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Abstract Objective To evaluate the technical reproducibility of a block of the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) of the hip aided or not by ultrasound in cadavers. Materials and Methods The present is a randomized, descriptive, and comparative anatomical study on 40 hips from 2 cadaver groups. We compared the PENG block technique with the method with no ultrasound guidance. After injecting a methylene blue dye, we verified the dispersion and topographical staining of the anterior hip capsule through dissection. In addition, we evaluated the injection orifice in both techniques. Results In the comparative analysis of the techniques, there were no puncture failures, damage to noble structures in the orifice path, or differences in the results. Only 1 hip from each group (5%) presented inadequate dye dispersion within the anterior capsule, and in 95% of the cases submitted to either technique, there was adequate dye dispersion at the target region. Conclusion Hip PENG block with no ultrasound guidance is feasible, safe, effective, and highly reliable compared to its conventional counterpart. The present is a pioneer study that can help patients with hip pain from various causes in need of relief.

Abstract Objective To correlate radiographic alterations and lesions in intra-articular structures of the acetabulum with the intensity of pain and disability of patients diagnosed with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Methods A retrospective analysis of the preoperative data of 182 patients (190 hips) was performed. Clinical variables such as age, gender, the practice of physical activity, and radiographic variables, such as the Wiberg and alpha angles, were evaluated. Through an intraoperative video, the extent of the chondral and labial lesions was evaluated considering the clock-face method, the degree of joint involvement by the Outerbridge classification, and the presence of wave lesions. The variables were analyzed by linear regression, with the intensity of the pain assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional disability measured by the Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS). Results The mean age of the patients was of 38.5 ± 9.6 years, the mean intensity of the pain was of 7.8 ± 1.6, and the mean mHHS score was of 56.3 ± 12.7. In total, 61% of the sample were classified as Outerbridge III or IV, and 12.6% had wave lesions. There was a correlation between the male gender (r = 0.497) and lower intensity of the pain, and a correlation of age (r = -0.27), the male gender (r = 8.419) and physical activity with higher functional scores on the mHHS (r = 4.729). Conclusion There was no correlation of the radiographic and arthroscopic parameters of the present study and the intensity of pain and the disability of the patients. The male gender is related to lower intensity of pain, and higher functional ability is related to the male gender, lower age, and the practice of physical activity. Level of Evidence IV.

Abstract Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is an important cause of hip pain, and the main etiology of hip osteoarthritis in the young population. Femoroacetabular impingement is characterized by subtle alterations in the anatomy of the acetabulum and proximal femur, which can lead to labrum tearing. The acetabular labrum is essential to the stability of the hip joint. Three types of FAI were described: cam (anespherical femoral head), pincer (acetabular overcoverage) and mixed (characteristics of both cam and pincer). The etiology of FAI is related to genetic and environmental characteristics. Knowledge of this condition is essential to adequately treat patients presenting with hip pain.

Abstract Objective The present paper aims to evaluate the influences of individual characteristics in radiographic magnification and to identify the most accurate method for radiographic calibration. Methods During radiographical exam of 50 patients with hip prosthesis, anthropometric data was collected and 4 spherical metal markers with 25 mm diameters were positioned: at the greater trochanter level and lateral to it, over the pubic symphysis, between the thighs at the greater trochanter level, and over the exam table. Since the prosthesis head is the best internal radiographic marker for hip arthroplasty, it was our calibration parameter. Two examiners measured the markers' image for further analysis. Results The sample consisted of 50 participants, 19 of whom were male. A difference in pubic symphysis magnification was found. Other individual characteristics (weight, height and body mass index) had weak correlation. The higher accuracy of the markers was at the greater trochanter, between 68.4 and 78.9%, visualized in only19 radiographs. The marker positioned between the thighs was visualized in all radiographs, with an accuracy ranging from 30 to 46%. Conclusions Of all individual characteristics, only gender influences magnification at the pubic symphysis. We suggest the use of two spherical markers: at the greater trochanter, due the best accuracy, and between the thighs, considered the best positioning for better visibility.

Abstract Objective To describe a postarthroscopic treatment classification system for acetabular chondral damage in the hip and to report the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of such classification. Methods This is a retrospective review of ninety-nine digital video recordings made during arthroscopic surgery. Patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement and evaluated at the hip arthroscopy outpatient clinic between March 2015 and March 2016 were included in the study. Patients with a history of previous hip surgery, radiologic evidence of advanced osteoarthritis (Tönnis grade > 2), who underwent labral resection, or whose digital recordings were incomplete or of insufficient quality for adequate review were excluded. Two orthopedic surgeons, who did not participate in the surgery, independently reviewed the video recordings and classified the remaining acetabular cartilage using the post-treatment classification system. Intraobserver and interobserver analysis was then conducted using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Excellent intraobserver reliability (ICC = 0.790; p < 0.001) and interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.882; p < 0.001) were observed. Both ICC values were statistically significant. Conclusion The posttreatment classification of the remaining acetabular cartilage has excellent intra and interobserver reliability.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) against corticosteroid on the treatment of trochanteric pain syndrome . Methods: From July 2011 to November 2012, eighteen patients (20 hips) with trochanter pain syndrome were randomized in two groups and treated with platelet rich plasma or triamcinolone infiltration guided by ultrasound. Pain and function were evaluated prior to the intervention and after 10, 30 and 60 days, through the Facial Expressions Scale for Pain and the Western Ontario McMaster and Harris Hip Score questionnaires. Inter-group analysis was performed by Student t-test and intragroup analysis by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment results from 20 patients who underwent an alternative osteosynthesis method as definitive treatment for pelvic ring fractures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a series of 20 patients with pelvic ring fractures (Tile type C) and a high risk of postoperative infection, who were treated at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo between August 2004 and December 2012. The patients underwent percutaneous supra-acetabular external fixation in association with cannulated 7.0 mm iliosacral screws. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 40 years (range 22-77 years) and the mean length of follow-up was 18.5 months (range 3-69 months). At the end of the treatment, ten patients (50%) were classified as having good results, nine patients (45%) had fair results and one patient (5%) did not have any improvement. Six patients presented complications, and paresthesia of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve was the most frequent of these (two patients). CONCLUSION: Supra-acetabular external fixation in association with iliosacral percutaneous osteosynthesis is a good definitive treatment method for patients with a high risk of postoperative infection.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: This was an epidemiological study on fractures of the proximal third of the femur in elderly patients who were treated at a teaching hospital in the central region of São Paulo. METHODS: The subjects were patients over the age of 60 years who were attended over a 1-year period. A questionnaire seeking basic sociodemographic data and information on comorbidities presented and medications used was drawn up. The circumstances of the fractures and their characteristics, the treatment instituted and the intra-hospital mortality rate were evaluated. RESULTS: The 113 patients included in the study presented a mean age of 79 years. The ratio between the sexes was three women to each man. Only 30.4% of the patients reported having osteoporosis and only 0.9% had had treatment for the disease. Low-energy trauma was the cause of 92.9% of the fractures. Femoral neck fractures accounted for 42.5% of the fractures and trochanteric fractures, 57.5%. Five patients did not undergo operations; 39 underwent joint replacement; and 69 underwent osteosynthesis. The mean length of hospital stay was 13.5 days and the mean length of waiting time until surgery was 7 days. The intra-hospital mortality rate was 7.1%. CONCLUSION: The patients attended at this institution presented an epidemiological profile similar to what is found in the Brazilian literature. Chronic kidney failure is a significant factor with regard to intra-hospital mortality. Preventive measures such as early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and regular physical activity practices were not implemented.

OBJECTIVE: to translate the Hip Outcome Score clinical evaluation questionnaire into Portuguese and culturally adapt it for Brazil.METHODS: the Hip Outcome Score questionnaire was translated into Portuguese following the methodology consisting of the steps of translation, back-translation, pretesting and final translation.RESULTS: the pretesting was applied to 30 patients with hip pain without arthrosis. In the domain relating to activities of daily living, there were no difficulties in comprehending the translated questionnaire. In presenting the final translation of the questionnaire, all the questions were understood by more than 85% of the individuals.CONCLUSION: the Hip Outcome Score questionnaire was translated and adapted to the Portuguese language and can be used in clinical evaluation on the hip. Additional studies are underway with the objective of evaluating the reproducibility and validity of the Brazilian translation.

Hip arthroscopy has been popularized over the last decade and, with technical advances regarding imaging diagnostics, understanding of the physiopathology or surgical techniques, several applications have been described. Both arthroscopy for intra-articular conditions and endoscopy for extra-articular procedures can be used in diagnosing or treating different conditions. This updated article has the objective of presenting the various current possibilities for hip arthroscopy.

The pelvic ring fractures comprise 2 -8% of all skeletal injuries. As the incidence rises to 25% in polytrauma and represents a negative prognostic factor with regard to morbidity and mortality of patients, we sought with this work to establish the profile of these, compared to an alteration in the profile of patients with pelvic ring fractures in recent decades. To this end, we evaluated the epidemiological profile, mechanism of injury and types of fractures. By reviewing the literature indexed in the databases related to the theme, 20 papers were selected that contained the requirements for the study. For the period between January 1987 and December 1999 (first decade), and another period in January 2000 and December 2010 (second decade), data were analyzed by Mann -Whitney test. The ratings Tile, Young and Burgess AO were adequate to permit their categorization. The research in each decade was homogeneous. At first the lesions were more prevalent in men with 62.5% with a tendency to reverse this pattern given the increase of women in the second decade (p = 0.286). The average age in the first decade was 39.3 years, an increase in the second (p = 0.068). The most prevalent mechanisms of trauma were related to traffic in both periods as well as fractures classified as type A (p = 0.203 and p = 0.457, respectively), having mortality rates decreased (p = 0.396). We conclude that there was a tendency to increase in the average age of patients (p = 0.068); however the increasing involvement of women (p = 0.286) and decreased mortality (p = 0.396) were not significant.

Female patient, 42 years old with a history of low back pain on the left for seventeen years in which the definitive diagnosis of the etiology of pain was evident after the completion of neurography magnetic resonance imaging of the sciatic nerve. In this test it was identified the presence of an anatomical variation in the relationship between the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve. We discuss details of this imaging technique and its importance in the frames of refractory low back pain. We also describe the treatment given to the case.Paciente do sexo feminino, 42 anos, com histórico de lombociatalgia à esquerda havia 17 anos. O diagnóstico definitivo da etiologia da dor só foi evidenciado após a neurografia por ressonância magnética do ciático. Nesse exame identificou-se a presença de variação anatômica entre o músculo piriforme e o nervo ciático. Descrevemos detalhes sobre a técnica de imagem e sua importância nos quadros de lombociatalgia refratária, como também o tratamento instituído para o caso.

OBJETIVO: O MHOT14/33 é um instrumento de avaliação específico para pacientes jovens com problemas no quadril. O objetivo deste trabalho é traduzir e adaptar culturalmente este questionário para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas tradução e adaptação transcultural conforme metodologia descrita por Guillemin: tradução inicial, retro tradução, versão pré-final, aplicação em pacientes e confecção da versão final. RESULTADOS: A versão de consenso foi aplicada em 30 pacientes jovens com problemas no quadril, sendo verificadas dificuldades no entendimento de algumas palavras e expressões, as quais foram substitu��das por termos de mais fácil entendimento. Na reaplicação do questionário com a nova versão houve entendimento pela totalidade dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A confecção da versão brasileira do MAHORN Hip Outcome Tool 14/33 permitiu a disponibilização nacional deste questionário para avaliação de pacientes jovens com problema no quadril, tendo boa aceitação e compreendimento pelos pacientes testados. Nível de evidência II, Desenvolvimento de critérios diagnósticos em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).OBJECTIVE: MHOT14/33 is an outcome tool designed for young patients with hip problems. The objective of this study is to translate and establish a cross-cultural adaptation of this questionnaire to Portuguese. METHOD: The Guillemin guidelines were followed for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation consisting on: translation, back-translation, prefinal version, administration of the Questionnaire, and editing of the final version. RESULTS: The prefinal version was applied to 30 young patients with hip problems. Some difficulties in understanding some of the words and expressions were noted, and these were replaced with simpler ones, achieving the patient's full acceptability in the final version of the Questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The creation of the Brazilian version of the MAHORN Hip Outcome Tool 14/33 enables this questionnaire to be used in the evaluation of patients with hip problems in Brazil, and was clearly understood, with good acceptance by the patients tested. Level of evidence II - Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do método de interpretação radiográfica das fraturas de acetábulo, segundo a classificação de Judet e Letournel, por um grupo de médicos residentes de Ortopedia de um hospital universitário. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 10 residentes de ortopedia e divididos em dois grupos, um deles recebeu treinamento de uma metodologia para a classificação de fraturas do acetábulo, que consiste em transpor as imagens radiográficas para uma representação gráfica em duas dimensões. Foram classificados 50 casos de fratura acetábulo em dois momentos distintos e verificada a concordância intra e interobservador. RESULTADO: O índice de acerto médio no grupo treinado foi de 16,2% (10-26%), no grupo não treinado foi de 22,8% (10-36%). O coeficiente kappa médio intraobservador e interobservador do grupo treinado foi respectivamente de 0,08 e 0,12, e o do grupo não treinado foi de 0,14 e 0,29. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento do método de interpretação radiográfica das fraturas do acetábulo não foi efetivo para auxiliar na classificação das fraturas do acetábulo. Nível de evidência II, Teste de critérios diagnósticos desenvolvimento anteriormente em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the method of radiographic interpretation of acetabular fractures, according to the classification of Judet and Letournel, used by a group of residents of Orthopedics at a university hospital. METHODS: We selected ten orthopedic residents, who were divided into two groups; one group received training in a methodology for the classification of acetabular fractures, which involves transposing the radiographic images to a graphic two-dimensional representation. We classified fifty cases of acetabular fracture on two separate occasions, and determined the intraobserver and interobserver agreement. RESULT: The success rate was 16.2% (10-26%) for the trained group and 22.8% (10-36%) for the untrained group. The mean kappa coefficients for interobserver and intraobserver agreement in the trained group were 0.08 and 0.12, respectively, and for the untrained group, 0.14 and 0.29. CONCLUSION: Training in the method of radiographic interpretation of acetabular fractures was not effective for assisting in the classification of acetabular fractures. Level of evidence I, Testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference "gold" standard).

OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico artroscópico de um grupo de pacientes que desenvolveram sintomas após atividades físicas repetitivas, movimentando o quadril em uma posição de hiperflexão, como leg press e agachamento. MÉTODOS: O grupo do estudo compreendeu 47 indivíduos (48 quadris) que desenvolveram o início dos sintomas dolorosos associados a exercícios de hiperflexão de quadril (leg press ou agachamento) e submetidos a tratamento artroscópico. Os pacientes foram avaliados radiográfica e clinicamente segundo o Harris Hip Score modificado por Byrd (MHHS), nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, questionados sobre seu retorno às atividades esportivas e os achados cirúrgicos. RESULTADOS: A média do MHHS nos períodos pré e pós-operatório foi, respectivamente, 60 pontos (DP 11,0, faixa 38,5-92,4) e 95,9 pontos (DP 7,7, faixa 63,8-100), aumento de 35,9 pontos (P < 0,001). Em relação à atividade física, 30 indivíduos (71,5%) retomaram as atividades esportivas após a cirurgia, 25 (83,4%) destes com o mesmo nível anterior, seis indivíduos (12,8%) não retornaram devido à dor persistente. Na artroscopia, 48 quadris (100%) apresentaram lesões do lábio acetabular e 41 quadris (85,4%), lesões condrais acetabulares. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com sintomas dolorosos após os exercícios de hiperflexão do quadril associados ao impacto femoroacetabular apresentaram melhora após o tratamento artroscópico.OBJECTIVE: Describe the results from arthroscopic surgical treatment on a group of patients who developed symptoms after repetitive physical activity of moving their hips in a position of hyperflexion, as in leg presses and squats. METHODS: The study group comprised 47 individuals (48 hips) who developed the onset of painful symptoms associated with hip hyperflexion exercises (leg presses or squats) and underwent arthroscopic treatment. The patients were evaluated radiographically and clinically according to the "Harris Hip Score", as modified by Byrd (MHHS), pre and postoperatively, and were asked about their return to sports activities and the surgical findings. RESULTS: The mean preoperative and postoperative MHHS, respectively, were 60 points (SD 11.0, range 38.5 to 92.4) and 95.9 points (SD 7.7, range 63.8 to 100), with an increase of 35.9 points (P < 0.001). Regarding physical activity, 30 individuals (71.5%) resumed sports activities after surgery, and 25 of them (83.4%) at the previous level. Six patients (12.8%) did not resume activities because of persistent pain. During arthroscopy, 48 hips (100%) presented lesions of the acetabular labrum, and 41 hips (85.4%) had acetabular chondral lesions. CONCLUSION: The patients with painful symptoms after hip hyperflexion exercises associated with femoroacetabular impingement presented improvements after arthroscopic treatment.

O diagnóstico das afecções do quadril e da pelve é baseado em história clínica detalhada, exame físico e exames complementares adequados para cada afecção. A radiografia simples ainda constitui o exame inicial de escolha e, diante da sua importância, existe a necessidade da realização de estudos radiográficos padronizados, tanto na sua execução quanto nas séries radiográficas, de acordo com as diferentes afecções. O objetivo deste artigo é propor a padronização das principais incidências radiográficas do quadril e da pelve, realização de séries específicas para diferentes afecções e orientação técnica quanto à realização das mesmas.Diagnoses of hip and pelvis disorders are based on the detailed medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, as appropriate for each condition. Plain radiography is still the initial examination of choice and, because of its importance, there is a need to standardize radiographic studies, both in relation to execution and in radiographic series, according to the different pathological conditions. The aim of this paper was to propose standardization for the main radiographic views of the hip and pelvis, and with regard to performing specific series for different pathological conditions, and to provide technical guidance for achieving these aims.

OBJETIVO: As artroscopias do quadril têm sido utilizadas tanto para fins diagnósticos, como para fins terapêuticos, fazendo parte do arsenal rotineiro dos cirurgiões do quadril. Devido a necessidade de avaliação dos resultados artroscópicos, Byrd propôs a modificação do "Harris Hip Score", realizando a avaliação da dor e função. O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o protocolo de avaliação do "Harris Hip Score" modificado por Byrd, utilizado nas artroscopias do quadril. MÉTODO: O método utilizado constituiu em: 1) tradução inicial, 2) retrotradução, 3) pré - teste e 4) teste definitivo. RESULTADOS: A versão em português foi aplicada em 30 pacientes com afecções do quadril para verificar o nível de compreensão do protocolo. Foram realizadas mudanças e substituições de termos e expressões que não foram entendidas pelos pacientes durante o pré-teste e realizada a versão final em consenso. Novamente a versão final do questionário foi aplicada com 100% de entendimento pelos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: disponibiliza-se assim a versão final em português do questionário "Harris Hip Score" modificado por Byrd. A validação desta versão já está em desenvolvimento.OBJECTIVE: Hip arthroscopy has been used for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes, and it is part of the daily arsenal of hip surgeons. Due to the need for arthroscopic evaluation of the results, Byrd proposed a modification of the Harris Hip Score by assessing pain and function. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the evaluation protocol of the modified Harris Hip Score used in hip arthroscopies. METHOD: The method used consisted of: 1) an initial translation, 2) a back translation, 3) a pre-test and 4) a final test. RESULTS: The Portuguese version was used with 30 patients with hip disorders to determine the level of comprehension of the protocol. Expressions which were not understood by patients during the pre-test were modified or replaced, and the final version was obtained by consensus. The final version of the questionnaire was used once again, with 100% understanding by patients. CONCLUSION: Thus we arrived at the final Portuguese version of the modified Harris Hip Score questionnaire. Verification of the validity of this version is already in progress.

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer diretrizes para o tratamento das fraturas da cabeça femoral e determinar a melhor via de acesso nos casos tratados cirurgicamente. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos os resultados clínicos e radiográficos de 13 pacientes (13 fraturas) tratados cirurgicamente entre maio de 1986 e julho de 1996 no Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (SCMSP), Pavilhão "Fernandinho Simonsen". RESULTADOS: Entre as seis fraturas Pipkin 1, cinco foram submetidas à ressecção do fragmento, o que nos levou a quatro resultados excelentes e um bom, sendo este com fixação do fragmento. Três pacientes apresentaram fraturas Pipkin 2 e todas foram fixadas, observados dois excelentes resultados e um regular. Dois pacientes Pipkin 3 foram submetidos à artroplastia primária. Dos dois pacientes com lesão Pipkin 4, um foi tratado com redução e osteossíntese da fratura do acetábulo, sem abordar o fragmento da cabeça que estava bem reduzido e resultou em artrose precoce, e o outro foi submetido à artroplastia total como tratamento primário. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos após comparação da revisão da literatura com a análise dos nossos casos, que o tratamento da fratura da cabeça femoral deve ser cirúrgico e a escolha da via de acesso vai depender do tipo de fratura.OBJECTIVE: To establish guidelines for the treatment of femoral head fractures and to determine the best form of access in cases treated surgically. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of 13 patients (13 fractures) treated surgically, between May 1986 and July 1996, at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (SCMSP), Fernandinho Simonsen Pavillion. RESULTS: Among six Pipkin 1 fractures, five had resection of the fragment, resulting in four excellent and one good result. The good result had fixation of the fragment. All three Pipkin 2 fractures had fixation of the fragment, resulting in two excellent and one regular result. Two Pipkin 3 patients had primary arthroplasty. Among Two Pipkin 4 patients, one was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the acetabulum, without addressing the head fragment that had reduced significantly, resulting in early arthrosis, and the other patient was treated with primary total hip replacement. CONCLUSION: Upon comparing the literature review and our patients' treatment results, we concluded that the femoral head fracture treatment must be surgical and that the choice surgical access depends on the type of fracture.

OBJETIVO: Realizar avaliação epidemiológica e clínica dos pacientes com fratura desviada do colo femoral, que foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, com artroplastia parcial do quadril cimentada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, de forma retrospectiva, todos os pacientes com fratura desviada do colo do fêmur (Garden III e IV) submetidos à artroplastia parcial do quadril com prótese unipolar (Thompson), cimentada pela via de acesso posterolateral do quadril, no período de junho de 2005 a setembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados, inicialmente, 70 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 83,1 anos. Houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo feminino (84,3%). Houve acompanhamento ambulatorial de 36 pacientes, cujo tempo de seguimento variou de 10 a 48 meses (média de 26,5 meses). Houve perda de seguimento de 15 pacientes. Dezenove pacientes foram a óbito, com uma taxa de mortalidade no primeiro ano de 25,4%. Os pacientes classificados como ASA III apresentaram taxa de 25,7%, enquanto os pacientes ASA II, uma taxa de 12,1%. Dois pacientes apresentaram trombose venosa profunda sintomática; um paciente, infecção do sítio operatório; e nenhum paciente apresentou luxação do quadril. A maioria dos pacientes evoluiu sem dor. Doze pacientes (33%), durante a evolução, apresentaram piora na capacidade de deambulação. CONCLUSÃO: Nenhum caso de luxação do quadril foi observado. Os pacientes classificados como ASA III apresentaram um índice de mortalidade mais elevado, em relação aos pacientes ASA I e II. Houve uma piora da capacidade de deambular em 33% dos pacientes. Não foi necessária revisão de nenhum paciente por soltura ou dor. Trinta pacientes não apresentavam dor (83,3%), quatro apresentavam dor moderada (11,1%) e dois apresentavam dor intensa (5,5%).OBJETIVE: To epidemiologically and clinically evaluate patients with displaced femoral neck fractures that had surgical treatment with cemented hemiarthroplasty. METHODS: We evaluated, retrospectively, all patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (Garden III and IV) that had surgical treatment with cemented partial hip replacement (Thompson), using the posterior approach, from June 2005 to September 2008. RESULTS: We initially evaluated 70 patients. The mean age was 83.1 years. Most of the patients were female (84.3%). Thirty-six patients were monitored for a period ranging from 10 to 48 months (mean follow-up period of 26.5 months). Fifteen patients were lost to follow-up. Nineteen patients died within the first year, with a mortality rate of 25.4%. Patients classified as ASA III had a mortality rate of 25.7% and ASA II patients, a 12.1% rate. Two patients had symptomatic deep vein thrombosis; one patient had a superficial wound infection; no patient had dislocation. Most of the patients did not experience pain. Twelve patients (33%) showed deterioration in their walking ability. CONCLUSION: There was no hip dislocation. Patients classified as ASA III had a higher death rate than ASA I or II. There was a worsening of walking ability in 33% of the patients. No revision was necessary due to loosening or pain. Thirty patients didn't present pain (83.3%), four presented with moderate pain (11.1%), and two presented with intense pain (5.5%).

OBJETIVO: O Harris Hip Score é instrumento de avaliação específica, desenvolvido originalmente para avaliar os resultados da artroplastia total de quadril. O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e adaptar culturalmente este instrumento para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODO: O método de tradução e adaptação cultural do Harris Hip Score envolveu quatro etapas: 1 - tradução inicial; 2 - retrotradução; 3 - apreciação das versões com elaboração da versão de consenso; 4 - pré-teste comentado com elaboração da versão final. RESULTADOS: A versão de consenso foi aplicada em 30 pacientes com afecção do quadril, sendo verificadas dificuldades no entendimento de algumas expressões, as quais foram substituídas por termos de mais fácil entendimento. Na reaplicação do questionário com a nova versão houve entendimento por 100% dos pacientes no que diz respeito ao sentido semântico, idiomático e contextual. CONCLUSÃO: A versão brasileira do Harris Hip Score permitiu a disponibilização de mais este instrumento para avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com afecções do quadril. Há necessidade de um estudo de avaliação da confiabilidade e validade da versão adaptada culturalmente, a qual já está em desenvolvimento.OBJECTIVE: The Harris Hip Score is a specific evaluation tool, originally developed to assess the results of hip arthroplasty. The objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Harris Hip Score for the Portuguese language. METHOD: The method of translating and culturally adapting the Harris Hip Score involved four steps: 1 - initial translation, 2 - back-translation, 3 - evaluation of the pre-final versions with the development of a consensus version, 4 - commented pre-test with development of the final version. RESULTS: The consensus version was applied to thirty patients with hip disorders. Some difficulties were identified in understanding some expressions, which were replaced by more commonly-used expressions. When the questionnaire was re-applied, it was understood by 100% of the patients, in relation to the semantic, idiomatic and conceptual meanings. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Harris Hip Score provides another important tool for assessing quality of life of patients with hip disorders. A further study is currently underway to evaluate the reliability and validity of the culturally adapted version.

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a evolução radiográfica pós-operatória com as variáveis que acompanham as fraturas do acetábulo, a fim de definir o que tem valor preditivo no aparecimento do colapso segmentar da cabeça femoral. MÉTODOS: Realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de redução aberta e fixação interna do acetábulo. Em aproximadamente 35 anos, 596 pacientes foram tratados por fratura do acetábulo; 267 foram acompanhados pelo menos por dois anos. Os demais foram excluídos por não ter sido acompanhados pelo tempo mínimo, não haver dados suficientes no prontuário ou ter sido submetidos a tratamento não operatório. O acompanhamento dos pacientes foi feito por um de três cirurgiões do grupo, utilizando a escala clínica de Merle d'Aubigné e Postel e estudos radiológicos. RESULTADOS: Somente duas variáveis estudadas, idade e qualidade da redução pós-operatória, apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significante com o colapso da cabeça femoral. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade da redução, anatômica ou com desvio residual de até dois milímetros, apresenta evolução radiográfica satisfatória, diminuindo a probabilidade do colapso segmentar da cabeça femoral, achado que tem significância estatística.OBJECTIVE: Correlate the postoperative radiographic evaluation with variables accompanying acetabular fractures in order to determine the predictive factors for segmental impaction of femoral head. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medial files of patients submitted to open reduction surgery with internal acetabular fixation. Within approximately 35 years, 596 patients were treated for acetabular fractures; 267 were followed up for at least two years. The others were excluded either because their follow up was shorter than the minimum time, or as a result of the lack of sufficient data reported on files, or because they had been submitted to non-surgical treatment. The patients were followed up by one of three surgeons of the group using the Merle d'Aubigné and Postel clinical scales as well as radiological studies. RESULTS: Only tow studied variables - age and amount of postoperative reduction- showed statistically significant correlation with femoral head impaction. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of reduction - anatomical or with up to 2mm residual deviation - presents a good radiographic evolution, reducing the potential for segmental impaction of the femoral head, a statistically significant finding.

OBJETIVO: Confirmar a importância terapêutica da artroscopia do quadril em atletas cuja dor impede a função desportiva da articulação do quadril, sendo capaz de minimizá-la a ponto de ajudar o retorno à atividade esportiva em níveis satisfatórios. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 49 pacientes que praticam esporte (51 quadris), submetidos à artroscopia do quadril que apresentavam dor e incapacidade para a prática esportiva. O seguimento mínimo foi de 12 meses e o máximo de 74 meses (média de 39,0 meses). No período pré-operatório avaliou-se a localização da dor, sua intensidade segundo a Escala de Expressão Facial (EEF) e o grau de incapacidade utilizando-se o critério de Harris Hip Score modificado (HHS). Anotaram-se diferentes diagnósticos que levaram à indicação da artroscopia, como impacto femoroacetabular, lesão do lábio acetabular não secundária ao impacto femoroacetabular e outros. No período pós-operatório, os pacientes foram avaliados pelos mesmos métodos do período pré-operatório e pela análise subjetiva de retorno ao esporte. RESULTADOS: Baseando-se no HHS e EEF pré e pós-operatórios, a análise estatística mostrou significância entre os valores. Observou-se alguma melhora em todos os casos e retorno ao esporte, de forma satisfatória, na maioria deles. CONCLUSÃO: Diante do que foi estudado, confirmamos que a artroscopia em atletas com lesões localizadas no quadril é técnica eficaz, capaz de promover o retorno à prática esportiva na maioria dos casos, sem dor e com função articular efetiva, desde que bem indicada.OBJECTIVE: To confirm the therapeutic importance of hip arthroplasty in athletes whose pain precludes sportive function of the hip joint, being able to minimize it to the extent of helping on the return of sports practice at satisfactory levels. METHODS: 49 athlete patients (51 hips) submitted to hip arthroscopy complaining of pain and inability to practice sports were assessed. Follow-up time ranged from 12 to 74 months (mean: 39.0 months). Preoperatively, pain site, severity according to Facial Expression Scale (FES) and the degree of disability using the modified Harris Hip Score (HHS) were assessed. Different diagnoses were provided, which led to the indication of arthroscopy, such as femoral-acetabular impact, acetabular lip injury not secondary to femoral-acetabular impact, etc. Postoperatively, the patients were assessed by using the same methods as used at baseline and by the subjective analysis of return to sports activities. RESULTS: Based on pre-and postoperative HHS and FES, the statistical analysis showed significance between values. We found some improvement in all cases and return to sports activities at a satisfactory level in most of the cases. CONCLUSION: As a result of our study, we confirm that arthroscopy in athletes with local hip injuries is an effective technique, able to promote the return to sports practice in most of the cases, without pain, and with an effective joint function, provided well indicated.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características da distribuição desses por um Banco de Tecidos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Base de dados do Banco de Tecidos entre setembro de 2006 e junho de 2008. Características dos receptores foram tabuladas. Os tipos de tecidos processados foram: cabeças femorais, osso metafisio-epifisário, osso cortical, ossos curtos ou chatos e tendões. O destino dos enxertos foi analisado. Frequências das distribuições foram obtidas e analisadas. RESULTADOS: Foram distribuídas 734 unidades tecidos fresco-congelados, transplantadas em 683 receptores. Doadores de múltiplos órgãos originaram 97,9% dos tecidos e doadores vivos os demais. Foram transplantados 489 unidades de osso córtico-esponjoso, 137 de osso metafisio-epifisário, 44 de osso chato ou curto, 3 de tendão, 29 de osso particulado e 32 de cabeças femorais. A média de idade dos receptores foi 50,3 anos, sendo 59,5% do sexo feminino e 40,5% do masculino. Os tecidos foram destinados para uso ortopédico em 21,1% dos casos e buco-maxilo-facial, em 78,9%. CONCLUSÃO: O Banco de Tecidos aumentou o número de distribuições em resposta à demanda crescente de tecidos, principalmente para uso em cirurgia buco-maxilo-facial.OBJECTIVE: Is to evaluate the characteristics of the distribution of these grafts by a Tissue Bank in Brazil. METHODS: Tissue Bank database from September 2006 to June 2008. The characteristics of the recipients were drawn up in the table form. The types of tissue processed were: femoral heads, metaphyseal-epiphyseal bone, cortical bone, flat or short bones and tendons. The intended purpose of the grafts was analyzed, and distribution frequencies were also obtained and analyzed. RESULTS: Altogether, 734 units of fresh-frozen tissue were distributed and transplanted into 683 recipients. In terms of origin of the tissues, 97.9% came from multiple organ donors, and the remainder from living donors. A total of 489 units of cortical bone were transplanted, 137 of metaphyseal-epiphyseal bone, 44 of short or flat bones, 3 of tendon, 29 of particulate bone and 32 femoral heads. The mean age of the recipients was 50.3 years; 59.5% were women and 40.5% men. The tissues were used in orthopedic surgeries in 21.1% of the cases, and in oral and maxillofacial procedures in 78.9%. CONCLUSION: The Tissue Bank has increased the number of distributions in response to the growing demand for tissues, particularly for use in oral and maxillofacial procedures.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os resultados obtidos no tratamento da osteocondromatose no quadril pela via artroscópica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados seis pacientes submetidos à artroscopia do quadril por osteocondromatose sinovial, quanto à função e dor nos períodos pré e pós-operatórios. O tempo de queixa pré-operatória variou de nove a 48 meses, média de 28,2 meses e o seguimento variou de oito a 25 meses, média de 17,1 meses. A idade média foi de 45,1 anos, quatro pacientes (66,6%) eram do sexo feminino e o lado direito foi acometido em cinco casos (83,3%). RESULTADOS: Quanto aos resultados pelos critérios de Harris modificados por Byrd, a pontuação evoluiu de média de 54,1 para 90,4 pontos e a escala de expressões faciais para quantificação da dor variou de média de 1,7 ponto para 5,1 pontos. CONCLUSÃO: A artroscopia é boa alternativa para o tratamento da osteocondromatose no quadril, apesar de ser necessário maior tempo de seguimento para afirmar isso categoricamente. Os resultados observados até então são animadores. Trata-se de procedimento pouco invasivo e que permite boa recuperação.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to show the results achieved in the treatment of hip osteochondromatosis by arthroscopy. METHODS: Six patients submitted to hip arthroscopy for synovial osteochondromatosis have been assessed for pre- and postoperative function and pain. The time of preoperative complaint ranged from nine to 48 months, in an average of 28.2 months and the follow-up ranged from eight to 25 months (mean: 17.1 months). Mean age was 45.1 years, with four female patients (66.6%) and the right side affected in five cases (83.3%). RESULTS: Concerning the results according to Byrd-modified Harris' criteria, the mean score evolved from 54.1 to 90.4, and the mean score on the face expressions scale for pain assessment ranged from 1.7 to 5.1. CONCLUSION: arthroscopy is a good alternative for hip osteochondromatosis treatment, although longer follow-up times are required to strictly stating this. The results found so far are encouraging, constituting a little-invasive procedure allowing good recovery.

Abstract Objective This paper aims to compare clinical and radiographic features of symptomatic and asymptomatic hips in patients with unilateral femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and to establish a correlation between these findings. Methods This is a retrospective study, based on medical records of patients diagnosed with FAIS between January 2014 and April 2017. The patients were assessed clinically as per the International Hip Outcome Tool 33 (iHOT33) questionnaire, visual analogue pain scale, hip rotation, and hip and knee muscular strength. The radiographic evaluation consisted of measurements of the alpha angle, crossover signal, acetabular retroversion index, ischial spine signal, and posterior wall sign. Results A total of 45 patients were included in the study, with mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis of 28.6 months and mean iHOT33 score was 39.9. The mean medial rotation was 20.5º in symptomatic hip and 27.2º in asymptomatic hip (p < 0.001). The crossover signal was positive on 68.9% of the symptomatic hips and 55.6% of the asymptomatic hips (p = 0.03). The mean retroversion index was 0.15 in symptomatic hips and 0.11 in asymptomatic hips (p = 0.02). There was a positive correlation between the total time of symptoms and medial hip rotation reduction (p = 0.04) and between body mass index (BMI) and medial hip rotation reduction (p = 0.02). Conclusion When comparing clinical and radiographic features, we observed reduction of medial rotation and increase of acetabular retroversion index in the symptomatic hip, as well as association between the long symptom time and the high BMI with loss of medial rotation of the hips.

Abstract With the aging of the population, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of hip fractures, with high mortality rates, sequelae and expenses. Understanding the fracture profile and classifying it correctly is critical to define the appropriate treatment. Several radiographic classifications have been developed for transtrochanteric fractures, such as Tronzo, Evans-Jensen, AO and Boyd-Griffin, but their reproducibility is not always satisfactory. The present review aimedto elucidatewhether the addition of computed tomography (CT) implies a greater reproducibility than simple radiography in the classification of transtrochanteric fractures, andwhether this is a better examination to identify the fracture trait. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo and Cochrane databases between July 2016 and June 2017, limited to the last 15 years. All retrospective, prospective and systematic reviews articles published in the English language, with evaluation of men and/or women, were considered for review. We have excluded case reports, studies that evaluated tomography or radiographs in isolation, and duplicate studies. The research presented 112 articles, of which 5 contemplated the proposed criteria. Reproducibility for the classification of transtrochanteric fractures presented variable results and was influenced by factors such as the type of classification, the use of the simplified or complete classification, the specialty of the evaluator, his experience, and themethodology proposed by the works. There are indications that there is benefit for the use of CT, especially for fractures considered unstable, but its use as a tool to ensure better reproducibility (intraand interobserver) remains controversial and needs further studies.

Abstract Objective The purpose of the present paper is to compare the equivalence of the measurement of the alpha angle using the Ducroquet and cross-table lateral views. Methods We have recruited 90 patients, resulting in 95 hips. We have standardized the realization of the radiographic views. The incidence of the lateral cross-table views were takenwith 15° of internal rotation with the patient in the supine position, and the incidence of the Ducroquet viewswas standardizedwith the patient in the supine position,with 90° of flexion and 45° of abduction of the hip. The alpha angle wasmeasured in both lateral views, by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The measurements were performed in 2 different times: an initial evaluation andanother 4weeks afterwards. The t Student test was usedand calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results We have found a good intraobserver correlation for both views in different times; there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements performed by the two views. However, the interobserver correlation was low. Conclusion In conclusion, the Ducroquet profile view is a good choice for the α angle measurement and can be used instead of the cross-table view.

Abstract In the last 15 years, the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement has become more frequent; with the advance of surgical indications, different techniques have been developed. Surgical treatment includes a wide variety of options, namely: periacetabular osteotomy, surgical hip dislocation, arthroscopy with osteochondroplasty via a small incision, modified anterior approach technique, and exclusively arthroscopic technique. The type of approach should be chosen according to the complexity of the morphology of the femoroacetabular impingement and to the surgeon's training. The techniques most used today are arthroscopy, surgical dislocation of the hip, and periacetabular osteotomy. The present article aims to describe the current main surgical techniques used to treat femoroacetabular impingement, their indications, advantages and disadvantages, complications and clinical results.

Abstract The clinical diagnosis of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) continues to evolve as the understanding of normal and pathological hips progresses. Femoral acetabular impingement is currently defined as a syndrome in which the diagnosis consists of the combination of a previously-obtained comprehensive clinical history, followed by a consistent and standardized physical examination with specific orthopedic maneuvers. Additionally, radiographic and tomographic examinations are used for the morphological evaluation of the hip, and to ascertain the existence of sequelae of childhood hip diseases and the presence of osteoarthritis. The understanding of the femoral and acetabular morphologies and versions associated with images of labral and osteochondral lesions obtained through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contributes to the confirmation of this syndrome in symptomatic patients, and helps in the exclusion of differential diagnoses such as iliopsoas tendon snaps, subspine impingement, ischiofemoral impingement, and other hip joint pathologies.