detection of radio emission from extensive air showers at MHz frequencies. Features of the radio lateral distribution function (LDF) measured by LOPES are explored in this work for a precise reconstruction of two fundamental air shower parameters: the primary energy and the shower Xmax. The method presented here has been developed on (REAS3-)simulations, and is applied to LOPES measurements. Despite the high human-made noise at the LOPES site, it is possible to reconstruct both the energy and Xmax for individual events. On the one hand, the energy resolution is promising and comparable to the one of the co-located KASCADE-Grande experiment. On the other hand, Xmax values are reconstructed with the LOPES measurements with a resolution of 90 g/cm2 . A precision on Xmax better than 30 g/cm2 is predicted and achievable in a region with a lower human-made noise level., 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings ARENA 2012
Published: 2013

4. Observation of a VHE cosmic-ray flare-signal with the L3+C muon spectrometer

Author: Adriani, O., van den Akker, M., Aziz, T., Bähr, J., Banerjee, S., Becattini, F., Bellucci, L., Betev, B. L., Blaising, J. J., Bobbink, G. J., Bottai, S., Bourilkov, D., Cartacci, A., Chemarin, M., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chiarusi, T., Coignet, G., Ding, L. K., Duran, I., Eline, A., El Mamounim, H., Faber, G., Faym, J., Filthaut, F., Ganguli, S. N., Gong, Z. F., Grabosch, H. J., Groenstege, H., Guo, Y. N., Gupta, S., Gurtu, A., Haller, C., Hayashi, Y., He, Z. X., Hebbeker, T., Herve, A., Hofer, H., Huo, A. X., Ito, N., Jing, C. L., Jones, L. W., Kantserov, V., Kawakami, S., Kittel, W., König, A. C., Kok, E., Kuang, H. H., Kuijpers, J., Ladron de Guevara, P., Le Coultre, P., Lei, Y., Leich, H., Leiste, R., Li, L., Li, Z. C., Liu, Z. A., Lohmann, W., Lu, Y. S., Mal, W. G., Mae, X. H., Mae, Y. Q., Mele, S., Meng, X. W., Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., van Mil, A., Milcent, H., Mohanty, G. B., Monteleoni, B., Nahnhauer, R., Naumov, V. A., Nowak, H., Parriaud, J.-F., Pauss, F., Petersen, B., Pieri, M., Pohl, M., Pojidaev, V., Qing, C. R., Ramelli, R., Ranieri, R., Ravindran, K. C., Rewiersma, P., Riemann, S., Rojkov, A., Romero, L., Schmitt, V., Schoeneich, B., Schotanus, D. J., Shen, C. Q., Spillantini, P., Sulanke, H., Tang, X. W., Timmermans, C., Tonwar, S. C., Trowitzsch, G., Unger, M., Verkooijen, H., Van de Walle, R. T., Vogt, H., Wang, R. G., Wang, Q., Wangl, X. L., Wange, X. W., Wangl, Z. M., van Wijk, R., Wijnen, T. A. M., Wilkens, H., Xu, Y. P., Xu, J. S., Xu, Z. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, X. F., Yao, Z. G., Yu, Z. Q., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhou, S. J., Zhu, G. Y., Zhu, Q. Q., Zhuang, H. L., Zwart, A. N. M., L3 Collaboration, Pohl, Martin, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and L3
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, L3+C spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gamma source, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Collider, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Muons, COSMIC cancer database, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Sky, ddc:540, Experimental High Energy Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Longitude, Flare
Abstract: The data collected by the L3+C muon spectrometer at the CERN Large Electron–Positron collider, LEP, have been used to search for short duration signals emitted by cosmic point sources. A sky survey performed from July to November 1999 and from April to November 2000 has revealed one single flux enhancement ( chance probability = 2.6 × 10 - 3 ) between the 17th and 20th of August 2000 from a direction with a galactic longitude of (265.02 ± 0.42)° and latitude of (55.58 ± 0.24)°. The energy of the detected muons was above 15 GeV.
Published: 2010
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5. Amplified radio emission from cosmic ray air showers in thunderstorms

Author: Buitink, S., Apel, W. D., Asch, T., Badea, F., Bahren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Biermann, P. L., Blumer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Bruggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, Andrea, Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Horandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K. H., Kolotaev, Y., Kromer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, Gianni Maria, Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschlager, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stumpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J. A., and Zimmermann, D.
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radiation, Particle acceleration, Air shower, Space and Planetary Science, Electric field, Ionization, Thunderstorm
Abstract: Cosmic ray air showers produce radio emission, consisting in large part of geosynchrotron emission. Since the radiation mechanism is based on particle acceleration, the atmospheric electric field can play an important role. Especially inside thunderclouds large electric fields can be present. We examine the contribution of an electric field to the emission mechanism theoretically and experimentally. Two mechanisms of amplification of radio emission are considered: the acceleration radiation of the shower particles and the radiation from the current that is produced by ionization electrons moving in the electric field. We selected and evaluated LOPES data recorded during thunderstorms, periods of heavy cloudiness and periods of cloudless weather. We find that during thunderstorms the radio emission can be strongly enhanced. No amplified pulses were found during periods of cloudless sky or heavy cloudiness, suggesting that the electric field effect for radio air shower measurements can be safely ignored during non-thunderstorm conditions., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A, 11 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2007
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6. Measurement of the shadowing of high-energy cosmic rays by the Moon: A search for TeV-energy antiprotons

Author: Achard, P., Adriani, O., Aguilar Benitez, M., Van Den Akker, M., Alcaraz, J., Alemanni, G., Allaby, J., Aloisio, A., Alviggi, M. G., Anderhub, H., Andreev, V. P., Anselmo, F., Arefiev, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Bagnaia, Paolo, Bajo, A., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Bahr, J., Baldew, S. V., Banerjee, S., Banerjee, Sw, Barczyk, A., Barillere, R., Bartalini, P., Basile, M., Batalova, N., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Bellucci, L., Berbeco, R., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biglietti, M., Biland, A., Blaising, J. J., Blyth, S. C., Bobbink, G. J., Bohm, A., Boldizsar, L., Borgia, Bruno, Bottai, S., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Braccini, S., Branson, J. G., Brochu, F., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Romeo, G. C., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A., Casaus, J., Cavallari, F., Cavallo, N., Cecchi, C., Cerrada, M., Chamizo, M., Chiarusi, T., Chang, Y. H., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chiefari, G., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Clare, I., Clare, R., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Costantini, S., De La Cruz, B., Cucciarelli, S., De Asmundis, R., Deglon, P., Debreczeni, J., Degre, A., Dehmelt, K., Deiters, K., Della Volpe, D., Delmeire, E., Denes, P., Denotaristefani, F., De Salvo, A., Diemoz, M., Dierckxsens, M., Ding, L. K., Dionisi, Carlo, Dittmar, M., Doria, A., Dova, M. T., Duchesneau, D., Duda, M., Duran, I., Echenard, B., Eline, A., El Hage, A., El Mamouni, H., Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Extermann, P., Faber, G., Falagan, M. A., Falciano, S., Favara, A., Fay, J., Fedin, O., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J. H., Filthaut, F., Fisher, P. H., Fisher, W., Fisk, I., Forconi, G., Freudenreich, K., Furetta, C., Galaktionov, Y., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia Abia, P., Gataullin, M., Gentile, Simonetta, Giagu, Stefano, Gong, Z. F., Grabosch, H. J., Grenier, G., Grimm, O., Groenstege, H., Gruenewald, M. W., Guida, M., Guo, Y. N., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gutay, L. J., Haas, D., Haller, C., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hayashi, Y., Z. X., He, Hebbeker, T., Herve, A., Hirschfelder, J., Hofer, H., Hohlmann, M., Holzner, G., Hou, S. R., Huo, A. X., Ito, N., Jin, B. N., Jindal, P., Jing, C. L., Jones, L. W., De Jong, P., Josa Mutuberria, I., Kantserov, V., Kaur, M., Kawakami, S., Kienzle Focacci, M. N., Kim, J. K., Kirkby, J., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., Konig, A. C., Kok, E., Korn, A., Kopal, M., Koutsenko, V., Kraber, M., Kuang, H. H., Kraemer, R. W., Kruger, A., Kuijpers, J., Kunin, A., De Guevara, P. L., Laktineh, I., Landi, G., Lebeau, M., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Le Coultre, P., Le Goff, J. M., Lei, Y., Leich, H., Leiste, R., Levtchenko, M., Levtchenko, P., Li, C., Li, L., Z. C., Li, Likhoded, S., Lin, C. H., Lin, W. T., Linde, F. L., Lista, L., Liu, Z. A., Lohmann, W., Longo, Egidio, Y. S., Lu, Luci, Claudio, Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., W. G., Ma, X. H., Ma, Y. 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ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, M. VAN DEN AKKER, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, J. BAEHR, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U.BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, T. CHIARUSI, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, L.K. DING, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, I. DURAN, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, G. FABER, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, I. FISK, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, H.J. GRABOSCH, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, H. GROENSTEGE, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, Y.N. GUO, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, CH. HALLER, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, Y. HAYASHI, Z.X. HE, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, H. HOFER JUN., M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, A.X.HUO, N. ITO, B.N. JIN, P. JINDAL, C.L. JING, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, V. KANTSEROV, M. KAUR, S. KAWAKAMI, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KOENIG, E. KOK, A. KORN, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, H.H. KUANG, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRUEGER, J. KUIJPERS, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P.LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, Y. LEI, H. LEICH, R. LEISTE, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, L. LI, Z.C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, X.H. MA, Y.Q. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MANA, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, R.R. MCNEIL, S. MELE, X.W. MENG, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, A. VAN MIL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, B. MONTELEONI, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, B. MUSICAR, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, R. NAHNHAUER, V.A. NAUMOV, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, J.F. PARRIAUD, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, B. PETERSEN, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIERI, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUE, E. PISTOLESI, V. PLYASKIN, M. POHL, V. POJIDAEV, J.POTHIER, D.PROKOFIEV, J.QUARTIERI, C.R.QING, G.RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P. RAICS, N. RAJA, R. RAMELLI, P.G. RANCOITA, R. RANIERI, A. RASPEREZA, K.C. RAVINDRAN, P. RAZIS, D.REN, M. RESCIGNO, S. REUCROFT, P. REWIERSMA, S. RIEMANN, K. RILES, B.P. ROE, A. ROJKOV, L. ROMERO, A. ROSCA, C. ROSEMANN, C. ROSENBLECK, S. ROSIER-LEES, S. ROTH, J.A. RUBIO, G. RUGGIERO, H. RYKACZEWSKI, R. SAIDI, A. SAKHAROV, S. SAREMI, S. SARKAR, J. SALICIO, E. SANCHEZ, C. SCHAEFER, V. SCHEGELSKY, V. SCHMITT, B. SCHOENEICH, H. SCHOPPER, D.J. SCHOTANUS, C. SCIACCA, L. SERVOLI, C.Q. SHEN, S. SHEVCHENKO, N. SHIVAROV, V. SHOUTKO, E. SHUMILOV, A. SHVOROB, D. SON, C. SOUGA, P. SPILLANTINI, M. STEUER, D.P. STICKLAND, B. STOYANOV, A. STRAESSNER, K. SUDHAKAR, H. SULANKE, G. SULTANOV, L.Z. SUN, S. SUSHKOV, H. SUTER, J.D. SWAIN, Z. SZILLASI, X.W. TANG, P. TARJAN, L. TAUSCHER, L. TAYLOR, B. TELLILI, D. TEYSSIER, C. TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, S.C. TONWAR, J. TOTH, G. TROWITZSCH, C. TULLY, K.L. TUNG, J. ULBRICHT, M. UNGER, E. VALENTE, H. VERKOOIJEN, R.T. VAN DE WALLE, R. VASQUEZ, V. VESZPREMI, G. VESZTERGOMBI, I. VETLITSKI, D. VICINANZA, G. VIERTEL, S. VILLA, M. VIVARGENT, S. VLACHOS, I. VODOPIANOV, H. VOGEL, H. VOGT, I. VOROBIEV, A.A. VOROBYOV, M. WADHWA, Q. WANG, X.L. WANG, X.W. WANG, Z.M. WANG, M. WEBER, R. VAN WIJK, T.A.M. WIJNEN, H. WILKENS, S. WYNHOFF, L. XIA, Y.P. XU, J.S. XU, Z.Z. XU, J. YAMAMOTO, B.Z. YANG, C.G. YANG, H.J. YANG, M. YANG, X.F. YANG, Z.G. YAO, S.C. YEH, Z.Q. YU, AN. ZALITE, YU. ZALITE, C. ZHANG, F. ZHANG, J. ZHANG, S. ZHANG, Z.P. ZHANG, J. ZHAO, S.J. ZHOU, G.Y. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, Q.Q. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, M. ZOELLER, and A.N.M. ZWART
Subjects: Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Protones, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Luna, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Nuclear Experiment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radiación cósmica, 3. Good health, Antiproton, Experimental High Energy Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The shadowing of high-energy cosmic rays by the Moon has been observed with a significance of 9.4 standard deviations with the L3 + C muon spectrometer at CERN. A significant effect of the Earth magnetic field is observed. Since no event deficit on the east side of the Moon has been observed, an upper limit at 90% confidence level on the antiproton to proton ratio of 0.11 is obtained for primary energies around 1 TeV., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2005
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7. Nonlinear Oscillators.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: A quasiharmonic Hamiltonian system is a system whose unperturbed part H0(J) is a linear function of the actions. That is, 10.1$$ H = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^N {w_i } J_i + R(q,J,\varepsilon ), $$ where ωi = const and R is a 2π-periodic function of the angles θi, analytical in ε and vanishing for ε = 0. This system is a paradigm of many conservative nonlinear systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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8. Lie Series Theory for Resonant Systems.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: The integration of the homological equation of the general perturbation theories of Chaps. 3 and 6 is only possible when the short-period frequencies $$ \nu _\mu ^* $$ (μ = 1..., M) obey the non-resonance condition 8.1$$ (h\nu *) = \sum\limits_{\mu = 1}^M {h_\mu } \nu _\mu ^* \ne 0 $$ for all h ≡ (h1..., hM) ∈ ZM appearing in the right-hand-side trigonometric polynomials. The strong restriction introduced by this condition is the very reason for which, in general, those theories cannot be extended to an arbitrarily high order. As discussed in Sect. 3.3.1, the set Dk ⊂ ZM of values of h grows with the order of approximation k and values of (hν*) smaller than any given limit may be formed as the set Dk grows. However, in the applications, we are often interested in a phase space domain where (hν*) = 0 for some h present in the given perturbation εR(θ, J; ε). We have, then, to extend canonical perturbation theories to such cases and learn how to construct formal solutions valid in the neighborhood of resonances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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9. Single Resonance near a Singularity.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: The perturbation of a regular integrable Hamiltonian may lead to bifurcations in the phase portrait. Let us consider the case of only one resonance and the simple case of one degree of freedom. Let H0 be the Hamiltonian of a differential rotator: 9.1$$ H_0 = \frac{1} {2}\mathcal{V}_1^o (x_1^2 + y_1^2 ) + \frac{1} {8}\mathcal{V}_{11}^o (x_1^2 + y_1^2 )^2 $$ and let us assume that $$ \mathcal{V}_1^o $$ and $$ \mathcal{V}_{11}^o $$ have opposite signs, e.g. $$ \mathcal{V}_1^o < 0 $$ < 0 and $$ \mathcal{V}_{11}^o < 0 $$ > 0. In that case, H0 has a minimum on a circle of radius $$ \sqrt { - 4 - \nu _1^o /\nu _{11}^o } $$ on which the direction of motion changes. This is the classical case of a twist mapping and the Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem predicts that, when the rotator is perturbed, new centers and saddle points may appear in the phase portrait near the place where the frequency of the undisturbed rotator is zero (see [63]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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10. Non-Singular Canonical Variables.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: The actions Ji defined by the phase integrals Ji = 1/2π ∮ pidqi may become singular. The simplest example is given by the actions of a Hamiltonian depending on the squares of the momenta. In this case, pi is proportional to $$ \dot q_i $$ and, as a consequence, the integral ⊂ pidqi is proportional to ⊂ $$ \int {\dot q_i^2 } dt $$ dt and, thus, sign definite. In other words, the integration path is always circulated in the same direction and the sign of Ji may not be reversed (Fig. 7.1). Consequently, the equations of motion in this variable are singular at Ji = 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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11. Lie Mappings.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: There is a straightforward way of introducing Lie series mappings into the study of Hamiltonian systems. Proposition 5.3.1 shows that the mapping defined by the series (5.25)-(5.26) is canonical and may be used in the construction of canonical perturbation theories. Thus, the reader interested only in such applications can go straight to those equations and skip the first two sections whose aim is to introduce Lie derivatives, Lie mappings and the relationship between Lie mappings and Jacobian canonical transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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12. Lie Series Perturbation Theory.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: In 1966, the Poincaré and von Zeipel-Brouwer theories were rejuvenated by Hori [53] through the introduction of canonical transformations expressed by Lie series mappings instead of the classical Jacobian transformations. The use of mathematical operations in perturbation theories with the same properties as Lie derivatives and Lie series was already current among physicists [13] and, around 1960, in at least one instance (Sérsic [85]), it was suggested that Lie series could be used to represent the canonical transformations of Celestial Mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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13. Resonance.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: Delaunay was the first astronomer to use the mechanics of Hamilton and Jacobi to obtain the approximated solution of the equations of motion of a celestial body. His lunar theory [22] is a pioneer work in many respects. We credit Delaunay with the introduction of the set of angle-action variables ℓ, g, h, L, G, H in which the Lagrange equations for the variation of the orbital elements under a perturbation are canonical. His theory of the motion of the Moon is not a collection of clever tricks, as other theories in the old Celestial Mechanics. Having obtained the variation equations in canonical form, his problem was to find the solutions of the differential equations defined by the Hamiltonian 4.1$$ H = H_0 (J) + \varepsilon \sum\limits_{h \in D} {A_h } (J)cos(h\theta ), $$ where the canonical variables are J ≡ (J1..., JN) and θ ≡ (θ1..., θN), ε is a small parameter and D ⊂ ZN. The technique adopted by Delaunay is methodologically very clear. He defined an operation and performed it, successively, almost 500 times. This operation starts with the choice of one argument (h1θ) in (4.1) and the consideration of the dynamical system defined by the abridged Hamiltonian 4.2$$ \mathcal{F}_1 = H_0 (J) + \varepsilon A_{h_1 } (J)cos(h_1 \theta ). $$ This system is integrable, since the angles θi are present only through the linear combination (h1θ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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14. Angle-Action Variables. Separable Systems.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: The trajectories of systems with one degree of freedom are the curves H(q1, p1) = E. As shown in Sect. 1.8, the equations of the motion are given by 2.1$$ t + \alpha _1 = q_1^* = \frac{{\partial S}} {{\partial E}}\mathop = \limits^{def} F_{11} (q_1 ), $$ where α1 is a constant and S = S(q1, E) is the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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15. Classical Perturbation Theories.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: Many general perturbation theories devised since the nineteenth century were founded on the powerful tools of Hamiltonian mechanics. They aimed at solving the specific problem of finding the solutions of the canonical system of 2N differential equations 3.1$$ \frac{{dq_i }} {{dt}} = \frac{{\partial H}} {{\partial p_i }}, \frac{{dp_i }} {{dt}} = - \frac{{\partial H}} {{\partial q_i }}, $$ (i = 1, 2..., N), where the Hamiltonian H is the energy of the system and may be written as 3.2$$ H = \mathcal{H}_0 (q,p) + \mathcal{R}(q,p,\varepsilon ) $$ with q ≡ (q1..., qN), p ≡ (p1..., pN). $$ \mathcal{H}_0 $$ is the Hamiltonian of a separable system and $$ \mathcal{R} $$ is a disturbing potential, analytical in some small parameter ε, and vanishing for ε = 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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16. The Hamilton-Jacobi Theory.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Shu, F. H., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., and Ferraz-Mello, Sylvio
Abstract: Astronomers in the nineteenth century found that the form of the Lagrange-Laplace equations for the perturbed Keplerian motion becomes very simple when the set of variables known as Delaunay variables, 1.1$$ \begin{gathered} \ell = mean anomaly, L = \sqrt {\mu a} , \hfill \\ g = argument of the periapis, G = L\sqrt {1 - e^2 } , \hfill \\ h = longtitude of the node, H = G cos i, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ is used (see [15]). Here, μ is the product of the gravitational constant and the mass of the central body, a the semi-major axis, e the orbital eccentricity and i the inclination of the orbit over the reference plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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17. Beyond the Inner Heliosphere: The Magnetic Field Structure of the Outer Heliosphere: A Three-Dimensional Model.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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18. Space Weather Research.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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19. Myth of the Emerging Flux Tubes: Sunspots and Solar Flares.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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20. Recurrent Geomagnetic Disturbances and the Solar Wind.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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21. Planetary Magnetic Fields: Is the Earth's Dipole Really Off-Centered and Inclined?

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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22. Synthesis of Magnetospheric Substorm Phenomena.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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23. Realizing the Dream of Our Pioneers: Polar Magnetic Substorms and the Associated Current System.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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24. Confronting Paradigms: Aurora Research During the Early Space Age.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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25. Search for the Unknown Quantity in the Solar Wind.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Laan, H. van der, Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
Published: 2007
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26. Effects of Scintillations in GNSS Operation.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Béniguel, Y., and Adam, J.-P.
Published: 2007
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27. Finnish Experiences with Grid Effects of GIC's.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Elovaara, Jarmo
Published: 2007
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28. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Ground Electromagnetic Field Fluctuations in the Auroral Region and Implications on the Predictability of Geomagnetically Induced Currents.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Pulkkinen, A.
Published: 2007
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29. The Value of Real-time Geomagnetic Reference Data to the Oil and Gas Industry.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Bowe, James, and McCulloch, Simon
Published: 2007
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30. Geomagnetic Indices in Solar-Terrestrial Physics and Space Weather.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Menvielle, M., and Marchaudon, A.
Abstract: Geomagnetic indices play a significant role in describing the magnetic configuration of the Earth's magnetosphere. In the past 15 years, they have become a key parameter in Space Weather research, being commonly used to detect and describe Space Weather events. Research is currently being carried out into using them for forecasting. The objective of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the usefulness, potential and limitations of geomagnetic indices in Space Weather research and applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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31. The Magnetic Environment - GIC and other Ground Effects.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Watermann, Jurgen
Published: 2007
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32. Aircraft Crew Radiation Exposure in Aviation Altitudes During Quiet and Solar Storm Periods.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Beck, Peter
Abstract: The European Commission Directorate General Transport and Energy published in 2004 a summary report of research on aircrew dosimetry carried out by the EURADOS working group WG5 (European Radiation Dosimetry Group, http://www.eurados.org/). The aim of the EURADOS working group WG5 was to bring together, in particular from European research groups, the available, preferably published, experimental data and results of calculations, together with detailed descriptions of the methods of measurement and calculation. The purpose is to provide a dataset for all European Union Member States for the assessment of individual doses and/or to assess the validity of different approaches, and to provide an input to technical recommendations by the experts and the European Commission. Furthermore EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group, http://www.eurados.org/) started to coordinate research activities in model improvements for dose assessment of solar particle events. Preliminary results related to the European research project CONRAD (Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry) on complex mixed radiation fields at workplaces are presented. The major aim of this work is the validation of models for dose assessment of solar particle events, using data from neutron ground level monitors, in-flight measurement results obtained during a solar particle event and proton satellite data. The radiation protection quantity of interest is effective dose, E (ISO), but the comparison of measurement results obtained by different methods or groups, and comparison of measurement results and the results of calculations, is done in terms of the operational quantity ambient dose equivalent, H* (10). This paper gives an overview of aircrew radiation exposure measurements during quiet and solar storm conditions and focuses on dose results using the EURADOS In-Flight Radiation Data Base and published data on solar particle events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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33. Radiation Effects on Spacecraft and Countermeasures, Selected Cases.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Keil, Wolfgang
Published: 2007
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34. Complementarity of Measurements and Models in Reproducing Earth's Radiation Belt Dynamics.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Bourdarie, S., Maget, V., and Friedel, R.
Abstract: The harsh radiation environment in the inner magnetosphere up to geosynchronous orbit is of major concern to an ever increasing amount of space hardware. While the average or quiescent conditions of the energetic particle population are fairly well characterized, the dynamics during magnetic storms are severely under-sampled. The description of the energetic electron and proton radiation environment at all points in space, which can provide reliable environmental data for locations of satellites that do not carry any energetic particle instrumentation is not trivial. The following approaches, theoretical, empirical, and model/data assimilation are examined in this paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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35. Manifestation of Strong Geomagnetic Storms in the Ionosphere above Europe.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Buresova, D., Lastovicka, J., and Franceschi, G. De
Abstract: The solar wind effects on Earth environment are studied for their basic science value as well as for their crucial practical impact on human technological systems. Increased dissipation of solar wind energy in the near-Earth environment is a significant source of consequent perturbations in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. This chapter addresses the ionospheric manifestation of geomagnetic storms induced by solar wind. Changes in the electron density distribution at the ionospheric F region heights above Europe during strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred over present solar cycle, have been analysed. As for the seasonal preference, during storm main phase only negative phases dominate in summer, while during winter occurrence of both negative and positive phases is probable. Enhancements of electron density have been sometimes observed several hours before the onset of geomagnetic storm. Also the existence of few-hours-long periods during storm main phase, when the deviation of the electron density from median was insignificant, has been observed. Independent of the sign of the storm effect on F2 region ionisation, the effect on electron density at the F1 region heights at European higher middle latitudes has been found negative, if any at all. The F1 region response to magnetic disturbances also shows substantial summer/winter asymmetry. The stormy high latitude F region is most variable compared with middle and lower middle latitudes, being strongly influenced by magnetospheric processes, in particular, strong electric fields, which are usually present during geomagnetic storms. Several specific features of the storm-time high latitude ionosphere will briefly be mentioned including behaviour of ionospheric scintillations. The comparative analysis illustrates that the improved IRI-2001 model with the activated STORM option provides better description of the ionisation distribution above Europe under geomagnetic storm conditions. Nevertheless, our results show that model not always estimates correctly the storm phase and the magnitude of the effects on F region electron density [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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36. Short-Term fo F2 Forecast: Present Day State of Art.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Mikhailov, A.V., Depuev, V.H., and Depueva, A.H.
Abstract: An analysis of the F2-layer short-term forecast problem has been done. Both objective and methodological problems prevent us from a deliberate F2-layer forecast issuing at present. An empirical approach based on statistical methods may be recommended for practical use. A forecast method based on a new aeronomic index (a proxy) AI has been proposed and tested over selected 64 severe storm events. The method provides an acceptable prediction accuracy both for strongly disturbed and quiet conditions. The problems with the prediction of the F2-layer quiet-time disturbances as well as some other unsolved problems are discussed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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37. New improvements in HF Ionospheric Communication and Direction Finding Systems.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Bertel, Louis, Brousseau, Christian, and Erhel, Yvon
Published: 2007
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38. Space Weather Influence on Satellite-based Navigation and Precise Positioning.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Warnant, R., Lejeune, S., and Bavier, M.
Abstract: Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are widely used to measure positions with accuracies ranging from a few mm to about 20 m. The effect of the Earth ionosphere on GNSS signal propagation is one of the main error sources which limits the accuracy and the reliability of GNSS applications. In particular, disturbed Space Weather conditions can be the origin of strong variability in the ionosphere Total Electron Content (TEC) which itself degrades the accuracy of GNSS applications. Space Weather effects on GNSS depend very much on the type of application. In this paper, we discuss the effects of Space Weather conditions on differential positioning with the Differential GPS (DGPS) technique and on relative positioning with the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) technique. We show that DGPS is affected by medium to large-scale gradients in TEC mainly observed at solar maximum when RTK will be degraded by smaller-scale ionospheric variability due to scintillations, TEC noise-like behaviour and Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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39. Numerical Space Weather Prediction: Can Meteorologists Forecast the Way Ahead?

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Keil, M.
Published: 2007
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40. Thermosphere Density Model Calibration.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Doornbos, Eelco
Abstract: Thermospheric density models are a main source of error in the orbit determination and prediction of low Earth satellites. The empirical models that are in wide use today show large systematic errors when compared with data derived from accelerometers and spacecraft tracking. This accuracy limit is inherent in their model formulation, which is based on an imperfect correlation of observed thermosphere density with a limited set of certain space weather proxy indices. It has been demonstrated that a substantially higher accuracy can be reached by model calibration using concurrent observations of satellite drag. Such drag observations can be obtained by processing freely available Two-Line Element (TLE) data, which are used for representing and distributing satellite orbit trajectories. Several aspects of this data processing require specific attention. These include the selection of suitable space objects, determining their ballistic coefficients, and taking into account thermospheric winds and radiation pressure accelerations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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41. Unravelling Signs of Global Change in the Ionosphere.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Ulich, Thomas, Clilverd, Mark A., and Jarvis, Martin J.
Abstract: As a consequence of alterations of atmospheric chemical composition due to anthropogenic emissions, Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere are expected to change. A number of authors tried to detect signs of global change in their ionospheric data, but many findings remain controversial. We briefly review long-term trends observed in the critical frequencies of the ionospheric E and F2 layers as well as in the height of the F2-peak, i.e. the layer of maximum electron density. Using 48 years of F2-layer critical frequency data from Sodankylä, Finland, we demonstrate how the sign and amplitude of the detected trends depend upon the choice of model fitted to the data and suggest a method to choose the best possible model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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42. Influence of Solar Activity Cycles on Earth's Climate.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Marsh, Nigel D.
Abstract: In order to determine the influence of mankind on climate change it is important to understand the natural causes of climate variability. A natural effect that has been hard to understand physically is an apparent link between climate and solar activity. From historical and geological records there are strong indications that the sun has played an important role in the past climate of the Earth, but the physical mechanism is currently unknown. Whatever mechanism caused those earlier changes would most likely also be operating today and may have been active throughout the history of our planet. There have been several attempts to explain the link between solar activity and climate from variations in the sun's radiative output. These have tended to rely on simulations involving Global Climate Models (GCM), which are limited by our current understanding of the fundamental physics. In the following contribution, an outline of the current candidate mechanisms involving solar activity will be presented together with a description of the ESA funded project to study the Influence of Solar Activity cycles on Earth's Climate (ISAC) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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43. Solar Variability and Climate.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Haigh, Joanna D.
Abstract: Solar radiation is the fundamental energy source for the atmosphere and the global average equilibrium temperature of the Earth is determined by a balance between the energy acquired by the solar radiation absorbed and the energy lost to space by the emission of heat radiation. The interaction of this radiation with the climate system is complex but it is clear that any change in total solar irradiance (TSI) has the potential to influence climate. In the past, although many papers were written on relationships between sunspot numbers and the weather, the topic of solar influences on climate was often disregarded by meteorologists. This was due to a combination of factors of which the key was the lack of any robust measurements indicating that solar radiation did indeed vary. There was also mistrust of the statistical validity of the evidence and, importantly, no established scientific mechanisms whereby the apparent changes in the Sun might induce detectable signals near the Earth's surface. Another influence was a desire by the meteorological profession to distance itself from the Astrometeorology movement popular in the 19th century (anderson1999). Nowadays, with improved measurements of solar and climate parameters, evidence for an influence of solar variability on the climate of the lower atmosphere has emerged from the noise. This article provides a brief review of the observational evidence and an outline of the mechanisms whereby rather small changes in solar radiation may induce detectable signals near the Earth's surface is not possible to review here all potential mechanisms for solar-climate links. What is presented offers, necessarily, a personal perspective but, of the areas that are not covered, two may be pertinent: the effects of solar energetic particles on stratospheric composition (see e.g. jackman et al. 2005) and the possible influence of galactic cosmic rays on clouds through ionisation processes (see Marsh, this volume). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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44. The Sun's Interaction with the Earth's Thermosphere and Climate System.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Rodger, A.S.
Published: 2007
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45. Signatures of the Ancient Sun Constraining the Early Emergence of Life on Earth.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Messerotti, M., and Chela-Flores, J.
Abstract: A factor for understanding the origin and evolution of life on Earth is the evolution of the Sun itself, especially the evolution of space climate and weather. Many aspects of the Sun's history remain to be understood. We reconsider constraints that knowledge of our own star implies for the emergence of life on Earth. This provides further insights into what may happen in other solar systems. Fortunately, particles emitted by the Sun in the past have left a record in geologic samples, but on this bases we cannot exclude earlier dates for the onset of life on Earth. A very early origin of life has to take into account the imprints of solar energetic particles during the first billion years (Gyr) after the formation of the Sun, approximately from 4.6 till 3.6 Gyr before the present (BP). Our review includes the isotopic fractionation of the noble gases, the depletion of volatile elements on the Moon and constraints for the origin of life on Europa, the icy moon of Jupiter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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46. Simulating CME Initiation and Evolution: State-of-the-art.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Poedts, S., van der Holst, B., and Jacobs, C.
Abstract: Copyright of Space Weather: Research Towards Applications in Europe is the property of Springer eBooks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2007
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47. Modeling of Solar Energetic Particles in Interplanetary Space.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Vainio, Rami, Agueda, Neus, and Aran, Angels
Abstract: Solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the interplanetary (IP) medium are transported under the influence of electromagnetic fields of the solar wind. These fields consists of the smooth background fields, which can be modeled by the MHD equations governing the expansion of the solar wind, and of the small-scale fluctuations (waves or turbulence) that scatter the particles in pitch angle and act as agents enabling their acceleration at IP shock waves. We review theoretical models of SEP transport and acceleration in the IP medium. We start from the simple analytical approaches (diffusion models), which assume quasi-isotropic particle distributions, and then continue to the more accurate numerical approaches based on the focused transport equation, not making this simplifying assumption. A careful analysis of two SEP events, an impulsive and a gradual one, is presented and the spatial scaling of their peak intensities, differential fluences and time-integrated net fluxes is discussed. We conclude that rather simple scaling laws for these quantities can be obtained for impulsive events but no simple scaling laws can be expected to govern the gradual SEP events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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48. Solar Activity Monitoring.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, Gallagher, Peter T., McAteer, R. T James, and Young, C. Alex
Published: 2007
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49. Using CME Observations for Geomagnetic Storm Forecasting.

Author: Burton, W. B., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Heuvel, E. P. J. van Den, Kaspi, V. M., Kuijpers, J. M. E., van Der Laan, H., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., Lilensten, Jean, and Zhukov, Andrei N.
Published: 2007
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50. Magnetic Reconnection of Electric Currents.

Author: Burton, W. B., Kuijpers, J. M. E., Van Den Heuvel, E. P. J., Van Der Laan, H., Bertola, F., Cassinelli, J. P., Cesarsky, C. J., Ehrenfreund, P., Engvold, O., Heck, A., Kaspi, V. M., Murdin, P. G., Pacini, F., Radhakrishnan, V., Somov, B. V., Sunyaev, R. A., and Somov, Boris V.
Abstract: Magnetic reconnection reconnects field lines together with field-aligned electric currents. This process may play a significant role in the dynamics of astrophysical plasma because of a topological interruption of the electric currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2007
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