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1. The High Energy cosmic Radiation Detector (HERD) Trigger System

Author: German Martinez, Zhi-cheng Tang, J. Casaus, V. Bonvicini, Alberto Oliva, Zheng Quan, Nicola Mori, Miguel Angel Velasco Frutos, L. Pacini, Gianluigi Zampa, Ming Xu, J. Marín, Xin Liu, Eugenio Berti, Rubén Marco, Francesca Giovacchini, N. Zampa, and Tianwei Bao
Subjects: Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Trigger strategy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, Photodiode, law.invention, Transition radiation detector, Optics, law, business
Abstract: The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is a next generation spaceborne detector to be installed onboard the Chinese Space Station for about 10 years. HERD will address major problems in fundamental physics and astrophysics, providing precise measurements of charged-cosmic rays up to PeV energies, performing indirect searches for dark matter in the electron spectrum up to few tens of TeV and monitoring the gamma-ray skymap for surveys and transient searches. HERD is composed of a 3D imaging calorimeter (CALO) surrounded by a scintillating fiber tracker (FIT), a plastic scintillator detector (PSD) and a silicon charge detector (SCD). In addition, a transition radiation detector (TRD) is placed on a lateral side to provide accurate energy calibration. Based on this innovative design, the effective geometric factor of HERD will be one order of magnitud larger than that of current space-based detectors. The HERD trigger strategy is designed to accomplish the scientific goals of the mission, and is based on trigger definitions that rely on the energy deposited in CALO and the PSD. The trigger performances are evaluated using a detailed Monte Carlo simulation that includes the latest HERD geometry. In addition, alternative trigger definitions based on the event topology can be established thanks to the photodiode readout of CALO crystals. The feasibility of these topological triggers is also investigated and presented.
Published: 2021

2. The CaloCube calorimeter for high-energy cosmic-ray measurements in space: Performance of a large-scale prototype

Author: Anna Vedda, P. Spillantini, A. Rappoldi, N. Zampa, J. E. Suh, M. Olmi, A. Sulaj, G. Zampa, Raffaello D'Alessandro, V. Bonvicini, A. Sciuto, Lucrezia Auditore, S. B. Ricciarini, Alessia Tricomi, Gabriele Bigongiari, M. Bongi, S. Bottai, Eugenio Berti, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, P. S. Marrocchesi, F. Stolzi, Mauro Fasoli, A. Basti, S. Detti, G. Orzan, C. Poggiali, Paolo Brogi, C. Checchia, Sebastiano Albergo, Paolo Maestro, Antonio Trifiro, M. Antonelli, G. Castellini, C. Pizzolotto, Antonio Italiano, O. Adriani, Federico Pirzio, P. W. Cattaneo, Lorenzo Bonechi, O. Starodubtsev, M. Trimarchi, Nicola Mori, A. Tiberio, L. Pacini, Antonio Agnesi, M. G. Pellegriti, N. Finetti, Adriani, O, Agnesi, A, Albergo, S, Antonelli, M, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bigongiari, G, Bonechi, L, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Castellini, G, Cattaneo, P, Checchia, C, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Italiano, A, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Pirzio, F, Pizzolotto, C, Poggiali, C, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Spillantini, P, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vedda, A, Vannuccini, E, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N
Subjects: Calorimeters, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Space instrumentation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Scale (ratio), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Aerospace engineering, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Mathematical Physics, Physics, Calorimeter, Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, Isotropy, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Granularity, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The direct observation of high-energy cosmic rays, up to the PeV energy region, will increasingly rely on highly performing calorimeters, and the physics performance will be primarily determined by their geometrical acceptance and energy resolution. Thus, it is extremely important to optimize their geometrical design, granularity and absorption depth, with respect to the totalmass of the apparatus, which is amongst the most important constraints for a space mission. CaloCube is an homogeneous calorimeter whose basic geometry is cubic and isotropic, obtained by filling the cubic volume with small cubic scintillating crystals. In this way it is possible to detect particles arriving from every direction in space, thus maximizing the acceptance. This design summarizes a three-year R&D activity, aiming to both optimize and study the full-scale performance of the calorimeter, in the perspective of a cosmic-ray space mission, and investigate a viable technical design by means of the construction of several sizable prototypes. A large scale prototype, made of a mesh of 5x5x18 CsI(Tl) crystals, has been constructed and tested on high-energy particle beams at CERN SPS accelerator. In this paper we describe the CaloCube design and present the results relative to the response of the large scale prototype to electrons., 24 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2021

3. ORION, a Multi-Chip Readout Electronics for Satellite Wide Energy Range X-/γ-Ray Imaging Spectroscopy: design and characterization of the analog section

Author: Andrea Vacchi, F. Fuschino, Ezequiel Marchesini, Lorenzo Amati, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Irina Rashevskaya, E. Demenev, Giacomo Borghi, Piero Malcovati, A. Rachevski, E. Virgilli, Nicola Zorzi, N. Zampa, Riccardo Campana, Filippo Frontera, Pierluigi Bellutti, Antonino Picciotto, Marco Grassi, M. Fiorini, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Ficorella, F. Mele, Irisa Dedolli, M. Gandola, and Gianluigi Zampa
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Chipset, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Imaging spectrometer, Silicon Drift Detectors, Scintillator, Crystals, Transient analysis, Optics, ASIC, Bars, Detectors, Photonics, Radiation detectors electronics, Readout electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, Scintillation, business.industry, Dynamic range, Chip, Pulse shaping, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, business
Abstract: The ORION chipset, a full-custom multi-chip readout and processing electronics for the X-γ Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board the THESEUS space mission, is presented. The XGIS detection plane is arranged in a matrix of 10×10 detection modules, each one composed by 64 CsI(Tl) scintillation bars (4.5 mm×4.5 mm×30 mm) optically coupled at the top and bottom ends to two 8×8 monolithic Silicon Drift Detector matrices. The top SDD, exposed to the X-ray entrance window, performs the double function of low-energy X-ray detection as well as scintillator’s readout, together with the bottom SDD, providing a detection and spectroscopic energy range from 2 keV up to 20 MeV. The need to achieve a high energy resolution, as well as a high sensitive area on the detection plane, led to the development of a chipset organized to have a minimum-area analog readout chip placed in close proximity of the SDD (ORION-FE) and a mixed-signal back-end (ORION-BE) placed a few centimeters further on the back-end board for the additional signal processing and digitization. The multi-chip readout electronics integrates two dedicated analog processors for low-energy photons up to 30 keV (X-processor) and high-energy photons up to 5 MeV (γ-processor), allowing a spectroscopy-grade resolution in the 4 decades energy band (2 keV–20 MeV) of the XGIS, with a simulated power consumption of 1.55 mW/pixel. The ORION prototype was bonded to two ~25mm2 SDDs, and extensively characterized in terms of pulse shaping, pulse discrimination and stretching functionality, as well as linearity, dynamic range and spectroscopic resolution. An optimum Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) at –20°C of 24.3 el. r.m.s. on the X-channel (212 eV FWHM on Si), and 39.6 el. r.m.s. on the γ-channel (3.7 keV FWHM on CsI(Tl)) has been recorded.
Published: 2021

4. An innovative architecture for a wide band transient monitor on board the HERMES nano-satellite constellation

Author: G. Dilillo, A. Rachevski, P. Bellutti, I. Rashevskaya, Francesco Ficorella, Y. Evangelista, G. Zampa, Yupeng Xu, Gianluca Morgante, Fabrizio Fiore, G. La Rosa, Giuseppe Bertuccio, G. Pauletta, P. Nogara, Piero Malcovati, Miriam Grassi, A. Vacchi, M. Feroci, F. Ceraudo, Raffaele Piazzolla, Claudio Labanti, M. Fiorini, E. Virgilli, T. Chen, Nicola Zorzi, Giacomo Borghi, N. Zampa, M. Gandola, F. Mele, Giuseppe Sottile, J. Cao, L. Wang, Filippo Ambrosino, N. Gao, E. Demenev, A. Picciotto, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, ITA, DEU, and CHN
Subjects: Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator Detectors, Silicon Drift Detectors, 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Constellation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanosatellites, Gamma-ray Burst, Transient (oscillation), 0210 nano-technology, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The HERMES-TP/SP mission, based on a nanosatellite constellation, has very stringent constraints of sensitivity and compactness, and requires an innovative wide energy range instrument. The instrument technology is based on the "siswich" concept, in which custom-designed, low-noise Silicon Drift Detectors are used to simultaneously detect soft X-rays and to readout the optical light produced by the interaction of higher energy photons in GAGG:Ce scintillators. To preserve the inherent excellent spectroscopic performances of SDDs, advanced readout electronics is necessary. In this paper, the HERMES detector architecture concept will be described in detail, as well as the specifically developed front-end ASICs (LYRA-FE and LYRA-BE) and integration solutions. The experimental performance of the integrated system composed by scintillator+SDD+LYRA ASIC will be discussed, demonstrating that the requirements of a wide energy range sensitivity, from 2 keV up to 2 MeV, are met in a compact instrument., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020
Published: 2020

5. The XGIS instrument on-board THESEUS: the detection plane and on-board electronics

Author: Paolo Lorenzi, G. Zampa, Miriam Grassi, I. Rashevskaya, M. Winkler, Lorenzo Amati, Piero Malcovati, Lucas Christoffer Bune Jensen, P. Bellutti, Giacomo Borghi, Francesco Ficorella, Giuseppe Sottile, A. Picciotto, Alessandro Gemelli, F. Mele, E. Virgilli, Riccardo Campana, Søren Møller Pedersen, F. Fuschino, Ifran Kuvvetli, G. La Rosa, Piotr Orleanski, Claudio Labanti, Andrea Santangelo, Denis Tcherniak, Paul Hedderman, A. Rachevski, Luca Terenzi, C. Tenzer, A. Vacchi, M. Gandola, Nicola Zorzi, Paolo Sarra, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Bertuccio, A. den Herder, Jan-Willem, Nikzad, Shouleh, and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
Subjects: Scintillation, Cosmic Vision, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Computer science, ASIC, Detector, Electrical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Photodetector, Chipset, Integrated circuit, law.invention, ORION, law, Scintillator crystals, Silicon Drift Detector, THESEUS mission, Redundancy (engineering), Electronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: The X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer instrument on-board the THESEUS mission (selected by ESA in the framework of the Cosmic Vision M5 launch opportunity, currently in phase A) is based on a detection plane composed of several thousands of single active elements. Each element comprises a 4.5x4.5x30 mm 3 CsI(Tl) scintillator bar, optically coupled at both ends to Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs). The SDDs acts both as photodetectors for the scintillation light and as direct X-ray sensors. In this paper the design of the XGIS detection plane is reviewed, outlining the strategic choices in terms of modularity and redundancy of the system. Results on detector-electronics prototypes are also described. Moreover, the design and development of the low-noise front-end electronics is presented, emphasizing the innovative architectural design based on custom-designed Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs)., Comment: Proceedings of the SPIE 2020, paper 11444-277
Published: 2020

6. The FLARES project: An innovative detector technology for rare events searches

Author: V. Bonvicini, L. P. Rignanese, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Silvia Capelli, I. Rashevskaya, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, Monica Sisti, Marco Feroci, Anna Vedda, A. Rachevski, M. Zuffa, Riccardo Campana, F. Fuschino, M. Beretta, Y. Evangelista, N. Zampa, Mauro Fasoli, Ezio Previtali, Claudio Labanti, Martino Marisaldi, L. Gironi, ITA, Capelli, S, Baldazzi, G, Beretta, M, Bonvicini, V, Campana, R, Evangelista, Y, Fasoli, M, Feroci, M, Fuschino, F, Gironi, L, Labanti, C, Marisaldi, M, Previtali, E, Rashevskaya, I, Rachevski, A, Rignanese, L, Sisti, M, Vacchi, A, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Zuffa, M, Capelli, S., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Beretta, M., Bonvicini, V., Campana, R., Evangelista, Y., Fasoli, M., Feroci, M., Fuschino, Fabio, Gironi, L., Labanti, C., Marisaldi, M., Previtali, E., Rashevskaya, I., Rachevski, A., Rignanese, LUIGI PIO, Sisti, M., Vacchi, A., Vedda, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zuffa, M.
Subjects: Scintillating crystal, Silicon, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon detector, Temperature Detector technology, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, Innovative project, Measurements of, Particle detectors, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Scintillating crystals, Silicon drift detectors, Instrumentation, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Optics, Low temperature production, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Rare events, Low temperature, Energy resolution, 010306 general physics, Scintillation, High potential, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, chemistry, Neutrinoless double-beta decay, business, Silicon drift detector, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: FLARES is an innovative project in the field of rare events searches, such as the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay. It aims at demonstrating the high potential of a technique that combines ultra-pure scintillating crystals with arrays of high performance silicon drift detectors, operated at about 120 K, to reach a 1% level energy resolution. The proposed technique will combine in a single device all the demanding features needed by an ideal experiment looking for rare events. The performance of a first production of matrices of silicon drift detectors as well as first measurements of the low temperature light yield of a selection of high purity scintillating crystals will be presented and discussed. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2017

7. CaloCube: A new concept calorimeter for the detection of high energy cosmic rays in space

Author: E Berti, O Adriani, S Albergo, G Ambrosi, L Auditore, A Basti, G Bigongiari, L Bonechi, S Bonechi, M Bongi, V Bonvicini, S Bottai, P Brogi, G Cappello, P W Cattaneo, R D Alessandro, S Detti, M Duranti, M Fasoli, N Finetti, V Formato, M Ionica, A Italiano, P Lenzi, P Maestro, P S Marrocchesi, N Mori, G Orzan, M Olmi, L Pacini, P Papini, A Rappoldi, S Ricciarini, A Sciuto, G Silvestre, O Starodubtsev, F Stolzi, J E Suh, A Sulaj, A Tiberio, A Tricomi, A Trifirò, M Trimarchi, E Vannuccini, A Vedda, G Zampa, N Zampa, Berti, E, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Ambrosi, G, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Bigongiari, G, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Cattaneo, P, Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Duranti, M, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Formato, V, Ionica, M, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Silvestre, G, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifir, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N
Subjects: Energy resolutions, History, Calorimeters, CsI, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, calorimeter, energy resolution, High Energy Physics::Experiment, High energy physics, Cosmic rays, Computer Science Applications, Education, crystal
Abstract: Given the good performances in terms of geometrical acceptance and energy resolution, calorimeters are the best suited detectors to measure high energy cosmic rays directly in space. However, in order to exploit this potential, the design of calorimeters must be carefully optimized to take into account all limitations related to space missions, due mainly to the mass of the experimental apparatus. CaloCube is a three years R&D project, approved and financed by INFN in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter by the use of a cubic, homogeneous and isotropic geometry. In order to maximize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals and different spacings among them have been performed making use of Monte Carlo simulations. In parallel to this activity, several prototypes instrumented with CsI:Tl cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams (muons, electrons, protons and ions). Both simulations and prototypes showed that the CaloCube design leads to a good particle energy resolution (< 2% for electromagnetic showers, < 40% for hadronic showers) and a good effective geometric factor (> 3:5 m2 sr for electromagnetic showers, > 2:5 m2 sr for hadronic showers). Thanks to these performances, in 5 years of operation it would be possible to measure the ux of electrons+positrons up to some tens of TeV and the uxes of protons and nuclei up to some units of PeV/nucleon, hence extending these measurements by at least one order of magnitude in energy compared to the experiments currently operating in space.
Published: 2019

8. A new approach to calorimetry in space-based experiments for high-energy cosmic rays

Author: M. Duranti, S. B. Ricciarini, Piergiulio Lenzi, Miriam Olmi, E. Vannuccini, Anna Vedda, Noemi Finetti, Maria Grazia Pellegriti, V. Bonvicini, Gabriele Bigongiari, Massimo Bongi, Eugenio Berti, Jung Eun Suh, Sebastiano Albergo, Alessio Tiberio, A. Sciuto, F. Stolzi, S. Bonechi, Lucrezia Auditore, Marina Trimarchi, Maria Ionica, Paolo Papini, S. Detti, Gianluigi Silvestre, P. W. Cattaneo, Paolo Maestro, S. Bottai, N. Zampa, Antonio Trifiro, G. Orzan, Giovanni Ambrosi, Gigi Cappello, P. S. Marrocchesi, O. Adriani, A. Rappoldi, L. Pacini, Valerio Formato, A. Sulaj, Antonio Italiano, Lorenzo Bonechi, Mauro Fasoli, Paolo Brogi, Nicola Mori, Gianluigi Zampa, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Alessia Tricomi, A. Basti, O. Starodubtsev, Bigongiari, G, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Ambrosi, G, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Duranti, M, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Formato, V, Ionica, M, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Silvestre, G, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N
Subjects: lcsh:QC793-793.5, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Monte Carlo method, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Calorimetry, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Physics and Astronomy (all), Astroparticle, 0103 physical sciences, 7-ray astronomy, Astroparticles, Cosmic rays, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, ++++γ<%2Fmml%3Ami>+<%2Fmml%3Amrow>+<%2Fmml%3Asemantics>+<%2Fmml%3Amath>+<%2Finline-formula><%2Fnamed-content>-ray+astronomy%22"> γ -ray astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, lcsh:Elementary particle physics, Detector, Computational physics, γ -ray astronomy
Abstract: Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&amp, D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an important requirement for &gamma, ray astronomy is to have a good angular resolution in order to allow precise identification of astrophysical sources in space. In respect to the traditional approach of using a tracker with passive material in front of the calorimeter, the TIC solution can save a significant amount of mass budget in a space satellite experiment, which can then be exploited to improve the acceptance and the resolution of the calorimeter. In this paper, the status of the project and perspectives for future developments are presented.
Published: 2019

9. Searching for cosmic ray anisotropy using the calorimeter in the PAMELA experiment

Author: A. V. Karelin, Nicola Mori, W. Menn, Y. Wu, Andrea Vacchi, S. V. Borisov, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Giovanna Jerse, M. F. Runtso, A. M. Galper, R. Belotti, S. A. Voronov, A. N. Kvashnin, A. G. Mayorov, P. Picozza, C. Pizzolotto, Mirko Boezio, G. I. Vasilyev, R. Carbone, P. Spillantini, A. Bruno, L. Consiglio, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, C. De Santis, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Alfonso Monaco, N. De Simone, Laura Rossetto, Yu. T. Yurkin, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, G. Castellini, Yu. I. Stozhkov, Giuseppe Osteria, Gianluigi Zampa, S. Bottai, V. V. Malakhov, V. G. Zverev, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, M. Bongi, E. A. Bogomolov, N. Zampa, Roberta Sparvoli, A. A. Leonov, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, L. Marcelli, O. Adriani, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, F. Cafagna, I. A. Danilchenko, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, E. Mocchiutti, M. Simon, V. Di Felice, V. Malvezzi, V. Bonvicini, A., Karelin, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R., Belotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. h., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, Y., Wu, A., Galper, I., Danilchenko, M. D., Pascale, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, G., Jerse, V., Zverev, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R. h., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, A., Kvashnin, S., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, Consiglio, Lucia, S., Krutkov, A., Leonov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, V., Malakhov, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Osteria, Giuseppe, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, M., Runtso, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, and Y., Yurkin
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Scintillation, genetic structures, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Electron, Radiation, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Calorimeters, law, A-particles, Cosmic ray anisotropy, Cosmic ray spectra, Electron component, Experiment study, Nuclear components, Position sensitive, Secondary particle, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Anisotropy, Cosmic rays, Experiment, Anisotropy
Abstract: The satellite-borne PAMELA experiment studies cosmic ray spectra over a wide range of energies. The instrument was placed in orbit in June 2006 and remains there to the present day. A position-sensitive calorimeter is one of the main parts of the PAMELA instrument. The calorimeter data are used to determine the energy of particles that interact within it, separate the electron component of the detected radiation from the nuclear component, and reconstruct the tracks of particles passing through the instrument. The special calorimeter and S4 scintillation shower detector triggers enables us to expand our statistics considerably. Using the calorimeter data in generating these triggers means we can study the anisotropy of cosmic rays with energies in excess of tens of GeV. This method of anisotropy detection is based on reconstructing the direction of a particle's arrival from the axis of the secondary particle cascade in the calorimeter. ?????? 2013 Allerton Press, Inc.
Published: 2013

10. Characterization of a novel pixelated Silicon Drift Detector (PixDD) for high-throughput X-ray astrophysics

Author: N. Zampa, Nicola Zorzi, P. Bellutti, C. Labanti, A. Picciotto, D. Cirrincione, Y. Evangelista, A. Rachevski, F. Ficorella, Michele Caselle, F. Mele, Filippo Ambrosino, Giuseppe Bertuccio, G. Zampa, A. Vacchi, Marco Feroci, I. Rashevskaya, M. Gandola, G. Borghi, Piero Malcovati, Alfredo Morbidini, M. Sammartini, Riccardo Campana, Massimiliano Fiorini, F. Fuschino, M. Grassi, ITA, and DEU
Subjects: Silicon drift detector, Silicon, Preamplifier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Solid state detectors, Space instrumentation, X-ray detectors, Instrumentation, Particle detector, Optics, Mathematical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, sezele, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Dead time, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Multi-pixel fast silicon detectors represent the enabling technology for the next generation of space-borne experiments devoted to high-resolution spectral-timing studies of low-flux compact cosmic sources. Several imaging detectors based on frame-integration have been developed as focal plane devices for X-ray space-borne missions but, when coupled to large-area concentrator X-ray optics, these detectors are affected by strong pile-up and dead-time effects, thus limiting the time and energy resolution as well as the overall system sensitivity. The current technological gap in the capability to realize pixelated silicon detectors for soft X-rays with fast, photon-by-photon response and nearly Fano-limited energy resolution therefore translates into the unavailability of sparse read-out sensors suitable for high throughput X-ray astronomy applications. In the framework of the ReDSoX Italian collaboration, we developed a new, sparse read-out, pixelated silicon drift detector which operates in the energy range 0.5-15 keV with nearly Fano-limited energy resolution ($\leq$150 eV FWHM @ 6 keV) at room temperature or with moderate cooling ($\sim$0 {\deg}C to +20 {\deg}C). In this paper, we present the design and the laboratory characterization of the first 16-pixel (4$\times$4) drift detector prototype (PixDD), read-out by individual ultra low-noise charge sensitive preamplifiers (SIRIO) and we discuss the future PixDD prototype developments., Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentation (JINST) on 29th August 2018
Published: 2018

11. Room-temperature spectroscopic performance of a very-large area silicon drift detector

Author: Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Claudio Labanti, Martino Marisaldi, Fabio Muleri, Paolo Soffitta, Giuseppe Baldazzi, V. Bonvicini, A. Vacchi, Marco Grassi, Riccardo Campana, M. Mastropietro, E. Del Monte, F. Fuschino, Francesco Lazzarotto, Enrico Costa, Massimo Rapisarda, Piero Malcovati, Alexander Rashevsky, Alda Rubini, L. Picolli, Ennio Morelli, N. Zampa, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, G. Zampa, G. Zampa, R. Campana, M. Feroci, A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, F. Muleri, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, N. Zampa, G. Baldazzi, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, M. Grassi, F. Lazzarotto, P. Malcovati, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, and L. Picolli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, X-ray spectroscopy, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY, chemistry.chemical_element, ROOM TEMPERATURE, Signal, Anode, Full width at half maximum, Optics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS, Spectroscopy, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Silicon drift detectors (SDD) of small dimensions (up to 1 cm 2 ) have been successfully employed in X-ray spectroscopy due to their small anode geometry, which allows to minimize the electronic noise due to the readout device. Many applications, however, require large sensitive areas to be covered (e.g. X-ray astronomy), so that these detectors are effectively impractical. We present the spectroscopic performance of a 53 cm 2 sensitive area, multi-anode SDD, measured at room temperature using an eight-channel readout setup. The measurements, taken using 55 Fe and 241 Am sources, and X-ray tubes generating energies down to 2 keV, show energy resolutions in the range 290–570 eV FWHM, at 20 °C, depending on the number of anodes collecting the signal. Further developments we are carrying out could improve the detector characteristics and allow to approach the performance of small area SDDs.
Published: 2011

12. CaloCube: A new-concept calorimeter for the detection of high-energy cosmic rays in space

Author: Anna Vedda, E. Vannuccini, P. Papini, G. Castellini, O. Adriani, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Lorenzo Bonechi, A. Basti, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Sulaj, O. Starodubtsev, Gianluigi Zampa, G. Orzan, P. Spillantini, A. Tricomi, Maria Miritello, Antoniangelo Agnesi, L. Auditore, S. Albergo, J. E. Suh, M. Olmi, Emilio Berti, Mauro Fasoli, Nicola Mori, B. Zerbo, M. Bongi, S. Bonechi, Paolo Maestro, M. Trimarchi, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Lenzi, Gabriele Bigongiari, P. S. Marrocchesi, Paolo Brogi, Federico Pirzio, N. Finetti, A. Rappoldi, N. Zampa, G. Carotenuto, A. Tiberio, S. Detti, V. Bonvicini, S. Bottai, A. Trifiro, F. Stolzi, L. Pacini, M. G. Pellegriti, Vannuccini, E, Adriani, O, Agnesi, A, Albergo, S, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bigongiari, G, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Carotenuto, G, Castellini, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Miritello, M, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Pirzio, F, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Spillantini, P, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, and Zerbo, B
Subjects: Scintillating crystal, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Cosmic ray, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Scintillating crystals, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Calorimeter, Basis (linear algebra), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Isotropy, Computational physics, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Granularity
Abstract: The direct observation of high-energy cosmic rays, up to the PeV region, will increasingly rely on highly performing calorimeters, and the physics performance will be primarily determined by their geometrical acceptance and energy resolution. Thus, it is extremely important to optimize their geometrical design, granularity, and absorption depth, with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, which is among the most important constraints for a space mission. Calocube is a homogeneous calorimeter whose basic geometry is cubic and isotropic, so as to detect particles arriving from every direction in space, thus maximizing the acceptance; granularity is obtained by filling the cubic volume with small cubic scintillating crystals. This design forms the basis of a three-year R & D activity which has been approved and financed by INFN. A comparative study of different scintillating materials has been performed. Optimal values for the size of the crystals and spacing among them have been studied. Different geometries, besides the cubic one, and the possibility to implement dual-readout techniques have been investigated. A prototype, instrumented with CsI(Tl) cubic crystals, has been constructed and tested with particle beams. An overview of the obtained results will be presented and the perspectives for future space experiments will be discussed.
Published: 2017

13. CaloCube: An isotropic spaceborne calorimeter for high-energy cosmic rays. Optimization of the detector performance for protons and nuclei

Author: S. B. Ricciarini, F. Stolzi, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, G. Zampa, J. E. Suh, Antonio Trifiro, M. Olmi, N. Finetti, Gabriele Bigongiari, S. Bonechi, A. Sulaj, Eugenio Berti, M. Bongi, A. Rappoldi, Alessia Tricomi, P. W. Cattaneo, P. Lenzi, L. Pacini, S. Detti, N. Zampa, M. G. Pellegriti, P. Spillantini, G. Carotenuto, A. Basti, V. Bonvicini, Lucrezia Auditore, A. Tiberio, Paolo Maestro, O. Adriani, Antonio Italiano, S. Bottai, P. S. Marrocchesi, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. Orzan, Paolo Brogi, N. Daddi, Sebastiano Albergo, A. Sciuto, G. Castellini, Nicola Mori, Raffaello D'Alessandro, O. Starodubtsev, and Marina Trimarchi
Subjects: Physics, Calorimeter, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Isotropy, Detector, Cosmic rays, Scintillating crystals, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Calorimeter, Cosmic rays, Scintillating crystals, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The direct detection of high-energy cosmic rays up to the PeV region is one of the major challenges for the next generation of space-borne cosmic-ray detectors. The physics performance will be primarily determined by their geometrical acceptance and energy resolution. CaloCube is a homogeneous calorimeter whose geometry allows an almost isotropic response, so as to detect particles arriving from every direction in space, thus maximizing the acceptance. A comparative study of different scintillating materials and mechanical structures has been performed by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The scintillation-Cherenkov dual read-out technique has been also considered and its benefit evaluated.
Published: 2017

14. The LaBr3(Ce) based detection system for the FAMU experiment

Author: M. Furini, M. Zuffa, Pier Luca Rossi, I. D'Antone, A. Rachevski, L. P. Rignanese, E. Mocchiutti, A. Vacchi, A. Margotti, G. Zampa, Claudio Labanti, E. Vallazza, Giuseppe Baldazzi, S. Meneghini, Gianluca Morgante, F. Fuschino, N. Zampa, Baldazzi, G., Vacchi, A., Labanti, C., Morgante, G., Fuschino, F., Rignanese, L.P., Rossi, P.L., Mocchiutti, E., Zampa, N., Zampa, G., Rachevski, A., Vallazza, E., D'Antone, I., Zuffa, M., Meneghini, S., Margotti, A., and Furini, M.
Subjects: Signal processing, Detector readout, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Ground state, Charged particle, Atom, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, Timing detectors, Spectrometer, Hyperfine splitting, Optics, Photomultiplier tube, Front-end electronics for detector readout, 0103 physical sciences, Digital signal processing (DSP), Pulsed muon beam, 010306 general physics, Spectrometers, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Voltage dividers, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Voltage divider, Detector, High voltage, Digital signal processing, Spectrometers Circular support, High-precision measurement, Timing detector, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The FAMU experiment is devoted to the high precision measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the muonic-hydrogen atom ground state using a pulsed and intense muon beam; it requires careful technological choices both in the construction of the gas target and of the detectors. In the last three years, the cryogenic gas target was developed and used for experimental measurement sessions, with the low energy pulsed muon beam (55-65 MeV), at the RIKEN-RAL (U.K.) muon facility. At the same time, eight LaBr3(Ce) based detectors have been developed to be accommodated in a circular support surrounding the target. The readout for each detector consists of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) equipped with an improved fully active high voltage divider and a Digital Pulse Processor (DPP) performing noise reduction with an optimal (triangular) filter. The active voltage divider, together with the DPP, allow to operate at high speed while retaining all the spectrometric properties of the LaBr3(Ce) scintillator. In this paper, the development of this innovative high-performance detection system is presented. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.
Published: 2017

15. CaloCube: a novel calorimeter for high-energy cosmic rays in space

Author: N. Finetti, F. Stolzi, Gigi Cappello, P. W. Cattaneo, Lucrezia Auditore, S. Bottai, M. G. Pellegriti, A. Basti, A. Rappoldi, L. Pacini, A Vedda, J. E. Suh, S. Albergo, P. S. Marrocchesi, M. Olmi, P. Spillantini, M Fasoli, Maria Miritello, N. Zampa, Gabriele Bigongiari, S. Bonechi, Eugenio Berti, G. Zampa, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Paolo Brogi, P. Lenzi, Antonio Trifiro, G. Carotenuto, Bonvicini, S. Detti, A. Tiberio, Lorenzo Bonechi, Alessia Tricomi, A Agnesi, A. Sulaj, G. Castellini, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, O. Starodubtsev, M. Bongi, O. Adriani, A Italiano, F Pirzio, M. Trimarchi, Nicola Mori, G. Orzan, Paolo Maestro, Rappoldi, A, Morselli, A, Cattaneo, P, Adriani, O, Agnesi, A, Albergo, S, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bigongiari, G, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Carotenuto, G, Castellini, G, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Miritello, M, Mori, N, Olmi, M, Orzan, G, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Pirzio, F, Ricciarini, S, Spillantini, P, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifirò, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N
Subjects: Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, QC1-999, Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics
Abstract: CaloCube is an R&D project borne to develop a novel calorimeter design, optimized for high-energy cosmic ray measurements in space. A small prototype made of CsI(Tl) elements has been built and tested on particle beams. A final version, made of 5Ã5Ã18 crystals and with dual readout (two photodiodes for each crystal), to cover the full required dynamic range, is under construction and will be tested at CERN SPS in Summer 2016. The dual readout compensation technique were developed and the feasibility to extract ÃÅ erenkov signals from CsI crystals verified.
Published: 2017

16. CaloCube: an innovative homogeneous calorimeter for the next-generation space experiments

Author: L. Pacini, N. Finetti, N. Daddi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, F. Stolzi, Anna Vedda, Antonio Agnesi, J. E. Suh, A. Sulaj, M. Olmi, Paolo Maestro, Sebastiano Albergo, Gigi Cappello, A. Basti, S. Bonechi, P. W. Cattaneo, O. Adriani, Emanuele Berti, G. Orzan, P. Lenzi, M. G. Pellegriti, Lucrezia Auditore, P. Spillantini, Maria Miritello, G. Zampa, S. Detti, M. Chiari, Lorenzo Bonechi, M. Bongi, Antonio Trifiro, P. S. Marrocchesi, Gabriele Bigongiari, Alessia Tricomi, Paolo Brogi, S. B. Ricciarini, Federico Pirzio, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, G. Castellini, O. Starodubtsev, G. Carotenuto, M. Trimarchi, V. Bonvicini, A. Tiberio, Nicola Mori, N. Zampa, S. Bottai, A. Rappoldi, Mauro Fasoli, Pacini, L, Adriani, O, Agnesi, A, Albergo, S, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bigongiari, G, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Carotenuto, G, Castellini, G, Cattaneo, P, Chiari, M, Daddi, N, Dalessandro, R, Detti, S, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Miritello, M, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Pirzio, F, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Spillantini, P, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N
Subjects: Physics, History, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Isotropy, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Space launch, Computer Science Applications, Education, Calorimeter, Physics and Astronomy (all), Quality (physics), FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Particle, Aerospace engineering, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The direct measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum, up to the knee region, is one of the instrumental challenges for next generation space experiments. The main issue for these measurements is a steeply falling spectrum with increasing energy, so the physics performance of the space calorimeters are primarily determined by their geometrical acceptance and energy resolution. CaloCube is a three-year R&D; project, approved and financed by INFN in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-born calorimeter. The peculiarity of the design of CaloCube is its capability of detecting particles coming from any direction, and not only those on its upper surface. To ensure that the quality of the measurement does not depend on the arrival direction of the particles, the calorimeter will be designed as homogeneous and isotropic as possible. In addition, to achieve a high discrimination power for hadrons and nuclei with respect to electrons, the sensitive elements of the calorimeter need to have a fine 3-D sampling capability. In order to optimize the detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, which is the most important constraint for a space launch, a comparative study of different scintillating materials has been performed using detailed Monte Carlo simulation based on the FLUKA package. In parallel to simulation studies, a prototype consisting in 14 layers of 3 x 3 CsI(Tl) crystals per layer has been assembled and tested with particle beams. An overview of the obtained results during the first two years of the project will be presented and the future of the detector will be discussed too.
Published: 2017

17. The PAMELA experiment and cosmic ray observations

Author: G. Castellini, P. Spillantini, Mirko Boezio, Alexey Leonov, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, Ritabrata Sarkar, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, A. N. Kvashnin, Matteo Martucci, S. Y. Krutkov, S. Bottai, F. Palma, Yu. T. Yurkin, M. Simon, Valerio Formato, M. Bongi, V. Di Felice, A. G. Mayorov, Roberta Sparvoli, P. Picozza, V. V. Malakhov, Valentina Scotti, A. V. Karelin, R. Carbone, Sergey Koldobskiy, Alfonso Monaco, G. C. Barbarino, I. A. Danilchenko, Marco Ricci, V. G. Zverev, M. Merge, O. Adriani, G. I. Vasilyev, W. Menn, E. Mocchiutti, V. V. Mikhailov, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, F. Cafagna, G. Osteria, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Nicola Mori, C. De Santis, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, C. De Donato, Riccardo Munini, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, Sergey Koldashov, Per Carlson, N. De Simone, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, N., Mori, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, I. A., Danilchenko, C., De Donato, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, V., Formato, A. M., Galper, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S. A., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A. A., Leonov, V. V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, M., Mergè, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, Munini, Riccardo, G., Osteria, F., Palma, B., Panico, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, M. L., Rosetto, R., Sarkar, V. M., Simon, Sparvoli, Y. I., Stozhkov, P., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G. I., Vasil’Ev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V. G., Zverev, Mori, N., Adriani, O., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Danilchenko, I. A., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergé, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zverev, V. G.
Subjects: Physics, Space experiments, Range (particle radiation), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic rays, Settore FIS/04, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Space experiment, law, Physics::Space Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, space experiments
Abstract: The \PAMELA\ space experiment is aimed at precise measurements of the charged light component of the cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range spanning from the sub-GeV region to the TeV region, with a particular focus on antimatter. The instrument consists of a magnetic spectrometer, an electromagnetic sampling calorimeter,a time-of-flight system, an anticoincidence shield, a tail-catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. Launched in June 2006 and hosted on the Resurs-DK1 satellite, \PAMELA\ has been taking data for more than eight years, providing scientific results with unprecedented statistics and a continuous monitoring of the sun activity and the heliosphere.
Published: 2015

18. PAMELA measurements of the boron and carbon spectra

Author: Alexey Leonov, A. G. Mayorov, Ritabrata Sarkar, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, S. Y. Krutkov, Yu. T. Yurkin, A. V. Karelin, C. De Santis, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, Valerio Formato, C. De Donato, G. Osteria, Riccardo Munini, D. Campana, R. Carbone, O. Adriani, Alfonso Monaco, Sergey Koldobskiy, V. Di Felice, G. C. Barbarino, W. Menn, V. Bonvicini, V. V. Malakhov, Marco Casolino, Roberto Bellotti, Valentina Scotti, G. Castellini, A. M. Galper, L. Marcelli, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, S. Bottai, A. Bruno, M. Merge, N. De Simone, M. Bongi, A. N. Kvashnin, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Sergey Koldashov, Nicola Mori, P. Papini, Matteo Martucci, E. Vannuccini, Mirko Boezio, S. A. Voronov, G. I. Vasilyev, Per Carlson, E. A. Bogomolov, F. Palma, V. V. Mikhailov, Maria Teresa Ricci, F. Cafagna, M. Simon, Roberta Sparvoli, E. Mocchiutti, N., Mori, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, C., De Donato, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, V., Formato, A. M., Galper, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, M., Mergé, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, Munini, Riccardo, G., Osteria, F., Palma, B., Panico, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, V., Scotti, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G. I., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, Mori, N, Adriani, O, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A, Bellotti, R, Boezio, M, Bogomolov, E. A, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Bruno, A, Cafagna, F, Campana, D, Carbone, R, Carlson, P, Casolino, M, Castellini, G, De Donato, C, De Santis, C, De Simone, N, Felice, V. Di, Formato, V, Galper, A. M, Karelin, A. V, Koldashov, S. V, Koldobskiy, S, Krutkov, S. Y, Kvashnin, A. N, Leonov, A, Malakhov, V, Marcelli, L, Martucci, M, Mayorov, A. G, Menn, W, Mergé, M, Mikhailov, V. V, Mocchiutti, E, Monaco, A, Munini, R, Osteria, G, Palma, F, Panico, B, Papini, P, Pearce, M, Picozza, P, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S. B, Sarkar, R, Scotti, V, Simon, M, Sparvoli, R, Spillantini, P, Stozhkov, Y. I, Vacchi, A, Vannuccini, E, Vasilyev, G. I, Voronov, S. A, Yurkin, Y. T, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N.
Subjects: History, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Spectral line, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), cosmic rays, law, PAMELA, Boron, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmology, High energy physics Anticoincidence systems, Boron and carbons, Cosmic ray spectra, Data analysis techniques, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Injection spectra, Magnetic spectrometers, Time of flight systems, Neutron detection, Physics, carbon boron, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Settore FIS/04, PAMELA, cosmic rays, carbon boron, fluxes, fluxes, Computer Science Applications, chemistry, Antimatter, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Carbon
Abstract: The satellite-borne PAMELA experiment is aimed at precision measurements of the charged light component of the cosmic-ray spectrum, with a particular focus on antimatter. It consists of a magnetic spectrometer, a time-of-flight system, an electromagnetic calorimeter with a tail catcher scintillating layer, an anticoincidence system and a neutron detector. PAMELA has measured the absolute fluxes of boron and carbon and the B/C ratio, which plays a central role in galactic propagation studies in order to derive the injection spectra at sources from measurements at Earth. In this paper, the data analysis techniques and the final results are presented.
Published: 2015

19. Measurement of electron-positron spectrum in high-energy cosmic rays in the PAMELA experiment

Author: S. Bottai, Roberta Sparvoli, Sergey Koldobskiy, A. V. Karelin, G. C. Barbarino, Alfonso Monaco, Yu. T. Yurkin, D. Campana, G. Osteria, Riccardo Munini, M. Merge, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, Per Carlson, Marco Casolino, A. Bruno, F. Palma, V. V. Malakhov, S. Y. Krutkov, Sergey Koldashov, Massimo Bongi, S. A. Voronov, Roberto Bellotti, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, R. Carbone, A. M. Galper, E. A. Bogomolov, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Valentina Scotti, A. N. Kvashnin, P. Picozza, G. Castellini, Laura Rossetto, Mirko Boezio, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Alexey Leonov, N. De Simone, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Ritabrata Sarkar, Valerio Formato, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Simon, O. Adriani, W. Menn, Matteo Martucci, F. Cafagna, Maria Teresa Ricci, Piero Spillantini, A. G. Mayorov, G. I. Vasilyev, C. De Santis, C. De Donato, Nicola Mori, E. Mocchiutti, V. Di Felice, V. Bonvicini, A. V., Karelin, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, C., De Donato, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, V., Formato, A. M., Galper, S. V., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, A. G., Mayorov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, W., Menn, M., Mergé, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Munini, Riccardo, G., Osteria, F., Palma, B., Panico, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, V., Scotti, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G. I., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, Karelin, A. V, Adriani, O, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A, Bellotti, R, Boezio, M, Bogomolov, E. A, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Bruno, A, Cafagna, F, Campana, D, Carbone, R, Carlson, P, Casolino, M, Castellini, G, De Donato, C, De Santis, C, De Simone, N, Felice, V. Di, Formato, V., Galper, A. M, Koldashov, S. V, Koldobskiy, S. A, Krutkov, S. Y, Kvashnin, A. N, Leonov, A. A, Mayorov, A. G, Malakhov, V. V, Marcelli, L, Martucci, M., Menn, W, Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V, Mocchiutti, E, Monaco, A, Mori, N, Munini, R., Osteria, G, Palma, F, Panico, B., Papini, P, Pearce, M, Picozza, P, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S. B, Sarkar, R, Scotti, V., Rossetto, L, Simon, M, Sparvoli, R, Spillantini, P, Vacchi, A, Vannuccini, E, Vasilyev, G. I, Voronov, S. A, Yurkin, Y. T, Zampa, G, and Zampa, N.
Subjects: electron, History, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic rays, positron, electron, PAMELA, Cosmic ray, Particle detector, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, law, PAMELA, Neutron detection, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Cosmic rays, Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Settore FIS/04, Computer Science Applications, Antimatter, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, positron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Calorimeters, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmology, Electron energy levels, Positrons, Tellurium compounds Cosmic ray electrons, Energy ranges, High-energy cosmic rays, High-energy electron, High-energy range
Abstract: At present the existing data on the cosmic ray electron energy spectra in the high energy range are fragmented, and the situation is exacerbated by their small number. In the satellite PAMELA experiment measurements at high energies are carried out by the calorimeter. The experimental data accumulated for more than 8 years of measurements, with the information of the calorimeter, the neutron detector and the scintillation counters made it possible to obtain the total spectrum of high-energy electrons and positrons in energy range 0.3-3 TeV.
Published: 2015

20. High‐Energy Deuteron Measurement with the CAPRICE98 Experiment

Author: M. Ambriola, Roberta Sparvoli, C. De Marzo, Tom Francke, Peter Hansen, W. Menn, V. Bonvicini, P. Papini, D. Bergström, A. Morselli, E. Vannuccini, J. Kremer, P. Schiavon, Marco Ricci, M. Simon, John Mitchell, M. Suffert, Jonathan F. Ormes, S. J. Stochaj, Roberto Bellotti, Per Carlson, Marco Casolino, S. A. Stephens, M. P. De Pascale, F. Cafagna, M. Hof, A. Vacchi, E. Mocchiutti, S. Piccardi, R. E. Streitmatter, Piero Spillantini, F. Ciacio, M. Circella, Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, S. Bartalucci, Mirko Boezio, N. Zampa, P., Papini, S., Piccardi, P., Spillantini, E., Vannuccini, M., Ambriola, R., Bellotti, F., Cafagna, F., Ciacio, M., Circella, C. N., De Marzo, S., Bartalucci, M., Ricci, D., Bergström, P., Carlson, T., Francke, P., Hansen, E., Mocchiutti, M., Boezio, V., Bonvicini, Schiavon, Paolo, A., Vacchi, N., Zampa, U., Bravar, S. J., Stochaj, M., Casolino, M. P., De Pascale, A., Morselli, P., Picozza, R., Sparvoli, M., Hof, J., Kremer, W., Menn, M., Simon, J. W., Mitchell, J. F., Orme, S. A., Stephen, R. E., Streitmatter, and M., Suffert
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Spectrometer, Proton, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Kinetic energy, Nuclear physics, Deuterium, Space and Planetary Science, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: We report the first measurement of the deuterium abundance in cosmic rays above 10 GeV nucleon � 1 of kinetic energy. The data were collected by the balloon-borne experiment CAPRICE98, which was flown on 1998 May 28–29 from Fort Sumner, New Mexico. The detector configuration included the NMSU-WiZard/CAPRICE superconducting magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas RICH detector, a silicon-tungsten calorimeter, and a time-of-flight system. By combining the information from the spectrometer and the RICH detector, it was possible to separate deuterons from protons in the kinetic energy range from 12 to 22 GeV nucleon � 1 .I n order to estimate the proton background and the deuteron selection efficiency, we developed an empirical model for the response of the instrument, based on the data collected in this experiment. The analysis procedure is described in this paper, and the result on the absolute flux of deuterium is presented. We found that the deuterium abundance at high energy is consistent with the hypothesis that the propagation mechanism of light nuclei is the same as that of heavier secondary components. Subject headings: balloons — cosmic rays — Galaxy: abundances — ISM: abundances
Published: 2004

21. Characterization of the VEGA ASIC coupled to large area position-sensitive Silicon Drift Detectors

Author: D. Macera, N. Zampa, A. Vacchi, E. Del Monte, F. Ficorella, Gabriele Giacomini, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Marco Grassi, Lucia Andreani, Fabio Muleri, Gianluigi Zampa, A. Rachevski, Marco Feroci, Antonino Picciotto, Y. Evangelista, C. Labanti, Giuseppe Baldazzi, M. Zuffa, Yannick Favre, Martino Marisaldi, M. Ahangarianabhari, Piero Malcovati, I. Rashevskaya, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, R Campana, Y Evangelista, F Fuschino, M Ahangarianabhari, D Macera, G Bertuccio, M Grassi, C Labanti, M Marisaldi, P Malcovati, A Rachevski, G Zampa, N Zampa, L Andreani, G Baldazzi, E Del Monte, Y Favre, M Feroci, F Muleri, I Rashevskaya, A Vacchi, F Ficorella, G Giacomini, A Picciotto, and M Zuffa
Subjects: X-ray detector, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Instrumentation, Detector, Front-end electronics for detector readout, X-ray detectors, Mathematical Physics, Vega, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Noise (electronics), Space exploration, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Application-specific integrated circuit, Electronic engineering, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: Low-noise, position-sensitive Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) are particularly useful for experiments in which a good energy resolution combined with a large sensitive area is required, as in the case of X-ray astronomy space missions and medical applications. This paper presents the experimental characterization of VEGA, a custom Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) used as the front-end electronics for XDXL-2, a large-area (30.5 cm^2) SDD prototype. The ASICs were integrated on a specifically developed PCB hosting also the detector. Results on the ASIC noise performances, both stand-alone and bonded to the large area SDD, are presented and discussed., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentation (JINST)
Published: 2014

22. Characterization of a LaBr3scintillator with multi-cell Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) readout

Author: Pierluigi Bellutti, Riccardo Campana, Francesco Ficorella, G. C. Gangemi, I. Rashevskaya, Claudio Labanti, Nicola Zorzi, F. Fuschino, Sergio Fabiani, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Alexander Rashevsky, I. Elmi, Y. Evangelista, Luciano Burderi, C. Piemonte, G. Borghi, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, Martino Marisaldi, L. P. Rignanese, Marco Feroci, Fuschino, Fabio, Labanti, C., Campana, R., Gangemi, G. C., Marisaldi, M., Rignanese, L. P., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Elmi, I., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Rashevsky, A., Vacchi, A., Rashevskaya, I., Fabiani, S., Zorzi, N., Piemonte, C., Bellutti, P., Ficorella, F., Borghi, G., and Burderi, L.
Subjects: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Silicon drift detector, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, scintillation X and gamma-ray detector, LaBr3(Ce), Silicon Drift Detector, Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Gamma ray, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: A scintillation gamma-ray detector, composed of a commercial 0.5" thick, 0.5" diameter LaBr3(Ce) crystal coupled to a 7-cell hexagonal Silicon Drift Detector has been developed and tested. The characterization with X-rays and gamma rays is presented and discussed also within the context of the optical properties of the readout system. A final comparison between our results and state of the art is also discussed in order to propose this prototype for astrophysical applications. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Published: 2016

23. A compact and modular X and gamma-ray detector with a CsI scintillator and double-readout Silicon Drift Detectors

Author: F. Fuschino, Nicola Zorzi, Antonino Picciotto, Riccardo Campana, Y. Evangelista, A. Vacchi, I. Elmi, Lorenzo Amati, L. P. Rignanese, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Marco Feroci, I. Rashevskaya, Massimiliano Fiorini, Pierluigi Bellutti, Martino Marisaldi, C. Labanti, Filippo Frontera, F. Ficorella, A. Rachevski, Gianluigi Zampa, N. Zampa, Claudio Piemonte, Michela Uslenghi, ITA, Campana, R., Fuschino, Fabio, Labanti, C., Marisaldi, M., Amati, L., Fiorini, M., Uslenghi, M., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bellutti, P., Evangelista, Y., Elmi, I., Feroci, M., Ficorella, F., Frontera, Filippo, Picciotto, A., Piemonte, C., Rachevski, A., Rashevskaya, I., Rignanese, L. P., Vacchi, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zorzi, N.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon, High-energy astronomy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High energy astrophysics, X-ray detectors, Î³-ray detectors, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, High energy astrophysics, X-ray detectors, γ-ray detectors, Spectrometer, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Modular design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A future compact and modular X and gamma-ray spectrometer (XGS) has been designed and a series of prototypes have been developed and tested. The experiment envisages the use of CsI scintillator bars read out at both ends by single-cell 25 mm2 Silicon Drift Detectors. Digital algorithms are used to discriminate between events absorbed in the Silicon layer (lower energy X rays) and events absorbed in the scintillator crystal (higher energy X rays and gamma-rays). The prototype characterization is shown and the modular design for future experiments with possible astrophysical applications (e.g. for the THESEUS mission proposed for the ESA M5 call) are discussed., 10 pages, 11 figures. Published in Proceeding of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016
Published: 2016

24. Development and tests of a new prototype detector for the XAFS beamline at Elettra Synchrotron in Trieste

Author: Joseph Niemela, N. Zampa, Claudio Piemonte, Dario Giuressi, Marco Bruschi, Nicola Zorzi, Luca Olivi, Gianluigi Zampa, L. P. Rignanese, Giuseppe Baldazzi, A. Sbrizzi, J. Bufon, Ralf Hendrik Menk, A. Rachevski, M. Ahangarianabhari, Pierluigi Bellutti, S. Schillani, Sergio Fabiani, Chiara Guazzoni, S. Ciano, Andrea Vacchi, V Garcia, G. Giacomini, Antonino Picciotto, M. Dos Santos, Maria Liz Crespo, Irina Rashevskaya, Andrea Castoldi, M. Gandola, Sergio Carrato, Andres Cicuttin, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Giuseppe Cautero, Fabiani, S., Ahangarianabhari, M., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bellutti, P., Bertuccio, G., Bruschi, M., Bufon, J., Carrato, S., Castoldi, A., Cautero, G., Ciano, S., Cicuttin, A., Crespo, M. L., Santos, M. Do, Gandola, M., Giacomini, G., Giuressi, D., Guazzoni, C., Menk, R. H., Niemela, J., Olivi, L., Picciotto, A., Piemonte, C., Rashevskaya, I., Rachevski, A., Rignanese, LUIGI PIO, Sbrizzi, Antonio, Schillani, S., Vacchi, A., Garcia, V. Villaverde, Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zorzi, N., Dell'Oro S.,D'Angelo M.,Di Stefano M.,Cattani G.,Migliaccio M.,Agostini F.,Antolini C.,Bossa M.,Fragione G.,Pagnanini L., F. Agostini ... [et al.], Baldazzi, G., Bufon, Jernej, Carrato, Sergio, Cautero, Giuseppe, Ciano, Stefano, Giuressi, Dario, Menk, RALF HENDRIK, Niemela, JOSEPH JAMES, Piemonte, Claudio, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rignanese, L. P., Sbrizzi, A., Vacchi, Andrea, Zampa, Gianluigi, and Zampa, Nicola
Subjects: History, Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Fluorescence, Education, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, law, Synchrotron, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diﬀraction, Silicon Drift Detector, ASIC, Digital Signal Processing, Silicon Drift Detector, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Monochromator, X-ray spectroscopy, sezele, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Fluorescence, Silicon Drift Detector, Synchrotron, Computer Science Applications, Beamline, business
Abstract: The XAFS beamline at Elettra Synchrotron in Trieste combines X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to provide chemically specific structural information of materials. It operates in the energy range 2.4-27 keV by using a silicon double reflection Bragg monochromator. The fluorescence measurement is performed in place of the absorption spectroscopy when the sample transparency is too low for transmission measurements or the element to study is too diluted in the sample. We report on the development and on the preliminary tests of a new prototype detector based on Silicon Drift Detectors technology and the SIRIO ultra low noise front-end ASIC. The new system will be able to reduce drastically the time needed to perform fluorescence measurements, while keeping a short dead time and maintaining an adequate energy resolution to perform spectroscopy. The custom-made silicon sensor and the electronics are designed specifically for the beamline requirements., Comment: Proceeding of the 6YRM 12th-14th Oct 2015 - L'Aquila (Italy). Accepted for publication on Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Published: 2016
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25. The XGS instrument on-board THESEUS

Author: F. Fuschino, I. Rashevskaya, Michela Uslenghi, Filippo Frontera, A. Rachevski, G. Zampa, Pierluigi Bellutti, C. Piemonte, Martino Marisaldi, A. Vacchi, I. Elmi, Lorenzo Amati, Y. Evangelista, N. Zampa, L. P. Rignanese, Riccardo Campana, M. Fiorini, Marco Feroci, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Claudio Labanti, ITA, Fuschino, Fabio, Campana, R., Labanti, C., Marisaldi, M., Amati, L., Fiorini, M., Uslenghi, M., Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Evangelista, Y., Elmi, I., Feroci, M., Frontera, Filippo, Rachevski, A., Rignanese, LUIGI PIO, Vacchi, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Rashevskaya, I., Bellutti, P., and Piemonte, C.
Subjects: History, Engineering, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation, Detector, Electrical engineering, Scintillator, Space exploration, Computer Science Applications, Education, Physics and Astronomy (all), Stack (abstract data type), Position (vector), Electronic engineering, Electronics, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Consolidated techniques used for space-borne X-ray and gamma-ray instruments are based on the use of scintillators coupled to Silicon photo-detectors. This technology associated with modern very low noise read-out electronics allows the design of innovative architectures able to reduce drastically the system complexity and power consumption, also with a moderate-to-high number of channels. These detector architectures can be exploited in the design of space instrumentation for gamma-spectroscopy with the benefit of possible smart background rejection strategies. We describe a detector prototype with 3D imaging capabilities to be employed in future gamma-ray and particle space missions in the 0.002-100 MeV energy range. The instrument is based on a stack of scintillating bars read out by Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) at both ends. The spatial segmentation and the crystal double-side readout allow a 3D position reconstruction with ∼3 mm accuracy within the full active volume, using a 2D readout along the two external faces of the detector. Furthermore, one of the side of SDDs can be used simultaneously to detect X-rays in the 2-30 keV energy range. The characteristics of this instrument make it suitable in next generation gamma-ray and particle space missions for Earth or outer space observations, and it will be briefly illustrated.
Published: 2016

26. H, He, Li and Be Isotopes in the PAMELA-Experiment

Author: W Menn, O Adriani, G C Barbarino, G A Bazilevskaya, R Bellotti, M Boezio, E A Bogomolov, M Bongi, V. Bonvicini, S Bottai, A Bruno, F Cafagna, D Campana, P Carlson, M Casolino, G Castellini, C De Donato, C De Santis, N De Simone, V di Felice, V Formato, A M Galper, A V Karelin, S V Koldashov, S Koldobskiy, S Y Krutkov, A N Kvashnin, A Leonov, V Malakhov, L Marcelli, M Martucci, A G Mayorov, M Mergè, V Mikhailov, E Mocchiutti, A Monaco, N Mori, R Munini, G Osteria, F Palma, B Panico, P Papini, M Pearce, P Picozza, M Ricci, S B Ricciarini, R Sarkar, V. Scotti, M Simon, R Sparvoli, P Spillantini, Y I Stozhkov, A Vacchi, E Vannuccini, G Vasilyev, S A Voronov, Y T Yurkin, G Zampa, N Zampa, M S Potgieter, E E Vos, Menn, W., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., and Vos, E. E.
Subjects: Physics, History, Calorimeter (particle physics), Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Settore FIS/04, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Scintillator, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Antiproton, law, Scintillation counter, Neutron detection, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Calorimeters, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmic rays, Cosmology, High energy physics, Isotopes, Particle detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anti-coincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The scientific objectives addressed by the mission are the measurement of the antiprotons and positrons spectra in cosmic rays, the hunt for antinuclei as well as the determination of light nuclei fluxes from hydrogen to oxygen in a wide energy range and with very high statistics. In this paper the identification capability for light nuclei isotopes using two different detector systems (Time-of-Flight and multiple dE/dx measurements in the calorimeter) and preliminary results of the isotopic ratios will be presented.
Published: 2016

27. The high energy cosmic ray particle spectra measurements with the PAMELA calorimeter

Author: A. G. Mayorov, C. De Santis, Alfonso Monaco, Yu. T. Yurkin, Valerio Formato, M. Merge, Sergey Koldashov, R. Carbone, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, Alexey Leonov, Roberto Bellotti, F. Cafagna, P. Picozza, Ritabrata Sarkar, A. M. Galper, Matteo Martucci, M. Simon, G. Osteria, A. N. Kvashnin, O. Adriani, W. Menn, V. V. Malakhov, L. Marcelli, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, V. G. Zverev, A. Vacchi, Nicola Mori, S. A. Voronov, G. Castellini, E. Mocchiutti, A. Bruno, E. A. Bogomolov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Laura Rossetto, M. P. De Pascale, Marco Ricci, Riccardo Munini, M. Bongi, S. Yu. Krutkov, S. Bottai, N. De Simone, A. V. Karelin, G. I. Vasilyev, Mirko Boezio, V. V. Mikhailov, Ugo Giaccari, P. Carlson, M. D. Kheymits, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Sparvoli, V. Di Felice, V. Bonvicini, P. Spillantini, and Marco Casolino
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, helium, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, Calorimeter, Electrons and positrons, Helium, Protons, Neutron detection, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, electrons and positrons, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), protons, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Calorimeter (particle physics), Settore FIS/04
Abstract: Up until now there has been limited, contradictive data on the high energy range of the cosmic ray electron-positron, proton and helium spectra. Due to the limitations of the use of a magnetic spectrometer, over 8 years experimental data was processed using information from a sampling electro-magnetic calorimeter, a neutron detector and scintillator detectors. The use of these devices allowed us to successfully obtain the high energy cosmic ray particle spectra measurements. The results of this study clarify previous findings and greaten our understanding of the origin of cosmic rays.
Published: 2016

28. A new detector system for low energy X-ray fluorescence coupled with soft X-ray microscopy: First tests and characterization

Author: Alessandra Gianoncelli, Irina Rashevskaya, Dario Giuressi, Jernej Bufon, George Kourousias, A. Rachevski, M. Ahangarianabhari, Sergio Carrato, Claudio Piemonte, Sergio Fabiani, Gabriele Giacomini, Andrea Stolfa, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Ralf Hendrik Menk, Giuseppe Cautero, Pierluigi Bellutti, Roberto Borghes, Matteo Altissimo, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zorzi, N. Zampa, Antonino Picciotto, Gianoncelli, Alessandra, Bufon, Jernej, Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Altissimo, Matteo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghes, Roberto, Carrato, Sergio, Cautero, Giuseppe, Fabiani, Sergio, Giacomini, Gabriele, Giuressi, Dario, Kourousias, George, Menk, RALF HENDRIK, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Stolfa, Andrea, Vacchi, Andrea, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, and Zorzi, Nicola
Subjects: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) system, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Low energy XRF (LEXRF), Low leakage current SDDs, Multi-element detectors and associated VLSI electronics, Soft X-rays, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) systems, Instrumentation, Low leakage current SDD, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Preamplifier, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, X-ray fluorescence, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, Soft X-ray, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Multi-element detectors and associated VLSI electronic, Synchrotron, Dwell time, chemistry, CMOS, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: The last decades have witnessed substantial efforts in the development of several detector technologies for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) applications. In spite of the increasing trend towards performing, cost-effective and reliable XRF systems, detectors for soft X-ray spectroscopy still remain a challenge, requiring further study, engineering and customization in order to yield effective and efficient systems. In this paper we report on the development, first characterization and tests of a novel multielement detector system based on low leakage current silicon drift detectors (SDD) coupled to ultra low noise custom CMOS preamplifiers for synchrotron-based low energy XRF. This new system exhibits the potential for improving the count rate by at least an order of magnitude resulting in ten-fold shorter dwell time at an energy resolution similar to that of single element silicon drift detectors.
Published: 2016

29. FLARES: A flexible scintillation light apparatus for rare event searches

Author: M. Sisti, G. Baldazzi, V. Bonvicini, R. Campana, S. Capelli, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, F. Fuschino, L. Gironi, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, E. Previtali, L. Rignanese, A. Rachevsky, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, M. Zuffa, Sisti, M, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bonvicini, V., Campana, Riccardo, Capelli, S., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Fuschino, Fabio, Gironi, L., Labanti, C., Marisaldi, Martino, Previtali, E., Rignanese, LUIGI PIO, Rachevsky, A., Vacchi, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zuffa, M., Baldazzi, G, Bonvicini, V, Campana, R, Capelli, S, Evangelista, Y, Feroci, M, Fuschino, F, Gironi, L, Labanti, C, Marisaldi, M, Previtali, E, Rignanese, L, Rachevsky, A, Vacchi, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, and Zuffa, M
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector techniques for cosmology, Astroparticle and general physics, 01 natural sciences, Double beta decay, Scintillation detector, Silicon drift detectors, 0103 physical sciences, Astroparticle and general physic, Scintillation detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Silicon drift detector, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract: FLARES is a project for an innovative detector technology to be applied to rare event searches, and in particular to neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. Its novelty is the enhancement and optimization of the collection of the scintillation light emitted by ultra-pure crystals through the use of arrays of high performance silicon photodetectors cooled to 120 K. This would provide scintillation detectors with 1% level energy resolution, with the advantages of a technology offering relatively simple low cost mass scalability and powerful background reduction handles, as requested by future neutrinoless double beta decay experimental programs. The performances of a first production of matrices of Silicon Drift Detectors are presented and discussed in this paper.
Published: 2016

30. Radiation tests of the Silicon Drift Detectors for LOFT

Author: Emanuele Perinati, Philipp Azzarello, Fabio Muleri, Marco Feroci, Martin Pohl, Andrea Santangelo, Y. Evangelista, N. Zampa, A. Vacchi, Enrico Bozzo, Sebastian Diebold, S. Bugiel, Gianluigi Zampa, A. Rachevski, E. Del Monte, and Eckhard Kendziorra
Subjects: Cosmic Vision, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Instrumentation, Displacement Damage, High Energy Astrophysics, Micrometeoroids Orbital Debris, Non Ionising Energy Losses, Radiation Damage, Silicon Drift Detector, X-Ray, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), ddc:500.2, Radiation, Optics, Radiation damage, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, Physics::Space Physics, Hypervelocity, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: During the three years long assessment phase of the LOFT mission, candidate to the M3 launch opportunity of the ESA Cosmic Vision programme, we estimated and measured the radiation damage of the silicon drift detectors (SDDs) of the satellite instrumentation. In particular, we irradiated the detectors with protons (of 0.8 and 11 MeV energy) to study the increment of leakage current and the variation of the charge collection efficiency produced by the displacement damage, and we "bombarded" the detectors with hypervelocity dust grains to measure the effect of the debris impacts. In this paper we describe the measurements and discuss the results in the context of the LOFT mission., Comment: Proc. SPIE 9144, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, 914464
Published: 2015

31. Magnetospheric and solar physics observations with the PAMELA experiment

Author: S. Orsi, M. Ambriola, Roberta Sparvoli, A. Morselli, E. Taddei, Yu. I. Stozhkov, S. Russo, Mirko Boezio, D. Campana, A. N. Kvashnin, O. Maksumov, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, V. Bonvicini, O. Adriani, W. Menn, Marco Casolino, Petter Hofverberg, Gianluigi Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, A. Bruno, M. Minori, N. De Simone, M. Simon, N. N. Nikonov, Giuseppe Osteria, E. Mocchiutti, S. Misin, D. Fedele, Lorenzo Bonechi, F. Cafagna, L. Marcelli, M. Bongi, V. Malvezzi, A. M. Galper, G. De Rosa, V. G. Zverev, M. F. Runtso, Piero Spillantini, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, J. Lundquist, V. V. Mikhailov, G. I. Vasilyev, G. Castellini, N. Zampa, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, G. C. Barbarino, P. Picozza, C. De Marzo, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, G. A. Bazilevskaja, V. Di Felice, Y. T. Yurkin, A. Basili, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, Per Carlson, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Russo, Stefano, D., Campana, G., Osteria, and DE ROSA, Gianfranca
Subjects: Antimatter, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Satellite-borne experiment, Satellites, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar Particle Events, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Positrons, law, Cosmic rays, Magnetosphere, Spectrometers, Electromagnetic imaging, Magnetic spectrometer, Positron spectra, Solar physics, Time of Flight system, Neutron detection, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, Magnetospheres, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Astronomy, Antiproton
Abstract: PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment designed to make long duration measurements of the cosmic radiation in Low Earth Orbit. It is devoted to the detection of the cosmic-ray spectra in the 100 MeV 300 GeV range with primary scientific goal the measurement of antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved. Other tasks include the search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity and the measurement of the light nuclear component of cosmic rays. In addition, PAMELA can investigate phenomena connected with solar and Earth physics. The apparatus consists of: a Time of Flight system, a magnetic spectrometer, an electromagnetic imaging calorimeter, a shower tail catcher scintillator, a neutron detector and an anticoincidence system. In this work we present some measurements of galactic, secondary and trapped particles performed in the first months of operation.
Published: 2008

32. Antiprotons of galactic cosmic radiation in the PAMELA experiment

Author: S. Pizzolotto, Ritabrata Sarkar, S. V. Borisov, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, Laura Rozetto, V. Bonvicini, Lorenzo Bonechi, M. F. Runtso, L. Consiglio, M. D. Kheimits, S. A. Voronov, Roberta Sparvoli, William Gillard, N. De Simone, Yu. I. Stozhkov, G. Jerse, N. N. Nikonov, Per Carlson, G. Castellini, O. Adriani, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, Mirko Boezio, P. Picozza, S. Bottai, W. Menn, A. Bruno, N. Zampa, Alfonso Monaco, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Bongi, C. De Santis, V. V. Mikhailov, Yu. T. Yurkin, M. Simon, A. G. Mayorov, V. V. Malakhov, V. Di Felice, R. Carbone, I. A. Danilchenko, V. Malvezzi, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, A. M. Galper, L. A. Grishantseva, V. G. Zverev, A. A. Leonov, R. Belotti, F. Cafagna, F. Palma, Juan Wu, A. N. Kvashnin, A. V. Karelin, G. A. Bazilevskaia, G. I. Vasilyev, G. Osteria, Nicola Mori, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, E. Mocchiutti, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, P. Spilantini, G. Zampa, A. G., Mayorov, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaia, R., Belotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. V., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, I. A., Danilchenko, M. P., Pascale, C., Santi, N., Simone, V., Felice, A. M., Galper, W., Gillard, L. A., Grishantseva, G., Jerse, A. V., Karelin, M. D., Kheimit, S. V., Koldashov, S. A., Koldobskiy, Krutkov, S. Y. u., A. N., Kvashnin, A. A., Leonov, V. V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, N. N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, S., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rozetto, M. F., Runtso, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spilantini, Stozhkov, Y. u. I., A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G. I., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Yurkin, Y. u. T., G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev
Subjects: Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Flux ratio, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Antiproton, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A method for antiproton selection against a background of electrons, based on a mathematical model of data classification using variations in interparticle interaction in a calorimeter, and a metho ...
Published: 2013

33. The PAMELA space experiment

Author: Yu. T. Yurkin, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. Bonvicini, R. Carbone, G. I. Vasilyev, V. Malvezzi, Y. I. Stozhkov, Juan Wu, M. Bongi, Giancarlo Barbarino, V. V. Malakhov, M. Simon, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice, C. Pizzolotto, F. Cafagna, P. Papini, Piero Spillantini, G. Zampa, E. Vannuccini, S. V. Borisov, Marco Ricci, V. G. Zverev, J. C. Stockton, G. Osteria, A. G. Mayorov, Andrea Vacchi, S. Y. Krutkov, G. Castellini, Nicola Mori, V. V. Mikhailov, L. Consiglio, A. V. Karelin, Roberta Sparvoli, O. Adriani, Alexey Leonov, C. De Santis, F. Palma, E. Mocchiutti, W. Menn, S. Bottai, M. P. De Pascale, P. Picozza, Alfonso Monaco, Per Carlson, Mirko Boezio, S. J. Stochaj, N. N. Nikonov, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, A. N. Kvashnin, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, Laura Rossetto, Giovanna Jerse, L. A. Grishantseva, Sergey Koldashov, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, Ritabrata Sarkar, William Gillard, L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, W., Menn, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. D., Pascale, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, L., Grishantseva, G., Jerse, A., Karelin, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, S., Stochaj, J., Stockton, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev
Subjects: Physics, Atmospheric Science, Antimatter, Cosmic rays, Satellite-borne experiment, Aerospace Engineering, Space and Planetary Science, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Space experiment, Geophysics, law, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus is comprised of a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV to 100's GeV) with high statistics. The primary scientific goal is the measurement of the antiproton and positron energy spectra in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilations. PAMELA is also searching for primordial antinuclei (anti-helium), and testing cosmic-ray propagation models through precise measurements of the antiparticle energy spectrum and precision studies of light nuclei and their isotopes. Moreover, PAMELA is investigating phenomena connected with solar and earth physics. After 4 years of operation in flight, PAMELA is now delivering coherent results about spectra and chemical composition of the charged cosmic radiation, allowing scenarios of production and propagation of cosmic rays to be fully established and understood. © 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013
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34. Measuring the spectra of high-energy cosmic-ray particles in the PAMELA experiment

Author: L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, M. Simon, M. Bongi, V. Di Felice, A. G. Mayorov, V. Bonvicini, P. Spillantini, Marco Ricci, Roberta Sparvoli, O. Adriani, W. Menn, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, S. Bottai, V. Malvezzi, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, E. Mocchiutti, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, S. A. Voronov, D. Campana, V. V. Malakhov, Matteo Martucci, V. G. Zverev, P. Picozza, F. Cafagna, G. Castellini, Marco Casolino, Alexey Leonov, E. A. Bogomolov, Sergey Koldashov, Lorenzo Bonechi, Giuseppe Osteria, G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. Zampa, R. Sarkar, Andrea Vacchi, R. Carbone, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, Alfonso Monaco, F. Palma, M. Merge, Mirko Boezio, Roberto Bellotti, Yu. T. Yurkin, A. M. Galper, N. De Simone, A. N. Kvashnin, A. V. Karelin, S. Yu. Krutkov, Nicola Mori, G. I. Vasilyev, C. De Santis, C. De Donato, Gianluigi Zampa, Karelin, A. V., Adriani, O., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bonechi, L., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Galper, A. M., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Zverev, V. G., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Kvashnin, A. N., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y. u., Leonov, A. A., Malvezzi, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Malakhov, V. V., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sarkar, R., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., and Yurkin, Y. u. T.
Subjects: Physics, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Settore FIS/04, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Electron, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), chemistry, law, Scintillation counter, Calorimeters, Cosmic ray measurement, Energy spectra, Helium nuclei, Neutron detection, Helium
Abstract: The available data on the energy spectra of electrons, protons, and helium nuclei in the high-energy region are fragmentary, a situation made worse by their scarcity. Due to limitations imposed on the use of the magnetic spectrometer in the PAMELA satellite experiment, the calorimeter must be used for measurements performed in the high-energy region. The processing of experimental data accumulated in more than eight years of measurements with the calorimeter, neutron detector, and scintillation counters allows the spectra of high-energy particles to be obtained, greatly expanding our understanding of the nature of primary cosmic rays.
Published: 2015

35. Search for Spatial and Temporary Variations of Galactic Cosmic Ray Positrons in PAMELA Experiment

Author: C. De Santis, Sergey Koldashov, E. A. Bogomolov, Alexey Leonov, Ritabrata Sarkar, P. Spillantini, Mirko Boezio, G. Castellini, E. Vannuccini, M. Simon, V. Bonvicini, M. Bongi, R. Sparvoli, R. Carbone, V. Formato, Sergey Koldobskiy, S. A. Voronov, D. Campana, S. Y. Krutkov, G. C. Barbarino, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, Yuri Stozhkov, Mark Pearce, A. V. Karelin, G. I. Vasilyev, Marco Casolino, S. B. Ricciarini, A. Bruno, V. Scotti, V. V. Malakhov, O. Adriani, N. De Simone, V. V. Mikhailov, F. Palma, E. Mocchiutti, P. Carlson, W. Menn, P. Picozza, Alfonso Monaco, G. Osteria, Nicola Mori, P. Papini, Marco Ricci, S. Bottai, M. Merge, F. Cafagna, N. Zampa, Riccardo Munini, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, A. N. Kvashnin, G. Zampa, Beatrice Panico, C. De Donato, Matteo Martucci, Yu. T. Yurkin, V. Di Felice, A. G. Mayorov, Mikhailov, V. V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Malakhov, V. V., Adriani, O., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, A., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Subjects: Settore FIS/01, Physics, Annihilation, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, electrons, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, anisotropy, Physics and Astronomy(all), law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, Pulsar, law, cosmic ray, positons, Neutron detection, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The PAMELA experiment is gathering data since 2006 on board the Resurs DK1 satellite (orbit with inclination 70.4°, the altitude 350-600km). The instrument consists magnetic spectrometer, silicon-tungsten imaging electromagnetic calorimeter, neutron detector and shower scintillator that gives possibility to measure electron and positron fluxes over wide energy range from hundreds MeVs to hundreds GeVs. Results of the experiment indicate the presence of a large flux of positron with respect to electrons in the CR spectrum above 10GeV. This excess might be originated through dark matter annihilation or in local astrophysical objects such as pulsars producing possible spatial and season variations. Electron and positron events have been analyzed searching for spatial and temporal variations from June 2006 till January 2014.
Published: 2015

36. Space Î³-observatory GAMMA-400 Current Status and Perspectives

Author: V. Bonvicini, Valery Korepanov, V. A. Dogiel, Maxim S. Gorbunov, A. A. Taraskin, E. Mocchiutti, V. A. Loginov, M. Bongi, P. Spillantini, S G Bobkov, P. Yu. Naumov, A. M. Galper, A. Vacchi, Yu. V. Gusakov, Vladimir Kaplin, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, E. M. Tyurin, A. Tiberio, P. Papini, L. Bergstrom, Igor V. Moskalenko, E. Vannuccini, M. F. Runtso, Francesco Longo, S. Bottai, V. V. Kadilin, R. L. Aptekar, M. D. Kheymits, I. V. Arkhangelskaja, V. N. Zirakashvili, O. Adriani, V. V. Mikhailov, A. A. Moiseev, Yu. T. Yurkin, O. V. Serdin, S. I. Suchkov, Josefin Larsson, Marco Tavani, P. Picozza, G. L. Dedenko, R. Sparvoli, N. Zampa, Bohdan Hnatyk, V. G. Zverev, G. I. Vasilyev, A.I. Arkhangelskiy, M. Ulanov, Gabriele Bigongiari, Eugenio Berti, P. Cumani, A. Rappoldi, Nicola Mori, C. De Donato, P. S. Marrocchesi, S. Bonechi, A. A. Kaplun, Felix Ryde, G. Castellini, Alexey Leonov, P. W. Cattaneo, E. A. Bogomolov, N. P. Topchiev, Paolo Maestro, Mirko Boezio, Irene V. Arkhangelskaja, Pavel Zh. Buzhan, Galper, A. M., Bonvicini, V., Topchiev, N. P., Adriani, O., Aptekar, R. L., Arkhangelskaja, I. V., Arkhangelskiy, A. I., Bergstrom, L., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Bobkov, S. G., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bottai, S., Castellini, G., Cattaneo, P. W., Cumani, P., Dedenko, G. L., De Donato, C., Dogiel, V. A., Gorbunov, M. S., Gusakov, Yu. V., Hnatyk, B. I., Kadilin, V. V., Kaplin, V. A., Kaplun, A. A., Kheymits, M. D., Korepanov, V. E., Larsson, J., Leonov, A. A., Loginov, V. A., Longo, F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, N., Moskalenko, I. V., Naumov, P. Yu., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Rappoldi, A., Ricciarini, S., Runtso, M. F., Ryde, F., Serdin, O. V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Suchkov, S. I., Tavani, M., Taraskin, A. A., Tiberio, A., Tyurin, E. M., Ulanov, M. V., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Yurkin, Yu. T., Zampa, N., Zirakashvili, V. N., and Zverev, V. G.
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Physics and Astronomy(all), cosmic rays, dark matter, gamma-astronomy, Space (mathematics), Physics and Astronomy (all), Measure (mathematics), law.invention, Telescope, Observatory, law, cosmic ray, Settore FIS/01, Physics, Annihilation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Medicine, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Current (fluid)
Abstract: GAMMA-400 γ-ray telescope is designed to measure fluxes of γ-rays and the electron–positron cosmic ray component possibly generated in annihilation or decay of dark matter particles; to search for and study in detail discrete γ-ray sources, to examine the energy spectra of Galactic and extragalactic diffuse γ-rays, to study γ-ray bursts and γ-rays from the active Sun. GAMMA-400 consists of plastic scintillation anticoincidence top and lateral detectors, converter-tracker, plastic scintillation detectors for the time-of-flight system (TOF), two-part calorimeter (CC1 and CC2), plastic scintillation lateral detectors of calorimeter, plastic scintillation detectors of calorimeter, and neutron detector. The converter-tracker consists of 13 layers of double (x, y) silicon strip coordinate detectors (pitch of 0.08mm). The first three and final one layers are without tungsten while the middle nine layers are interleaved with nine tungsten conversion foils. The thickness of CC1 and CC2 is 2 X0 (0.1λ0) and 23 X0 (1.1λ0) respectively (where X0 is radiation length and λ0 is nuclear interaction one). The total calorimeter thickness is 25 X0 or 1.2λ0 for vertical incident particles registration and 54 X0 or 2.5λ0 for laterally incident ones.The energy range for γ-rays and electrons (positrons) registration in the main aperture is from ∼0.1GeV to ∼3.0 TeV. The γ-ray telescope main aperture angular and energy resolutions are respectively ∼0.01 and ∼1% for 102 GeV γ-quanta, the proton rejection factor is ∼5×105. The first three strip layers without tungsten provide the registration of γ-rays down to ∼20 MeV in the main aperture. Also this aperture allows investigating high energy light nuclei fluxes characteristics.Electrons, positrons, light nuclei and gamma-quanta will also register from the lateral directions due to special aperture configuration. Lateral aperture energy resolution is the same as for main aperture for electrons, positrons, light nuclei and gamma-quanta in energy range E>1.0GeV. But using lateral aperture it is possible to detect low-energy gammas in the ranges 0.2 − 10 MeV and 10 MeV – 1.0GeV with energy resolution 8% − 2% and 2% correspondingly accordingly to GAMMA-400 “Technical Project” stage results. Angular resolution in the lateral aperture provides only for low-energy gamma-quanta from non-stationary events (GRB, solar flares and so on) due segments of CC2 count rate analysis.GAMMA-400 γ-ray telescope will be installed onboard the Russian Space Observatory GAMMA-400. The lifetime of the space observatory will be at least seven years. The launch of the space observatory is scheduled for the early 2020s.
Published: 2015

37. CALOCUBE: An approach to high-granularity and homogenous calorimetry for space based detectors

Author: Anna Vedda, G. Castellini, M. Trimarchi, Paolo Brogi, P. Cumani, A. Rappoldi, Gabriele Bigongiari, A Lamberto, Mauro Fasoli, P. Spillantini, Maria Miritello, Eugenio Berti, Nicola Mori, B. Zerbo, S. Bottai, V. Bonvicini, G. Pauletta, A. Gregorio, Lucrezia Auditore, O. Adriani, S. Bonechi, Raffaello D'Alessandro, P. Lenzi, S. Detti, P. S. Marrocchesi, S. B. Ricciarini, A. Sulaj, M. Bongi, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Antonio Cassese, G.F. Rappazzo, N. Zampa, O. Starodubtsev, G. Carotenuto, Antonio Trifiro, A Mezzasalma, A. Tiberio, G. Zampa, Sebastiano Albergo, Maria Grazia Bagliesi, P. W. Cattaneo, Mirko Boezio, D. Cauz, Lorenzo Bonechi, Paolo Maestro, Bongi, M., Adriani, O., Albergo, S., Auditore, L., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Boezio, M., Bonechi, L., Bonechi, S., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Brogi, P., Carotenuto, G., Cassese, A., Castellini, G., Cattaneo, P. W., Cauz, D., Cumani, Paolo, D'Alessandro, R., Detti, S., Fasoli, M., Gregorio, Anna, Lamberto, A., Lenzi, P., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Mezzasalma, A., Miritello, M., Mori, N., Papini, P., Pauletta, G., Rappazzo, G. F., Rappoldi, A., Ricciarini, S., Spillantini, P., Starodubtsev, O., Sulaj, A., Tiberio, A., Trifirò, A., Trimarchi, M., Vannuccini, E., Vedda, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zerbo, B., Bongi, M, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Auditore, L, Bagliesi, M, Berti, E, Bigongiari, G, Boezio, M, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Carotenuto, G, Cassese, A, Castellini, G, Cattaneo, P, Cauz, D, Cumani, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Fasoli, M, Gregorio, A, Lamberto, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mezzasalma, A, Miritello, M, Mori, N, Papini, P, Pauletta, G, Rappazzo, G, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Spillantini, P, Starodubtsev, O, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Trifirò, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, and Zerbo, B
Subjects: History, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Gamma ray, Interaction length, Budget control, Geometry, Electromagnetic particle, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Calorimetry, Particle detector, Radiation length, Particle identification, Education, Physics and Astronomy (all), Cesium iodide, Optics, Gamma rays, Particles (particulate matter) Absorption depths, Energy resolutions, Geometrical dimensions, Radiation lengths, Space experiments, Space-based detector, Energy resolution, High energy physics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Physics, Calorimeter, Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Space experiment, Computer Science Applications, Computational physics, Measuring instrument, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Particles (particulate matter) Absorption depth, Geometrical dimension, Granularity, business
Abstract: Future space experiments dedicated to the observation of high-energy gamma and cosmic rays will increasingly rely on a highly performing calorimetry apparatus, and their physics performance will be primarily determined by the geometrical dimensions and the energy resolution of the calorimeter deployed. Thus it is extremely important to optimize its geometrical acceptance, the granularity, and its absorption depth for the measurement of the particle energy with respect to the total mass of the apparatus which is the most important constraint for a space launch. The proposed design tries to satisfy these criteria while staying within a total mass budget of about 1.6 tons. Calocube is a homogeneous calorimeter instrumented with Cesium iodide (CsI) crystals, whose geometry is cubic and isotropic, so as to detect particles arriving from every direction in space, thus maximizing the acceptance, granularity is obtained by filling the cubic volume with small cubic CsI crystals. The total radiation length in any direction is more than adequate for optimal electromagnetic particle identification and energy measurement, whilst the interaction length is at least suficient to allow a precise reconstruction of hadronic showers. Optimal values for the size of the crystals and spacing among them have been studied. The design forms the basis of a three-year R&D; activity which has been approved and financed by INFN. An overall description of the system, as well as results from preliminary tests on particle beams will be described.
Published: 2015

38. Detector response and calibration of the cosmic-ray detector of the Sileye-3/Alteino experiment

Author: M. G. Korotkov, S. Avdeev, M. P. De Pascale, N. Zampa, V. Bonvicini, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, A. Kolmykov, Eva Reali, V. Zaconte, E. Segreto, Walter G. Sannita, Victor Benghin, Andrea Vacchi, E. Rantucci, Marco Ricci, R. Scrimaglio, Vyacheslav Shurshakov, R. Vittori, C. Fuglesang, K.A. Trukhanov, V.P. Salnitskii, Gianluigi Zampa, N. Vavilov, V. Bidoli, A. M. Galper, G. Mazzenga, P. Carlson, A. Popov, M. Minori, O.I. Shevchenko, V.P. Petrov, Mirko Boezio, Livio Narici, and Marco Casolino
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Silicon detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, Scintillator, International Space Station, Flash (photography), Optics, Nuclear abundances, Stack (abstract data type), Calibration, Cosmic rays, Physics, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business
Abstract: The experiment Sileye-3/Alteino is constituted by a cosmic-ray silicon detector and an electroencephalograph. The main scientific aims include the investigation of the Light Flash phenomenon, the study of astronaut brain activity in space when subject to cosmic rays, the measurement of cosmic rays and the radiation environment inside the International Space Station. The experiment was operating on board the station from 27 April to 5 May 2002. The cosmic-ray detector is composed of eight silicon strip planes triggered by two scintillators placed on top and bottom of the stack. The detector is capable of identifying nuclei from B to As in the energy range above ≃60 MeV/n. Also protons and lighter particles are registered although with a reduced efficiency. The instrument was active in the Pirs module of the station for 130 h. In this work, we describe the silicon strip detector characteristics and its calibration performed using cosmic-ray nuclei.
Published: 2006

39. PAMELA and electrons

Author: G. C. Barbarino, Roberto Bellotti, V. Bonvicini, P. Spillantini, A. N. Kvashnin, Juan Wu, Y. I. Stozhkov, V. G. Zverev, O. Maksumov, A. A. Leonov, S. Bottai, Roberta Sparvoli, Per Carlson, D. Campana, L. A. Grishantseva, M. Bongi, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Simon, S. Y. Krutkov, Y. T. Yurkin, V. Di Felice, E. Mocchiutti, V. Malvezzi, Petter Hofverberg, F. Cafagna, N. N. Nikonov, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, M. P. De Pascale, Marco Casolino, P. Picozza, Giovanna Jerse, O. Adriani, William Gillard, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, Laura Rossetto, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. Castellini, S. V. Borisov, V. V. Malakhov, W. Menn, A. M. Galper, G. I. Vasilyev, C. De Santis, G. Osteria, Nicola Mori, L. Consiglio, Mirko Boezio, G. Zampa, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, E., Mocchiutti, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, V., Di Felice, A. M., Galper, L., Grishantseva, W., Gillard, P., Hofverberg, G., Jerse, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, O., Maksumov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, N., Mori, N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Positron, law, Neutron detection, Instrumentation
Abstract: The 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV-100's GeV) with high statistics. The measurement of the positron to electron fraction and of the electron energy spectrum in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilations, are within the PAMELA primary scientific goal.
Published: 2011

40. Results from PAMELA

Author: Alfonso Monaco, A. V. Karelin, William Gillard, Mirko Boezio, L. Marcelli, D. Campana, A. Vacchi, Per Carlson, Marco Casolino, N. N. Nikonov, A. Bruno, G. Osteria, V. V. Malakhov, V. G. Zverev, M. F. Runtso, S. V. Borisov, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, F. Cafagna, O. Adriani, L. A. Grishantseva, S. A. Voronov, W. Menn, Roberto Bellotti, G. Zampa, A. M. Galper, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, A. N. Kvashnin, E. A. Bogomolov, Roberta Sparvoli, S. Bottai, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, Laura Rossetto, E. Vannuccini, M. Bongi, M. P. De Pascale, G. C. Barbarino, L. Consiglio, F. Palma, G. Castellini, C. Pizzolotto, Giovanna Jerse, Y. T. Yurkin, G. I. Vasilyev, V. V. Mikhailov, C. De Santis, N. De Simone, O. Maksumov, Ritabrata Sarkar, Juan Wu, Nicola Mori, A. G. Mayorov, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, Maria Teresa Ricci, S. Y. Krutkov, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, V. Malvezzi, E. Mocchiutti, S. V. Koldashov, V. Di Felice, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, E., Mocchiutti, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, L., Consiglio, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, A. M., Galper, W., Gillard, L., Grishantseva, G., Jerse, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, O., Maksumov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, A., Monaco, V. V., Mikhailov, N., Mori, N. N., Nikonov, G., Osteria, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, M., Runtso, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, genetic structures, Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Low earth orbit, law, Magnet, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Satellite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, and Optics
Abstract: The PAMELA satellite experiment was launched into low earth orbit on June 15(th) 2006. The combination of a permanent magnet silicon strip spectrometer and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter al ...
Published: 2011

41. Imaging performance of a large-area Silicon Drift Detector for X-ray astronomy

Author: Marco Grassi, L. Picolli, E. Del Monte, Piero Malcovati, Fabio Muleri, M. Mastropietro, Francesco Lazzarotto, Enrico Costa, Paolo Soffitta, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Claudio Labanti, Alda Rubini, Ennio Morelli, G. Zampa, I. Donnarumma, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Y. Evangelista, V. Bonvicini, Martino Marisaldi, Massimo Rapisarda, N. Zampa, Alexander Rashevsky, F. Fuschino, Riccardo Campana, A. Vacchi, R. Campana, G. Zampa, M. Feroci, A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, F. Muleri, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, N. Zampa, G. Baldazzi, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, M. Grassi, F. Lazzarotto, P. Malcovati, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, and L. Picolli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Photon, Silicon drift detector, High-energy astronomy, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, X-RAYS, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Tracking (particle physics), HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS, Anode, Optics, business, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS, Instrumentation
Abstract: Large-area multi-anode Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) have X-ray imaging and spectroscopic characteristics that make them extremely attractive in the perspective of their applications to the field of space astrophysics. We describe here the imaging performance of such a detector, originally developed for particle tracking in the ALICE experiment at LHC, as derived by laboratory measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Despite an anode pitch of View the MathML source, we measured a position resolution as high as View the MathML source by charge weighting in the anode direction, for photon energies in the range 2–10 keV. These results are comparable to those obtained with the same detectors in particle tracking. Notwithstanding the 1-D nature of the devices, as far as their read-out is concerned, we envisaged an algorithm that exploits the charge diffusion to reconstruct the position of the photon absorption point also along the drift direction (that is, the one formally not position-sensitive). With the current set-up, the position resolution was measured as View the MathML source in the same energy range as above. Such 2-D imaging capability in a 1-D detector, although asymmetric, is highly useful in space applications, where the power and the complexity requested by a 2-D read-out system is sometimes unaffordable. Keywords: High Energy Astrophysics; Silicon Drift Detectors; X-rays
Published: 2011

42. Concept for an innovative wide-field camera for x-ray astronomy

Author: G. Zampa, L. Pacciani, Martino Marisaldi, Lorenzo Amati, Alexander Rashevsky, Miriam Grassi, Paolo Soffitta, G. L. Israel, Fabio Muleri, I. Donnarumma, Mauro Orlandini, L. A. Antonelli, Fabrizio Nicastro, F. Fuschino, A. Vacchi, Y. Evangelista, Enrico Costa, E. Morelli, Francesco Lazzarotto, Piero Malcovati, F. Perotti, M. Rapisarda, M. Feroci, E. Del Monte, M. Mastropietro, Filippo Frontera, Fabrizio Fiore, N. Zampa, Riccardo Campana, L. Picolli, Giuseppe Baldazzi, A. Rubini, V. Bonvicini, Claudio Labanti, R. Campana, M. Feroci, A. Vacchi, C. Labanti, G. Zampa, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, F. Muleri, L. Pacciani, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, F. Lazzarotto, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, M. Rapisarda, F. Fuschino, M. Marisaldi, V. Bonvicini, A. Rashevsky, N. Zampa, F. Perotti, L. Amati, F. Frontera, L. A. Antonelli, F. Fiore, G. L. Israel, F. Nicastro, M. Orlandini, G. Baldazzi, L. Picolli, M. Grassi, and and P. Malcovati
Subjects: Detectors - X-rays, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation, chemistry.chemical_element, General, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, X-ray astronomy, Optics, Electronic, Angular resolution, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Image resolution, Physics, business.industry, large-area, Detector, fine-pitch Silicon detector, Power (physics), chemistry, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The use of large-area, ne-pitch Silicon detectors has demonstrated the feasibility of wide eld imaging experi-ments requesting very low resources in terms of weight, volume, power and costs. The ying SuperAGILE instru-ment is the rst such experiment, adopting large-area Silicon microstrip detectors coupled to one-dimensionalcoded masks. With less than 10 kg, 12 watt and 0.04 m 3 it provides 6-arcmin angular resolution over > 1 sr eldof view. Due to odd operational conditions, SuperAGILE works in the unfavourable energy range 18 60 keV. Inthis paper we show that the use of innovative large-area Silicon Drift Detectors allows to design experiments witharcmin-imaging performance over steradian-wide elds of view, in the energy range 2 50 keV, with spectroscopicresolution in the range of 300 570 eV (FWHM) at room temperature. We will show the concept, design andreadiness of such an experiment, supported by laboratory tests on large-area prototypes. We will quantify theexpected performance in potential applications on X-ray astronomy missions for the observation and long-termmonitoring of Galactic and extragalactic transient and persistent sources, as well as localization and ne studyof the prompt emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts in soft X-rays.Keywords: Instrumentation:detectors X-rays:general
Published: 2010

43. A Compton Gamma Rays Detector for Small-Animals Imaging

Author: P. Rossi, A. Battistella, M. Bello, V. Bonvicini, C. L. Fontana, G. Gennaro, G. Moschini, A. Rashevsky, N. Uzunov, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, A. Vacchi, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, NAVARRIA, FRANCESCO LUIGI, P. Rossi, G. Baldazzi, A. Battistella, M. Bello, D. Bollini, V. Bonvicini, C. L. Fontana, G. Gennaro, G. Moschini, F. Navarria, A. Rashevsky, N. Uzunov, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, and A. Vacchi
Subjects: COMPTON CAMERA, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma-ray imaging
Abstract: The bio-distribution and targeting capability of pharmaceuticals may be assessed in small animals by imaging gamma-rays emitted from radio-isotope markers. Detectors based on the Compton concept allow higher gamma-ray efficiency compared to conventional gamma cameras which employ collimators, and feature millimeter spatial resolution and compact geometry. We are developing a Compton camera that has to address some requirements: the high rates typical of the Compton concept; detection of gamma-rays of different energies that may range from 140kev ( 99m Tc) to 511 kev (+ emitters); presence of gamma and beta radiation with energies up to 2 Mev in case of 188 Re. The camera consists of a thin position-sensitive Tracker that scatters the gamma ray (based on the Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) developed for the LHC-Alice exp.), and a second position-sensitive detection system, to completely absorb the energy of the scattered photons (Calorimeter). Application to higher energy gamma radiation (usually up to 511 kev gammas coming from + emitters) has to be taken into account as well, and calorimeter thickness has to be sized accordingly. This paper is mainly concerned with the design and performance tests of the calorimetric tract of a CC prototype (a module 50x50 mm^2) being developed by this collaboration. Tests have been carried out at the Laboratory for Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging (LRIM) situated by the LNL site, which is authorized to deal with radio-isotopes in liquid solution and small animals testing.
Published: 2010

44. Precision studies of cosmic rays with the PAMELA satellite experiment

Author: Giovanna Jerse, L. Consiglio, William Gillard, S. V. Borisov, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, S. Bottai, A. Bruno, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, O. Adriani, S. A. Voronov, P. Spillantini, W. Menn, G. Zampa, V. Malvezzi, Roberta Sparvoli, Juan Wu, E. A. Bogomolov, Mirko Boezio, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, L. A. Grishantseva, V. V. Mikhailov, Laura Rossetto, P. Carlson, P. Papini, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, E. Vannuccini, Petter Hofverberg, C. De Santis, Y. T. Yurkin, R. Carbone, M. Bongi, Lorenzo Bonechi, S. Y. Krutkov, M. P. De Pascale, V. Di Felice, G. C. Barbarino, F. Cafagna, E. Mocchiutti, A. M. Galper, V. Bonvicini, Roberto Bellotti, V. G. Zverev, Y. I. Stozhkov, G. Castellini, A. N. Kvashnin, P. Picozza, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, G. Osteria, Nicola Mori, N. De Simone, G. I. Vasilyev, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, N. N. Nikonov, E., Mocchiutti, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, L., Consigio, M. P., De, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, A. M., Galper, W., Gillard, L., Grishantseva, P., Hofverberg, G., Jerse, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, N., Mori, N. N., Nikonov, G., Osteria, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, NINA, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic background radiation, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, ANTIPROTON FLUX, law, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, SOLAR MINIMUM ACTIVITY, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, CALORIMETER, Physics, Radiation, Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, POSITRONS, Astronomy, PERFORMANCE, ORBIT, ELECTRONS, Antiproton, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Radiology, MATTER
Abstract: The PAMELA satellite experiment was launched into low earth orbit on June 15(th) 2006. The combination of a permanent magnet silicon strip spectrometer, and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV - 200 GeV). A primary scientific goal is to search for dark matter particle annihilations by measuring the energy spectra of cosmic ray antiparticles. Latest results from the PAMELA experiment will be reviewed with a particular focus on cosmic ray antiprotons and positrons. The status of PAMELA measurements for other cosmic ray species will also be reviewed.
Published: 2009

45. Dark Matter Research and the PAMELA Space Mission

Author: P. Picozza, L. Marcelli, O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Bellotti, M. Boezio, E. A. Bogomolov, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, S. Bottai, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, M. P. De Pascale, G. De Rosa, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice, A. M. Galper, L. Grishantseva, P. Hofverberg, A. Leonov, S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, A. N. Kvashnin, V. Malvezzi, W. Menn, V. V. Mikhailov, E. Mocchiutti, S. Orsi, G. Osteria, P. Papini, M. Pearce, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Simon, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, V. G. Zverev, David B. Cline, P., Picozza, L., Marcelli, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, M. P., De, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, A. M., Galper, L., Grishantseva, P., Hofverberg, A., Leonov, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, V., Malvezzi, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, S., Orsi, G., Osteria, P., Papini, M., Pearce, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev
Subjects: Antimatter, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Dark Matter, Space Experiments, Physics and Astronomy (all), law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, symbols.namesake, ANTIPROTON FLUX, law, SOLAR MINIMUM ACTIVITY, Neutron detection, Physics, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Astronomy, Galaxy, Antiproton, Van Allen radiation belt, symbols, COSMIC-RAY POSITRONS
Abstract: On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Bajkonur cosmodrome and since July 2006 it has been collected data. The core of the apparatus is a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer combined with a time-of-flight system, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The overall devices allow precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV - 100's GeV) with high statistics. The primary scientific goal is the measurement of the antiproton and positron energy spectra in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilation. PAMELA is also searching for primordial antinuclei ((He) over bar). Concomitant, but not secondary, goals are the measurements of light nuclei and their isotopes for studying the energy dependence of cosmic ray lifetimes in the Galaxy, the monitoring of the solar activity and the study of the radiation belts.
Published: 2009

46. The X-Ray Spectroscopic Performance of a Very Large Area Silicon Drift Detector

Author: G. Zampa, R. Campana, M. Feroci, A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, F. Muleri, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, N. Zampa, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, M. Grassi, F. Lazzarotto, P. Malcovati, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, L. Picolli, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, G. Zampa, R. Campana, M. Feroci, A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, F. Muleri, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, N. Zampa, G. Baldazzi, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, M. Grassi, F. Lazzarotto, P. Malcovati, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, and L. Picolli
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon drift detector, Silicon, Square Centimeter, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY, ROOM TEMPERATURE, Noise (electronics), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Square Millimeter, business, Spectroscopy, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS
Abstract: Silicon drift detectors (SDDs), due to their collection electrode geometry, have excellent noise performance and are well suited for low-energy X-ray spectroscopy applications. On the other hand these detectors, when dedicated to low energy X-ray spectroscopy, have a small sensitive area (from few square millimeters up to one square centimeter) to reduce the leakage current and its impact on the energy resolution. Because of this limitation they are rarely used in applications where large sensitive surfaces are required. We present the characterization of the spectroscopic performance of a very large sensitive area SDD (about 53 cm2) that has been realized in the frame of the LHC-ALICE experiment. We studied the energy resolution of the detector analyzing its dependence on both biasing conditions and temperature to evaluate the contribution of the different noise sources exploiting their relation with the shaping time. The experimental results obtained with 241 Am and 55 Fe sources show that the goal of a high energy resolution combined with large sensitive areas can be achieved.
Published: 2009

47. Large-area linear Silicon Drift Detector design for X-ray experiments

Author: Gabriele Giacomini, M. Feroci, Y. Evangelista, A. Rachevski, A. Vacchi, Claudio Piemonte, G. Zampa, C. Labanti, N. Zampa, Riccardo Campana, A. Picciotto, and P. Bellutti
Subjects: Physics, X-ray spectroscopy, Silicon, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, X-ray detectors, Electromagnetic radiation, Solid state detectors, Space instrumentation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Optics, chemistry, business, Spectroscopy, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A large area, 120 × 72 mm2, linear Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) has been developed for X-ray spectroscopy in the 2-50 keV energy range. Elaborated via a number of prototypes, the final detector design, REDSOX1, features elements to meet the requirements of a modern space-borne X-ray detector with a power consumption per sensitive area below 0.5 mW/cm2, offering the possibility to perform timing and spectroscopy X-ray observations on a ten microseconds scale.
Published: 2014

48. Solar modulation of galactic protons and helium with the PAMELA experiment

Author: V. Formato, S. A. Voronov, V. Bonvicini, E. A. Bogomolov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. Bruno, Y. I. Stozhkov, S. V. Koldashov, A. N. Kvashnin, C. De Donato, Nicola Mori, A. M. Galper, S. Y. Krutkov, V. G. Zverev, C. De Santis, M. Merge, M. Simon, C. Pizzolotto, E. Mocchiutti, G. Castellini, A. A. Leonov, A. G. Mayorov, V. Di Felice, V. V. Malakhov, N. Zampa, O. Adriani, N. De Simone, Riccardo Munini, G. I. Vasilyev, R. Sparvoli, W. Menn, P. Picozza, M. P. De Pascale, D. Campana, G. Zampa, Matteo Martucci, Marco Casolino, Piero Spillantini, André Monaco, Maria Teresa Ricci, Valentina Scotti, Ritabrata Sarkar, G. A. Bazilevskaya, S. Bottai, R. Carbone, G. C. Barbarino, F. Palma, V. V. Mikhailov, Mirko Boezio, P. Carlson, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, F. Cafagna, Massimo Bongi, Y. T. Yurkin, Roberto Bellotti, A. V. Karelin, G. Osteria, Formato, V., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Carbone, R., Mocchiutti, E., Munini, Riccardo, Sarkar, R., Vacchi, A., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Casolino, M., Donato, C. DE, Simone, N. DE, Pascale, M. P. DE, Santis, C. DE, Felice, V. DI, Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Merg, M., Palma, F., Picozza, P., Sparvoli, R., Adriani, O., Bongi, M., Bottai, S., Mori, N., Papini, P., Ricciarini, S. B., Spillantini, P., Vannuccini, E., Barbarino, G. C., Campana, D., Osteria, G., Scotti, V., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Stozhkov, Y. I., Bellotti, R., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Monaco, A., Bogomolov, E. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Vasilyev, G., Carlson, P., Pearce, M., Castellini, G., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Mayorov, A. G., Mikhailov, V. V., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zverev, V. G., Pizzolotto, C., Ricci, M., Menn, W., and Simon, M.
Subjects: Solar minimum, Physics, Proton, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, solar modulation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar cycle 23, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Charged particle, law.invention, PAMELA, cosmic rays, proton, solar modulation, chemistry, cosmic rays, law, PAMELA, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Helium, proton
Abstract: PAMELA has been orbiting the Earth for more than six years, gathering data on solar, galactic and trapped cosmic rays during the time of the last solar minimum. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows charged particle and antiparticle identification over a wide energy range and with an unprecedented precision. The quasi-polar orbit of the instrument, with an inclination of 70 degrees, makes it possible to measure low energy particles starting from about 100 MeV/n. In this work we present the time and rigidity dependence of the galactic proton and helium fluxes over the first 4 years of operation during the A < 0 solar minimum of solar cycle 23.
Published: 2014

49. Measurements of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons by the Wizard/CAPRICE collaboration

Author: R. E. Streitmatter, F. Ciacio, Per Carlson, M. Suffert, F. Cafagna, M. P. De Pascale, W. Menn, M. Ambriola, M. Circella, P. Papini, J. Kremer, P. Schiavon, Mirko Boezio, C. De Marzo, Roberta Sparvoli, A. Vacchi, Catia Grimani, N. Zampa, Marco Casolino, M. Hof, A. Morselli, S. Piccardi, Tom Francke, Guido Barbiellini, D. Bergström, N. Finetti, Roberto Bellotti, John Mitchell, S. Grinstein, S. J. Stochaj, S. Bartalucci, N. Weber, S. A. Stephens, M. Simon, Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, V. Bonvicini, Jonathan F. Ormes, and Marco Ricci
Subjects: electron, Atmospheric Science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, Electron, Superconducting magnet, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Atmosphere, Calorimeters, Electron emission, Positrons, Positron, Superconducting magnets, Cosmic rays, cosmic ray, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Spectrometers, Calorimeter (particle physics), Spectrometer, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ring imaging cherkenov (RICH) detector, Radiation detectors, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Radiators, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: Two recent balloon-borne experiments have been performed by the Wizard/CAPRICE collaboration in order to study the electron and positron components in the cosmic radiation. On 1994 August 8-9 the CAPRICE94 experiment flew from norther Canada and on 1998 May 28-29 the CAPRICE98 experiment flew from New Mexico, USA at altitude8 corresponding to 3.9 and 5.5 g/cm2 of average residual atmosphere respectively. The apparatus were equipped with a Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector, a time-of-flight system, a superconducting magnet spectrometer with a tracking system and a 7-radiation-length silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter. The RICH used in 1994 had a solid NaF radiator while in 1998 the RICH had a CbFlO gaseous radiator. We report on the electron and positron spectra and positron fraction at the top of the atmosphere from few hundred MeV to 40 GeV measured by these two experiments.
Published: 2001

50. Spectroscopic measurements with a silicon drift detector having a continuous implanted drift cathode-voltage divider

Author: N. Zampa, Alexander Rashevsky, P. Burger, A. Gregorio, A. Vacchi, P. Pihet, L.I. Vinogradov, V. Bonvicini, L. D'Acunto, and D. Franck
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon drift detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Preamplifier, Detector, Voltage divider, Particle detector, Cathode, Semiconductor detector, law.invention, Anode, law, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: A silicon drift detector (SDD) prototype where the drift electrode also plays the role of a high-voltage divider has been realised and characterised for spectroscopic applications at near-room temperatures. Among the advantages of this design, is the absence of metal on the sensitive surface which makes this detector interesting for soft X-rays. The detector prototype has a large sensitive area (2]130 mm2) and the charge is collected by two anodes (butter#y-like detector). The energy resolution of a such a detector has been investigated at near-room temperatures using a commercial, hybrid, low-noise charge-sensitive preampli"er. The results obtained for the X-ray lines from 55Fe and 241Am are presented. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2000

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