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Airborne respirable crystalline silica (RCS) has been a widely recognized hazard in the United States for nearly 100 years, yet it continues to pose a risk to construction tradespersons, among others. RCS exposures vary widely depending on site conditions and tools and materials used. The proper use of engineering, administrative, and personal protective equipment (PPE) controls can effectively reduce exposure to RCS. Historically, others have reviewed available RCS exposure data among construction trades and reported that there were considerable data gaps and variability that needed to be addressed. This current assessment aimed to synthesize available peer-reviewed exposure studies to determine potential RCS exposures during the use of common construction materials and evaluate to what extent data gaps and variability persist. Twenty-eight studies were identified that reported RCS exposure during construction tasks. After conversion to the unit of µg/m3, reported measurements from samples collected for varying durations ranged from 6.0 to 75,500 µg/m3 for work with concrete, 80 to 4,240 µg/m3 for work with brick, <59 to 10,900 µg/m3 for work with mortar, 90 to 44,370 µg/m3 for work with engineered stone, and 70 to 380 µg/m3 for work with roof tile. To better facilitate pooling data across studies, future researchers should report their sample duration, clarify how time-weighted average (TWA) exposure data are calculated, report the silica content of the material being manipulated, and specify whether samples were collected while the task was performed in isolation or on a worksite where other silica-containing materials were also actively handled. When reporting results as respirable quartz, it is important to note whether any other polymorphic forms of silica were detected. It is ultimately the employer's responsibility to train employees and monitor and control RCS exposures on construction worksites. To do this effectively, it is important to have a clear understanding of the tasks, materials, and site conditions where intervention is most urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case of airborne occupational sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis from streptomycin, with cross-reactivity to tobramycin, in a 44-year-old female working in a pharmaceutical company. Despite wearing protective gear, the patient experienced skin problems after handling streptomycin powder, which improved after avoiding contact with the substances. Patch tests confirmed the allergic reactions, highlighting the importance of considering cross-reactivity between aminoglycoside antibiotics. The authors recommend avoiding direct and indirect contact with streptomycin and tobramycin to prevent further symptoms. [Extracted from the article]

The patient had handled different tea blends since 2013: the tea was packed in 1 or 3 kg bags on arrival to the shop and manually replaced in tea caddies, causing some release of tea dust. Keywords: airborne; allergic contact dermatitis; Camellia sinensis; case report; catechins; contact urticaria; epigallocatechin; gallic acid derivatives; histamine release test; occupational EN airborne allergic contact dermatitis Camellia sinensis case report catechins contact urticaria epigallocatechin gallic acid derivatives histamine release test occupational 134 136 3 01/20/22 20220201 NES 220201 Tea, the hot water infusion of the young buds and leaves of I Camellia sinensis i (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae), is the most widely consumed of produced beverages in the world. Airborne, allergic contact dermatitis, Camellia sinensis, case report, catechins, contact urticaria, epigallocatechin, gallic acid derivatives, histamine release test, occupational. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Health‐care workers (HCWs) and professionals working in the pharmaceutical industry are at risk of developing occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) from systemic drugs (or drug intermediates). Objectives: To study demographic characteristics and identify systemic drugs responsible for OACD in patients investigated for contact allergy during the period 2001‐2019. Methods: In the study period, 9780 patients were patch tested with the European baseline series, sometimes with additional series, and other relevant potential allergens. All patients with a positive patch‐test reaction to systemic medication exposed to at work were included for further analysis. Results: Of 1248 HCWs examined in our clinic, 201 suffered from OACD. In 26 (13%) dermatitis was caused by skin contact with a systemic drug: 19 nurses, five chemists working in the pharmaceutical industry, one physician, and one veterinarian. In total, 45 positive patch‐test reactions to 20 different systemic drugs were found, with tetrazepam (n = 11), ranitidine hydrochloride (n = 5), and zolpidem (n = 4) being the most frequent. Three pharmaceutical chemists were sensitized to a drug intermediate. The lesions were mostly localized on the hands, but often also on the face, as airborne dermatitis. Conclusion: As much as 13% of OACD in HCWs, diagnosed in our tertiary referral center, was attributable to systemic drugs, most frequently in nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: airborne; allergic contact dermatitis; biocides; case report; eyelid; face; hand; isothiazolinone; occupational; patch test; periorbital EN airborne allergic contact dermatitis biocides case report eyelid face hand isothiazolinone occupational patch test periorbital 43 45 3 06/19/20 20200701 NES 200701 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI, commonly used antimicrobial preservatives in daily life and industrial products, are well-known to cause mainly non-occupational or occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or airborne ACD.[1] Occurrence of different clinical pictures in the same patient has rarely been reported.[2] Herein, we present another rare case of a patient who developed all of the aforementioned combinations of MCI/MI allergy over a long period. DISCUSSION Concomitant or sequential occupational and nonoccupational ACD and airborne ACD were diagnosed in the same patient from various products containing MCI/MI over a long period of 16 years according to history, clinical and patch test findings, and reading of the available product labels (Table). Airborne, allergic contact dermatitis, biocides, case report, eyelid, face, hand, isothiazolinone, occupational, patch test, periorbital. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a case study of male with monomorphous, symmetrical, erythematous papules which started on the dorsa of hands and to the whole body, which was recommended for patch test. Test revealed positive reaction of tin, and topical methylprednisolone aceponate was prescribed, and the patient was advised to change his working conditions and clinically improved.

The article presents a case study of 37-year-old baker who developed severe eczema on the neck and the face along with swelling on his eyelids. It talks about the patient being diagnosed with Cinnamon induced airborne allergic contact dermatitis after baking cookies and cakes for many years. It tells about the patient initially experiencing eruptions on the face, lesions and eczema on the hands.

A case study is presented of two male patients, aged 53 years and 58 years, suffering severe dermatitis of the eyelids, lips, and nose along with eczema on the neck. It states both patients worked as laborers in a factory producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films after the composition of the powders changed. It mentions patch tests found that N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzenesulfonamide (HPBS), an intermediate used in production of PET films, was responsible for the allergic contact dermatitis.

The article presents case studies of 37-year-old female and 59-year-old female who were diagnosed with contact dermatitis developed due to Eucalyptus species. It mentions that flowers such as chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum cultivars), tulips (Tulipa cultivars), and Peruvian lilies (Alstroemeria cultivars) are frequent and potent plant sensitizers. It presents information on constituent of eucalyptus oil.

Moreover, the PHMB-containing skin care product may have contributed to the hand dermatitis.8 However, the strong relapse with facial dermatitis after avoidance of most other potential allergen sources points towards the rubber additives as major cause of ACD. Occupational contact dermatitis in mechanics and repairers referred for patch testing: retrospective analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group 1998-2014. Keywords: airborne; allergic contact dermatitis; case report; N-dimethyl-1,3 butyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine; N-isopropyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine; occupational; polyhexamethylene biguanide; rubber; thiuram; tyre EN airborne allergic contact dermatitis case report N-dimethyl-1,3 butyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine N-isopropyl-N'-phenylparaphenylenediamine occupational polyhexamethylene biguanide rubber thiuram tyre 588 589 2 10/22/21 20211101 NES 211101 Car mechanics are exposed to various contact allergens at work.1,2 Here, we present the case of a car mechanic with partially airborne allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to rubber additives. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents case study of a 34-year-old female and a 44-year-old man who were involved in cleaning liquid resin prints with isopropanol in the same three-dimensional printing company. It mentions that the first patient has experienced the development of erythematous non-follicular papules, pustules, and vesicles on the wrist, hands, and forearms, and the second patient experienced erythematous itchy lesions on the backs of the hands.

Background The rate of contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis caused by methylisothiazolinone ( MI) is dramatically increasing throughout Europe. Objectives To report on methylchloroisothiazolinone ( MCI)/ MI and MI allergy in Belgium. Patients and methods Between January 2010 and December 2012, the medical charts of 6599 patients of the Belgian Contact and Environmental Dermatitis Group were retrospectively reviewed for MCI/ MI and MI sensitization by use of a standardized questionnaire. Available data on sensitization in 2081 patients tested in 2013 were also included. Results In 2012, the sensitization rate for MCI/ MI had increased to 4.5% and that for MI to 6.0%; the latter showed a further increase to 7.2% in 2013. The people mainly affected were women with a median age of 49 years with hand and/or facial dermatitis, most often resulting from the use of cosmetics. Simultaneous reactions to octylisothiazolinone were observed. Conclusion A dramatic increase in the rate of contact allergy caused by MI in cosmetics is occurring in Belgium. Notwithstanding the recent recommendation to discontinue the use of MI in leave-on cosmetics, safer use concentrations should also be determined for rinse-off products. Close monitoring of MI sensitization in the near future will be necessary, and the highest test concentrations reported for MI and MCI/ MI should be included in the baseline series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Healthcare workers (or relatives) crushing drug tablets for patients with difficulties in swallowing are at risk of developing sensitization via airborne exposure. Tetrazepam, in particular, is increasingly being described as an important occupational allergen in this regard, although other drugs are also involved. Objectives To identify the allergenic culprits in 4 patients, namely 2 nurses, 1 pharmacy assistant, and 1 spouse, who all regularly crushed tablets of systemic drugs and presented with severe airborne dermatitis. Methods The patients were patch tested with all of the drugs that they handled, as well as with potential cross-sensitizing molecules. Results All 4 patients reacted to tetrazepam and other benzodiazepines, some of which they had not previously come into contact with, which favours cross-reactivity rather than concomitant sensitization. These patients also had positive reactions to several other non-structurally related drugs for which, in some cases, there was no history of exposure. Conclusions Subjects having to crush drugs, in either an occupational or a non-occupational context, and who present with dermatitis suspected of being airborne-induced, should be patch tested with all contacted medicaments, as well as with possible cross-reacting molecules. Prevention by the use of crushing devices and protective measures (gloves and masks) when medications are handled should be advised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 24-year-old man with neck and arm rashes. Tests revealed that the most common allergen was trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) which led to dermatitis. The patient did not have any burning sensation during patch testing with TFA. He was asked not to use products containing phenoxyethanol or benzyl alcohol.

Background. Reviews on irritant and allergic airborne contact dermatitis have been previously reported in the literature. Materials and methods. Here, we present an update based on recently published airborne-induced skin reactions. For this survey, we screened the journals Contact Dermatitis, Dermatitis, and included relevant articles from other journals during the period January 2007 to December 2011. We also present the airborne cases observed in our department during the same time period. Results. This survey provides an updated list of causal agents that have produced airborne allergic contact dermatitis, and briefly mentions some other types of skin reaction induced by airborne exposure. The sources of the reactions are multiple: drugs; plants, natural resins, and wood allergens; plastics, rubbers, and glues; preservatives and other chemicals; and metals. Conclusions. Airborne contact dermatitis is frequent, and most of the airborne allergens (and irritants) identified are in occupational settings. Drugs and preservatives have recently become more important causes. Dermatologists and occupational physicians need to be aware of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case studies on occupational allergic contact dermatitis induced by rhodium solutions. It says that a 45-year-old woman and a 34-year-old non-atopic man, who were employed in a metal refinery and a jewellery industry respectively, have presented themselves with airborne dermatitis. It states that their job involves the handling and operating of various metals, including rhodium. Moreover, it was suggested that rhodium as a salt, not as a metal, may cause adverse effects.

Background: A few cases on primary sensitization by, and occupational contact dermatitis from, methylisothiazolinone in paints and glues have been published. In cosmetics, methylisothiazoline (MI) is permitted in a concentration of 100 p.p.m., while 15 p.p.m. for the mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazoline (MCI/MI). Objectives: To present cases of sensitization to, and allergic contact dermatitis from, cosmetic products containing methylisothiazolinone only. Patients, Materials, and Methods: Seven patients with suspected contact dermatitis – six of them with (peri-)anal lesions and one with facial dermatitis – were patch tested with the baseline series, the own products exposed to, cosmetic ingredients, as well as with methylisothiazolinone 1000 p.p.m. and MCI/MI 200 p.p.m. Results: The patients with anal lesions had become sensitized by wipes for intimate hygiene, and one patient with facial dermatitis by a make-up remover, all containing methylisothiazolinone only. Three out of seven cases would have been missed if only MCI/MI 100 p.p.m., as present in the baseline series, had been tested. Conclusion: The inclusion of methylisothiazolinone as a preservative in cosmetics might not represent the solution to the problem of allergic contact dermatitis from isothiazolinones, since it leads to primary sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tetrazepam is a muscle relaxant belonging to the benzodiazepine group. Drug eruptions following ingestion of tetrazepam tablets are well known. Objective: To draw the attention to occupational airborne dermatitis and/or hand dermatitis in nurses resulting from crushing of tablets for elderly or disabled people. Methods: Since 2003, 16 nurses with facial (eyelid) and/or hand dermatitis, suspected to be of occupational origin, were patch tested with the medication they handled during work. Results: Ten nurses presented with a positive patch test reaction to tablets containing tetrazepam, 14 controls remaining negative. Some of them also reacted to other drugs. Conclusion: Occupational airborne and/or hand contact dermatitis from tetrazepam might be much more common than suspected by dermatologists, particularly in view of the short period in which all cases have been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are very few reports of airborne allergic contact dermatitis from methacrylates. Objectives: To report a dental nurse with facial eczema supposedly caused by airborne methacrylates present in the work environment. Methods: Patch testing with serial dilutions of several methacrylates and work provocations in environments containing methacrylates was performed. Results: Patch testing with serial dilutions of several methacrylates disclosed a high patch test reactivity. Repeated provocations when working with methacrylates resulted in facial eczema that resolved out of work. Attempts to collect the sensitizers using air pumps for the collection of vapors and filters for the collection of air-born aerosols failed. Conclusions: The clinical presentation was that of a facial dermatitis due to airborne exposure to methacrylates. It seems likely that 1 or several of these allergens caused the dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on airborne dermatoses are mainly published in the context of occupational settings. Hence, in recent years, dermatologists and also occupational physicians have become increasingly aware of the airborne source of contact dermatitis, resulting mainly from exposure to irritants or allergens. However, their occurrence is still underestimated, because reports often omit the term ‘airborne’ in relation to dust or volatile allergens. For the present update, we screened the journals ‘Contact Dermatitis’ (July 2000 to December 2006); ‘Dermatitis’, formerly named ‘American Journal of Contact Dermatitis’; ‘La Lettre du Gerda’ (January 2000 to December 2006); and also included relevant articles from other journals published during the same period. This resulted in an updated list of airborne dermatitis causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the case of a female assistant nurse that have recurrent urticaria-like lesions in her face, neck and arms that occurred at work. The patient acquired an airborne occupational contact dermatitis caused by the budesonide. Moreover, it could be elicited extremely low doses of contact allergen.

After the start of heroin (diacetylmorphine)-assisted treatment to a selected group of chronic treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients in the Netherlands, we reported about work-related eczema and positive patch tests to heroin in some nurses and nasal and respiratory complaints. To investigate the prevalence of heroin contact allergy, we started a questionnaire-based study with follow-up by allergological examinations. Of 120 questionnaires sent, 101 (84%) was returned: 67 from nurses and 34 from other employees. Of 101 workers, 38 (38%) had reported work-related complaints: 33 of 67 (49%) nurses and 5 of 34 (15%) other employees. Patch tests to heroin were performed in 24 nurses and were positive in 8 (33%). All the 8 had eyelid or facial eczema and, in 6, accompanied by mucosal or respiratory complaints. The prevalence of heroin contact allergy in this study was 8% (8/101) among all employees and 12% (8/67) among nurses. Respiratory and mucosal complaints could not be ascribed to a contact allergy, and in these cases, serum was analysed for specific immunoglobulin E to heroin. A type 1 allergy to heroin could not be shown. These complaints are possibly due to the histamine-liberating effect of heroin, to atopic constitution, to a combination of these factors or – less likely – to other non-allergic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article cites a study on occupational asthma and IgE-mediated contact dermatitis from sapele wood. Protein contact dermatitis (PCD) is a chronic recurrent dermatitis caused by contact with proteinaceous material. It is mostly occupational and mainly develops on the hands and forearms of food handlers. Its pathogenic origin is not fully understood, but it may be mediated by IgE bound to langerhans cells receptors. Intact skin may be a limiting factor, and atopic or irritant contact dermatitis may first be necessary for high molecular weight proteins to penetrate the skin.

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) is an important medical and occupational health problem. If undiagnosed, the disease may persist and even spread widely, resulting in severe and permanent disability to the worker, who may be deprived of his legal right to compensation. OACD is not uncommon in China, although many dermatologists fail to establish the connection between disease and working conditions, because they think that the diagnosis of OACD is the work of occupational medicine and that special diagnostic methods are required. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labour and Social Security of China have issued a new law recently to emphasize the prevention and treatment of occupational disease. It requires physicians to make an accurate diagnosis and report of occupation-related diseases. In this study, we have successfully investigated 14 cases of OACD in our hospital by patch testing the patients with a standard series of allergens and investigating by questionnaire the suspected offending occupational allergens. During a 2-year period (2001–2003), 14 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were investigated and confirmed as having OACD. OACD may develop in many different occupations. In this study, nickel, 4-phenylenediamine, fragrance mix, black rubber mix, colophonium, epoxy resin and thiuram mix were identified by patch testing as the main offending allergens in such patients. These results indicate that patch testing plays a vital role in the diagnosis and identification of occupational allergens, and our study shows that OACD can often be diagnosed by patch testing patients with a standard series. The clinician should be alert to recognize the offending allergens of OACD by referring to patch testing all patients with clinically suspected contact dermatitis, and then educating the sensitized worker in how to avoid further exposure to the causative allergens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Occupational exposure to rodent allergens may cause laboratory animal allergy. Personal exposure to occupational allergens is measured by collecting airborne dust on filters using person-carried pumps. This technique cannot be used to evaluate personal protective respiratory equipment. Recently developed intranasal air samplers collect inhaled particles by impaction on adhesive strips within the samplers. Objective The aims were to compare rodent aeroallergen exposure assessment using nasal air samplers with personal air sampling, and to evaluate the efficacy of using respiratory protection during rodent work using nasal air samplers. Methods Aeroallergen exposure was assessed during rodent work using both nasal air samplers and personal air samplers. The efficacy of respiratory protection (P2 facemasks and fresh-air helmets) was studied in subject pairs working side by side, one person with protection, the other without. Right nostril samples were laminated with protein-binding membrane and immunostained for rat urinary allergen-containing particles. Left nostril samples and air samples were eluted in buffer and analysed in amplified ELISAs for rat (RUA) and mouse (MUA) urinary allergen content (detection limit 10 pg/mL). Allergen collection efficacy of the nasal air samplers was tested at high and low exposure levels and at different flow rates using static sampling. Results P2 facemasks decreased the amount of inhaled allergen by about 90%, and very little allergen was inhaled using fresh-air helmets. Allergen levels in air and nasal samples correlated well (r s was about 0.8 for both RUA and MUA). The number of RUA-positive particles and nasal allergen levels measured in ELISA also correlated significantly (r s = 0.8). Collection efficacy of the nasal air sampler was better during high exposure (cleaning cages, median 73% of allergenic particles collected), than during low exposure (undisturbed room, 49% of... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1978 and 2001, 22 patients were diagnosed with occupation-related allergic contact dermatitis from isocyanates and/or polyurethanes in our clinic . 13 had a positive reaction to the isocyanates, of whom 10 also reacted to diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), which is used in the production or processing of isocyanates and polyurethanes; 9 reacted only to MDA. The object of the present study was to identify the trades and industries responsible for the development of contact allergy to these resins. Such patients must be patch tested with the isocyanates contacted at work, and account must be taken of positive reactions to MDA as a marker for isocyanate sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contact sensitivity to drugs administered systemically occurs mainly among healthcare workers, pharmaceutical operatives, and veterinary surgeons. Of the 14,689 patients suspected of contact allergy examined in our department from 1978 to 2001, occupational allergic contact dermatitis from drugs in healthcare workers was diagnosed in 33, the first in 1980. The most common sensitizers were antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. They accounted altogether for 35 positive patch tests, followed by propacetamol hydrochloride, and ranitidine hydrochloride, which elicited 10 and 7 positive reactions, respectively. The aim of this report is to draw attention to the importance of occupational contact allergy to drugs in healthcare workers. By far the greatest number of the sensitized patients in this series were nurses, there being 26 nurses, 4 veterinarians, 2 pharmacists, and 1 medical doctor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to wood dust and other chemicals used in particleboard manufacture may cause contact dermatitis. To assess the prevalence and nature of skin complaints in the refining and drying department of a particleboard manufacturing facility following introduction of a new process, workers were assessed by a physician, using a standardized questionnaire concerning symptoms, past and family history, workplace exposures, and use of protective equipment. Cutaneous examination and patch testing were then performed. Questionnaire results showed that workers complained of rash, nasal and eye irritation, as well as cough and bothersome odours. Cutaneous examination identified a heterogeneity of skin problems, with dermatitis being mainly irritant rather than allergic. Quaternium-15 (Dowicil 200) was the only allergen to which more than 1 individual reacted. Aside from the odours, exposure to wood dust could account for the other reported symptoms. Allergic reactions on patch testing were few and did not explain the dermatitis; most skin reactions were irritant. Recommendations to the company included improved dust control, through ventilation and personal hygiene measures, as well as protective clothing. The investigation highlights how the introduction of a new process may focus attention on health complaints that have been present for some time before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to wood dusts may cause various skin and mucosal symptoms. Allergic dermatoses, caused by wood dusts, diagnosed at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health during 1976–1999 are reported here. 16 had allergic contact dermatitis and, 2 had contact urticaria. 9 men (3 cabinet makers, 3 joiners, 1 carpenter, 1 knifemaker and 1 machinist) were mainly exposed to tropical hardwoods. 1 man had dermatitis caused by western red cedar. 5 patients, 3 men and 2 women, were exposed to Finnish pine or spruce dusts, and 1 man to aspen. 7 also had rhinitis, 4 asthma or dyspnoea and 3 conjunctivitis. On patch testing, 10 men reacted to 9 different wood dusts, including teak (5), palisander (3), jacaranda (2), mahogany (2), walnut (2) and obeche (1). Reactions to wood allergens, including lapachol (2), deoxylapachol (1), (R)-3,4-dimethoxydahlbergione (2), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (1), mansonone A (2) and salicyl alcohol (1), were noted in 4 cases. All but 1 of 5 patients exposed to pine or spruce dusts reacted to the sawdusts, all 5 to colophonium, 3 to abietic acid, 2 to tall oil resin, 3 to wood tar mix and 4 to other wood gum resins. Of the 2 CU patients, 1 was prick and RAST positive to obeche, 1 reacted with urticarial dermatitis to punah wood dust on chamber exposure. Occupational allergic dermatoses are mainly caused by the dusts of hardwoods, mostly due to Type IV allergy, but may also be caused by softwood dusts. Patch tests can be done with wood dusts, but should be confirmed by patch testing with wood allergens if possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of case reports of occupational allergic contact dermatitis from 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropoxy)phenyl]-propane (epoxy diacrylate) in ultraviolet-cured inks. It describes the methodology and patients of the study. It discusses the findings of the study and the patch test reactions of the patients.

The allergen primin and its precursor miconidin were collected by dynamic headspace technique from Primula obconica Hance and quantified and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The primin concentrations in leaves/stems and flowers (including pedicel and calyx) of P. obconica were 262 μg and 531 μg (g fresh plant material)-1, respectively, whereas miconidin concentrations were 92 μg (g fresh plant material)-1 in leaves/stems and 194 μg (g fresh plant material)-1 in flowers. The amounts of primin released from unchopped leaves/stems and flowers were 65.3 ng and 18.8 ng (g fresh plant material)-1 h-1, respectively. Dynamic headspace analysis of intact P. obconica plants showed that primin is also directly emitted from undamaged plants, although in smaller concentrations (6.2 ng (g fresh plant material)-1 h-1), whereas miconidin was only emitted in minute amounts (less than 0.4 ng (g fresh plant material)-1 h-1) both from intact plants and from unchopped plant parts. The possibility that primin from P. obconica could be a potential airborne allergen and therefore a source of airborne contact dermatitis is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid anhydrides art low-molecular-weight chemicals known to cause respiratory irritancy and allergy. Skin allergy has on rare occasions been reported. 2 workers contracted hives and itching on uncovered skin after 2 months exposure to methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA), to which they had airborne exposure. Later, the patients also developed conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sore throat, cough or asthma. In addition to MTHPA, 1 worker was also exposed to unsaturated polyester resin (UP). Both patients' immediate allergy to MTHPA and MHHPA was verified by positive prick tests to MTHPA and MHHPA, conjugated with human serum albumin (HSA), and positive radicallergosorbent tests (RASTs) to these anhydrides. On prick testing, both patients also reacted to a phthalic anhydride (PA)-HSA-conjugate and 1 of the patients to UP-HSA-conjugate. Specific immediate allergy to UP was shown by PAST RAST inhibition with MTHPA, MHHPA and UP-resin conjugates confirmed IgE-mediated allergy and cross-reactivity between anhydrides. Our patients had developed airborne contact urticaria caused by phthalic anhydrides, in addition to respiratory allergy Phthalic anhydride contained in the UP resin was possibly responsible for the immediate reaction of the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-Iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a fungicide used in both industrial products and cosmetics. We report the first case of allergic contact dermatitis from airborne exposure to this preservative. A 34-year-old female production worker at a paint factory developed dermatitis on air-exposed skin areas. Patch testing showed a ++ reaction to the preservative IPBC 0·01% in petrolatum. The compound was used as a preservative in wood treatment products manufactured at her work place. Based on animal studies, IPBC is considered safe as a cosmetic preservative. However, widespread use of the chemical might lead to increasing levels of contact allergy, and therefore, close monitoring of IPBC is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discuses case study of a 23-year-old man with persistent erythema, oedema and scaling. It is stated that the patient started to have symptoms in September 2013 and reported no respiratory, abdominal or other systemic complaints. It is noted that analysis revealed that the patient acquired disease by being in contact with Capsaicin, which is used as spices and vegetables, while working in a potato chips factory.

The article presents a case study of a 44-year-old female professional horse trainer with contact dermatitis caused by omeprazole. The patient was observed for three months of pruritic dermatitis. Result shows positive patch reactions to GastroGard as she undergone patch testing and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) used as medications.

The article presents a case study of a 48-year-old woman which was presented with periorbital dermatitis which is related to her work as a theater nurse. It states that based on the patch test the things she uses are not the reason of her dermatitis. It says that the woman is suffering from airborne contact dermatitis which was brought by rubber chemicals or nitrile in her workplace.

The article presents a case study of a 33-year-old man presented with a 7-month history of facial and eyelid dermatitis. The patient was employed as a machine operator in a pharmaceutical factory for the six years before he was referred to the clinic. He uses latex gloves, mask, and goggles with his work in pantoprazole manufacturing industry. The dermatitis created exfoliation and hyperpigmentation of the eyelids. After two months of no exposure there was no further signs of dermatitis.

The article presents a case study of a 62-year-old male carpenter working as a parquet floor fitter, with no previous skin disease, presented with an outbreak of itchy, erythematous and scaly lesions on the back of the hands, neck, cheeks, and forehead. it mentions the exposure and application of topical corticosteroids and the patch testing was performed with garapia with the extracts in ethanol.

The article presents a case study of a 29-year-old atopic male patient with a 6-month history of contact dermatitis in his eyelids, cheeks, lips, nose, and the nasolabial folds. During the previous 2 years, it notes that the patient had worked as a machine operator in a certain pharmaceutical factory. It says that the rashes on the affected areas of the patient's body was partially and temporarily relieved following application of emollients and topical steroids.

The article presents a case study of a 56-year-old female chemist with a history of hand dermatitis and rubber allergy, developed facial swelling, erythema and pruritic scaling during periods of teaching a laboratory course for chemistry students. Results of the study reveals that the chemist was afflicted with airborne contact dermatitis caused by powdered or volatile chemicals.

The article presents a case report of a occupational airborne contact dermatitis contact dermatitis patient who developed it from exposure to tetrazepam during machine maintenance. A 58-year-old repair technician in a pharmaceutical factory was referred for evaluation of a 2-year history of a recurrent cutaneous eruption. The patient reported widespread pruritus every time he had to repair one of the machines manufacturing Myolastan1. This machine compressed the powder into a tablet. When repairing this machine, the patient would open the glass shield and make contact with tetrazepam powder on the surface of the machine.

Presents a case report of occupational allergic contact dermatitis from champignon and Polish mushroom. Medical background of the patient; Clinical presentation of the disease; Diagnosis and treatment.