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The article discusses the application of the process and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling for the validation of the technology used in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit for the restoration of the refinery of the energy and petrochemicals company Shell in Puget Sound, Washington.

The article discusses refractory selection for fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) at oil refineries. FCCUs are crucial for refineries' operations as they are the sources of the bulk of their profits. Topics include the challenges in refractory selection, the importance of proper refractory selection in the FCCU to ensure the unit's overall reliability, and the required refractory properties in transfer line walls.

The article reports that Viva Energy's Geelong refinery reduces fluidized catalytic cracking units (FCCU) turnaround risk. It mentions information on computational model domain for the Geelong refinery's RCCU regenerator which contains components like cyclones, upper vessel, regenerator bed, and catalysts. It presents suggestions for minimizing turnaround risk like using right simulation tool, ensuring the stakeholders are part of process, and early planning.

The article examines outlet pigtail rupture and component weld joint cracking failures in bulk hydrogen production in a petroleum refinery. The high temperatures in bulk hydrogen production reportedly impose harsh demands on system components. Also discussed is the importance of design practice modifications to correlate service failures to inadequacies better.

The article focuses on useful tips that can be used for the optimisation of fired heater. The tips including several process control which are basic control, advanced process control and solid combustion control. It informs that fired heaters are used in refineries for heating, vapourisation and thermal cracking of process fluids, and safe control of the outlet temperature, minimisation of energy costs and emissions, and stable and robust performance are the basic objective of optimisation.

The article offers suggestions regarding design and troubleshoot the of the orifice chamber in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. It states that FCC units (FCCUs) are significant contributors to refinery margins, and mentions that advances in zeolite-based catalyst have significantly contributed to enhancing FCCU performance. It notes that OC contains perforated plates designed to progressively reduce the flue gas pressure while achieving stable pressure downstream.

The article presents a case study of revamping residue fluidized catalytic cracking (RFCC) reactors and regenerators within refineries in a hydrocarbon processing plant in Ulsan, South Korea, that had been in operation for 19 years. It states that reactor heads and 20 cyclones in regenerator were replaced. It also discusses the challenges faced in the revamp process including replacement of reactor head, substitution of regenerator head and dissimilar welding quality.

The article offers information on the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process which is used by complex petroleum refineries. The FCC unit (FCCU) can produce transportation fuels and high-value petrochemicals, however, keeping the catalyst circulating is one of the main challenges in the operation of an FCCU. FCC standpipe history and fundamental process equations are mentioned here in the article.

The article discusses the use of enhanced fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts to improve tight oil refining. Topics addressed include the difficulty of maintaining the octane balance of gasoline blending, higher tight oil production rates in the U.S., and operating changes experienced by FCC units (FCCUs) at refineries that process tight oil. Also mentioned are the variability of crude characteristics, heat balance and octane problems, and tight oil's provision of economic feedstocks.

The article offers an analysis of a representative Bakken shale oil and its fractions, compared to a typical Mid-Continent vacuum gasoil (VGO) in order to determine the implications of shale oil in refineries. It discusses how optimize operations and maximize fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) value. Shale oil is said to make up only a percentage of the total feedstock in a refinery.

The article focuses on the growing demand for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts and hydroprocessing catalysts (HPC) as the post-recession refinery market improves. Demand growth in the developing countries and their adoption of stricter fuel standards are driving the refinery catalysts' expected moderate growth in the next five years. Changing feedstock slates, rare earth market volatility, new refinery product mixes, price competition, and industry consolidation are also discussed.

The article discusses the use of micrographs to diagnose fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) operation. The authors explain that catalyst plays an important role in the FCC operation and affect product yields and quality. A description of FCC catalyst is given. The FCC catalyst micrograph observation and technology involve observing and analyzing catalyst micrographs.

Discusses the use of reverse jet scrubber technology for fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) off gases. Installation of the technology at the Navajo Refinery in Artesia, New Mexico in 2003; Application of reverse jet wet scrubbers in the cement, metallurgical, chemical and power industries, and have been used in refinery applications since 1990; Benefits of using the technology.

The article discusses the use of sulfur oxide (SOx) additives for tight oils refineries in the U.S. and the discussion on the challenges faced due the characteristics of tight oil for being very light and easily crack.

Focuses on the successful revamp of a vacuum column for a mild hydrocracking unit in Bahrain. Exemplary communication between the refinery and the contractor; Enhancement of the column's performance and reliability; Design considerations; Highlights of the installation work.

Recommends partial-conversion hydrocracking techniques for oil refiners. Benefits; Treatment of the fluid catalytic cracking feed; Options for reducing the sulfur content for both gasoline and high-speed diesel fuels.

The article discusses the global petroleum refining catalysts market as of March 2014, noting that the industry is driven by the demand for diesel fuel, environmental regulations, and refinery capacity. The discussion topics include the outlook for greater utilization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units, the demand for FCC catalysts, and the projected growth for refinery catalysts in various regions including China. The sales volume of chemical companies such as W.R. Grace are noted.

The article presents a case study of the installation of fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) at the Tupras Izmir refinery in Turkey. The economic analysis at the Izmir refinery afforded the chance to upgrade operational safety to mitigate coking and flow reversals, and in order to capitalize on yield margin. The feed distributor tip metallurgy should be resistant to the FCC riser's harsh environment and robust for thermal gradients.

The article discusses various technologies which help in the production of clean fuels to meet product quality specifications. It has been stated that Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is an important technology being used by oil refineries for converting heavy oil to light oil. It has been stated that new moderate hydroprocessing technology provide a cheap option for refineries to improve diesel.

The article examines the impact of changing cracker feedslates on the availability of resin formers' mononer worldwide as of June 2015. It states that the decreasing prices of crude oil has slowed progress in the market while the presence of shale gas in North America has led to the decline of liquids cracking for ethylene production. Other topics include cracker feedslates in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East and C5 and C9 value streams.

The article presents a case study on thermal conversion as a technology used to boost diesel production. It notes that the technology offers flexible and cost effective opportunities in boosting margins through the selective, phased investment based incremental economic analysis. It considers two distinct elements in thermal gas unit processes, the visbreaking and thermal cracking. Moreover, thermal conversion revamp is found to be cost effective compared to other alternative revamp schemes.

The article discusses the catalytic cracking technologies used in the production of propylene at oil refineries. The proportion of propylene made in ethylene crackers can be boosted by olefin metathesis. Phillips Petroleum's research on olefin metathesis led to the Olefins Conversion Technology (OCT) of ABB Lummus Global. It is predicted that more than ten percent of global propylene capacity will be represented by OCT plants.

The article reports on the search for technology beyond fluid catalytic crackers (FCC), the components of most oil refineries where raw materials are being sourced for the petrochemical industry. More zeolite catalysts such as ZSM-5 are used in high-olefin catalytic cracking than by FCC units. A PetroFCC unit will be installed by engineering firm UOP at Petron's refinery in the Philippines for the production of propylene from vacuum gas oil in 2008.

This article reports that the vacuum distillation (VD) has become a key refinery operation and is used to continue upstream atmospheric distillation. Topped crude is processed at sub-atmospheric conditions to recover valuable gasoils at low temperatures and to avoid coking and overcracking. Typically, VD towers recover gasoils for downstream cracking units, while other towers produce lubricants. Also, VD is used to produce lube-grade gasoils for further processing by lubricant production facilities. Vacuum tower expansion projects are part of the current trend to maximize capacity, and to minimize energy consumption and operating costs of refinery units. Simulation is a key activity for any major VD expansion efforts.

Reports the upgrade of a petroleum refinery owned by Irving Oil Ltd. in New Brunswick. Increase in the ability of the plant to convert low-value crude oil into higher-value transportation fuels; Accounts of the contract awarded to Fluor Daniel Ltd.; Information on the engineering of crude distillation, cracking and alkylation units.

The article discusses the importance of achieving Tier 3 specification for most oil refiners which can be done by focusing on a limited number of blend components in the gasoline pool. Topics include fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline as the primary target stream for S reduction and as the highest S contributor to the blend, benefits of FCC pretreat strategy, and strategies used by refiners in employing FCC pre-treat catalyst technology to maximize profitability.

Several charts and graphs focused on the industry metrics of the U.S. refinery utilization along with oil pricing are presented which includes world oil prices, global refining margins and the U.S. Gulf cracking spread, are presented.

The article discusses the growth potential in North America's polymer-grade (PG) and chemical-grade (CG) propylene industry. Industry officials cite the steady growth of the propylene market as a result of an abundant supply of refinery grade (RG) propylene to both direct consumers and large merchant market crackers purifying the RG to PG and CG. Statistics on planned industrial capacity expansions of several companies and pie charts showing propylene supply and demand for 2011 are presented.

The article reports on the use of hydrocracking unit for the refinery project of Sinopec Hainan Refining & Chemical Co. Ltd. in the petroleum industry in Hainan Sheng, China. The company has successfully used the unit in wet commissioning for the project on September 28, 2006. After the completion of the project, it is expected to produce products such as gasoline diesel, aero kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas.

Reports on the cracking process developed by Asahi Kasei Chemicals for the conversion of raffinate streams from petrochemical plants and refineries for the production of propylene and ethylene. Impact of the process on the ratio of the chemical production; Use of the process with feedstock streams; Significance of the process to the operating costs and emissions of the firm.

This article reports that the trial use in heavy oil catalysis units shows that special agent LHO-1 for heavy oil catalysis recently developed by Lanzhou Research Institute of Petrochemical Industry has less oil slurry, lower agent consumption, higher total liquid yield, stronger heavy oil cracking capacity, higher light oil yield and more remarkable economic benefits compared with balance catalysts used in oil refining enterprises today. The difficult treatment of heavy oil is a problem popular with oil refining enterprises in the world.