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The oxidation of quinine using hydrogen peroxide yielded quinine N-oxide as a major product. The reaction can be accelerated in the presence of palladium chloride (PdCl2) as catalyst. The trace products, however, were identified as the further oxidation products at quinoline moiety producing N-Oxide as a major product and the secondary alcohol at C-9 producing the ketone, furthermore the alkene translocation product. The trace products were successfully isolated and characterized by NMR protons and carbons. Purification of the product was performed by column chromatography.

Three new pyranoxanthones, calotetrapterins A-C (1-3) were isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum tetrapterum Miq along with three known xanthones, α-mangostin (4), garciniafuran (5), and pyranojacareubin (6). All structures were elucidated based on their IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1 D (1H, 13C) and 2 D (HMBC, HMQC) NMR spectral data. Compounds 1-6 were tested to P-388 cells for cytotoxic activity, compound 2 exhibited high activity with IC50 value 1.0 μM.

Sektor kelautan dan perikanan merupakan salah satu sumber andalan dalam produksi pembangunan perikanan di Indonesia. Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan utama dalam menunjang produksi pendapatan devisa non migas. Untuk mencapai target produksi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, berbagai permasalahan menghambat upaya peningkatan produksi tersebut, antara lain kegagalan produksi akibat penyakit oleh bakteri Vibrio, sehingga penyakit ini dikenal sebagai ‘vibriosis’. Salah satu pencarian senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri adalah dengan cara melakukan penapisan terhadap senyawa-senyawa alam. Salah satu sumber senyawa alam adalah dari tumbuhan Tephrosia vogelii . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengisolasi senyawa dari tumbuhan T. vogelii sebagai sumber senyawa antibakteri terhadap dua bakteri Vibrio yaitu Vibrio alginolitycus dan Vibrio harveyi. Bahan ekstrak dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut aseton, sementara uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar secara in vitro . Deguelin dan tefrosin kemudian diisolasi dari ekstrak aseton daun T. vogelii. dengan metode difusi agar senyawa deguelin memberikan nilai inhibisi 6,3 mm terhadap V. harveyi dan 6,2 mm terhadap V alginolitycus . Sedangkan tefrosin memberikan nilai inhibisi 6,3 mm terhadap V. harveyi dan 6,6 mm terhadap V alginolitycus . Ini adalah evaluasi antibakteri pertama dari deguelin dan tefrosin terhadap dua bakteri yang diuji.

A new farnesylated flavonol (4′- O -methylmacagigantin) and a new geranylated stilbene (macatrichocarpin H), together with eight known phenolic compounds, have been isolated from the leaves of Macaranga trichocarpa . Structures of these compounds were determined based on NMR and mass spectrroscopic data. Cytotoxic properties of the isolated compounds were tested against P-388 cells showing that mactrichocarpin G was the most active compound with IC 50 was 3.5 μM.

A new phenolic sesquiterpene, dysoxyphenol (1), and the known sesquiterpene, 7R,10S-2-hydroxycalamenene (2), were isolated from the acetone extract of Dysoxylum densiflorum seeds. The structures of these compounds were determined based on physical, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and mass spectral data. Both compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties against seven pathogenic bacteria and two wood-rotting fungi, respectively. The results showed that both compounds have significant antibacterial properties only against Bacillus subtilis (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 28 μM), while in the antifungal evaluation compound 1 was found to be more active than compound 2. Therefore, compound 1 has promising antifungal properties that can be developed further for finding new antifungal agents.

A new flavanone, epoxynymphaeol C ( 1 ), was isolated from the acetone extract of the leaves of Macaranga tanarius , together with two known compounds, nymphaeols B ( 2 ) and C ( 3 ). The structure of the new compound was determined by NMR and mass spectral data. Chemotaxonomic significance for the presence of the flavanone derivatives in M. tanarius is discussed.

Two new isoprenylated benzofuran 3-ones, airlanggin A (1) and B (2) along with two known xanthones, ananixanthone (3) and trapezifolixanthone (4) were isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum soulattri. Structures of all the compounds were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1–4 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against P-388 cells, showing that compound 3 was the most active with IC50 0.68 μg/mL and compound 1 showed moderate activity with IC50 5.80 μg/mL.

Cinchona alkaloids are one of abundant natural chiral pool for organocatalysts. The application of an N-oxide group containing molecule in asymmetric reaction is currently wide developed. The structure of quinine consist two amine groups that could be oxidized to the N-oxide groups at N-1’ of quinoline and at N-1 of quinuclidine moieties. The oxidation reaction took place selectively at quinuclidine moiety by controlling the concentration of oxidizing agents. In this study we showed that N-1-oxide quinine could be occurred chemo­selectively by using a low concentration of ozone thana palladium catalyzed oxidation. The structure of products N1-oxide quinine was elucidated by spectroscopy data including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, infra-red and mass spectrometry. The developed method is a chemoselectively and eco-friendly method for synthesis N1-oxide quinine.

Three new prenylated 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes, macajavanicins A (Ia), macajavanicins B (Ib), and macajavanicins C (II) are isolated from the acetone extract of Macaranga javanica leaves along with two known prenylated dihydrostilenes, laevifolins A and B.

A new oligostilbenoid, diptoindonesin C, has been isolated from the tree bark of Shorea pinanga Scheff., along with the two known oligostilbenoids gnetin H and hopeaphenol, and a known coumarin scopoletin. The new oligostilbenoid was moderately active against brine shrimps Artemia salina.

Two new prenylated flavones, artoindonesianins Z-1 (1) and Z-2 (2), together with two other known prenylated flavones, artobiloxantone (3) and cycloartobiloxanthone (4), had been isolated and identified from the chloroform extract of the tree bark of Artocarpus lanceifolius. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, 1-D and 2-D NMR, and mass spectra. The significance of the presence of the isolated compounds to the chemotaxonomy of Artocarpus is briefly discussed.

A new flavanone, 7-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxyflavanone (1), together with three other flavonoids, didymocarpin (2), 2′,4′-dihydroxy-5′,6′-dimethoxychalcone (3), and isodidymocarpin (4), had been isolated from the methanol extract of the tree bark of Cryptocarya costata. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectral evidence, including UV, IR, 1-D and 2-D NMR, and mass spectra. Cytotoxic properties of compounds 1-4 were evaluated against murine leukemia P-388 cells. The chalcones 3 and 4 were found to have substantial cytotoxicity with IC50 of 5.7 and 11.1 μᴍ, respectively.

A hybrid of eugenol and a chalcone has been synthesized in good yield via cross olefin metathesis. The title compound (3) was characterized by spectroscopic data including NMR, infrared, and ESI-MS.

A new pyrone derivative, malakavalactone (2), was isolated from the acetone extract of Alpinia malaccensis fruits, along with a known compound kavalactone (1). The structure of the new compound was determined based on NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antibacterial activities against eight pathogenic bacteria.

This paper reports the chemical isolation and antibacterial properties of terpenoid components of Dysoxylum densiflorum. Three new tetracyclic triterpenoic acids, densiflorinic acids A-C (1-3), were isolated from the acetone extract of the plant's leaves. The structures of the three compounds were determined mainly by extensive analysis of 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopic data. On antibacterial evaluation, the highest activity was shown by compound 1 against Bacillus subtilis with an IC50 of 26.5 μM.

An anthraquinone derivative, 1-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)anthracene-9,10-dione (4), has been synthesized in two steps from benzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and prenylbromide.

A new farnesylated flavonol derivative, macagigantin (1), together with two known flavonoids, glyasperin A (2) and apigenin (3), had been isolated from the acetone extract of the leaves of Macaranga gigantea. The structure of the new compound was elucidated as 6-farnesylkaempferol based on its spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-EI-MS spectra. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against P-388 cells, their IC(50) values being 11.3, 6.0, and 5.1 microM, respectively.

A new oxepinoflavone, artoindonesianin E1 (1), was isolated from the wood of Artocarpus elasticus, along with four known prenylated flavones: artocarpin (2), cycloartocarpin (3), cudraflavones A (4) and C (5). The structure of the new compound was identified by spectroscopic methods. Upon cytotoxic evaluation against murine leukemia P-388 cells, the new compound showed IC(50) 5.0 microg/mL.

Two new (1and 2) and one known (3) sesquiterpene bis-butenolides have been isolated from the aerial parts of Eremophila homoplastica (Myoporaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic studies and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography of one (2) of the new compounds. Spectroscopic evidence for the structure of a new related sesquiterpene butenolide (4) from E. forrestii is presented. The isolation of the phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside and poliumoside, from E. forrestii is noted.

A summary of results obtained in the study of natural products isolated from a Moraceae species Artocarpus champeden is presented. The various classes of 3-prenylflavonoids isolated and the biogenetical correlation between the metabolites are discussed. Some of the flavonoids exhibited strong cytotoxicity against murine leukemia P388 cell lines, suggesting that flavonoids derived from moraceous plants represent a plausible unexplored resource of novel antitumor leads.

Two geranylated and methylated flavonol derivatives, macarhizinoidins A (1) and B (2), along with a known phenolic compound methyl 4-isoprenyloxycinnamate (3), have been isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves M. rhizinoides. The structures of these compounds were identified based on their spectroscopic data. On cytotoxic evaluation against murine leukemia P-388 cells, compounds 1-2 showed IC50 values of 11.4 and 13.9 μM, respectively, while compound 3 was inactive.

A stilbene and two flavonoid derivatives, macapruinosins A-C (1-3), together with two known flavonoids, papyriflavonol A and nymphaeol C, have been isolated from the acetone extract of the leaves of Macaranga pruinosa. The structures of these compounds were identified based on spectral data analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of natural compounds containing an irregular sesquiterpenyl side chain with a cyclobutane skeleton.

A new 2-arylbenzofuran derivative (diptoindonesin G) (1), along with nine known oligostilbenes, have been isolated and identified from the acetone extract of the tree bark of Hopea mengarawan. The structures of these compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data, including 2D NMR and HREIMS spectra. On cytotoxic evaluation of the isolated compounds against murin leukemia P-388 cells, compound 1 was the strongest in inhibiting the growth of the cells.

The first example of a new class of tricyclic diterpenes together with two new viscidanes have been isolated from a variety ofEremophila georgei. The structures of the viscidane compounds were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and comparison with model compounds. The structure and relative stereochemistry of the lactone (2), which represents a new diterpene skeleton, were established by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. The derivation of (2) from a viscidane is suggested.