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Complexes with general formula [RuCl(η6-p-cymene)(P-NR-P)]X (R = CH2Py (Py = pyridine) - [1a]+, CH2Ph (Ph = phenyl) - [1b]+, Ph - [1c] and p-tol (p-tol = p-tolyl) - [1d]+; X = PF6- or BF4-) were evaluated as cytotoxic agents against two cancer cell lines (HeLa and MDA-MB-231). All metal complexes are active in the range of concentrations tested (up to 100 μmol L-1). The IC50 (μmol L-1) values for the metal complexes are lower than that found for cisplatin. The activities are up to 6- and 15-fold higher than cisplatin for HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, respectively. Studies of DNA binding and DNA cleavage were performed. DNA binding studies revealed a modest hypochromic shift in the metal complexes electronic spectra, indicating a weak interaction with Kb values in the range of 1.7 × 103-1.6 × 104. Although the cleavage tests revealed that in the dark DNA is not a biological target for these metal complexes, upon blue light irradiation they are activated causing DNA cleavage. Electrochemical studies showed the presence of two independent redox processes, one attributed to the oxidation process of Ru2+ → Ru3+ (EC process) and the other one to the reduction of Ru2+ → Ru1+, which is further reduced to Ru0 (ECE mechanism). In both processes, coupled chemical reactions were observed. DFT calculations were performed to support the electrochemical/chemical behavior of the complexes. The reactivity of complex [1b]BF4 with CH3CN was evaluated and two complexes were isolated [2b]BF4 and [3b]BF4. The complex mer-[RuCl(CH3CN)3(P-NCH2Ph-P)]BF4 ([2b]BF4) was isolated after refluxing the precursor [1b]BF4 in CH3CN. Isomerization of [2b]BF4 in CH3CN resulted in the formation of fac-[RuCl(CH3CN)3(P-NCH2Ph-P)]BF4. An attempt to isolate the fac-isomer by adding diethyl ether was unsuccessful, and the complex [3b]BF4 was observed as the major component. The complex [Ru2(μ-Cl3)(CH3CN)2(P-NCH2Ph-P)2]BF4 ([3b]BF4) proved to be very stable and can be obtained from both the mer- and the fac-isomers. The molecular structures of [1b]BF4 and [3b]BF4 were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Several ruthenium complexes have been investigated regarding anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (anti-MTb) activity, with some diphosphine-containing ruthenium complexes comparable to first and second line drugs. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no PNP-containing ruthenium complexes applied as metallodrugs. Thus, this study focused on the synthesis, characterization and anti-MTb activity of a new series of coordination compounds with general formula [RuCl(η 6 -p-cymene)(PN R P)]X (R=CH 2 Py (Py=pyridine)-[1a], CH 2 Ph (Ph=phenyl)-[1b], Ph-[1c] and p-tol (p-tol=p-tolyl)-[1d]; X=PF 6 - or BF 4 - P{ 1 H, 31 P{ 1 H}), vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR), ESI-MS, molar conductance, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction studies. The molecular structures of [1a]PF 6 , [1c]BF 4 and [1d]PF 6 were determined and confirm the spectroscopic and ESI-MS data. The complexes were used in anti-MTb trials, and the preliminary results are presented. The complexes are promising anti-MTb agents with MIC 90 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of compounds required to inhibit the growth of 90% of MTb) values comparable with the Ethambutol, the reference drug used in this work, and complex [1a]BF 4 presented the highest selectivity index., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The synthesis and characterization of ruthenium compounds of the type [RuCl(2)(NO)(dppp)(L)]PF(6) [dppp=1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; L=pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 4-phenylpyridine and dimethyl sulfoxide] are described. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis and infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography for the complexes with the pyridine and 4-methylpyridine ligands. In vitro evaluation of these nitrosyl complexes revealed cytotoxic activity from 7.1 to 19.0 microM against the MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells and showed that, in this case, they are more active than the reference metallodrug cisplatin. The 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and the N-heterocyclic ligands alone failed to show cytotoxic activities at the concentrations tested (maximum concentration utilized=200 microM).

Reaction of fac- [RuCl 3 (NO)(P–N)] (1) with the triarylphosphines PR 3 in MeOH allows for isolation of the monocationic Ru(II) complexes [RuCl 2 (NO)(P–N)(PR 3 )]PF 6 ; P–N = o -diphenylphosphino- N , N -dimethylaniline, and R = p -MeO-C 6 H 4 (complex 2 ), p -Me-C 6 H 4 ( 3 ), Ph ( 4 ), and p -F-C 6 H 4 ( 5 ). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 31 P{ 1 H}, 1 H NMR and IR spectroscopies, ESI-MS, CV, and X-ray structural data for complexes 3 – 5 . The 31 P{ 1 H} spectra display two doublets with 2 J pp values consistent with cis P-atoms. The ESI-MS spectra reveal the molecular ion [RuCl 2 (NO)(P–N)(PR 3 )] + and the fragmentation ions [M−PR 3 ] + , [M−PR 3 −Cl] + , and [M−PR 3 −2Cl] + . CV data show a one-electron, quasi-reversible reduction process centred at the Ru–NO unit that depends on the p K a of the PR 3 . The IR spectra reveal ν NO bands for coordinated NO + . A known, empirical inverse correlation between the δ P value and the Ru–P bond length of the P–N ligand that exists for a series of cis - and trans -RuX 2 (L)(P–N)(PR 3 ) complexes (X = Cl or Br), where L is a range of small molecules, is extended with L = NO + and now covers the respective ranges of about 30–80 ppm and 2.39–2.17 Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes containing triarylphosphines and hybrid ligands PPh2-X (X= o-dimethylaniline – P–N, o-pyridine – P-Py, or o-anisole – P–O) were synthesized and characterized. Six new complexes with the formula cis,trans-[RuCl2(CO)(PPh2-X)(PR3)] (X= o-dimethylaniline, R=Ph 1a; X= o-pyridine, R=Ph 2a; X= o-anisole, R=Ph 3a; X= o-dimethylaniline, R= p-tol 1b; X= o-pyridine, R= p-tol 2b; and X= o-anisole, R= p-tol 3b) were obtained by starting from the appropriate precursors, [RuCl2(CO)(DMF)(PPh3)2] or [RuCl2(CO)(DMF)(P{p-tol}3)2]. The two chlorine atoms are in cis position to each other, and the monophosphine (PPh3 or P{p-tol}3) is in trans position to the nitrogen or oxygen of the PPh2-X ligand. The synthesized complexes were characterized by 1D–1H, 31P{1H} and 2D-correlations HMBC 31P–1H NMR, vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction structural determination (for complexes 1a, 2a·CH2Cl2 , 3a, and 3b·CH2Cl2 ). Only the complexes containing the P–O ligand (3a and 3b) reacted with carbon monoxide (at 1atm and room temperature). The NMR (31P{1H}, 1H) data was compatible with carbon monoxide coordination at the OCH3 position, which led to the formation of dicarbonyl complexes [RuCl2(CO)2(P–O)(PR3)] (R=Ph 4a or p-tol 4b), and proved the hemilabile behavior of the P–O ligand. In addition, the complexes underwent isomerization in solution when exposed to ambient light, and the products were analyzed by 31P{1H} NMR. The X-ray structures and the chemical shift in the 31P NMR spectra were correlated and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Ruthenium(II) thiazolines cotaining mono- and diphosphines complexes. • Redox dependence on the nature of thiazolines and phosphines. • 31P{1H} NMR correlation with structure of mono- and diphosphines and thiazolines. In this work, complexes containing mercaptothiazolines, and mono- and diphosphines with the general formula [Ru(N−S) 2 (P) 2 ] or [Ru(N−S) 2 (P-P)] – N–S−: 1,3-thiazoline-2-thionate (tzt− - a) and benzo-1,3-thiazoline-2-thionate (bzoxt− - b), and P 2 = monophosphine: P{ p -tol} 3 – 2 ; P-P = dppe – 3 , dppp – 4 , dppb – 5 , dppf – 6 or DPEPhos – 7 were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and the molecular structures of 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a •CH 2 Cl 2 and 7a were solved by X-ray diffraction. The Hirshfeld surface analysis and the 2D fingerprint plots were performed. The 1H NMR spectra of the compounds revealed the signals of the ligands and the main feature is the absence of the N H signal of the protonated ligands TztH and BzoxtH supporting the coordination in their anionic forms, which is also evidenced by the vibrational spectroscopy and molar conductivity studies. The 31P{1H} NMR spectra present only one singlet indicating the chemical equivalence of both phosphorus nuclei and in a region compatible with phosphorus cis -positioned for the P(p -tol) 3 and for the potentially trans -spanning dppf and DPEPhos, whereas for the other diphosphines (dppe, dppp and dppb) only the cis -configuration is expected. The molecular structure revealed the Ru center is sited on a distorted octahedral geometry mainly as a consequence of the formation of four-membered chelate rings involving the N–S− ligand. The coordination sphere is completed with two phosphorus atoms positioned in a cis -fashion while trans to the nitrogen atoms of the tzt− ligand, and the remaining sulfur donors (thiolate) of tzt− ligand positioned trans to each other. The cyclic voltammograms of the complexes presented one monoelectronic and reversible process attributed to the Ru3+/Ru2+ couple, and for the complexes with dppf an additional redox process is observed due to the Fe3+/Fe2+ couple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]