Search

Большое разнообразие дефиниций речевого манипулирования и его языковых составляющих создают различные интерпретации в понимании этого явления. Цель работы состоит в выявлении и описании семантических характеристик антонимических средств в публичных выступлениях Дональда Трампа в период 2023-2024 гг., способствующих реализации стратегии манипулирования. Методологическую основу исследования составляет совокупность таких методов, как лексикографический анализ словарных дефиниций, компонентный анализ и метод корреляций. Среди антонимических пар наиболее продуктивными в текстах выступлений Дональда Трампа являются комплементарные антонимы, которые позволяют политику акцентировать внимание на различиях между своими взглядами и мнением оппонентов, создавать контрасты, положительно характеризовать своих сторонников и представлять противников в негативном ключе.

The article examines fraudulent discourse – a special type of discourse, the purpose of which is to take possession of other people’s property and obtain benefits through deceit or breach of trust. The author differentiates the legal understanding of the phenomenon of “fraud” and its perception in the ordinary worldview. It is proved that the concept of fraudulent discourse should include a number of communicative acts qualified by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as theft or extortion. The central genre of fraudulent discourse is the speech genre “swindle” / “con game”, based on the conscious and purposeful manipulative influence of the initiator of communication (fraudster) on the addressee (victim). Nowadays, the wide spread of remote communication determines the predominance of “swindle” using various technical means that provide synchronous or asynchronous interaction between the subjects of communication. The “swindle” / “con game” genre embodies the formulaicity of fraudulent discourse and is implemented through a limited number of strategies, each of which uses a stable set of means of influence. The main strategies are the appeal to fear, the appeal to luck and creation of the illusion of routine. As part of the fear appeal strategy, three tactics are distinguished, namely, the tactics of instilling fear for one’s prosperity and well-being, the tactics of instilling fear for the safety of a family member, and the tactics of instilling fear of public reprimand. The analysis is carried out by a continuous sampling method and is based on messages (more than 400 units) of potential victims or victims of technically mediated fraud, presented in the form of a narrative and posted on various communication resources in the media space.

The article considers the multidimensional phenomenon of speech manipulation and the role of mass media in forming public opinion. Linguistic studies show that speech manipulation also includes social, political, and psychological components. Mass media plays a significant part in creating a culture of relationships, influencing the behaviour and intelligence of any society. This explains why it eventually shapes public opinion by manipulating the consciousness of the audience using an extensive arsenal of linguistic means, which may express both verbal aggression and verbal collaboration. The paper considers the reasons why this phenomenon emerges in the language of mass media, its interpretations, and forms of expression, including its method, intensity, and purposefulness. The use of the discrediting strategy, which appears to be the most common for speech manipulation in modern mass media, is analysed. The strategy can be formed explicitly or implicitly, starting with title and subheading (the headline complex), and using different language means. The study identifies linguistic indicators of speech manipulation within the discrediting strategy which represent different tactics of direct and indirect accusation, opposition, solidarity, and rejection. They key functions of headline complexes are hence considered. Linguistic and functional analysis has revealed main indicators of speech manipulation while quantitative analysis has identified the most frequent linguistic means that indicate speech manipulation in the articles focused on economic and political issues.

This article examines the concept of “newspeak,” created by J. Orwell in his novel “1984,” which functions as one of the means of manipulating the political consciousness of people. The article focuses on the linguistic manifestation of newspeak in the speech behavior of modern German politicians. It reveals two main functions of newspeak in the speech of modern German politicians: confusion and reinterpretation of established concepts. The article explores the corpus of lexical means of German political newspeak, which are realized in the form of framing, empty phrases, paradoxical word constructions, borrowings, neologisms, clericalisms, lexemes with ambiguous meaning, and words with multiple meanings. Among the grammatical means peculiar to newspeak in German political discourse, the article describes the inclusive pronoun “wir,” passive voice, and the conjunctive irrealis in combination with the adverbial modifier of manner. The pragmatic means of realizing newspeak in German political discourse include the imposition of presuppositions, weak efforts to fulfill the intentions, and hyperbolization. The conclusion is drawn that, unlike in totalitarian societies, politicians in democratic countries use newspeak to compensate for the failures of their party, which turns out to be unable to fully implement its declared intentions, mainly through linguistic manipulations.

Целью данной статьи является анализ лексико-грамматических приёмов речевого манипулирования в политических англоязычных текстах и выявление наиболее часто и наименее часто использующихся. Пропаганда, рассматриваемая в поле политического дискурса, направлена на изменение отношения людей к обществу, в котором они живут, к его главным ценностям и приоритетам. Речевые манипуляции в политике реализуются не только в выступлениях политиков, немаловажную роль в этом процессе играют СМИ и интернет. В политических текстах языковые манипуляции представлены весьма широко – а именно, совокупностью приёмов, и имеют несколько целей – сформировать и навязать аудитории определённые взгляды, а также – побудить её к действиям, желательным для манипуляторов.

In the context of globalization of society, information becomes not just the sum of knowledge necessary for mankind, but a means of manipulating the consciousness of millions of people, a way of inciting hatred and enmity. Verbal crimes are committed against both human rights and freedoms and against the peace and security of mankind. In recent years, both in Russia and in Belarus, verbal offenses of an extremist nature have become more frequent. For the Belarusian and Russian linguistic and legal discourse, this is a fairly new phenomenon, the interest in which predetermined the purpose of this study - to study the phenomenon of verbal extremism in the aspect of the national legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The factual data were conflictogenic texts with extremist focus that were analyzed from a legal standpoint (Article 130 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The methodology of the research comprises the method of parametrization and logical-linguistic, comparative and lexicalsemantic analyses. The object of the research is verbal expressions of extremism. In this study, attention was paid to both the theoretical study of the phenomenon of verbal extremism and the practical analysis of conflictogenic texts. Common signs of verbal extremism are: abstractness, heightened emotional background of transmitted information, pseudo-non-involvement of a person in its dissemination. The main mechanism of sowing (inciting) discord is the use of expressions stating the superiority or exclusiveness of the dominant group as compared to the biological, social or moral defectiveness or depravity of the subgroup. The verbal mechanism of sowing (inciting) hatred is creation of defective or hostile images of the subgroup, when its members are attributed either a desire to lead parasitic lifestyles at the expense of the members of the dominant group, or they are accused of innate hostility to the dominant group and conspiring its destruction. The results obtained indicate that the Belarusian and Russian legislation reflects a similar understanding of the category of verbal extremism, which indicates the gradual harmonization of the legislative systems of Russia and Belarus in terms of assessing crimes against the peace and security of mankind.

This article provides a multi-analysis and comparison of the concepts of linguistic effect and mind games by means of language. Those have acquired the greatest relevance in the modern digital world, i.e., the world of network communications.Through comparing dictionary and scientific definitions, as well as a number of criteria, one may distinguish the basic similarities and differences between linguistic effect and manipulation of consciousness. One may also find a description of the key features of mind games using language, as well as the definition of the concept of speech manipulation, along with a univocal negative moral and ethical assessment of this phenomenon. The general correlation of the concepts of linguistic effect and manipulation of consciousness is also provided.

This article explores the material of social and political nature, the manipulative power of words, and their direct impact on consciousness and behavior. The authors focus on neologisms as a lexical means of speech manipulation that generates additional connotations, obscures understanding, misleads, and creates conflicting situations. The article analyzes some aspects of the theoretical study of political discourse as a powerful resource for creating a favorable image and such a phenomenon as “winning over with the word”, the relevance of which is expressed by the current political situation in the world.

The aim of this paper is to analyze how the concept of hatred is represented in American political discourse. The problem of intensified hate speech requires thorough linguistic investigation as political discourse is becoming more openly conflictual. The empirical material of this study comprises public speeches by American politicians, politically themed analytical articles in the press, posts and statements of politicians in social networks. The main method is that of functional-linguistic analysis of discourse. The author analyzes confrontational communicative tactics, e.g. discrediting, scorn, insult, accusation, mockery, etc. The objects (or victims) of such rhetoric are political opponents of the subject of speech, who may have different points of view, religious beliefs, cultural backgrounds and social status. Hate speech, which is an extreme form of how the concept of hatred can be verbalized, may be directed against confessional and ethnical groups. The paper puts special focus on communicative goals and intentions of the discourse participants who resort to hate speech. Usually it is the desire of the subject of speech to publicly demonstrate disrespect, mock, belittle the authority of opponents and favorably represent oneself in the eyes of the audience. The rhetoric of hatred comprises such typical means as negative and offensive epithets and metaphors; hyperbolic, comparative, rhetorical and lexical constructions with the pragmatical meaning of irony. In situations, when the subjects of speech emphasize the difference between them and their opponents (national, religious, social etc.), the functional fields of the concept of hatred and the “in-group/out-group” concept may overlap. In these cases, the communicative goal of the speaker is to alienate political opponents and emphasize their dissidence in a negative way.

The article studies the possible impact on the addressee by manipulating. The analysis was applied to the manipulative strategy of the syntax complexity by the targeted and motivated selection of the best linguistic units of semantic pragmatic content. The relevance of the parliamentary discourse study is dictated by the need to search the best ways of speech influence on the audience for the parliament members, on the one hand, and the need to understand the real intentions of the audience and latent methods of language manipulation, on the other hand. The purpose of this article is to consider and identify the peculiarities of the mechanism of linguistic manipulation in the parliamentary speeches of the UK at the syntactic level. The study analyses the texts of the parliamentary political discourse of Britain on the issues related to the situation in the Ukraine in 2015. As a result, it was found out that the most frequent are the following means of manipulation: repetition inside a statement, antithesis, anaphora, syntactic parallelism, ellipse, inversion, rhetorical question, graduation, anadiplosis and epiphora. The study of such a mechanism of manipulation with the help of linguistic means and understanding its laws are important because they help to avoid the psycho-technical effect of speech manipulation, aggression or even speech abuse.