Feed nozzle effects on yields and operation of FCCUs.

The article presents a case study of the installation of fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) at the Tupras Izmir refinery in Turkey. The economic analysis at the Izmir refinery afforded the chance to upgrade operational safety to mitigate coking and flow reversals, and in order to capitalize on yield margin. The feed distributor tip metallurgy should be resistant to the FCC riser's harsh environment and robust for thermal gradients.