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60 results on '"E De La Luna"'

1. Overview of the TJ-II stellarator research programme towards model validation in fusion plasmas

Author

C. Hidalgo, E. Ascasíbar, D. Alegre, A. Alonso, J. Alonso, R. Antón, A. Baciero, J. Baldzuhn, J.M. Barcala, L. Barrera, E. Blanco, J. Botija, L. Bueno, S. Cabrera, A. de Castro, E. de la Cal, I. Calvo, A. Cappa, D. Carralero, R. Carrasco, B. Carreras, R. Castro, L. Cebrián, A.A. Chmyga, M. Chamorro, P. Colino, F. de Aragón, M. Drabinskiy, J. Duque, L. Eliseev, F.J. Escoto, T. Estrada, M. Ezzat, F. Fraguas, D. Fernández-Ruiz, J.M. Fontdecaba, A. Gabriel, D. Gadariya, L. García, I. García-Cortés, R. García-Gómez, J.M. García-Regaña, A. González-Jerez, G. Grenfell, J. Guasp, V. Guisse, J. Hernández-Sánchez, J. Hernanz, A. Jiménez-Denche, P. Khabanov, N. Kharchev, R. Kleiber, F. Koechl, T. Kobayashi, G. Kocsis, M. Koepke, A.S. Kozachek, L. Krupnik, F. Lapayese, M. Liniers, B. Liu, D. López-Bruna, B. López-Miranda, U. Losada, E. de la Luna, S.E. Lysenko, F. Martín-Díaz, G. Martín-Gómez, E. Maragkoudakis, J. Martínez-Fernández, K.J. McCarthy, F. Medina, M. Medrano, A.V. Melnikov, P. Méndez, F.J. Miguel, B. van Milligen, A. Molinero, G. Motojima, S. Mulas, Y. Narushima, M. Navarro, I. Nedzelskiy, R. Nuñez, M. Ochando, S. Ohshima, E. Oyarzábal, J.L. de Pablos, F. Palomares, N. Panadero, F. Papoušek, F. Parra, C. Pastor, I. Pastor, A. de la Peña, R. Peralta, A. Pereira, P. Pons-Villalonga, H. Polaino, A.B. Portas, E. Poveda, F.J. Ramos, G.A. Rattá, M. Redondo, C. Reynoso, E. Rincón, C. Rodríguez-Fernández, L. Rodríguez-Rodrigo, A. Ros, E. Sánchez, J. Sánchez, E. Sánchez-Sarabia, S. Satake, J.A. Sebastián, R. Sharma, N. Smith, C. Silva, E.R. Solano, A. Soleto, M. Spolaore, T. Szepesi, F.L. Tabarés, D. Tafalla, H. Takahashi, N. Tamura, H. Thienpondt, A. Tolkachev, R. Unamuno, J. Varela, J. Vega, J.L. Velasco, I. Voldiner, S. Yamamoto, null the TJ-II Team, and TJ-II Team

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear engineering, Fusion plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Model validation, stellarator, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, transport, Stellarator, plasma
Abstract

TJ-II stellarator results on modelling and validation of plasma flow asymmetries due to on-surface potential variations, plasma fuelling physics, Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) control and stability, the interplay between turbulence and neoclassical (NC) mechanisms and liquid metals are reported. Regarding the validation of the neoclassically predicted potential asymmetries, its impact on the radial electric field along the flux surface has been successfully validated against Doppler reflectometry measurements. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellets and tracer encapsulated solid pellet injection has shown that, although post-injection particle radial redistributions can be understood qualitatively from NC mechanisms, turbulence and fluctuations are strongly affected during the ablation process. Advanced analysis tools based on transfer entropy have shown that radial electric fields do not only affect the radial turbulence correlation length but are also capable of reducing the propagation of turbulence from the edge into the scrape-off layer. Direct experimental observation of long range correlated structures show that zonal flow structures are ubiquitous in the whole plasma cross-section in the TJ-II stellarator. Alfvénic activity control strategies using ECRH and ECCD as well as the relation between zonal structures and AEs are reported. Finally, the behaviour of liquid metals exposed to hot and cold plasmas in a capillary porous system container was investigated.

Published
2022
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2. The role of edge plasma parameters in H-mode density limit on the JET-ILW

Author

A. Huber, J. Flanagan, H. J. Sun, J. Fessey, D. C. McDonald, E. de la Luna, S. Cramp, J. R. Harrison, M. Maslov, Robert James Goldston, Fulvio Militello, and Xueqiao Xu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Plasma parameters, Physics::Plasma Physics, Mode (statistics), Density limit, Edge (geometry), Atomic physics, ddc:620, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

A study of a dataset of JET H-mode plasma with the Be/W ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) shows that reaching the edge MHD ballooning limit leads to confinement degradation. However, unlike JET plasmas with a carbon wall (JET-C), the JET-ILW plasmas stay in a marginal dithering phase for a relatively long period, associated with a higher (≈20%) H-mode density limit (HDL) than JET-C equivalents. This suggests that ITER could be operated in H-mode with higher density than the scaling based on carbon wall devices, but likely with a dithering phase plasma with lower confinement. A new, reliable estimator for JET E r, min has been derived by combining HRTS measurements of pedestal gradient and edge-SOL decay lengths. JET radial E r ETB wells are observed in the range of −15 to −60 kV m−1 in high performance H-modes, consistent with previous CXRS results in ASDEX Upgrade. The results imply that a higher positive E × B shear in the near SOL plays a role in sustaining a marginal phase in JET-ILW which leads to a higher HDL than that in JET-C. The results of the JET-ILW dataset show agreement with the Goldston finite collisionality HD model for SOL broadening at high collisionality. A hypothesis for the dithering H-mode phase is proposed: as n e,SOL increases, ν ∗,SOL increases, SOL broadens, E r shear decreases, triggers L-mode; n e drops, ν ∗,SOL decreases, SOL becomes narrower, and E r shear increases, triggering H-mode, resulting in a cycle of H–L–H- oscillations. For burning plasma devices, such as ITER, operating just below the MHD limit for the dithering phase could be a promising regime for maximising core density, and fusion performance while minimising plasma-material interaction. The oscillatory signal during the dithering phase could be used as a precursor of undesirable plasma performance for control purposes.

Published
2021
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3. Pedestal structure, stability and scalings in JET-ILW: the EUROfusion JET-ILW pedestal database

Author

M. Groth, Geert Verdoolaege, Petra Bilkova, Frederic Imbeaux, P. Bohm, Benoit Labit, E. Giovannozzi, C. F. Maggi, S. Saarelma, Jet Contributors, Richard Fridström, M. Owsiak, M. Dunne, E. de la Luna, Lorenzo Frassinetti, R. Scannell, J. C. Hillesheim, and JET Contributors

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, GLOBAL CONFINEMENT, ELMY H-MODES, pedestal scaling, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), 010305 fluids & plasmas, ENERGY, Pedestal, DENSITY LIMIT, Physics::Plasma Physics, DEPENDENCE, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, Physics, Jet (fluid), Mechanics, pedestal structure, Condensed Matter Physics, TRANSPORT, Physics and Astronomy, SIMULATION, PB stability, 2-TERM MODEL, PARTICLE LOSSES
Abstract

The EUROfusion JET-ILW pedestal database is described, with emphasis on three main issues. First, the technical aspects are introduced, including a description of the data selection, the datasets, the diagnostics used, the experimental and theoretical methods implemented and the main definitions. Second, the JET-ILW pedestal structure and stability are described. In particular, the work describes the links between the engineering parameters (power, gas and divertor configuration) and the disagreement with the peeling-ballooning (PB) model implemented with ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations. Specifically, the work clarifies why the JET-ILW pedestal tends to be far from the PB boundary at high gas and high power, showing that a universal threshold in power and gas cannot be found but that the relative shift (the distance between the position of the pedestal density and of the pedestal temperature) plays a key role. These links are then used to achieve an empirical explanation of the behavior of the JET-ILW pedestal pressure with gas, power and divertor configuration. Third, the pedestal database is used to revise the scaling law of the pedestal stored energy. The work shows a reasonable agreement with the earlier Cordey scaling in terms of plasma current and triangularity dependence, but highlights some differences in terms of power and isotope mass dependence.

Published
2021
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4. Impact of divertor configuration on recycling neutral fluxes for ITER-like wall H-mode plasmas

Author

E. Joffrin, C. Guillemaut, A. Huber, T. Loarer, C. Hidalgo, E. de la Cal, I. Balboa, F. Militello, S. Wiesen, Jonathan Gaspar, I. Borodkina, D. Alegre, Jet Contributors, C. Giroud, L de Pablos, U. Losada, Paulo Carvalho, A. Manzanares, A. Shaw, E. de la Luna, A. Martin de Aguilera, E. R. Solano, D. Douai, S. Brezinsek, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut fur Energie und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and CEA, IRFM, F-13108, Saint Paul lez Durance, France

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Jet (fluid), Divertor Configuration, Materials science, Divertor, Outgassing, Mode (statistics), Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Plasma-wall, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Fuel Trapping, Neutrals, 0103 physical sciences, Recycling, ddc:620, 010306 general physics
Abstract

In recent years it has been well known that in JET, with the ITER-like wall, the performance of high-power H-mode plasmas depends strongly on the magnetic topology of the divertor. This is generally attributed to the effect of the magnetic field shaping on the neutral flux transport and pumping, which—in high density H-mode plasmas—determine the pedestal properties and the global confinement. In this work we have analysed the spatial distribution and the dynamic behaviour of the D α -emission for different magnetic configurations. Experimental observations indicate that for certain configurations, the surface temperature and the D α —emission anomalously increase on top of the inner divertor, which points to thermal outgassing there. This is also the region where most beryllium co-deposits accumulate and most deuterium becomes trapped. The overheating at this region far from the strike point (SP) is observed to happen in magnetic configurations with reduced distance between the divertor material surface and the separatrix (clearance). The neutral flux that appears at the upper inner divertor during a few milliseconds after the ELM-crash, is more than an order of magnitude larger than the gas puffing rate and dominates over all other regions. Finally, a preliminary study describes how this thermal fuel outgassing from the co-deposited layers could be used intentionally as a wall-conditioning in JET technique with plasmas that focus their particle and heat flux there. This could be used as a complementary wall isotope control technique and more specifically for tritium recovery from the upper inner divertor where most fuel-trapping beryllium co-deposits accumulate in JET ITER-like wall.

Published
2020
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5. First principles and integrated modelling achievements towards trustful fusion power predictions for JET and ITER

Author

Garcia, J., Dumont, R. J., Joly, J., Morales, J., Garzotti, L., Bache, T. W., Baranov, Y., Casson, F. J., Challis, C., Kirov, K., Mailloux, J., Saarelma, S., Nocente, M., Banon-Navarro, A., Goerler, T., Citrin, J., Ho, A., Gallart, D., Mantsinen, M., Abduallev, (Abduallev, S, ( 8, S., 42, ), Abhangi, (Abhangi, M, ( 8, M., 54, ), Abreu, (Abreu, P, ( 8, P., 60, ), Afanasev, (Afanasev, V, V)(, 8, 61, ), Afzal, (Afzal, M, 14, ), Aggarwal, (Aggarwal, Km, ( 8, K. 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Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, Al, Esser, Hg, Ewart, G, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinic, S, Felici, F, Felton, Rc, Feng, S, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, Dr, Ferro, G, Fessey, Ja, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figini, L, Figueiredo, J, Figueiredo, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, Jm, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fransson, E, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galeani, S, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia-Carrasco, A, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Gaspar, J, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, Jc, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, K, Giegerich, T, Gil, L, Gilbert, 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Kobuchi, T, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Koechl, F, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kollo, Z, Kominis, Y, Koppen, M, Korolczuk, S, Kos, B, Koslowski, Hr, Kotschenreuther, M, Koubiti, M, Kovaldins, R, Kovanda, O, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiazek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwon, Oj, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lalousis, P, Lam, N, Lamb, C, Lambertz, Ht, Lang, Pt, Lanthaler, S, Neto, El, Laszynska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, Kd, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leach, R, Learoyd, G, Leerink, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, Hj, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichauer, P, Leichtle, D, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lescinskis, B, Lesnoj, S, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, Y, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Liu, G, Lloyd, B, Lo Schiavo, Vp, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, Pj, Lonnroth, J, Lopez, Jm, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Loughlin, M, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, Cp, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lunt, T, Lupelli, I, Lutsenko, V, Lyssoivan, A, Macheta, P, Macusova, E, Magesh, B, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Maingi, R, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malinowski, K, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manduchi, G, Manso, Me, Mantica, P, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marconato, N, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsh, J, Martin, A, de Aguilera, Am, Martin-Solis, Jr, Martone, R, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, Gf, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, May-Smith, T, Mayer, M, Mayoral, Ml, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, Pj, Mcclements, Kg, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, Pa, Mcdonald, D, Mchardy, M, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcnamee, L, Meadowcroft, C, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, Ag, Meisl, G, Meiter, S, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merle, A, Merriman, P, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Michling, R, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Militello-Asp, E, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Mink, F, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Mistry, S, Miyoshi, Y, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Moran, J, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Moser, L, Mosher, S, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Muir, A, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Murphy, S, Muscat, P, Muthusonai, N, Myers, C, Asakura, Nn, N'Konga, B, Nabais, F, Naish, R, Naish, J, Nakano, T, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, Mff, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, Ah, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, Cr, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, Jm, Nowak, S, Nunes, I, O'Gorman, T, O'Mullane, M, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, Mt, Okabayashi, M, Oliver, H, Olney, R, Omoregie, L, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Owen, A, Owen, T, Paccagnella, R, Packer, Lw, Pajuste, E, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Papp, G, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Diaz, Fp, Parsloe, A, Parsons, N, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Soldan, Cp, Peackoc, A, Pehkonen, Sp, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Penzo, J, Pepperell, K, Pereira, R, Cippo, Ep, von Thun, Cp, Pericoli, V, Peruzzo, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrzilka, V, Philipps, V, Pigatto, L, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, de Sa, Wp, dos Reis, Ap, Piron, L, Piron, C, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Plyusnin, V, Poli, Fm, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, Og, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Poradzinski, M, Porfiri, Mt, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Poulipoulis, G, Powell, T, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, Me, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, Cj, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, Jj, Rathod, K, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravera, G, Rebai, M, Reed, A, Refy, D, Regana, J, Reich, M, Reid, N, Reimold, F, Reinhart, M, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Rendell, D, Reux, C, Cortes, Sdar, Reynolds, S, Ricci, D, Richiusa, M, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, Fg, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Rodriguez, J, Rohde, V, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rowe, S, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Sabot, R, Saez, X, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Saibene, G, Saleem, M, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Samm, U, Sandiford, D, Santa, P, Santala, Mik, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sartori, F, Sartori, R, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Schluck, F, Schlummer, T, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schopf, K, Schweinzer, J, Schworer, D, Scott, Sd, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Sharapov, Se, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shiraki, D, Shumack, A, Sias, G, Sibbald, M, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, J, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simmons, P, Simpson, J, Sinha, A, Sipila, Sk, Sips, Acc, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, Skiba, M, Skilton, R, Skvara, V, Slade, B, Smith, R, Smith, P, Smith, Sf, Snoj, L, Soare, S, Solano, Er, Somers, A, Sommariva, C, Sonato, P, Sos, M, Sousa, J, Sozzi, C, Spagnolo, S, Sparapani, P, Spelzini, T, Spineanu, F, Sprada, D, Sridhar, S, Stables, G, Stallard, J, Stamatelatos, I, Stamp, Mf, Stan-Sion, C, Stancar, Z, Staniec, P, Stankunas, G, Stano, M, Stavrou, C, Stefanikova, E, Stepanov, I, Stephen, Av, Stephen, M, Stephens, J, Stevens, B, Stober, J, Stokes, C, Strachan, J, Strand, P, Strauss, Hr, Strom, P, Studholme, W, Subba, F, Suchkov, E, Summers, Hp, Sun, H, Sutton, N, Svensson, J, Sytnykov, D, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, G, Suzuki, Tt, Tabares, F, Tadic, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Taliercio, C, Tallargio, A, Tanaka, K, Tang, W, Tardocchi, M, Tatali, R, Taylor, D, Tegnered, D, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Terry, C, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thompson, Vk, Thornton, A, Tierens, W, Tiseanu, I, Tojo, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Trimble, P, Tripsky, M, Tsalas, M, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Jun, Dt, Turner, I, Turner, Mm, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Uljanovs, J, Urano, H, Urban, A, Urbanczyk, G, Uytdenhouwen, I, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Vale, R, Valentinuzzi, M, Valerii, K, Valisa, M, Olivares, Pv, Valovic, M, Van Eester, D, Van Renterghem, W, van Rooij, Gj, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasava, K, Vasilopoulou, T, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, Gv, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villari, S, Villone, F, Vincent, M, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, M, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, von Toussaint, U, Vondracek, P, Vuksic, M, Wakeling, B, Waldon, C, Walkden, N, Walker, R, Walker, M, Walsh, M, Wang, N, Wang, E, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Webb, M, Weckmann, A, Weiland, J, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, Am, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, Am, Wiesen, S, Wilkie, G, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, J, Wilson, I, Wilson, Hr, Wischmeier, M, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, R, Woodley, C, Wray, S, Wright, Jc, Wright, P, Wukitch, S, Wynn, A, Xiang, L, Xu, T, Xue, Y, Yadikin, D, Yakovenko, Y, Yanling, W, Yavorskij, V, Young, I, Young, R, Young, D, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zanino, R, Zarins, A, Zarins, R, Fernandez, Dz, Zastrow, Kd, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zilli, E, Zocco, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, and JET Contributors

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Fusion, Jet (fluid), Maximum power principle, Nuclear engineering, Context (language use), Plasma, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, ICRH, Charged particle, 010305 fluids & plasmas, JET, transport, TRANSPORT, Physics::Plasma Physics, Beta (plasma physics), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Predictability of burning plasmas is a key issue for designing and building credible future fusion devices. In this context, an important effort of physics understanding and guidance is being carried out in parallel to the on-going JET experimental campaigns in H, D and T by performing analyses and modelling towards an improvement of the understanding of DT physics for the optimization of the JET-DT neutron yield and fusion born alpha particle physics. Extrapolations to JET-DT from recent experiments using the maximum power available have been performed including some of the most sophisticated codes and a broad selection of models. There is a general agreement that 11-15MW of fusion power can be expected in DT for the hybrid and baseline scenarios. On the other hand, in high beta, torque and fast ion fraction conditions, isotope effects could be favourable leading to higher fusion yield. It is shown that alpha particles related physics, such as TAE destabilization or fusion power electron heating, could be studied in ITER relevant JET-DT plasmas.

Published
2019
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6. Dimensionless scalings of confinement, heat transport and pedestal stability in JET-ILW and comparison with JET-C

Author

Hyun-Tae Kim, S. Menmuir, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, Elisabeth Rachlew, C. Giroud, P. Drewelow, U. Kruezi, E. Stefanikova, Petra Bilkova, P. J. Lomas, C. F. Maggi, E. de la Luna, M. N. A. Beurskens, M. Peterka, Lorenzo Frassinetti, Isabel L. Nunes, N Hawks, M. Kempenaars, S. Saarelma, J. E. Boom, L. Garzotti, F.G. Rimini, Ivan Lupelli, E. Delabie, A. Loarte, B. Lomanowski, M. Romanelli, L. Meneses, E. Joffrin, and JET Contributors

Subjects
DIII-D, Gyroradius, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Collisionality, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Pedestal, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), Mechanics, respiratory system, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Beta (plasma physics), Physics::Space Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, human activities, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

Three dimensionless scans in the normalized Larmor radius rho*, normalized collisionality nu* and normalized plasma pressure beta have been performed in JET with the ITER-like wall (JET-ILW). The n ...

Published
2017
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7. Power and particle fluxes to plasma-facing components in mitigated-ELM H-mode discharges on JET

Author

W. Fundamenski, Y. Liang, S. Jachmich, T. Eich, Jet-Efda Contributors, Stéphane Devaux, C. Giroud, E. de la Luna, H. R. Koslowski, S. Brezinsek, H. Thomsen, G. P. Maddison, and G. Arnoux

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Drop (liquid), chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Nitrogen, Power (physics), Pedestal, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Physics::Plasma Physics, Impurity, General Materials Science, Seeding, Atomic physics
Abstract

The effect of ELM-mitigation techniques such as the use of magnetic-field perturbations, gas fuelling and impurity seeding using nitrogen has been studied. With increasing ELM frequency the divertor–heat-flux factor reduces only weakly. The heat-flux factor, which has been analysed taking into account ELM-profile broadening and strike-point movement and which is proportional to the surface-temperature rise due to the heat pulse during the ELM, decreases with confinement and pedestal pressure at the same rate for mitigated ELMs using gas fuelling and magnetic-perturbation fields. Only at very high fuelling rates of nitrogen is a drastic drop of the heat-flux factor with modest confinement reduction found.

Published
2011
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8. Active control of edge localized modes with a low n perturbation fields in the JET tokamak

Author

E. de la Luna, Gennady Sergienko, S. Jachmich, Y. Baranov, Sergei Gerasimov, P. de Vries, M. P. Gryaznevich, Arkadi Kreter, D. Harting, A. Alfier, E. Nardon, T. Eich, H. G. Esser, V. Kiptily, Yunfeng Liang, Jet-Efda Contributors, D. Howell, and H. R. Koslowski

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Toroid, Chemistry, Divertor, Perturbation (astronomy), Plasma, Fusion power, Active control, law.invention, Magnetic field, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, General Materials Science, Atomic physics
Abstract

Active control of edge localized modes (ELMs) by using static external magnetic perturbation fields with low toroidal mode number, n, has been demonstrated for both, ITER baseline (q 95 ~ 3) and high beta advanced tokamak scenarios at the JET tokamak. During the application of the low n field the ELM frequency increased by a factor up to ~4-5. Reduction in carbon erosion and ELM peak heat fluxes on the divertor target by roughly the same factor as the increase of the ELM frequency has been observed. The frequency of the mitigated ELMs using a low n field is found to increase proportional to the total input heating power. Compensation of the density pump-out effect observed when the external low n field is applied has been achieved by gas fueling in low triangularity plasmas.

Published
2009
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9. Perturbation of tokamak magnetic surfaces by applied toroidally asymmetric magnetic fields

Author

S.K. Erents, M.F. Stamp, Jet-Efda Contributors, E. de la Luna, T. C. Hender, A. Savchkov, I. T. Chapman, S. Shibaev, D. F. Howell, Mikhail Gryaznevich, and R. Scannell

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak, Tokamak, Joint European Torus, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Spherical tokamak, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, law.invention, Amplitude, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Atomic physics
Abstract

The effects of applied three-dimensional magnetic error fields on magnetic surfaces are measured in both the Joint European Torus (JET) and the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST). Static perturbation fields with various amplitudes have been applied in both devices using non-axisymmetric coils producing a dominantly n = 1 magnetic field to systematically perturb the plasma flux surfaces. The displacement of the plasma boundary is found to increase linearly with the strength of the applied field, and agrees well with predictive modelling which superimposes vacuum non-axisymmetric fields on a 2D equilibrium.

Published
2007
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10. The H-mode pedestal, ELMs and TF ripple effects in JT-60U/JET dimensionless identity experiments

Author

C. Giroud, J. Stober, Hajime Urano, K. Toi, Vassili Parail, M.M.F. Nave, Manabu Takechi, E. de la Luna, G. T. A. Huysmans, S. E. Sharapov, T. Suzuki, G. Saibene, M. A H Kempenaars, A. Meiggs, A. Loarte, Johnny Lönnroth, Y. Andrew, Naoyuki Oyama, R. Sartori, D. Mc Donald, and Yutaka Kamada

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Ripple, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Pedestal, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma parameter, Atomic physics, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

This paper summarizes results of dimensionless identity experiments in JT-60U and JET, aimed at the comparison of the H-mode pedestal and ELM behaviour in the two devices. Given their similar size, dimensionless matched plasmas are also similar in their dimensional parameters (in particular, the plasma minor radius a is the same in JET and JT-60U). Power and density scans were carried out at two values of Ip, providing a q scan (q95 = 3.1 and 5.1) with fixed (and matched) toroidal field. Contrary to initial expectations, a dimensionless match between the two devices was quite difficult to achieve. In general, pped in JT-60U is lower than in JET and, at low q, the pedestal pressure of JT-60U with a Type I ELMy edge is matched in JET only in the Type III ELM regime. At q95 = 5.1, a dimensionless match in ?*, ?* and ?p,ped is obtained with Type I ELMs, but only with low power JET H-modes. These results motivated a closer investigation of experimental conditions in the two devices, to identify possible 'hidden' physics that prevents obtaining a good match of pedestal values over a large range of plasmas parameters. Ripple-induced ion losses of the medium bore plasma used in JT-60U for the similarity experiments are identified as the main difference with JET. The magnitude of the JT-60U ripple losses is sufficient to induce counter-toroidal rotation in co-injected plasma. The influence of ripple losses was demonstrated at q95 = 5.1: reducing ripple losses by ?2 (from 4.3 to 1.9?MW) by replacing positive with negative neutral beam injection at approximately constant Pin resulted in an increased pped in JT-60U, providing a good match to full power JET H-modes. At the same time, the counter-toroidal rotation decreased. Physics mechanisms relating ripple losses to pedestal performance are not yet identified, and the possible role of velocity shear in the pedestal stability, as well as the possible influence of ripple on thermal ion transport are briefly discussed. Toroidal rotation of the ITER reference inductive Q = 10 H-mode is predicted to be rather low, of the order of ~1/10 of the frequency of typical JET H-modes. Nonetheless, fast ion ripple losses in that scenario are also predicted to be negligible (1%), and therefore plasma toroidal rotation slow-down or ripple-induced counter-rotation should not affect pedestal parameters and stability in ITER. Finally, the possible effect of ripple on thermal transport may deserve more attention in future experiments and modelling, since the ripple magnitude of ITER is intermediate between that of JET and JT-60U.

Published
2007
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11. Localized electromagnetic modes in MHD stable regime of the TJ-II Heliac

Author

S.V. Shchepetov, J.A. Jiménez, I. García-Cortés, and E. de la Luna

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Plasma parameters, Magnetic confinement fusion, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Electron cyclotron resonance, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Edge-localized mode
Abstract

Edge localized mode (ELM) events are typically observed in a broad variety of tokamaks and stellarators. In the TJ-II Heliac, ELM-like events have been observed in experiments at low plasma parameters (Te ~ Ti ~ 100 eV, n ~ 6 × 1012 cm−3, where Ti, Te and n are the ion and the electron temperatures and the plasma density, respectively) away from the electron cyclotron resonance heating power deposition region. Moreover, numerical calculations have shown that the experimental values for plasma pressure are more than an order of magnitude lower than the theoretical pressure threshold for both ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamic modes. These transport events, now called localized electromagnetic modes, are found to be linked to the presence of rational magnetic surfaces in the vicinity of the steep density gradient region located at 0.5 ≤ r ≤ 0.7, r = reff/ap, where reff and ap are, respectively, the average radius of the magnetic surface and the plasma boundary; so, while the morphology of the time signals is similar to that of the type-III ELMs, the mode in TJ-II is localized at the edge of the confinement region. The characteristic frequency of the oscillations observed by the Mirnov coils is f = 15–50 kHz. The position of the rational magnetic surface is determined by the channel of the ECE diagnostic with the highest correlation to Mirnov probes and matches, within the experimental error, the position obtained from numerical calculations when the modification of the rotational transform due to toroidal currents is taken into account. These two coupled observations are attributed to the coupling of drift modes with Alfven and acoustic waves.

Published
2006
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12. Real-time measurement and control at JET experiment control

Author

R. Bridge, S. Griph, A.V. Stephen, I.D. Young, Tommaso Bolzonella, K.-D. Zastrow, C. Ingesson, P. Card, M. Beldishevski, N. C. Hawkes, F. Piccolo, M. D. J. Bright, Jacques Blum, Paolo Innocente, Diogo Alves, D. F. Howell, J. Davis, E. Vitale, J.W. Farthing, S. Popovichef, A. Huber, R. C. Felton, R. Barnsley, Luca Zabeo, Oliviero Barana, E. Joffrin, P. Heesterman, O. Hemming, J. Harling, Javier Sánchez, F. Crisanti, H. Leggate, C. H. A. Hogben, I. Coffey, T. Budd, G. Lloyd, C. Gowers, Filippo Sartori, Marco Valisa, M. Buckley, P. McCullen, E. Jones, D. Moreau, S. E. Dorling, M. Zerbini, K. Guenther, João M. C. Sousa, Didier Mazon, M. Walters, A. Goodyear, Andrea Murari, R. Lucock, C. Giroud, K. Bosak, S. Dalley, M. Stamp, M. Wheatley, Marco Riva, E. de la Luna, and T. Edlington

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Divertor, Plasma, ITER-relevant, Neutral beam injection, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, JET, Control theory, law, Control system, General Materials Science, Plasma diagnostics, Interlock, Real-time, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Over the past few years, the preparation of ITER-relevant plasma scenarios has been the main focus of experimental activity on tokamaks. The development of integrated, simultaneous, real-time controls of plasma shape, current, pressure, temperature, radiation, neutron profiles and also impurities, ELMs and MHD are now seen to be essential for further development of quasi-steady state conditions with feedback, or the stabilisation of transient phenomena with event-driven actions. For this thrust, the EFDA JET Real-Time Project has developed a set of real-time plasma measurements, experiment control and communication facilities. The plasma diagnostics used for real-time experiments are Far Infra Red interferometry, polarimetry, visible, UV and X-ray spectroscopy, LIDAR, bolometry, neutron and magnetics. Further analysis systems produce integrated results, such as temperature profiles on geometry derived from MHD equilibrium solutions. The actuators include toroidal, poloidal and divertor coils, gas and pellet fuelling, neutral beam injection, radio frequency (ICRH) waves and microwaves (LH). The heating/fuelling operators can either define a power or gas request waveform or select the real-time instantaneous power/gas request from the real-time experiment central control (RTCC) system. The real-time experiment control system provides both a high-level, control-programming environment and interlocks with the actuators. A MATLAB facility is being developed for the development of more complex controllers. The plasma measurement, controller and plant control systems communicate in ATM network. The EFDA Real-Time Project is essential groundwork for future reactors such as ITER. It involves many staff from several institutions. The facility is now frequently used in experiments. This work has been conducted under the European Fusion Development Agreement and is partly funded by Euratom and the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

Published
2005
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13. New millimeter-wave access for JET reflectometry and ECE

Author

A. J. H. Donne, L. Meneses, C. Antonucci, Garrard Conway, L. Cupido, A. Guigon, Alessandro Bruschi, F. J. van Amerongen, J. M. Chareau, Carlo Sozzi, E. Manso, D. Starky, W.A. Bongers, J. Fessey, D. Sands, M. F. Graswinckel, D. Wagner, V. Ricardo, E. de la Luna, A. Simonetto, S. Cirant, Filipe da Silva, S. Hanks, P. Varela, T. Tisconia, N. Balshaw, and R. Pearce

Subjects
Reflectometry, Jet (fluid), Electron density, Materials science, business.industry, Thomson scattering, Mechanical Engineering, Millimeter-wave, Fusion power, Temperature measurement, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Extremely high frequency, Corrugated waveguide, General Materials Science, Antenna (radio), business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Millimeter-wave diagnostics at JET, mainly reflectometry, are employing state of art electronics, but are limited in performance by the existing waveguides and antenna system that are inadequate and obsolete. The use of long run waveguides with high losses and non-optimized antennas (in some cases, not pointing to relevant plasma positions) lead to difficult measurement conditions for reflectometry. The new access system presented in this article has been designed to improve the performance of reflectometry measurements and enable the installation of antennas for oblique viewing ECE. These two new antennae will allow the ECE radiation to be collected at different angles with respect to the magnetic field. This set-up, known as oblique ECE [1] , is expected to be extremely useful in improving the interpretation of ECE temperature measurements in all fusion experiments with significant additional heating. For reflectometry, there is an urgent need to improve the edge density measurements as both the lithium beam and Thomson scattering exhibit limitations of resolution at lower densities. The project proposal states that the expected improvement in reflectometry S/N ratio is 30 dB. If realized, this will allow broad band reflectometry, for the measurement of the electron density profile, for the first time in JET.

Published
2005
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14. Effect of sawtooth activity on tritium and beam deuterium evolution in trace tritium experiments on JET

Author

D. C. McDonald, Jet-Efda Contributors, Sergey Popovichev, Xavier Garbet, K.-D. Zastrow, E. de la Luna, B. Alper, D. C. McCune, I. Voitsekhovitch, V. G. Kiptily, G. Bonheure, S. E. Sharapov, and D. Stork

Subjects
Materials science, Neutron emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, Sawtooth wave, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electron temperature, Neutron, Tritium, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics
Abstract

One of the scenarios actively studied during the 2003 trace tritium experimental campaign performed on JET includes a gas puff of small amounts of tritium into sawtooth-unstable H-mode plasmas heated by deuterium beams. The sawtooth crashes observed in these discharges, with the electron cyclotron emission diagnostics, are frequently accompanied by the oscillations of the 14 MeV neutron emission, produced mainly due to the reaction between the deuterium beam and the thermal tritium. Such oscillations are clearly seen in low density plasmas while they are weak or absent at high density. The goal of this work is to explain the different behaviour of the oscillations of neutron emission with density. For this purpose, the dynamics of the trace tritium and beam deuterium during the sawtooth crash in discharges with different plasma density is studied numerically using the TRANSP code. In addition, a possibility of using the neutron measurements in sawtoothing low density plasmas for the test of the full and partial reconnection models is discussed and the sensitivity of the simulations to the key parameters of these models is presented.

Published
2005
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15. MHD stability analysis of diagnostic optimized configuration shots in JET

Author

S Saarelma, V Parail, Y Andrew, E de la Luna, A Kallenbach, M Kempenaars, A Korotkov, A Loarte, J Lönnroth, P Monier-Garbet, J Stober, W Suttrop, and Contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Materials science, Magnetic confinement fusion, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Plasma, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Ballooning, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Edge-localized mode, Pressure gradient
Abstract

The plasma edge MHD stability is analysed for several JET discharges in the diagnostic optimized configuration. The stability analysis of Type I ELMy plasmas shows how after an edge localized mode (ELM) crash the plasma edge is deep in the stable region against low- to intermediate-n peeling?ballooning modes. As the pressure gradient steepens and the edge current builds up, the plasma reaches the low- to intermediate-n peeling?ballooning mode stability boundary just before the ELM crash. Increasing the plasma fuelling by gas puffing makes the second stability access against high-n ballooning modes narrower until it closes completely and the ELMs change from Type I to Type III. Reducing the plasma heating has a similar effect. Increasing the safety factor at the plasma edge improves the stability against low- to intermediate-n modes allowing steeper pressure gradients to develop before an ELM crash.

Published
2005
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16. On the use of MHD mode analysis as a technique for determination of q-profiles in JET plasmas

Author

P. Smeulders, C. D. Challis, E. de la Luna, J. Mailloux, B. Alper, N. C. Hawkes, M. F. F. Nave, S.N. Gerasimov, S. Hacquin, C. Boswell, S. E. Sharapov, M. Brix, R. Galvão, D. N. Borba, Efda-Jet Contributors, and E. Joffrin

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Cross-correlation, Plasma, Low frequency, Computational physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Normal mode, Physics::Space Physics, ddc:530, Pickup, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Instrumentation
Abstract

JET plasmas show fluctuations from a large variety of MHD instabilities. A combination of spectral analysis, mode number analysis, and determination of mode radial position has the potential as a diagnostic for the plasma q profile. Mode frequencies and mode numbers are obtained from spectral and phase analysis from fast magnetic pickup signals. Cross correlation of magnetic and multiarray signals from ECE, SXR, and reflectometer systems provide the mode localization. The present status of the diagnostic systems used for fluctuation analysis is summarized, with particular emphasis on the fast magnetic pickup system. A new data collection system allows the magnetic signals to be recorded at 2 MHz for up to 32 s in each pulse. An example of q-profile validation from the observation of Alfven eigenmode cascades and a snake is given. At JET, Alfven cascades are used to determine q(min) in optimized shear discharges, while a variety of low frequency modes (such as the snake) allow the determination of the radial position of q integer values in monotonic and reversed shear q profiles. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2004
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17. Characterization of pedestal parameters and edge localized mode energy losses in the Joint European Torus and predictions for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor

Author

A. Loarte, G. Saibene, R. Sartori, T. Eich, A. Kallenbach, W. Suttrop, M. Kempenaars, M. Beurskens, M. de Baar, J. Lönnroth, P. J. Lomas, G. Matthews, W. Fundamenski, V. Parail, M. Becoulet, P. Monier-Garbet, E. de la Luna, B. Gonçalves, C. Silva, Y. Corre, and null Contributors to the EFDA-JET Workpr

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Thermonuclear fusion, Physics::Plasma Physics, Divertor, Joint European Torus, Plasma, Mechanics, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, Kinetic energy, Edge-localized mode, Instability
Abstract

This paper presents the experimental characterization of pedestal parameters, edge localized mode (ELM) energy, and particle losses from the main plasma and the corresponding ELM energy fluxes on plasma facing components for a series of dedicated experiments in the Joint European Torus (JET). From these experiments, it is demonstrated that the simple hypothesis relating the peeling-ballooning linear instability to ELM energy losses is not valid. Contrary to previous observations at lower triangularities, small energy losses at low collisionality have been obtained in regimes at high plasma triangularity and q95∼4.5, indicating that the edge plasma magnetohydrodynamic stability is linked with the transport mechanisms that lead to the loss of energy by conduction during type I ELMs. Measurements of the ELM energy fluxes on the divertor target show that their time scale is linked to the ion transport along the field and the formation of a high energy sheath, in agreement with kinetic modeling of ELMs. Higher...

Published
2004
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18. Impact of bulk non-Maxwellian electrons on electron temperature measurements (invited)

Author

V. Krivenski, E. de la Luna, M. Zerbini, J. M. Travere, R. Prentice, C. Gowers, and G. Giruzzi

Subjects
Physics, Thomson scattering, Cyclotron, Plasma, Electron, Neutral beam injection, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Ion cyclotron resonance
Abstract

In neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance frequency (NBI+ICRF) heated high-temperature Joint European Torus (JET) plasmas, electron cyclotron emission (ECE) spectra measured by the Michelson interferometer are inconsistent with the electron bulk distribution being Maxwellian. This conclusion follows from new, accurate modeling of the ECE spectra over the full measured frequency range, covering the first four harmonics of the cyclotron frequency. A model distribution function obtained by fitting a measured ECE spectrum reveals a distortion of the Maxwellian that is sharply localized at ∼1.5×thermal momentum. A consequence deduced from this distribution is that the electron temperature measured by JET’s Thomson scattering diagnostic, which weighs the bulk electrons differently, should be lower than the ECE one in the spatial region where this distortion exists. This prediction appears to be confirmed by temperature profile comparisons showing that core Thomson scattering electron temperatures on JET are up to 20% lower than ECE values for plasmas with strong NBI+ICRF heating. The possibility of addressing experimentally the question of whether the plasma has a Maxwellian bulk is also discussed. This goal can be accomplished by observing the emission at different angles with respect to the magnetic field (oblique ECE). Simulations of oblique ECE spectra using the model distribution function obtained previously show an angular variation of the emission that is characteristic of the distorted bulk.

Published
2003
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19. Heat wave experiments on TJ-II flexible heliac

Author

Francisco Castejón, S. Eguilior, Asunción Fernández, A. Cappa, E. de la Luna, Tj-Ii Team, and K Likin

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Low frequency, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal diffusivity, Electron cyclotron resonance, law.invention, Computational physics, Ray tracing (physics), symbols.namesake, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Fourier analysis, symbols, business, Stellarator
Abstract

Heat wave experiments are performed on TJ-II stellarator plasmas to estimate both heat diffusivity and power deposition profiles. High frequency electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) modulation experiments are used to obtain the power deposition profile, which is observed to be wider and duller than that estimated by ray tracing techniques. The causes of this difference are discussed in the paper. Fourier analysis techniques are used to estimate the heat diffusivity in low frequency ECRH modulation experiments. This includes the power deposition profile as a new ingredient. ECRH switch-on/off experiments are exploited to obtain power deposition and heat diffusivities profiles. These quantities are compared with those obtained by modulation experiments and transport analysis, showing good agreement.

Published
2003
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20. Confinement and stability on the TJ-II stellarator

Author

A. Cappa, J R Cepero, E. de la Luna, Kieran J. McCarthy, A. López-Sánchez, K. Likin, L Rodríguez-Rodrigo, S. Schchepetov, A Salas, C. Hidalgo, L. I. Krupnik, E. Sánchez, A.V. Melnikov, J.A. Jiménez, R. Carrasco, B. Brañas, M. Liniers, E. Blanco, J.A. Romero, C. Fuentes, J. Herranz, Enrique Ascasibar, J. Guasp, C Alejaldre, I. Kirpitchev, M. A. Pedrosa, B. van Milligen, M Blaumoser, A. de la Peña, Jesús Vega, A.A. Chmyga, F. Medina, P. Méndez, M. A. Ochando, L.G. Eliseev, R. Balbín, B. Zurro, Angela Garcia, Francisco Castejón, B. Gonçalves, A. Hidalgo, S. Petrov, J. Sanchez, C F A Varandas, Ángela Fernández, A. Portas, Victor Tribaldos, D. López-Bruna, A. E. Petrov, J Doncel, J. López-Razola, A. S. Kozachok, L. Pacios, K. Sarksian, O. I. Fedyanin, I. García-Cortés, A. Baciero, S. M. Khrebtov, I.S. Nedzelskiy, M. Medrano, I. Pastor, Francisco L. Tabarés, F. Lapayese, D. Tafalla, J M Fontdecaba, T. Estrada, N. B. Dreval, A. Malaquias, A. D. Komarov, Nina N. Skvortsova, A. López-Fraguas, L Almoguera, Romualdo Martín, S Eguilior, J. A. Alonso, and J. Botija

Subjects
Materials science, Turbulence, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Stability (probability), law.invention, Shear (sheet metal), Core (optical fiber), Coupling (physics), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Atomic physics, Stellarator
Abstract

This paper describes a series of experiments performed in TJ-II stellarator with the aim of studying the influence of magnetic configuration on stability and transport properties of TJ-II plasmas. Plasma potential profiles have been measured in several configurations up to the plasma core with the heavy ion beam probe diagnostic. Low-order rational surfaces have been positioned at different plasma radii observing the effect on transport features. Plasma edge turbulent transport has been studied in configurations that are marginally stable due to decreased magnetic well. Results show a dynamical coupling between gradients and turbulent transport. Experiments on the influence of magnetic shear on confinement are reported. Global confinement issues as well as enhanced confinement regimes found in TJ-II are discussed as well.

Published
2002
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21. Transient behaviour in the plasma core of TJ-II stellarator and its relation with rational surfaces*

Author

E. Ascasíbar, E. de la Luna, Isabel García-Cortés, Victor Tribaldos, Francisco Castejón, J. Sánchez, T. Estrada, J. A. Jiménez, and A. López-Fraguas

Subjects
Materials science, Rational surface, Cyclotron, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Shear (sheet metal), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Transient (oscillation), Atomic physics, Stellarator
Abstract

A transient behaviour is observed in the plasma core of TJ-II stellarator with fast drops in the electron temperature. Changes in the line-averaged density are observed synchronized with temperature drops. This phenomenon appears in plasmas created and heated using 300 kW of electron cyclotron heating with high power density. The transient behaviour resembles both, the electric pulsation discovered in CHS and the `electron root' feature reported by the W7-AS team. The flexibility and low magnetic shear of TJ-II have permitted the identification of the plasma current as the control parameter for the appearance of this phenomenon. The results obtained during the magnetic configuration scans carried out in TJ-II points to the hypothesis that the transient behaviour is connected with the presence of a rational surface close to the plasma centre. Equilibrium calculations performed with the VMEC code reinforce this hypothesis.

Published
2002
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22. Enhanced heat confinement in the flexible heliac TJ-II

Author

I. Pastor, T. Estrada, Victor Tribaldos, Francisco Castejón, Tj-Ii Team, I. García-Cortés, Jesús Herranz, and E. de la Luna

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Cyclotron, Magnetic confinement fusion, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Thermal conductivity, Core electron, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, Stellarator
Abstract

Recent experimental results show that the core electron temperature in the TJ-II stellarator almost doubles previously obtained values for the same heating power. These plasmas, heated with electron cyclotron waves, are characterized by their low density, and by having highly peaked electron temperature profiles and flat, or even hollow, density profiles. The conditions for obtaining these high electron temperature discharges regarding their density, injected power and dependence on plasma species are described. Neoclassical and experimental transport analyses are performed for these discharges, showing a reduction in the electron heat conductivity at the plasma core. The relations of this observed confinement enhancement to the CHS internal transport barrier and the W7-AS neoclassical electron root feature are discussed.

Published
2002
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23. Edge-localized-mode-like events in the TJ-II stellarator

Author

Enrique Ascasibar, S.V. Shchepetov, J.A. Jiménez, Francisco L. Tabarés, T. Estrada, D. Tafalla, J. Qin, A. López-Fraguas, B. Zurro, J. Sanchez, E. de la Luna, J. Herranz, I. Pastor, Victor Tribaldos, Francisco Castejón, I. García-Cortés, Tj-Ii Team, and B. Brañas

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron, Radius, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Instability, Flattening, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, Edge-localized mode, Stellarator
Abstract

ELM-like activity has been recently observed in TJ-II, in plasmas with stored energy above 1 kJ. The plasma is observed to develop bursts of magnetic activity (seen in Mirnov coil signals) which are followed by a large and distinct spike in the Hα signal. An increase in electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations at the plasma edge and a cold pulse towards the plasma centre are also characteristics of these events. In addition, the electron temperature profile locally flattens at the plasma radius where the temperature is in the range 100-200 eV. This flattening can be explained in terms of enhanced electron heat conductivity. Between ELM-like events the electromagnetic turbulence at the edge decreases and the Te profiles recover their former shapes. This activity is probably triggered by a resonant m = 2, n = 3 mode.

Published
2000
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24. Magnetohydrodynamic behaviour during core transport barrier experiments with ion Bernstein wave heating in PBX-M: I ELMs, fluctuations and crash events

Author

M.S. Chance, S. H. Batha, Fred Levinton, A. Post-Zwicker, S. Sesnic, M. Ono, S. Kaye, J.L. Dunlap, T. Seki, R. Kaita, B. LeBlanc, R.C. Isler, Paul P. Woskov, H. Takahashi, F. Paoletti, E. de la Luna, M. Okabayashi, Stephen E. Jones, H. Kugel, S. Paul, Jay Kesner, N. Sauthoff, S. Bernabei, A. Zolfaghari, W. Tighe, J. Manickam, J. Sanchez Sanz, R. Bell, S. C. Luckhardt, A.C. England, and S. von Goeler

Subjects
Physics, Shear (sheet metal), Core (optical fiber), Shear rate, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Toroid, Physics::Plasma Physics, Turbulence, Magnetohydrodynamics, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Edge-localized mode, Neutral beam injection
Abstract

If the ion Bernstein wave (IBW) heating power in an H mode discharge of the PBX-M experiment exceeds a threshold power of about 200 kW, a core transport barrier is created in the central region of the plasma. At lower neutral beam injection (NBI) powers, the core barrier is accompanied by an edge L mode. The high edge localized mode (ELM) repetition frequency (1 kHz) prevents the creation of a strong barrier, so the edge first has to make an H-to-L transition before a strong core transport barrier can be created. At higher NBI powers, the ELM repetition frequency is lowered to less than 200 Hz, which allows the immediate creation of a strong core barrier. Edge localized mode loss, which propagates radially first on a fast (non-diffusive) and then on a slow (diffusive) time-scale all the way to the plasma core, is strongly reduced in the core barrier region. Correlated with the reduced ELM loss, the fluctuations in the core barrier region are also strongly reduced, both during the ELM and during the quiet periods between the ELMs. There is strong evidence that the IBW induced poloidal flow shear is responsible for the stabilization of core turbulence and the creation of the core transport barrier. The large perpendicular E ? B flow shear component of the measured toroidal velocity in co-injection neutral beam heated discharges seems to be largely cancelled by the ion diamagnetic drift shear produced by large ion pressure gradients in the core barrier region. The value of IBW induced poloidal flow has not been experimentally determined, but its numerical value is found to be a factor of 4 larger than either the toroidal velocity or the ion diamagnetic drift shear components, leaving only IBW induced flow shear as the most probable cause for the turbulence stabilization. The core turbulence suppression and the creation of the core transport barrier is also consistent with expectations from a comparison between the E ? B flow shear rate and a rough estimate of the linear ion temperature gradient (ITG) growth rate. The presence of the core barrier region also strongly modifies the other MHD events: crashes on the q = 1.5, 2 surfaces and the disruption.

Published
1998
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25. Amplitude modulation reflectometry for density profile measurements

Author

M. Frances, H. J. Hartfuss, J. Sanchez, T. Geist, E. de la Luna, M. Hirsch, John B Wilgen, B. Brañas, T. Estrada, Gregory R. Hanson, Robert Kaita, and V. Zhuravlev

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Mechanical Engineering, Plasma, Computational physics, law.invention, Amplitude modulation, Amplitude, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Modulation, General Materials Science, Reflectometry, Stellarator, Civil and Structural Engineering, Group delay and phase delay
Abstract

Amplitude modulation (AM) reflectometry is a technique for density profile measurements in magnetic fusion plasmas based on the measurement of the phase delay of the modulation in the amplitude of a microwave beam launched and reflected at the plasma. Results from AM experiments in the PBX-M tokamak and the W7-AS stellarator are presented. A general analysis of the capabilities of the technique is performed, particularly centered in the effects of spatial turbulence. Simulations of the effects of two-dimensional turbulence have been performed for medium size (W7-AS) and large devices (LHD stellarator, ITER), showing the capability of the AM technique to operate in turbulent plasmas. Finally, possible solutions to the problem of parasitic reflections in AM systems are presented as development options.

Published
1997
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26. Two-dimensional effects of turbulence in density profile measurements by reflectometry

Author

V. Zhuravlev, E. de la Luna, and J. Sanchez

Subjects
Physics, Turbulence, Scattering, business.industry, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, WKB approximation, Computational physics, Amplitude modulation, Wavelength, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma diagnostics, Reflectometry, business
Abstract

Reflectometry is a very attractive diagnostic for measurements of density profile and plasma turbulence in reactor conditions, but the problem of interpretation of the results is not solved utterly. The reason for this is the plasma turbulence which leads to interference of signals, reflected simultaneously on different turbulent waves and back scattering of signal. Other source of perturbations is the multiple reflection of the signal between plasma and chamber wall. These effects can be simulated completely only in a 3-d full-wave code, though simulation of effects of scattering and interference may be reduced to 2-d taking advantage of the homogeneity of the plasma in the toroidal direction. Full-wave 2-d codes have been developed in recent time 1, but the use of this codes is limited due to the very complicated computations involved (a realistic simulation of a density profile measurement involves typically the calculation of the E-field detected at the antenna for a set of 2000 frequency values). In this work, a simple WKB 2-d code was used for qualitative simulation of effects of interference in situations where the turbulence size is larger than the signal wavelength.

Published
1996
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27. Detecting non-maxwellian electron velocity distributions at JET by high resolution Thomson scattering

Author

Jet-Efda Contributors, R. Scannell, K. V. Beausang, M. N. A. Beurskens, S. L. Prunty, E. de la Luna, and M. Walsh

Subjects
Polychromator, Physics, Jet (fluid), Physics::Plasma Physics, Thomson scattering, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Electron, Inelastic scattering, Atomic physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

The present work is motivated by a long standing discrepancy between the electron temperature measurements of Thomson scattering (TS) and electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics for plasmas with strong auxiliary heating observed at both JET and TFTR above 6–7 keV, where in some cases the ECE electron temperature measurements can be 15%–20% higher than the TS measurements. Recent analysis based on ECE results at JET has shown evidence of distortions to the Maxwellian electron velocity distribution and a correlation with the TS and ECE discrepancies has been suggested. In this paper, a technique to determine the presence of non-Maxwellian behavior using TS diagnostics is outlined. The difficulties and limitations of modern TS system designs to determine the electron velocity distribution are also discussed. It is demonstrated that small deviations such as those suggested by previous ECE analysis could be potentially detected, depending on the spectral layout of the TS polychromators. The spectral layout of the JET high resolution Thomson scattering system is such that it could be used to determine these deviations between 1 and 6 keV, and the results presented here indicate that no evidence of non-Maxwellian behavior is observed in this range. In this paper, a modification to the current polychromator design is proposed, allowing non-Maxwellian distortions to be detected up to at least 10 keV.

Published
2011

28. Measure of electron cyclotron emission at multiple angles in high T(e) plasmas of JET

Author

E. de la Luna, Lorenzo Figini, Carlo Sozzi, Alessandro Simonetto, P. Platania, Daniela Farina, Saul Garavaglia, and Jet-Efda Contributors

Subjects
Materials science, Cyclotron, Cyclotron resonance, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Plasma, Electron, Spectral line, Plasma diagnostics, Computational physics, law.invention, Thermal velocity, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Plasma simulation, Plasma temperature, Atomic physics, Spectral resolution, Cyclotron Resonance, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The oblique electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic installed at JET allows simultaneous analysis of the ECE spectra along three lines of sight (with toroidal angles of 0°, ~ 10°, and ~ 20°) and two linear polarizations for each oblique line of sight. The diagnostic is capable of measuring EC emission over the band of 75-800 GHz with 5 ms time resolution and 7.5 GHz spectral resolution, and it is designed to investigate the features of ECE spectra related to electron distribution in the thermal velocity range. Instrumental accuracy was assessed using sources at different temperatures (77-900 K) and with plasma emission. ECE from high temperature plasmas and in the presence of fast ions has been compared to simulations performed with the modeling code SPECE, setting an upper limit to possible discrepancies from thermal emission.

Published
2010
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29. Modelling of (2,1) NTM threshold in JET advanced scenarios

Author

R. Coelho, E. de la Luna, Patrick Maget, C. D. Challis, X. Litaudon, Jet-Efda Contributors, J. Mailloux, R.J. Buttery, M. Brix, P. Buratti, B. Alper, I. Jenkins, N. C. Hawkes, Hinrich Lütjens, C. Giroud, M. Ottaviani, G. T. A. Huysmans, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión [Madrid], Asociación Euratom-CIEMAT, and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Mode (statistics), Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Curvature, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Bootstrap current, Shear (sheet metal), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Limit (music), Tearing, Magnetohydrodynamics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The limit to high performances advanced scenario discharges with qmin above unity is generally set by the (2,1) magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) mode in JET. We investigate here the possibility that this mode is a (2,1) neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) by computing the critical island width at which such mode would be unstable, using a non-linear MHD code where the relevant bootstrap current physics is accounted for. We show that the triggering of a (2,1) NTM is consistent with a lowering of the critical island width as the plasma current diffuses towards the centre. This is explained partly by the increase in the magnetic shear at the resonant surface, which weakens the curvature stabilization term, as found in the analytical framework of a generalized Rutherford equation. A comparison with experiment is made in the non-linear regime, showing encouraging results on the dynamics of the confinement degradation and mode structure.

Published
2010
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30. Inboard and outboard electron temperature profile measurements in JET using ECE diagnostics

Author

J. Mailloux, E. R. Solano, M. Kempenaars, Daniela Farina, Francisco Castejón, M. Brix, P. de Vries, E. de la Luna, Isabel L. Nunes, L. Barrera, Lorenzo Figini, M. N. A. Beurskens, Jet-Efda Contributors, and P. J. Lomas

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Radiometer, business.industry, Cyclotron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Temperature measurement, law.invention, Pedestal, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Temporal resolution, ____, Electron temperature, business
Abstract

In this paper a novel use of the heterodyne radiometer in JET is presented. The operation of the diagnostic has been extended to allow simultaneously measurement of the pedestal temperature profile at the inboard and outboard midplane with high spatial and temporal resolution. Access to the inboard midplane region is obtained by measuring ordinary mode electron cyclotron emission (ECE) (no harmonic overlap) using an antenna located on the low-field side of the torus. To assess the potential of the ECE temperature measurements in the inboard pedestal region, a detailed analysis of ECE spectrum will be discussed. The measured electron temperature profiles are presented, including a discussion of the main uncertainties in the analysis. The comparison of inboard and outboard temperature pedestal profiles in a variety of H-mode plasmas shows a reasonable agreement in both shape and magnitude.

Published
2010
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31. Electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations in the proximity of the velocity shear layer in the TJ‐I tokamak

Author

Beatriz Brañas, J. Sánchez, E. de la Luna, M. A. Pedrosa, T. Estrada, R. Balbín, Isabel García-Cortés, C. Hidalgo, and A. P. Navarro

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Tokamak, Condensed matter physics, Turbulence, Computational Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Shear (sheet metal), symbols.namesake, Physics::Plasma Physics, Mechanics of Materials, law, Electric field, symbols, Langmuir probe
Abstract

The structure of the electrostatic and magnetic turbulence changes in the proximity of the naturally occurring velocity shear layer in the TJ‐I tokamak [Nucl. Fusion 30, 717 (1990)]. Both a modification in the fluctuation levels and autocorrelation times of the Langmuir probe ion saturation current and a decorrelation in the broadband magnetic fluctuations, have been observed in the proximity of the shear layer location. However, no direct correlation between the sheared poloidal flows and turbulence characteristics has been established.

Published
1992
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32. RECENT RESULTS ON THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN ELECTRON TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMAS IN JET

Author

E. de la Luna, Carlo Sozzi, D. Farina, O. P. Ford, Lorenzo Figini, M. Beurskens, S. Nowak, G. Grosseti, Thomas Johnson, and Jet Efda contributors

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Thomson scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cyclotron, Electron, Plasma, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Harmonic, Electron temperature, Atomic physics
Abstract

The long standing disagreement between the central electron temperature measured by Thomson scattering and electron cyclotron emission (2nd harmonic, X-mode) in high performance plasmas observed in ...

Published
2009
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33. Pedestal and scrape-off layer dynamics in ELMy H-mode plasmas in JET

Author

W. Fundamenski, Roberto Pasqualotto, I. Balboa, M. N. A. Beurskens, B. Alper, E. Giovannozzi, Alberto Alfier, Jet-Efda Contributors, J. Flanagan, M. Kempenaars, M. Walsh, R.A. Pitts, A. Loarte, P. J. Lomas, S. Wiesen, G. Saibene, E. de la Luna, and Isabel L. Nunes

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Materials science, Plasma parameters, Plasma, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, Pedestal, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma parameter, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, Atomic physics, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, TYPE I ELMS, WALL INTERACTION, PARTICLE LOSSES, TRANSPORT
Abstract

Pedestal and scrape-off layer (SOL) dynamics due to edge localized modes (ELMs) have been studied on JET with improved diagnostic capability. The new high resolution Thomson scattering system enables detailed measurement of the space and time evolution of the T e and n e pedestal profiles. The pedestal and SOL dynamics for type I ELMy H-mode plasmas have been studied for a wide range of plasma conditions. During a short period of W ped) over a large range of pedestal collisionality from below to above whereas the conductive losses strongly decrease from ∼20% of W ped to 5% of W ped with increasing . The experimental observations are compared with a simple model based on losses being driven by parallel transport.

Published
2009
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34. Studies on LH-generated fast electron tail using the oblique ECE diagnostic at JET

Author

S. Nowak, Saul Garavaglia, Y. Baranov, Giovanni Grossetti, Lorenzo Figini, Jet-Efda Contributors, Carlo Sozzi, Daniela Farina, E. de la Luna, and K. Kirov

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Physics::Plasma Physics, Cyclotron resonance, ____, Plasma diagnostics, Electron, Emission spectrum, Atomic physics, Electric current, Electromagnetic radiation, Electron cyclotron resonance, Computational physics
Abstract

The new Oblique ECE diagnostics of JET allows simultaneous measurement along three lines of sight at different toroidal angles. JET pulses, in which modulated LHCD power was applied, were analyzed by means of the SPECE emission code, which takes into account the fast electron tail generated by LH. The code results were compared to the ECE spectra from the oblique ECE diagnostic. The match between the computed and the experimental data from the three lines of sight provides an estimate of the density of superthermal electrons and of their maximum energy from which the fraction of the plasma current driven by LHCD is derived.

Published
2009

35. Recent results on the discrepancy between ECE and Thomson scattering measurements at high Te in JET

Author

E. DE LA LUNA, D. FARINA, L. FIGINI, G. GROSSETI, S. NOWAK, C. SOZZI, M. BEURSKENS, O. FORD, T. JOHNSON, and JET-EFDA contributors

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, ____, equipment and supplies
Abstract

The long standing disagreement between the central electron temperature measured by Thomson scattering and electron cyclotron emission (2nd harmonic, X-mode) in high performance plasmas observed in JET and TFTR is reexamined. In this paper we report on recent analysis carried out in JET with the aim of investigating the role of different plasma parameters, such as plasma heating scheme and fuelling, on the appearance of this discrepancy. Our analysis shows that the appearance of the discrepancy between the temperature diagnostics is correlated with the appearance of a high energy tail in the ion distribution function.

Published
2009
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36. Pedestal width and ELM size identity studies in JET and DIII-D; implications for ITER

Author

D. C. McDonald, G. Saibene, George McKee, Jet-Efda Contributors, E. R. Solano, R. Sartori, M. Kempenaars, A. Loarte, T.H. Osborne, C. Giroud, E. de la Luna, J. Flanagan, P. B. Snyder, Johnny Lönnroth, S. Saarelma, N Kohen, Roberto Pasqualotto, M. Walsh, R. J. Groebner, I. Balboa, C. F. Maggi, M. N. A. Beurskens, A.W. Leonard, E. Wolfrum, Isabel L. Nunes, E. Giovannozzi, Zheng Yan, W. Suttrop, Luca Zabeo, David Zarzoso, G. P. Maddison, B.D. Bray, L. D. Horton, Lorenzo Frassinetti, Kristel Crombé, and P. J. Lomas

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, DIII-D, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Gyroradius, Radius, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Pedestal, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Electron temperature, Atomic physics
Abstract

The dependence of the H-mode edge transport barrier width on normalized ion gyroradius (rho* = rho/a) in discharges with type I ELMs was examined in experiments combining data for the JET and DIII-D tokamaks. The plasma configuration as well as the local normalized pressure (beta), collisionality (nu*), Mach number and the ratio of ion and electron temperature at the pedestal top were kept constant, while rho* was varied by a factor of four. The width of the steep gradient region of the electron temperature (T-e) and density (n(e)) pedestals normalized to machine size showed no or only a weak trend with rho*. A rho(1/2) or rho(1) dependence of the pedestal width, given by some theoretical predictions, is not supported by the current experiments. This is encouraging for the pedestal scaling towards ITER as it operates at lower rho* than existing devices. Some differences in pedestal structure and ELM behaviour were, however, found between the devices; in the DIII-D discharges, the n(e) and T-e pedestal were aligned at high rho* but the ne pedestal shifted outwards in radius relative to T-e as rho* decreases, while on JET the profiles remained aligned while rho* was scanned by a factor of two. The energy loss at an ELM normalized to the pedestal energy increased from 10% to 40% as rho* increased by a factor of two in the DIII-D discharges but no such variation was observed in the case of JET. The measured pedestal pressures and widths were found to be consistent with the predictions from modelling based on peeling-ballooning stability theory, and are used to make projections towards ITER

Published
2009
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37. Results and prospects of oblique ECE measurements

Author

J. Fessey, S. Nowak, E. de la Luna, Carlo Sozzi, Paola Platania, S. Gavaravaglia, Jet-Efda Contributors, Alessandro Simonetto, Lorenzo Figini, Giovanni Grossetti, M. Zerbini, and Daniela Farina

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, ____, Oblique case, Atomic physics, Computational physics
Abstract

Electron cyclotron emission spectrum is a rich source of information about thermonuclear plasmas. Perpendicular low field side detection of X mode second harmonic is commonly used to measure electron temperature in toroidal devices. Measurements at different angles, and over a wider range of harmonics, sample different regions of the electron momentum space and can, in principle, give information on it. This is extremely interesting in view of burning plasma experiments, where energy transfer from non-thermal population to thermal particles is expected to be significant.

Published
2009
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38. JET ((3)He)-D scenarios relying on RF heating: survey of selected recent experiments

Author

M. Valisa, Anders Hjalmarsson, Alessandro Marinoni, Jan Källne, S. E. Sharapov, P. Mantica, Y. Andrew, Jet-Efda Contributors, L. Giacomelli, R. C. Felton, A. Casati, N. C. Hawkes, E. de la Luna, E. Lerche, Vasily Kiptily, Maria Ester Puiatti, E. Joffrin, T. M. Biewer, J. Ongena, C. Giroud, Kristel Crombé, P. J. Lomas, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Van Eester, Carl Hellesen, Göran Ericsson, and M. Santala

Subjects
Materials science, Tokamak, TOKAMAKS, Cyclotron resonance, Plasma, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, IMPURITY TRANSPORT, Alfvén wave, Standing wave, INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Dielectric heating, RF HEATING, Radio frequency, Atomic physics, WAVE MODE CONVERSION
Abstract

Recent JET experiments have been devoted to the study of ((3)He)-D plasmas involving radio frequency (RF) heating. This paper starts by discussing the RF heating efficiency theoretically expected in such plasmas, covering both relevant aspects of wave and of particle dynamics. Then it gives a concise summary of the main conclusions drawn from recent experiments that were either focusing on studying RF heating physics aspects or that were adopting RF heating as a tool to study plasma behavior. Depending on the minority concentration chosen, different physical phenomena are observed. At very low concentration (X[(3)He] < 1%), energetic tails are formed which trigger MHD activity and result in loss of fast particles. Alfven cascades were observed and gamma ray tomography indirectly shows the impact of sawtooth crashes on the fast particle orbits. Low concentration (X[(3)He] < 10%) favors minority heating while for X[(3)He] >> 10% electron mode conversion damping becomes dominant. Evidence for the Fuchs et al standing wave effect (Fuchs et al 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 1637-47) on the absorption is presented. RF induced deuterium tails were observed in mode conversion experiments with large X[(3)He] (approximate to 18%). As tentative modeling shows, the formation of these tails can be explained as a consequence of wave power absorption by neutral beam particles that efficiently interact with the waves well away from the cold D cyclotron resonance position as a result of their substantial Doppler shift. As both ion and electron RF power deposition profiles in ((3)He)-D plasmas are fairly narrow-giving rise to localized heat sources-the RF heating method is an ideal tool for performing transport studies. Various of the experiments discussed here were done in plasmas with internal transport barriers (ITBs). ITBs are identified as regions with locally reduced diffusivity, where poloidal spinning up of the plasma is observed. The present know-how on the role of RF heating for impurity transport is also briefly summarized.

Published
2009
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39. Pedestal and ELM response to impurity seeding in JET advanced scenario plasmas

Author

J. Mailloux, M. N. A. Beurskens, E. Giovannozzi, K-D. Zastrow, P. J. Lomas, C. D. Challis, Jet-Efda Contributors, R.A. Pitts, T. Loarer, A. Huber, E. Joffrin, M. Walsh, F.G. Rimini, Alberto Alfier, Luca Zabeo, P. de Vries, X. Litaudon, G. Arnoux, R. Pugno, E. R. Solano, M. Kempenaars, S. Saarelma, K. McCormick, E. de la Luna, W. Fundamenski, V. Pericoli-Ridolfini, S. Jachmich, A. S. Brezinsek, Elisabeth Rachlew, C. Grioud, Roberto Pasqualotto, S.N. Gerasimov, and JET-EFDA Contributors

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, Materials science, HIGH CONFINEMENT, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Effective radiated power, Condensed Matter Physics, TRANSPORT BARRIERS, law.invention, Computational physics, Nuclear physics, Neon, Pedestal, chemistry, Heat flux, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Seeding, ITER-LIKE WALL, H-MODES, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES
Abstract

Advanced scenario plasmas must often be run at low densities and high power, leading to hot edge temperatures and consequent power handling issues at plasma - surface interaction zones. Experiments at JET are addressing this issue by exploring the use of extrinsic impurity seeding and D(2) puffing to reduce heat fluxes. The experiments presented in this paper continue the line of advanced tokamak ( AT) scenario studies at high triangularity in JET by concentrating on the characterization of the edge pedestal and the ELM behaviour with deuterium and/or light impurity fuelling (neon, nitrogen). Both injection of extrinsic impurities and D2 puffing are shown to have a significant impact on the edge pedestal in typical JET AT conditions. The ELM energy loss, Delta W(ELM)/W(dia), can be reduced to below 3% and the maximum ELM penetration depth can be limited to r/a > 0.7, thus enhancing the possibility for sustainable internal transport barriers at large plasma radius. These conditions can be achieved in two separate domains, either at a radiated power fraction (F(rad)) of 30% or at a fraction of > 50%. At the lower Frad the ELMs are type I and a high pedestal pressure is maintained, but the occasional large ELM may still occur. At F(rad) > 50% the pedestal pressure is degraded by 30-50%, but the ELMs are degraded to type III. The intermediate regime at F(rad) similar to 40% is unattractive for ITB scenarios because large type I ELMs occur intermittently during the predominantly type III ELM phases (compound type I/III). F(rad) = 30% can be obtained with D(2) fuelling alone, whereas neon or nitrogen seeding is needed to achieve F(rad) > 50%. Only a limited number of tests have been carried out with nitrogen seeding, with the preliminary conclusion that the plasma edge behaviour is similar to that with neon seeding once the radiated fraction is matched.

Published
2008
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40. Measurements of Electron Velocity Distribution Function (invited paper)

Author

E. de la Luna, M. Zerbini, Alessandro Simonetto, Giovanni Grossetti, P. Platania, S. Nowak, Daniela Farina, Carlo Sozzi, J. Fessey, Lorenzo Figini, Jet-Efda Contributors, and Saul Garavaglia

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Thermonuclear fusion, Distribution function, Thermal velocity, Physics::Plasma Physics, Range (statistics), Plasma diagnostics, Electron, Plasma, Atomic physics, Computational physics
Abstract

Deviations of the electron function velocity distribution from Maxwellian behavior in the high energy range have been extensively studied during the past two decades. A brief review of the experimental techniques and findings on the subject is given in this paper. There are indications that the electron distribution function in thermonuclear plasmas could be significantly different from the Maxwellian one even near the thermal velocity range when particular circumstances occur. These reasons motivate a renewed effort in the measurements that could detect low energies distortions, among which is the new Oblique Electron Cyclotron Emission diagnostics that has entered operations during 2006 experimental campaign at JET and aims to resolve relatively small differences in the ECE spectra taken at three toroidal angles. Such measurements allow insight into the characteristics of the electron distribution function. First results of such experimental system are discussed in this paper, along with emission simulations.

Published
2008
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41. Edge T(e) and n(e) profiles during type-I ELM mitigation experiments with perturbation fields on JET

Author

M. Kempenaars, H. R. Koslowski, Roberto Pasqualotto, C. McKenna, S. Saarelma, M. Beurskens, Jet-Efda Contributors, Y. Liang, E. de la Luna, E. Giovannozzi, M. Walsh, and Alberto Alfier

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, business.industry, Thomson scattering, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, H-MODE, EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS, IMPROVED CONFINEMENT, TOKAMAK, Computational physics, Pedestal, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, business, Edge-localized mode, Pressure gradient
Abstract

Edge localized mode (ELM) mitigation experiments have been carried out at JET in type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas. ELM mitigation was achieved through a stochastic edge induced by the ex-vessel error field correction coils system and was found to be independent of the distance of the plasma edge to the JET wall. In all cases the detrimental effect of the ELM on pedestal confinement was considerably reduced during the stochastization phase. The new high resolution Thomson scattering (HRTS) diagnostic, which has recently become operational at JET, is used to study the behaviour of electron temperature, density and pressure pedestal profiles during the mitigation phase. The pedestal properties are monitored in a consistent way by applying a hyperbolic tangent fit to the HRTS measurements. Stability modelling with the ELITE code using the fits to the spatially resolved pedestal profile measurements suggests that the observed ELM mitigation can be understood in terms of the peeling–ballooning model. The mitigation correlates with a reduction of the edge pressure gradient (due to both a reduced height and an increased width of the edge pressure transport barrier) which is consistent with the linear ELM stability theory. It is observed that in the case of an n = 1 external field, the barrier position and height are correlated with the toroidal direction of the applied perturbation. Agreement is found between the barrier position measured by HRTS and obtained from plasma equilibrium reconstruction. The external perturbation induces a deformation of the plasma column that is primarily toroidally symmetric with a secondary component that is toroidally asymmetric

Published
2008
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42. Hybrid H-mode scenario with nitrogen seeding and type III ELMs in JET

Author

E. Joffrin, A. Savchkov, Olivier Sauter, H. Leggate, T. Loarer, C. Giroud, K-D. Zastrow, S. Hacquin, Anna Widdowson, S. Jachmich, Juergen Rapp, G. Telesca, O. Zimmermann, R.J. Buttery, Yann Corre, M. Brix, P. Monier-Garbet, Y. Andrew, R. C. Felton, Frederic Imbeaux, I. H. Coffey, Kristel Crombé, A. Huber, E. de la Luna, M. Beurskens, G. Arnoux, Elisabeth Rachlew, X. Litaudon, M. Kempenaars, J. Hobirk, G. P. Maddison, and S. Brezinsek

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Materials science, Nuclear Fusion, nitrogen seeding, ELMs, Divertor, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Computational physics, Bootstrap current, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Plasma Physics, Beta (plasma physics), Nuclear fusion, Seeding, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics
Abstract

The performance of the 'hybrid' H-mode regime (long pulse operation with high neutron fluency) has been extensively investigated in JET during the 2005-2007 experimental campaign up to normalized pressure beta(N) = 3, toroidal magnetic field B-t = 1.7T, with type I ELMs plasma edge conditions. The optimized external current drive sources, self-generated non-inductive bootstrap current and plasma core stability properties provide a good prospect of achieving a high fusion gain at reduced plasma current for long durations in ITER. One of the remaining issues is the erosion of the divertor target plates associated with the type I ELM regime. A possible solution could be to operate with a plasma edge in the type III ELM regime (reduced transient and stationary heat loads) obtained with impurity seeding. An integrated hybrid type III ELM regime with a normalized pressure beta(N) = 2.6 (PNBI similar to 20-22 MW) and a thermal confinement factor of H-98* 98(y, 2) similar to 0.83 has been recently successfully developed on JET with nitrogen seeding. This scenario shows good plasma edge condition (compatible with the future ITER-like wall on JET) and moderate MHD activity. In this paper, we report on the experimental development of the scenario (with plasma current I-p = 1.7MA and magnetic field B-t = 1.7T) and the trade-off between heat load reduction at the target plates and global confinement due to nitrogen seeding and type III ELM working conditions.

Published
2008

43. Active Control of type-I edge-localized modes with n=1 perturbation fields in the JET tokamak

Author

Eric Nardon, S.N. Gerasimov, T. M. Biewer, W. Fundamenski, S. D. Pinches, S. Hotchin, V.V. Parail, Kristel Crombé, P. de Vries, Mikhail Gryaznevich, H. R. Koslowski, Elisabeth Rachlew, C. Giroud, V. G. Kiptily, P.R. Thomas, G. Arnoux, L. Moreira, S. Jachmich, E. de la Luna, Yunfeng Liang, Philip Andrew, N. C. Hawkes, Y. Andrew, B. Alper, D. F. Howell, O. Zimmermann, M. Bigi, M. Becoulet, Y. Baranov, and M. Beurskens

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, Divertor, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Fusion power, Resonant magnetic perturbations, law.invention, Amplitude, ASDEX Upgrade, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, ddc:550, Atomic physics, Edge-localized mode
Abstract

Type-I edge-localized modes (ELMs) have been mitigated at the JET tokamak using a static external n=1 perturbation field generated by four error field correction coils located far from the plasma. During the application of the n=1 field the ELM frequency increased by a factor of 4 and the amplitude of the D(alpha) signal decreased. The energy loss per ELM normalized to the total stored energy, DeltaW/W, dropped to values below 2%. Transport analyses shows no or only a moderate (up to 20%) degradation of energy confinement time during the ELM mitigation phase.

Published
2007
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44. JET new diagnostic capability on the route to ITER

Author

A. Murari, K. McCormick, G. Arnoux, T. Loarer, J. Fessey, J. Brzozowski, L. Cupido, Eric Gauthier, D. S. Darrow, A. Huber, S. Hacquin, E. de la Luna, F. E. Cecil, P. Andrew, M. Reich, K. W. Hill, Vasily Kiptily, T. Edlington, and Jet-Efda Contributors

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Tokamak, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Divertor, Fusion power, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Thermography, General Materials Science, Plasma diagnostics, Magnetohydrodynamics, business, Faraday cage, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The JET scientific programme is directed towards the development of ITER relevant scenarios. In support of this, significant effort has been made to develop diagnostics to better characterise the power deposition on the plasma facing components, to investigate in more detail the radiation losses particularly in the divertor region and to better detect Magneto Hydrodynamic Modes (MHD) instabilities and their effects on fast ion confinement. A new wide-angle infrared camera provides for the first time the opportunity to perform infrared thermography in the JET main chamber, even during fast events like ELMs and disruptions. A completely new bolometric system, with better spatial resolution particularly in the divertor, is now used to investigate the total radiation losses and their influence on the ELM behaviour. A new set of microwave waveguides has improved by 20 dB the signal to noise ratio of the JET X-mode reflectometers, that are now routinely used to detect MHD instabilities and in particular to localise the location of Alfven Eigenmodes. This improved diagnostic capability to monitor MHD instabilities is complemented by two new diagnostics to detect lost fast particles. Both the new scintillator probe and a poloidal array of Faraday cups have already shown clear correlations between MHD activity and ion losses at the edge.

Published
2007

45. The Multichannel Extension Of The Martin-Puplett Interferometer For Perpendicular And Oblique ECE Measurements On JET

Author

C. Sozzi, A. Simonetto, S. Garavaglia, E. de la Luna, J. Fessey, S.Nowak, M. Zerbini, and JET-EFDA contributors

Subjects
___, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The design and installation of the upgraded diagnostic system for ECE perpendicular and oblique measurements at JET is presented in this paper. The system includes three lines of sight with different toroidal angles and a six channel Martin-Puplett fast scanning interferometer.

Published
2006

46. ICRF Heating for the Non-Activated Phase of ITER: From Inverted Minority to Mode Conversion Regime

Author

D. Van Eester, R. C. Felton, J. Harling, E. Lerche, Jet Efda contributors, E. de la Luna, K. D. Lawson, C. Gowers, M.-L. Mayoral, Fernando Meo, G. Piazza, P. de Vries, P. Beaumont, Isabel L. Nunes, P. U. Lamalle, Martin Laxåback, M. J. Mantsinen, M. Santala, J.-M. Noterdaeme, V. G. Kiptily, and P. J. Lomas

Subjects
Jet (fluid), Chemistry, Cyclotron, Resonance, chemistry.chemical_element, Magnetosonic wave, Plasma, Electron, law.invention, Ion, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Atomic physics, Helium
Abstract

In the initial phase of ITER H plasmas will be used in order to avoid activating the machine. The reference ICRF healing scenarios rely on minority species such as Helium (3He) or deuterium (D). These schemes’ distinctive feature comes from the presence of the fast magnetosonic wave ion‐ion hybrid resonance/cut‐off pair, between the antennas and the minority cyclotron layer. In order to document these unusual heating schemes, ICRF experiments were carried out recently on JET. First, the use of 3He ions in H plasmas was investigated with a sequence of discharges in which 5 MW of ICRF power was coupled to the plasma and the 3He concentration was varied from below 1% up to 10%. The inverted minority heating regime was observed at low concentrations (up to ∼2%). Energetic tails in the 3He distribution were observed with effective temperatures up to 300 keV and central electron temperatures up to 6 keV. At around 2%, a sudden transition was reproducibly observed to the mode conversion regime, in which the ICRF...

Published
2005
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47. Monitoring Alfvén cascades with interferometry on the JET Tokamak

Author

S. E. Sharapov, S. Hacquin, B. Alper, S. D. Pinches, N. C. Hawkes, N. P. Young, G. J. Kramer, D. N. Borba, E. de la Luna, Jet Efda contributors, J. Fessey, D. Testa, J. Rapp, and Raffi Nazikian

Subjects
Physics, Tokamak, business.industry, Joint European Torus, General Physics and Astronomy, Magnetic confinement fusion, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Plasma, Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, Computational physics, Interferometry, Optics, JET, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, ddc:550, Plasma diagnostics, Magnetohydrodynamics, business
Abstract

A microwave interferometry technique is applied for the first time for detecting a discrete spectrum of Alfven cascade (AC) eigenmodes excited with fast ions in reversed magnetic shear plasmas of the Joint European Torus. The interferometry measurements of plasma density perturbations associated with ACs show an unprecedented frequency and time resolution superior to that obtained with external magnetic coils. The measurements of ACs are used for monitoring the evolution of the safety factor and density of rational magnetic surfaces in the region of maximum plasma current.

Published
2004
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48. Type-I ELM precursor modes in JET

Author

L. Meneses, R. J. Hastie, Jet-Efda Contributors, P. Smeulders, T. C. Hender, M. F. F. Nave, C. Perez, E. de la Luna, H. R. Koslowski, G. T. A. Huysmans, Vassili Parail, M. Zerbini, and B. Alper

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Electron, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, Ballooning, Amplitude, Pedestal, Physics::Plasma Physics, ddc:530, Atomic physics
Abstract

Clear low frequency (typically 5?25?kHz) coherent type-I ELM precursor modes have been identified in JET. They are detected through various diagnostics, especially in the ECE and Mirnov signals, but also on the SXR cameras and the multichannel O-mode edge reflectometer. The modes propagate in the direction of the ion-diamagnetic drift and are usually accompanied by a slight rise in the divertor D?-emission. The precursors show no radial phase inversions and are localized to a few centimetres inside the separatrix, in the pedestal region. The time by which the precursor onset precedes the ELM event varies greatly, and ranges from 0.2?ms up to several tens of milliseconds, though the timescale has no effect on the characteristics of the precursors. During their lifetime, the precursor amplitude is often seen to fluctuate, and the frequency and dominant n-number of the precursors can change rapidly, typically within 1?ms. The range of toroidal precursor mode numbers n which have been observed is 1?13. Parametric studies show that n seems to be mainly prescribed by a combination of the electron pedestal pressure and the (normalized) electron pedestal collisionality , with increasing leading to higher n-numbers. Above a certain edge collisionality (roughly 1\hbox{--}3 SRC=http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/44/5/005/nf177921in002.gif/>) the precursors seem to be absent, indicating that a sufficiently high edge current is important to destabilize the precursors. The low-n precursors are known to be external kinks (also known on JET as Outer Modes), while experimental findings and their comparison with stability calculations suggest that the precursor modes with higher n are not pure external kinks but coupled ballooning?kink modes. Several hundred discharges have been analysed, and, in discharges with low to moderate edge collisionality, the precursors could be detected prior to most type-I ELMs, while prior to type-III ELMs the modes were not encountered. In spite of their regular occurrence, there is no evidence of the precursor mode growth rate rapidly accelerating before the ELM, indicating that type-I ELMs on JET are not triggered by these modes.

Published
2004
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49. DIAGNOSING THE ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION WITH OBLIQUE ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION ON FTU

Author

Ftu, Ecrh Groups, F. Gandini, V. Muzzini, Gustavo Granucci, Alex Bruschi, E. de la Luna, P. Amadeo, V. Krivenski, and O. Tudisco

Subjects
Materials science, Cyclotron, Phase (waves), Cyclotron resonance, Electron, Electron cyclotron resonance, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, Magnetic field, law.invention, ___, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Atomic physics, Ion cyclotron resonance
Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of diagnosing the electron distribution function by measuring Electron Cyclotron Emission (ECE) at different angles with respect to the magnetic field. This diagnostic set-up, that is often referred to as oblique ECE, provides a unique method for measuring the electron distribution function with good energy and space resolution at once. First oblique ECE measurements have been performed on FTU during onaxis Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) applied on the current ramp-up phase of the discharge. The experimental results appear to be consistent with theoretical FokkerPlanck calculations, showing the existence of a deformation of the bulk of the electron distribution function.

Published
2002

50. Profile structures of TJ-II stellarator plasmas

Author

E. Ascasíbar, Victor Tribaldos, Francisco Castejón, I. García-Cortés, I. Pastor, J. Herranz, Christian Barth, Javier Sánchez, and E. de la Luna

Subjects
Materials science, Thomson scattering, Cyclotron, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Plasma, law.invention, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, ddc:550, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, Image resolution, Stellarator, Line (formation)
Abstract

Fine structures are found in the TJ-II stellarator electron temperature and density profiles, when they are measured using a high spatial resolution Thomson scattering system. These structures consist of peaks and valleys superimposed to a smooth average. Some irregularities remain in an ensemble average of discharges with similar macroscopic parameters such as line density, central temperature, and plasma current. They are found in all the magnetic configurations explored in plasmas heated by electron cyclotron waves. Their characteristics are shown and their possible origin is discussed.

Published
2000
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