135 results on '"Parc National"'
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2. Improper garbage management attracts vertebrates in a Thai national park.
- Author
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Teampanpong, Jiraporn
- Subjects
NATIONAL parks & reserves ,MACAQUES ,KRA ,FOOD waste as feed ,NUMBERS of species ,ENDANGERED species ,WILDLIFE monitoring - Abstract
Copyright of Ecoscience (Ecoscience) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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3. La charte ou les apories de la concertation: La fabrique de l'acceptation sociale dans les parcs nationaux alpins français.
- Author
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LASLAZ, LIONEL
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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4. Intégration des considérations sociales en zone périphérique des aires protégées: le cas du parc national de Frontenac.
- Author
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Chénier, Maxime, Dion, Dominic, Charest, René, and Cloutier, Geneviève
- Abstract
Copyright of Naturaliste Canadien is the property of La Societe Provancher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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5. Côte d'Ivoire : les aires protégées entre politique de conservation contrastée et réinterprétation sociale/Ivory Coast: Protected Areas between Contrasting Conservation Policy and Social Reinterpretation.
- Author
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Kra, Walter Kouamé
- Subjects
NATURE reserves ,PROTECTED areas ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,COCOA - Abstract
Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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6. Patrimoines de papier. Superposition des aires naturelles protégées et développement territorial dans l’île de Lanzarote (Canaries, Espagne).
- Author
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BABOU, IGOR
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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7. Émancipation politique et justice environnementale. Perspective critique à partir de l'expérience sud-africaine de l'éducation à l'environnement.
- Author
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Belaidi, Nadia
- Subjects
SOUTH Africans ,ENVIRONMENTAL education ,PARK management ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,RECONCILIATION ,APARTHEID - Abstract
Copyright of Droit et Cultures is the property of Revue Droit et Cultures - Universite Paris Nanterre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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8. Co-becoming with angophora: performing more-than-human belongings in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park.
- Author
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Bell, Sarah J.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL parks & reserves , *NATURALNESS (Environmental sciences) , *TREES - Abstract
Belonging in Australian national parks has long been associated with universal ideas of nativeness or naturalness. However, these delineations have been critiqued as rooted in western, dualistic understandings of nature and culture that do not allow for other ways of conceptualising the world or for the agency of nonhumans. This paper argues for reconceptualising belonging as an ontological co-becoming where multiple contingent belongings co-emerge with bodies, worlds and place. To show how belonging co-becomes, I examine human–tree relations surrounding a special and sacred tree in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, Australia, the Angophora costata. I tell three stories that shed light on the multiple ways performances of belonging are entangled with histories, stories, spirits, and present and absent humans and nonhumans. In doing so, I show how belonging is a more-than-human practice where ideas of native and natural are questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Le Parc national de la Guadeloupe : un territoire insulaire unique dédié à la protection de la biodiversité/The Guadeloupe National Park: a Unique Island Territory Dedicated to the Protection of Biodiversity.
- Author
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MAGNIN, HERVE
- Abstract
Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
10. Ecoturismo en Chile: Desafíos de una década de crecimiento en las áreas protegidas del Estado/L'écotourisme au Chili : les défis d'une décennie de croissance dans les zones protégées de l'Etat/Ecotourism in Chile: Challenges of a Decade of Growth in the Protected Areas of the State
- Author
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ORTEGA, HUMBERTO RIVAS
- Abstract
Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
11. Le parc national de Tlemcen (Algérie) : un potentiel touristique sous-exploité/The National Park of Tlemcen (Algeria): Tourism Potential under Exploited.
- Author
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SEKKOUM, SOFIANE and MAACHOU, HADJ MOHAMMED
- Abstract
Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
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12. Résilience urbaine et gestion des espaces protégés : le cas exploratoire de Banff, une ville dans un parc national
- Author
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Duchesneau, Léonard and Thomas, Isabelle
- Subjects
urban resilience ,urbanisme ,national park ,résilience urbaine ,Banff ,environmental ethics ,éthique de l'environnement ,urban planning ,parc national - Abstract
Le parc national Banff, joyau du réseau de Parcs Canada, est l’objet d’une anomalie : il contient une ville à l’intérieur même de ses frontières. Si, au moment de la création de Banff, les gestionnaires du parc jugeaient le développement urbain compatible avec ces espaces protégés, depuis les années 1980, leur priorité est passée à la protection de la nature. Bien que la Loi sur les parcs nationaux du Canada prévoit que les parcs ont une double fonction, soit l’utilisation par le public et la protection pour les générations futures, le principe de l’intégrité écologique impose un impératif juridique et moral à ce dernier aspect. Dès lors, on imposa à la ville de Banff d’importantes limites à son développement en accord avec le principe d’absence d’effets nuisibles sur l’environnement, parmi lesquelles le plafonnement de sa population à 8000 habitants, la limitation de son périmètre urbain à 3,93 km2, ainsi que sa superficie commerciale plafonnée à 10 %. Il semble ainsi que la ville et le parc national ont une relation d’interdépendance unique, évoluant en fonction de la succession des paradigmes environnementaux. En ajoutant la résilience urbaine à l’équation, nous chercherons à comprendre comment ce concept peut sous-tendre de manière durable la définition du rapport dynamique entre la ville de Banff et les écosystèmes du parc. Ce mémoire sera donc l’occasion d’étayer les multiples politiques de protection de la nature en vigueur à Banff à travers une étude de cas exploratoire, puis de l’interpréter en fonction des différentes éthiques de l’environnement et à travers la théorie de la résilience urbaine. À cet égard, les politiques de protection de la nature seront évaluées en fonction de critères de résilience urbaine identifiés dans la littérature scientifique., Banff National Park, Parks Canada's jewel, is characterized by a peculiar anomaly: it contains a small town within its boundaries. While at the time of Banff's creation, park managers considered urban development compatible with these protected areas, since the 1980s, their priority then switched to nature protection. Although the Canada National Parks Act states that parks have a dual function of public use and protection for future generations, the principle of ecological integrity places a legal and moral imperative on the latter. As a result, the town of Banff was subject to significant limitations on its development consistent with the “no net negative environmental impact” principle, including a population cap of 8,000, a town perimeter limit of 3.93 km2, and a commercial land area limit of 10%. It thus seems that the town and the national park have a unique interdependent relationship, evolving according to the succession of environmental paradigms. By adding urban resilience to the equation, we will seek to understand how this concept can sustainably underpin the definition of the dynamic relationship between the town of Banff and the park’s ecosystems. This master’s thesis will therefore be an opportunity to identify the multiple nature protection policies enforced in Banff through an exploratory case study, then to interpret it according to the different environmental ethics and through the urban resilience theory. Nature protection policies will also be evaluated according to the urban resilience criteria found in the literature on the subject.
- Published
- 2022
13. « Chercheur en résidence » : partager le quotidien professionnel de la conservation de la nature
- Author
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Gaëlle Ronsin
- Subjects
Physical geography ,transdisciplinarity ,recherche embarquée ,Geography, Planning and Development ,national park ,socioécosystèmes ,workshop area ,GB3-5030 ,transdisciplinarité ,Political science ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,zone atelier ,embedded research ,Humanities ,socio-ecosystems ,Earth-Surface Processes ,parc national - Abstract
L’expérience « Chercheur en résidence » est née en 2015 au parc national des Écrins dans le but d’enrichir les collaborations entre le monde de la recherche, en sciences de l’environnement, et le monde de la conservation de la nature. Cette incitation s’appuie sur le constat, partagé par différents auteurs et acteurs, que les liens entre ces deux mondes professionnels seraient trop distendus. Créer des dispositifs pour faire connaissance de façon transdisciplinaire améliorerait ainsi les manières de travailler et de répondre aux enjeux pressants de la conservation de la biodiversité. Cet article retrace premièrement la genèse et la concrétisation de cette expérience à travers les trajectoires singulières de ses premiers protagonistes, qui nous informent sur les investissements relationnel, institutionnel et professionnel engagés dans le but de « faire connaissance ». Deuxièmement, le récit de cette expérience illustre que la collaboration transdisciplinaire passe par des moments d’apprentissage professionnel croisés. L’intérêt d’une résidence, même ponctuelle, réside ainsi dans le partage de temporalités et de savoirs du quotidien pour faire connaissance de façon épistémique et professionnelle. The “Researcher-in-residence” experiment was born in 2015 in the Écrins National Park with the aim of enriching collaborations between the world of research, in environmental sciences, and the world of nature conservation. This incentive is based on the observation, shared by various authors and actors, that the links between these two professional worlds are too distant. Creating mechanisms for getting to know each other in a transdisciplinary manner would thus improve the ways of working and responding to the pressing issues of biodiversity conservation. This article firstly traces the genesis and concretization of this experiment through the singular trajectories of its first protagonists, which inform us about the relational, institutional and professional investments made in order to “get to know each other.” Secondly, the story of this experience illustrates that transdisciplinary collaboration involves moments of cross-professional learning. The interest of a residency, even a one-time one, thus lies in the sharing of temporalities and everyday knowledge in order to get to know each other in an epistemic and professional way.
- Published
- 2021
14. CONTRIBUTION À LA CONNAISSANCE DES MACROINVERTÉBRÉS DE L'ÉCOSYSTÈME LACUSTRE : LAC TONGA AU PARC NATIONAL D'EL KALA.
- Author
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KHEDIMALLAH, Rania and TADJINE, Aicha
- Abstract
Copyright of Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France is the property of Societe Zoologique de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
15. Environmental Sovereignty and conservation issues around protected areas between the state and non-governmental actors : the case of Lopé (PNL) and Pongara (PNP) National
- Author
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Ndong Ndong, Saturnin, Passages, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Jean-Yves Puyo, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
- Subjects
Governance ,Pongara ,National park ,Territoires ,Conservation ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Ressources naturelles ,Souveraineté environnementale ,Lopé ,Lope ,Gouvernance ,Environmental sovereignty ,Territory ,Natural resources ,Parc national - Abstract
Discussions and negotiations concerning the environment in general and the protection of natural resources in particular have for many years revealed different perceptions among the various actors on the international scene. At the center of these issues is the state sovereignty which is the stumbling block that hinders the application of global policies and strategies at all levels. This situation is the result of a diversity of stakes that States attach to their natural resources. In other words, the recurrence of sovereignty in environmental negotiations can be explained by the fact that, beyond the unanimous agreement of all actors to give priority to the ecological dimension of territories, more and more countries – especially developing countries – are still basing their economies and social conditions on biodiversity. All of these requires arbitration and adjustments in order to reconcile international policies with the local realities of States. Moreover, this context invites us to combine ecological and economic interests by involving all stakeholders. This thesis on environmental sovereignty thus aims to go beyond the political sovereignty of States – the object of divergence – in the context of the environment. However, it takes into account the different stakes (political, economic, and ecological) that these countries attach to their natural resources and to those of the national parks that they create. Through geography, political geography, political ecology and geopolitics, this research analyses how the logic of environmental sovereignty in the case of Gabon interrogates the interest of an inclusive governance within protected areas.; Les discussions et les négociations portant sur l’environnement de façon générale et la protection des ressources naturelles, en particulier, révèlent depuis de nombreuses années, des perceptions différentes entre les différents acteurs de la scène internationale. Au centre de ces questions, la souveraineté étatique constitue le point névralgique qui freine les politiques et les stratégies globales devant s’appliquer à toutes les échelles. Cette situation est le fait d’une diversité d’enjeux auxquels les États rattachent de grands champs de leurs ressources naturelles. En d’autres termes, la récurrence de la souveraineté dans les négociations environnementales trouve son explication sur le fait qu’au-delà de l’accord unanime de tous les acteurs visant à privilégier la dimension écologique des territoires, de plus en plus de pays – notamment ceux en développement – fondent encore leurs économies et leurs conditions sociales sur la biodiversité. Tout ceci nécessite des arbitrages et des ajustements afin de concilier les politiques internationales avec les réalités locales des États. Par ailleurs, ce contexte invite à agencer les intérêts écologiques et économiques en associant tous les partenaires. Cette thèse portant sur la souveraineté environnementale vise ainsi le dépassement de la souveraineté politique des États – objet des divergences – dans le contexte de l’environnement. Toutefois, elle tient compte des différents enjeux (politiques, économiques, écologiques) que ces pays lient à leurs ressources naturelles et à celles des parcs nationaux qu’ils créent. À travers la géographie, la géographie politique, la political ecology et la géopolitique, cette recherche analyse comment une logique de souveraineté environnementale dans le cas du Gabon questionne l’intérêt d’une gouvernance inclusive au sein des espaces protégés.
- Published
- 2021
16. Structural changes in protected forests in Sweden: implications for conservation functionality.
- Author
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Hedwall, Per-Ola and Mikusiński, Grzegorz
- Subjects
- *
FOREST conservation , *FOREST reserves , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *NORWAY spruce , *FOREST surveys - Abstract
Protected forest areas (PFAs) are key features of biodiversity conservation, and knowledge about long-term development is crucial in evaluating their efficiency and management needs. Longitudinal data on forest structure in PFAs is uncommon and often from small areas. Here we use data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory to study changes in more than 750 000 ha of PFAs over 60 years. Structures important for biodiversity, e.g., number of large trees and the volume of hard deadwood, including both standing and down wood, have more than doubled. The initial volume of deadwood, however, was very low. The overall tree species composition was stable over time, and only among the largest trees were there indications of a shift towards the late successional Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Deadwood increased independent of species, size of wood, and site characteristics. This increase was positively related to the volume of living trees and forest age. We conclude that Swedish PFAs, in the absence of active management and under fire suppression at the landscape scale, develop structural components that are crucial for conservation of biodiversity. However, although tree species composition appears stable, present disturbance regimes in the PFAs are considerably different from those in naturally dynamic forests, which may have implications for long-term biodiversity maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. La forêt des convoitises: cent ans de politiques sociales, libérales et environnementales dans les Parcs nationaux du Mexique (1910-2013).
- Author
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LEBRETON, CLOTILDE, HÉRITIER, STÉPHANE, ARNOULD, PAUL, and IMBERNON, JACQUES
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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18. Les parcs nationaux du Nunavik : une offre touristique au service des sociétés autochtones ?
- Author
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Laine Chanteloup, Fabienne Joliet, and Véronique Antomarchi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,territoire ,Canada ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,national park ,territory ,landscape ,01 natural sciences ,Nunavik ,tourisme ,010601 ecology ,lcsh:G ,tourism ,lcsh:H1-99 ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,paysage ,indigenous ,autochtone ,Demography ,parc national - Abstract
La création de parcs nationaux contribue aujourd’hui à la promotion touristique des territoires arctiques, comme c’est le cas au Nunavik, région située au Nord du Québec. L’objectif majeur de ces espaces protégés repose tant sur le patrimoine naturel que constituent leurs paysages emblématiques que sur une invitation à leur fréquentation raisonnée. Ce pari environnemental et touristique est au cœur des enjeux de développement du Nunavik, qui, en raison de sa marginalité, n’est pas aussi attractif que d’autres territoires aux hautes latitudes. Toutefois, l’analyse poussée du réseau des parcs nationaux du Nunavik amène ici à repenser le concept lui-même, en faisant preuve de conceptions originales en territoire autochtone. En s’intéressant au processus de co-construction de ces hauts lieux de nature protégés entre l’administration québécoise et les habitants (majoritairement Inuit et Cris) et en analysant ses différentes clientèles, cet article interroge comment et en quoi ces écrins du Nunavik ont été conçus dès leur mise en œuvre dans une double perspective originale : protéger la nature et devenir un levier de connaissance de la culture inuit, par et pour les Inuit. Today, the creation of national parks contributes to the development of arctic territories for tourism promotion purposes, as is the case in Nunavik, a region located in northern Quebec. The major objective of these protected areas is based both on the natural heritage that their emblematic landscapes constitute and, on an invitation to their reasoned visitation. This environmental and tourism challenge is at the heart of the development challenges of Nunavik, which, because of its marginality, is not as attractive as other territories of the high latitudes. However, the in-depth analysis of the Nunavik national parks network leads here to rethink the concept of a national park as such, by showing original designs in aboriginal territory. By looking at the process of co-construction of these parks between the Quebec administration and residents (mostly Inuit and Cree) and by analyzing the different custumers investing in the parks, this article questions how and in what way the national parks of Nunavik were conceived from the moment they were implemented from a double original perspective : protecting nature and becoming a lever of knowledge of Inuit culture, by and for the Inuit.
- Published
- 2021
19. Bien pratiquer la nature... pour protéger les Calanques ?
- Author
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Ginelli, Ludovic, Marquet, Vincent, and Deldrève, Valérie
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. L’environnement au profit des plus riches ? Construction et hybridation d’un front écologique métropolitain dans la Péninsule du Cap (Afrique du Sud).
- Author
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GUYOT, SYLVAIN, DELLIER, JULIEN, and CERBELAUD, FABIEN
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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21. De la connaissance des espèces à la gestion des espaces: l'action territorialisée d'un parc national.
- Author
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Debril, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *PROTECTED area management , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *ORGANIZATIONAL behavior - Abstract
The article deals with the implementation of environmental policies taking as an example the case of the national park of Vanoise. Comparing the case studies of the Maurienne and Tarentaise valley, the paper shows how the users of this protected space, create two contrasted organizational frameworks of their territories by surmounting the problematic character of their cooperation. It also discloses how these two organizational frameworks condition the impact of the policy of the park and how the agents influence the local practices. The coexistence of these two forms of territorialized public action, shows us how is locally negotiated the environmental stakes. It questions however the coherence of the decisions of the park and creates important tensions within the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Patrimoine naturel et developpement local au Congo: le cas du Parc National Conkouati-Douli
- Author
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Missie, Griaque Gustave and Barata, Filipe Themudo
- Subjects
Natural heritage ,Patrimoine naturel ,Développement local ,Parque Nacional ,Património natural ,Conkouati-Douli ,National Park ,Local development ,Desenvolvimento local ,Parc national - Published
- 2020
23. Béjaia the City of Lights, a dilemma between enhancement and protection of a thousand-year-old natural and cultural heritage
- Author
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Aouci, Mira and Barata, Filipe Themudo
- Subjects
Patrimoine ,Paysage ,Cultura ,Médina ,Béjaia ,Medina ,Landscapes ,Culture ,National park ,Heritage ,Nature ,Património ,Natureza ,Paisagens ,Parque nacional ,Parc national - Published
- 2020
24. Áreas protegidas e acesso à terra: o caso de El Chaltén no Parque Nacional Los Glaciares (Patagônia Argentina)
- Author
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Picone, Sabrina Elizabeth
- Subjects
land access ,territoire ,território ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5 [https] ,PATAGONIA ARGENTINA ,Argentinean Patagonia ,Parques Nacionais ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Patagonie Argentine ,PARQUE NACIONAL ,acesso à terra ,territory ,ACCESO A LA TIERRA ,TERRITORIO ,accès à la terre ,lcsh:G ,Parc National ,National Park ,Patagônia argentina ,purl.org/becyt/ford/5.7 [https] - Abstract
La incorporación del sur de la Patagonia al territorio nacional argentino es el resultado de dinámicas originadas en espacios centrales y asociadas a la expansión del capitalismo sobre espacios estratégicos. En continuidad con la Campaña del Desierto, la creación de los primeros Parques Nacionales asumió funciones geopolíticas bajo la idea de soberanía nacional. En un principio, las áreas protegidas se consideraban piezas fundamentales para el desarrollo nacional y permitían determinadas actividades humanas, como la ganadería y los asentamientos humanos. Sin embargo, desde 1980, estos usos territoriales se han categorizado y han comenzado a restringir estos usos históricos. Alentados por la idea de conservación que excluye a la sociedad, estos espacios comienzan a provocar procesos de inseguridad territorial. Al mismo tiempo, El turismo nacional promovido en los Parques Nacionales está estandarizado a los requisitos internacionales. El Chaltén es un pequeño pueblo ubicado al suroeste de la provincia de Santa Cruz, en la Patagonia Argentina. Entre los problemas territoriales, se destaca la dificultad de acceso a la tierra para la vivienda, sobre todo por estar rodeada por el Parque Nacional Los Glaciares (PNLG). Desde un enfoque crítico, el objetivo de este trabajo es revelar las relaciones de poder entre los agentes que se apropian del espacio dentro y alrededor del área protegida. Mediante un análisis cualitativo, se presentan los procesos de acaparamiento de tierras en El Chaltén y el PNLG con base en disputas jurisdiccionales que imponen diferentes usos y accesos a la tierra. A incorporação do sul da Patagônia no território nacional argentino é o resultado de dinâmicas originadas em espaços centrais e associadas à expansão do capitalismo sobre espaços estratégicos. Em continuidade com a Campanha do Deserto, a criação dos primeiros Parques Nacionais assumiu funções geopolíticas sob a ideia de soberania nacional. No início, as áreas protegidas eram consideradas peças fundamentais para o desenvolvimento nacional e permitiam certas atividades humanas, como a pecuaria e os assentamentos humanos. No entanto, desde 1980, estes usos territoriais foram categorizados e começaram a restringir essas utilizações históricas. Incentivados pela ideia de conservação que exclui a sociedade, estes espaços começam a provocar processos de precarização territorial. Ao mesmo tempo, o turismo nacional promovido nos Parques Nacionais está estandardizado às exigências internacionais. El Chaltén é uma pequena cidade localizada no sudoeste da província de Santa Cruz, na Patagônia Argentina. Entre os problemas territoriais, destaca-se a dificuldade de acesso a terrenos para habitação, especialmente por estar rodeado pelo Parque Nacional Los Glaciares (PNLG). A partir de uma abordagem crítica, o objetivo deste trabalho é revelar as relações de poder entre os agentes que se apropriam do espaço dentro e no entorno da área protegida. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa, os processos de apropriação de terras em El Chaltén e no PNLG são apresentados com base nas disputas jurisdicionais que impõem usos e acessos diferenciados à terra. Os resultados mostram que os limites da área protegida constituem uma fronteira de acesso terrestre para os habitantes de El Chaltén, ao mesmo tempo que se tornam um espaço estratégico para a acumulação e reprodução do capital. L'incorporation de la Patagonie du Sud dans le territoire national argentin est le résultat de dynamiques décidées dans les espaces centraux et associées à l'expansion du capitalisme sur les espaces stratégiques. Dans la continuité de la "Campagne du désert", la création des premiers parcs nationaux naturels a assumé des fonctions géopolitiques impliquant génocide et déplacements indigènes, soulevant l'idée de souveraineté nationale. Au début, les aires protégées étaient considérées comme des éléments fondamentaux du développement national et permettaient certaines activités humaines telles que l´élevage et les peuplements humains. Cependant, depuis les années 80, ces découpages territoriaux ont été catégorisés et ont commencé à restreindre ces usages historiques. Encouragés par l'idée de conservation excluant la société, ces espaces commencent à provoquer des processus de précarisation territoriale. Dans le même temps, le tourisme national promu dans les parcs et réserves nationaux s'approfondit et s'adapte aux demandes internationales. El Chaltén est une petite ville située au sud-ouest de la province de Santa Cruz, dans le sud de la Patagonie Argentine. Parmi les différents problèmes territoriaux, la difficulté d'accès à la terre pour le logement est la plus évidente, qu'elle est entourée par le parc national Los Glaciares (PNLG). D'un point de vue critique, l'objectif de ce travail est de découvrir les relations de pouvoir entre les agents qui s'approprient l'espace de l'aire protégée et ses environs. À travers une analyse qualitative, les processus d'appropriation des terres à El Chaltén et au PNLG sont présentés sur la base de conflits juridictionnels qui imposent des usages et des accès inégaux à la terre. Les résultats montrent que les limites de l'aire protégée constituent une frontière d'accès à la terre pour ceux qui vivent à El Chaltén, tout en devenant un espace stratégique pour l'accumulation et la reproduction du capital. The incorporation of South Patagonia into Argentina´s territory is the result of dynamics originating in central spaces and associated to the expansion of capitalism over strategic spaces. In line with the military action called “The Campaign of the Desert”, the creation of the first National Parks also assumed geopolitical purposes to consolidate national sovereignty. In the beginning, protected areas were considered fundamental pieces for national development. For this reason, they allowed certain human activities such as livestock, forest exploitation and also human settlements. However, since 1980 these territorial units are categorized by the international standards. In this globalization context, National Parks begin to restrict those historical uses of land, including human settlements. Encouraged by the idea of strong conservation, excluding society, these spaces may be considered responsible for territorial precarious processes. At the same time, the national tourism promoted in the National Parks is changed to answer the international demands. El Chaltén is a small town located southwest of the Santa Cruz province in southern Argentinean Patagonia. It is surrounded by the Los Glaciares National Park (LGNP) which is consolidated as a border to urban expansion. The most relevant territorial problem in El Chaltén is the land access. From a critical perspective, the objective of this article is to uncover the power relations between the agents who appropriate the space in the protected area. Through a qualitative focus, we analyze the processes of land appropriation in El Chaltén and the LGNP based on three jurisdictional conflicts between different actors. The results show that the protected area functions as a border of land access to the population of El Chaltén but it becomes a strategic space for the accumulation and reproduction of capital. Fil: Picone, Sabrina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Cruz. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Santa Cruz; Argentina
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- 2020
25. La charte ou les apories de la concertation
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Lionel Laslaz
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social acceptance ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,debate ,conflict ,Alps ,conflit ,politique ,scene ,scène ,National Park ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,France ,acceptation sociale ,politics ,débat ,charter ,Alpes ,charte ,Parc national ,acteur ,actor ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Cet article propose une démarche en trois temps. Dans un premier temps, une réflexion théorique et spatialisée sur l’acceptation sociale permet de clarifier l’usage du terme et de le distinguer notamment de l’acceptabilité. L’acceptation sociale est le contexte dans lequel s’effectuent les mises en tension des acteurs : elle s’élabore à partir du moment où ces derniers ont défini et énoncé des conditions d’acceptabilité. Médiocre, elle explique la réticence de certains d’entre eux à entrer dans des processus contractuels supposés vertueux. Dans une deuxième partie, le texte se focalise sur les résultats de l’adhésion des communes aux chartes des trois parcs nationaux alpins français. En se focalisant davantage sur le Parc national de la Vanoise, un troisième moment permet d’interpréter les résultats des votes des conseils municipaux sur ce document de cadrage, valable quinze ans et dont la construction a été particulièrement lourde et longue. Au final, la charte visant à gagner l’acceptation sociale de parcs nationaux nés et grandis dans l’opposition n’a fait que raviver celle-ci dans le cas de la Vanoise, alors que les Ecrins et le Mercantour ont réussi en deux temps à gagner l’adhésion. En analysant les postures des élus locaux et les arrangements qui ont cours pour mener à bien ce document autour duquel les négociations (et les formes de participation) sont censées améliorer l’acceptation sociale, l’article dessine une scène de débats dans laquelle ces acteurs s’arrangent avec l’espace et spatialisent leurs compromis., This paper proposes an approach in three times. At first, a theoretical and spatialised reflection on social acceptance makes it possible to clarify the use of the term and to distinguish it in particular from acceptability. Social acceptance is the context in which the tensions of actors take place: it is developed from the moment the actors have defined and stated the conditions of acceptability. Mediocre, it explains the reluctance of some of them to enter into the so-called virtuous contractual processes. In a second part, the paper focuses on the results of the municipalities’ membership to the charters of the three French alpine national parks. By focusing more on the Vanoise National Park, a third moment allows to interpret the results of the votes of the municipal councils on this scoping document, 15 years of particularly heavy and long construction. In the end, the charter to gain the social acceptance of national parks born and raised in the opposition only revived the latter in the case of the Vanoise, while the Ecrins and the Mercantour managed in two steps to obtain membership. Analyzing the postures of local politicians and the arrangements under way to carry out this document around which negotiations (and forms of participation) are supposed to improve social acceptance, the article draws a scene of debates in which these actors arrange themselves with space and spatialize their compromises.
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- 2020
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26. Appropriation de marges frontalières d’Afrique centrale : cas du Parc national de Minkébé au Gabon
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Saturnin Ndong Ndong and Stéphane Ondo Ze
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05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,marge frontalière ,021107 urban & regional planning ,lcsh:Political science ,02 engineering and technology ,appropriation ,Minkébé ,lcsh:Political science (General) ,Political science ,border margin ,National Park ,lcsh:JA1-92 ,050703 geography ,Humanities ,lcsh:J ,Parc national - Abstract
Cet article analyse les enjeux autour de la mise en place d’un espace protégé dans le massif forestier de Minkébé au Nord-est du Gabon. Il revient sur les différentes stratégies d’appropriation mises en œuvre par l’Etat gabonais afin de contrôler cette partie du territoire adossé aux dyades séparant le Gabon du Cameroun au Nord et du Congo à l’Est. Longtemps tenu à l’écart de la dynamique socio-économique, Minkébé est aujourd’hui la proie d’activités informelles et d’organisations illégales transétatiques. L’objectif de cette publication est de montrer le déploiement de l’autorité publique dans cette partie du pays par le biais d’un dispositif multifonctionnel. This article analyzes the stakes surrounding the establishment of a protected area in the Minkébé forest in northeast Gabon. It deals with the various strategies of appropriation implemented by the Gabonese State to control this part of the territory at this part of border that separating Gabon from Cameroon to the North and Congo to the East. Long kept out of the socio-economic dynamic, Minkébé is now the target of informal activities and illegal trans-state organizations. The purpose of this publication is to show the deployment of public authority in this part of the country through a multifunctional appartus
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- 2020
27. Introduction : le parc national a soixante ans!
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Naim-Gesbert, Eric, Institut Maurice Hauriou (IMH), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
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[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,Développement durable ,Sustainable development ,National Park ,Relation between Science and Law ,Lien science et droit ,Parc national - Abstract
National audience; Le parc national, institution à l'intérêt spécial de préservation de la nature, est fondé sur la science. En soixante ans, lettre et esprit ont évolué en intégrant l'objectif constitutionnel de développement durable.
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- 2020
28. IMPROVING FARMERS' ACCESS TO IRRIGATION IN THE BUFFER ZONE: AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO CONSERVE BIODIVERISTY IN THE CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK.
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Adhikari, K.R., Tan, Y.C., Lai, J.S., Chen, Z.S., and Mishra, V.S.
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BUFFER zones (Ecosystem management) ,BIODIVERSITY ,FARMERS ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2013
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29. Establishing the value of a salt marsh as a potential benchmark: vegetation surveys and paleoecological analyses as assessment tools.
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Bourgon Desroches, Myosotis, Lavoie, Martin, and Lavoie, Claude
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FOSSIL microorganisms , *SALT marshes , *PLANT populations , *BIOTIC communities , *ECOLOGICAL research , *LAND use - Abstract
Identifying tidal salt marshes as priority sites for conservation or restoration remains a challenge, as several sites are so severely degraded that allocating financial resources for their protection would be questionable. The decision-making process could nevertheless be facilitated by comparing species assemblages and the dynamics and (or) ecological functions of a site with an ecological benchmark, i.e., a tidal marsh that remains free from anthropogenic disturbances. We used plant surveys and plant macrofossil and pollen analyses for evaluating the benchmark potential of the Pointe-aux-Épinettes marsh, a protected salt marsh of the St. Lawrence River estuary (Canada) and one of the last salt marshes that could potentially be a benchmark along the estuary. Historical evidence indicated that the forests surrounding the marsh were converted into agricultural lands circa 1850. Nevertheless, this land-use change had little impact on the marsh. The long-term impacts of trampling and grazing by livestock on the vegetation were negligible. Macrofossil analyses indicated that the plant assemblages were dynamic, but past and current vegetation assemblages are representative of those characterizing an undisturbed salt marsh, with a very high proportion of native wetland species. In a context where truly undisturbed salt marshes are extremely rare ecosystems, our study indicates that the Pointe-aux-Épinettes plant assemblages could be used as benchmarks against which the condition of the vegetation of other salt marshes in northeastern North America could be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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30. Le modèle des parcs nationaux à l’épreuve du territoire.
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ALBAN, NICOLAS and HUBERT, GILLES
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2013
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31. A management strategy for emerald ash borer in St. Lawrence Islands National Park.
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Bowman, Stacey and Smith, Sandy M.
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EMERALD ash borer ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,INTRODUCED species ,PEST control ,FOREST conservation - Abstract
Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2012
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32. L'INVENTAIRE BIOLOGIQUE GÉNÉRALISÉ MERCANTOUR/ALPI MARITTIME : UN EXEMPLE DE COLLABORATION RÉUSSIE ENTRE GESTIONNAIRES D'ESPACE PROTÉGÉ ET TAXINOMISTES.
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LECCIA, Marie-France
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- 2012
33. RÔLE DE LA RECHERCHE DANS UN PARC NATIONAL : 50 ANS DE RECHERCHE DANS LE PARC NATIONAL DE PORT-CROS.
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BARCELO, Alain and BOUDOURESQUE, Charles F.
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- 2012
34. Ecological solidarity as a conceptual tool for rethinking ecological and social interdependence in conservation policy for protected areas and their surrounding landscape
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Thompson, John D., Mathevet, Raphaël, Delanoë, Olivia, Gil-Fourrier, Chantal, Bonnin, Marie, and Cheylan, Marc
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BIODIVERSITY conservation , *PROTECTED areas , *ECOLOGY , *CONSERVATION biology , *LANDSCAPES , *ECOSYSTEM management , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy - Abstract
Abstract: Policy for biodiversity conservation must evolve to cope with the increasing human footprint on natural systems. A major issue here is the need for policy for protected areas, which integrates their surrounding landscape and local human populations in the construction of socially grounded measures. To illustrate current conceptual thinking in this direction we present and provide a conceptual basis for a recent initiative in national park policy in France that is based on “ecological solidarity”. In the light of other policy ideas and tools that have recently emerged for the co-construction of conservation policy, we argue that this concept provides an imaginative step towards consolidating ecological and social interdependence in biodiversity policy that goes beyond statutory park boundaries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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35. VISITATION PATTERNS AND PERCEPTIONS OF NATIONAL PARK USERS - CASE STUDY OF DOMINICA, WEST INDIES.
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Christian, Colmore S., Lacher Jr., Thomas E., Hammitt, William E., and Potts, Thomas D.
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OUTDOOR recreation , *ECOTOURISM , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *NATURAL resources management areas , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *NATURE parks - Abstract
The primary objective of this two-phased study, conducted at two national parks on the Caribbean island of Dominica, was to explore the relationship between selected users' characteristics (e.g. gender, age, and nationality) and their perception of resources conditions. A secondary objective was to contribute to the nature tourism and natural resource database in the context of a small tropical island. Visitor use patterns were also examined. A questionnaire survey was the primary method of data collection, supplemented by some ecological data collected in one-meter wide trail corridors as part of a larger study. There was a high level of consistency between users' perceptions of resource conditions. It was evident however, that park users' perceptions of resource conditions were different in some respects to prevailing site conditions. Chi-square test of independence revealed that there was indeed a significant relationship between users' overall rating of resource conditions and their gender. Significant relationships between users' perceptions of resource conditions and their age and geographic region of nationality were identified only after some data were pooled. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that resource managers should utilize a combination of approaches rather than a single approach for assessing and monitoring ecological changes and resource deterioration and for guiding policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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36. La conservation des parcs nationaux au-delà de leurs frontières
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René Charest and Marie-Ève Deshaies
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0106 biological sciences ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,Computer Networks and Communications ,connectivité ,services écologiques ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,conservation ,national park ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,ecological services ,Hardware and Architecture ,connectivity ,peripheral zone ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,zone périphérique ,Software ,parc national - Abstract
Le réseau des parcs nationaux du Québec vise à assurer la conservation et la protection permanente de territoires représentatifs des régions naturelles du Québec ou de sites naturels exceptionnels. Cependant, dans certains parcs, principalement ceux au sud du 50e parallèle, il peut s’avérer ardu de répondre aux besoins des espèces à grand domaine vital en raison des superficies variables des parcs. De plus, l’utilisation ou la dégradation du territoire en périphérie de ces parcs peut contribuer à une perte de leur valeur écologique. Afin de favoriser la mise en oeuvre de la mission de conservation des parcs nationaux, la Société des établissements de plein air du Québec (Sépaq) a entrepris de mobiliser les acteurs dans les territoires périphériques des parcs. Elle s’est fixé pour objectifs de caractériser les zones périphériques, de tenir des journées de réflexion rassemblant les acteurs locaux et régionaux et de mobiliser ces derniers afin qu’ils réalisent des actions concrètes pour mieux conserver ces territoires. Le maintien des richesses écologiques des parcs repose, en partie, sur l’engagement des acteurs à participer aux efforts de conservation en périphérie des parcs afin de réduire les effets des activités humaines sur les territoires protégés et assurer le maintien des services écologiques essentiels., The aim of the national park network in Québec (Canada) is to permanently conserve and protect zones that are representative of the natural regions found within the province, or outstanding natural areas. However, due to the limited size of certain parks, some, mostly located south of the 50th parallel, face challenges in responding to the habitat needs of species with large home ranges. Moreover, certain land-use activities within the peripheral zones of the parks may contribute to a degradation of their ecological value. To help accomplish the mission of the parks, the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec has undertaken to mobilize neighbouring stakeholders. To achieve this, it set itself the objectives of characterizing the peripheral zones; organizing discussion forums with local and regional stakeholders active within them; and rallying the latter to realize concrete conservation actions. Maintaining the ecological value of the parks relies partially on the engagement and participation of peripheral zone stakeholders in conservation efforts to reduce the impact of human activities on these protected lands. Their actions will help ensure that these areas can continue to fulfill essential ecological services.
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- 2017
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37. Les parcs nationaux sont-ils par essence inégalitaire ? La réforme française des parcs et sa première application en France métropolitaine
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Cécilia Claeys, Valérie Deldrève, Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 (CLERSÉ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Irstea Publications, Migration, Environnement, territoires et infrastructures (UR ETBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,PARTICIPATION ,INEGALITE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ,Public administration ,01 natural sciences ,Economic Justice ,010104 statistics & probability ,national parks ,Political science ,11. Sustainability ,environmental effort ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0101 mathematics ,environmental justice ,Legitimacy ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Environmental justice ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,sociology ,Eviction ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,PARC NATIONAL ,National park ,05 social sciences ,Charter ,15. Life on land ,16. Peace & justice ,French national park ,justice ,PROTECTED AREAS ,CALANQUES PARC NATIONAL ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Public sphere ,Mainland ,environmental inequality ,SOCIOLOGIE ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM [Axe_IRSTEA]DTAM-QT1-INEGALITES; International audience; In France, like in other parts of the world, environmental-protection policies appear to have taken note of local resistance driven by the eviction of populations and restrictions on their use of certain areas. The amendment to the law on French national parks (2006 reform) as such recognized that local populations can help to protect natural environments, as well as their right to participate in defining the charter (or spatial plan) of new parks. This article analyses the creation and local acceptance of the Calanques National Park, a peri-urban park and the first of a new generation of parks in mainland France. Our approach is based on the analytical framework of environmental effort. Using a qualitative corpus of semi-structured interviews and direct observation, we explore three analytical axes. We begin by analyzing the consultation process conducted during the creation of the park. This points up inequalities in access to the public sphere and underscores that only a few, well-endowed user-organizations truly helped define the 'good use' of the Calanques that became a reference in the park's charter. Then we examine how such unequal user participation impacted the wording used in the charter and the distribution of environmental effort demanded of different users. Lastly, the first two observations lead us to question the acceptability of the effort required and its division among users, particularly since the consultation process has been strongly criticized. We question how fairly the effort required by the park's creation was distributed, particularly given the lack of information and limited legitimacy afforded to the consultation process. Finally, we look at the blaming that has taken place amongst different users of the park—a process compounded for many of those interviewed by their fear of being deprived (unjustifiably, they felt) of their freedom to access nature.; En France, comme dans d'autres régions du monde, les politiques de mise en protection de la nature semblent prendre acte des résistances locales suscités par l'éviction des populations et la restriction de leur droit d'usage. L'évolution de la loi relative aux parcs nationaux français (réforme de 2006) reconnaît ainsi le concours de ces populations à la préservation des milieux naturels et leur droit de participer à la définition de la charte du parc (soit le projet de territoire)). Cet article propose une analyse de la création et de l'acceptation locale du Parc national des calanques, premier parc péri-urbain et de nouvelle génération en France métropolitaine. La grille de lecture mobilisée est celle de l'effort environnemental. A partir d'un corpus qualitatif associant entretiens semi-directifs et observations directes, trois axes d'analyse sont développés. Tout d'abord, l'analyse de la concertation menée lors de la création du parc, montre les inégalités d'accès à l'espace public soulignant que seules quelques organisations d'usagers, bien dotés en ressources, ont véritablement contribué à définir le « bon usage » des calanques, faisant référence dans la formulation de la charte du parc. Puis, l'analyse porte sur les implications de cette inégale participation à la formulation de la charte du parc en termes de répartition de l'effort environnemental entre les différents usagers. Enfin, ces deux premiers constats amènent à interroger l'acceptabilité de l'effort demandé et de sa répartition, d'autant que le processus de concertation est fortement critiqué. L'équité de la répartition de l'effort demandé par la mise en place du parc est interrogée au regard du manque d'information ou du peu de légitimité prêtée au processus de concertation. Elle est également pesée à l'aune des responsabilités attribuées aux différents usages du parc, exacerbée pour nombre d'interviewés par la crainte d'être privés, sans raison admissible à leurs yeux, de leur liberté d'accès à la nature. Ainsi le parc vient-il consolider, plus qu'il ne combat, certaines formes d'inégalités environnementales.
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- 2017
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38. Mapping the Wilderness: Toponymic Constructions of Cradle Mountain/Lake St Clair National Park, Tasmania, Australia.
- Author
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Melville, Angela
- Subjects
- *
GEOGRAPHIC names , *COLONIZATION , *MOUNTAINS , *NATIONAL parks & reserves , *ABORIGINAL Tasmanians - Abstract
This article traces the history of naming Cradle Mountain/Lake St. Clair (CM/LSC) National Park, in central western Tasmania, Australia, and, in doing so, will argue that toponyms constitute, rather than merely reflect, the landscape. The first official toponyms of the area were chosen by surveyors who visited the region in the early nineteenth century. These toponyms provide an insight into the European colonization of white settler nations, including the colonists' desire to draw allegories between the newly discovered landscape and their European homeland. The surveyors were followed by local snarers, trappers, and farmers, and later by bushwalkers, and, through the toponyms given to CM/LSC, it is possible to consider the ways in which each of these groups has used this landscape. The article also examines other ways of knowing the landscape that are not necessarily reflected in the official toponyms. The construction of landscape through social practices such as naming is embedded within relationships of power, and this article will examine some of the ways in which the official toponyms may be contested. In particular, it will examine the differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ways of naming, and thus knowing, landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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39. TERRE ANCESTRALE OU PARC NATIONAL ? ENTRE LEGITIMITE SOCIALE ET LEGALITE A MADAGASCAR.
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Rakotoarivony, Cécile Bidaud and Ratrimoarivony, Mialy
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SACRED space ,FORESTS & forestry ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,FOREST management - Abstract
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- 2006
40. Aménager le territoire par une démarche de tourisme durable : une réponse aux enjeux des sites touristiques protégés ?
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Maudry, Elise, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau d'étude ECO, 30 avenue Saint-Sylvestre, 06000 Nice, Chloé Jareno, and Pierre Tardieu
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Landscape designer ,Tourisme ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Espaces protégés ,National park ,Development ,Natural regional park ,Tourism ,Protected areas ,Paysagiste ,Développement durable ,Sustainable development ,Aménagement ,Parc naturel régional ,Parc national - Abstract
Appreciative of the landscape, it often seems unchangeable and gives us a good feeling or an escape sense. The Calanques National Park and the Verdon Natural Regional Park, whose beauty contributes to their international reputation, are perfect examples of timeless places. However, these tourist sites are fragile and suffer from strong presence. Is it possible to combine public uses and preservation of natural places ? From its emergence until today, tourism has known strong changes, but, since couple of years an awareness emerges. From inaccessible practice to the majority of the population, it became mass tourism. More than 2 million people a year are identified in the Marseilles creeks for example. This affluence results in tourist raving off the trails, the damages of some protected species, and therefore the destruction of the environment. Sustainable tourism addresses the problem of preserving sites by linking different actors. Among these actors, the landscape designer plays a key role in the development project. Between observer, mediator and developer, his sensitive approach of the environment, allows a coherent and durable realization. It is to these issues that this dissertation attempts to answer through an analysis of sites, uses and value given to these places. Different work techniques are proposed according to their characteristics and the direct or indirect answer brought to the issues of sites.; Admiratifs du paysage, il nous paraît souvent immuable et nous procure un sentiment de bien-être ou d'évasion. Le Parc National des Calanques et le Parc Naturel Régional du Verdon, dont la beauté participe à leur renommée internationale, sont de parfaits exemples de ces lieux hors du temps. Ces sites touristiques sont pourtant fragiles et subissent de fortes affluences. Est-il possible de concilier usages du public et préservation des milieux ? De son apparition jusqu’à aujourd’hui, le tourisme a subi de fortes évolutions, mais depuis quelques années une prise de conscience émerge. De pratique inaccessible à la majeure partie de la population, il est devenu tourisme de masse. Plus de 2 millions de visiteurs par an sont recensés dans les calanques Marseillaises par exemple. Cette affluence a pour conséquence la divagation des touristes hors des sentiers, la dégradation de certaines espèces protégées, et donc la destruction du milieu. Le tourisme durable répond à la problématique de préservation des sites en mettant en lien différents acteurs. Parmi ces acteurs, le paysagiste joue un rôle clef dans le projet d’aménagement. Entre observateur, médiateur et aménageur, son approche sensible du milieu, permet une réalisation cohérente et durable. C’est à ces problématiques que ce mémoire tente de répondre au travers d’une analyse des sites, des usages et de la valeur accordée aux milieux. Diverses techniques d’ouvrages sont proposées en fonction de leurs caractéristiques et de la réponse directe ou indirecte apportée aux enjeux des sites.
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- 2019
41. Côte d’Ivoire : les aires protégées entre politique de conservation contrastée et réinterprétation sociale
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Walter Kouamé Kra
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lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,forêt classée ,classified forest ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,national park ,Cote d ivoire ,nature reserve ,cocoa culture ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,cacao culture ,Political science ,protected area ,réserve naturelle ,Humanities ,aire protégée ,parc national - Abstract
La dégradation des aires protégées en Côte d’Ivoire est analysée dans ce papier sous l’angle des logiques d’intérêts contradictoires des parties prenantes à leur exploitation. Dans une démarche qualitative ayant privilégié la théorisation ancrée et des entrevues individuelles approfondies complétées par des données secondaires, l’article met en relief les contradictions de la politique de gestion des aires protégées. Ces contradictions sont opportunément réinterprétées par les occupants illégaux comme une prime tacite à la colonisation de ces milieux naturels pour la culture du cacao dont la Côte d’Ivoire reste le premier producteur mondial. Elles mettent ainsi en relief toute la socialité du désastre écologique en cours dans le pays, dépassant la thèse qui attribue, dans la littérature, les causes de cette dégradation essentiellement à l’urbanisation et à la pression anthropique d’ordre existentiel. The degradation of protected areas in Ivory Coast is analyzed in this paper from the perspective of the conflicting interests of stakeholders. In a qualitative approach based on the grounded theory, individual interviews and secondary data, the article shows the contradictions of protected areas management policy. These contradictions are opportunely reinterpreted by the illegal occupiers as a tacit premium for growing cocoa of which Côte d’Ivoire remains the first world producer. They thus highlight the whole sociality of the ecological disaster underway in the country, going beyond the thesis which attributes, in the literature, the causes of this degradation, essentially to urbanization and to existential anthropogenic pressure.
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- 2019
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- View/download PDF
42. Une frontière ouverte à tous les vents : la construction de l’identité collective de l’île de Kinmen
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Xiyan Wang
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architecture ,literate ,éducation moderne ,lcsh:Fine Arts ,heredity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ancêtre ,lignage ,frontière ,Frontier ,sentinelle écologique ,lettré ,modern education ,identité collective ,ZhuXi ,Parc national ,media_common ,collective identity ,national park ,Art ,writing ,imperial competition ,concours impérial ,ecological sentinel ,ancestor ,lcsh:N ,écriture ,Humanities - Abstract
L’île de Kinmen, située à seulement 10 km au large des côtes chinoises, en face de Xiamen (capitale de la province du Fujian), fut envahie par Tchang Kaï-Chek en 1949 après son exil à Taïwan, et transformée en base militaire de reconquête de la Chine continentale. En 1992, le gouvernement de Taïwan mit fin à la loi martiale, et métamorphosa l’île en un lieu touristique pour les Taïwanais ainsi que pour les nouveaux touristes venus de Chine continentale. Les touristes viennent à la fois profiter d’espaces préservés de l’expansion urbaine et frissonner devant les images d’un conflit possible entre les deux Républiques de Chine qui continuent de s’ignorer mutuellement du point de vue juridique mais ne cessent d’intensifier leurs échanges. À l’aune de cette conjoncture frontalière, Kinmen semble être un excellent terrain d’observation des recompositions des notions de patrimoine naturel et culturel chinois. À partir d’enquêtes ethnographiques sur les pratiques patrimoniales mises en œuvre sur cette « île-bordure » entre la Chine et Taïwan, nous établirons qu’il a été possible de conserver un héritage architectural autrefois menacé par la guerre, et que ce défi s’est incarné dans l’aphorisme « Le vent Wen souffle fort » (Wen feng ding sheng, 文風鼎盛). Nous mettons ici en évidence que cet adage est la résultante de longs débats qui révèlent peu à peu l’attachement viscéral des autochtones à leur passé et à leur environnement, et une évolution du concept même d’architecture traditionnelle. Cet article nous permet d’expliquer plus profondément le concept du Wen à la lumière du contexte marginal de l’île, ensemble situé au milieu de deux espaces économiques et politiques antagonistes. Après observation, il paraît évident que les habitants de Kinmen ont la volonté de construire et défendre leur identité en faisant souffler fort le vent « Wen ». Kinmen Island, only about 10 kilometres away from mainland China, is located opposite the city of Xiamen, Fujian Province. After retreating from the mainland in 1949, Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan and made this island a military base where the KMT (the Chinese nationalist party) stationed much of the army with a view to retaking the mainland. Taiwan’s martial law was lifted in 1987 and the de-militarisation of Kinmen has led to a gradual influx of tourists. Visitors come to Kinmen for different reasons. Some people come to appreciate the natural scenery and historic dwellings that have not been affected or damaged by urban expansion, while others come to visit the remaining fortifications and military heritage of the Civil War. Given its crucial border situation, Kinmen has become an ideal field of observation to study Chinese culture and the natural heritage. Through the ethnographic fieldwork on the heritagisation process of Kinmen, the author tries to explain how the widely prevalent concept of ‘the wind of Wen blows strongly’ (Wen Feng Ding Sheng,文风鼎盛, flourishing literature and education) is reflected through the post-war heritage buildings. This expression actually reveals the Kinmen citizens’ strong attachment to their own history and environment. By describing and analysing the architectural and cultural phenomena in this particular border area between mainland China and Taiwan, this article helps us to obtain an in-depth understanding of the concept of ‘literary culture’ (Wen) in Chinese culture, as well as how residents of Kinmen establish and maintain a new post-war collective identity through the wind of Wen.
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- 2019
43. Entre patrimonialisation et ouverture au tourisme : un équilibre en question(s) dans le lagon du Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin en Guadeloupe
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Vincent Andreu-Boussut, Caroline Rufin-Soler, and Céline Chadenas
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Lesser Antilles ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,aire marine protégée ,lagon ,Petites Antilles ,île tropicale ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,0502 economics and business ,gestion ,fréquentation touristique ,14. Life underwater ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,Guadeloupe ,Parc national ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Marine Protected Area ,changement climatique ,isla tropical ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,Guadalupe ,tropical island ,lagoon ,Área marina protegida ,Antillas menores ,climate change ,laguna ,turismo ,National Park ,manejo ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:H1-99 ,tourist flows ,cambio climático ,Parque nacional ,050212 sport, leisure & tourism ,management - Abstract
La conciliation entre conservation patrimoniale et ouverture au tourisme est une question clé dans le Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin en Guadeloupe. Ce dernier est à la fois un espace exploité pour ses ressources marines, une destination de loisirs pour les populations locales, et un espace touristique sur lequel s’est structuré tout un secteur de prestations de tourisme vendues à l’échelle de l’archipel. Cette situation qui explique l’invention d’un haut-lieu touristique et patrimonial n’est pas sans poser un certain nombre de difficultés. La grande concentration des pratiques touristiques dans les espaces de plus forte sensibilité et valeur écologiques nécessite ainsi de trouver des solutions innovantes de gestion. La gouvernance de la baie fait également l’objet d’une refonte importante dans laquelle le Parc national est invité à se défaire de son rôle de « gendarme » pour proposer une concertation accrue avec les usagers. Même si tous les acteurs locaux (habitants, touristes, prestataires touristiques, collectivités locales) n’ont pas la même vision de la place à laisser aux usages touristiques, les trois visions qu’ils développent aujourd’hui au sujet de l’espace protégé témoignent néanmoins d’une appropriation patrimoniale bien partagée mais aussi d’un grand attachement aux îlets et aux milieux naturels. Le débat est donc celui du degré de protection et des moyens de gestion à choisir pour limiter les impacts environnementaux du tourisme. The balance between heritage conservation and tourism development is a key issue in the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin in Guadeloupe. The lagoon was recently invented as a touristic and heritage site and cumulates three functions: i) it’s an area exploited for its marine resources, ii) it’s a leisure destination for the local community, and iii) it’s a tourist destination where a tourism services sector has been developed throughout the archipelago. This context leads to specific difficulties and issues. The great spatial concentration of tourism practices in areas of greater sensitivity and ecological value requires finding innovative management solutions. The governance of the bay is also the subject of a major overhaul in which the National Park is invited to shed its role of "gendarme" to propose increased consultation with users. Even if all the local stakeholders (inhabitants, tourists, tourist services providers, local communities) do not have the same vision of the place to leave to touristic development, the three visions they have today about the protected area demonstrate that they share the same heritage values and the same attachment to the islets and the natural environment. The debate is therefore about the degree of protection and the management tools which can limit the environmental impacts of tourism. La reconciliación entre la conservación del patrimonio y la apertura al turismo es un tema clave en el Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin en Guadalupe. La bahía es una zona explotada por sus recursos marinos, un destino de ocio para las poblaciones locales y una zona turística en la que se ha estructurado todo un sector de servicios turísticos vendidos en todo el archipiélago. Esta situación, que explica la invención de un sitio turístico y patrimonial, plantea una serie de dificultades. La gran concentración de prácticas turísticas en áreas de mayor sensibilidad y valor ecológico requiere, por lo tanto, la búsqueda de soluciones de gestión innovadoras. La gobernanza de la bahía también es objeto de una importante revisión en la que se invita el Parque Nacional a abandonar su papel de "gendarme" para proponer una mayor consulta con los usuarios. Incluso si todos los actores locales (habitantes, turistas, proveedores de servicios turísticos, comunidades locales) no tienen la misma visión del lugar para irse a los usos turísticos, las tres visiones que desarrollan hoy sobre el espacio protegido demuestran que tienen la misma visión del patrimonio y el mismo apego a los islotes y el ambiente natural. Por lo tanto, el debate es sobre el grado de protección y los medios de gestión para limitar los impactos ambientales del turismo.
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- 2018
44. Le Parc national de la Guadeloupe : un territoire insulaire unique dédié à la protection de la biodiversité
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Hervé Magnin
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0106 biological sciences ,ecological solidarity ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,conservation ,national park ,habitat ,landscape ,01 natural sciences ,010605 ornithology ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,solidarité écologique ,0502 economics and business ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,gestion ,050211 marketing ,paysage ,management ,General Environmental Science ,parc national - Abstract
Le parc national de la Guadeloupe, créé en 1989 et modifié en 2006, est devenu un acteur central de la protection de la biodiversité de l’archipel. La moitié des visiteurs qui viennent en Guadeloupe parcourt les grands sites du parc. Une grande diversité d’habitats terrestres, aquatiques et marins caractérise les cœurs du parc. La géologie, le climat, l’histoire, comme l’intervention de l’homme ont façonné des paysages et une biodiversité originale, aujourd’hui soumis à diverses menaces localisées ou globales.Au travers de ses missions, le parc national intervient sur la connaissance, par des mesures de gestion en faveur de la conservation de la biodiversité, des actions de restauration écologique, en mettant l’accent sur la pédagogie et la sensibilisation aux enjeux environnementaux. Son nouveau défi est de réussir à mobiliser les acteurs de l’aire d’adhésion et de l’aire maritime adjacente autour du concept de solidarité écologique et ainsi de consolider la conservation de la biodiversité des cœurs. The Guadeloupe National Park, created in 1989 and modified in 2006, has become a central player in the protection of the archipelago’s biodiversity. Half of the visitors who come to Guadeloupe visit the major sites of the park. A great diversity of terrestrial, aquatic and marine habitats characterizes the hearts of the park. Geology, climate, history, as well as human intervention, have shaped landscapes and original biodiversity, today subject to various localized or global threats. Through its missions, the national park intervenes on knowledge, on management measures for the conservation of biodiversity, ecological restoration actions and a special effort of pedagogy and awareness of environmental issues. Its new challenge is to successfully mobilize the actors of the membership area and the adjacent marine buffer zone around the concept of ecological solidarity and thus consolidate the conservation of the biodiversity of core zone.
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- 2018
45. The 2013–2014 vegetation structure map of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, produced using free satellite images and software
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Andrew J. Loveridge, David W. Macdonald, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Eduardo M. Arraut, Hugo Valls-Fox, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Aeronautic Institute Technology, Partenaires INRAE, Long-Term Socio Ecological Research France, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:QH1-199.5 ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,habitat ,Protected Areas ,Logiciel ,01 natural sciences ,Software ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,biodiversity ,Parc national ,Ecology ,National park ,conservation ,Remote sensing ,Management ,Geography ,Imagerie ,protected area ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Biodiversité ,medicine.symptom ,Écologie ,reflectance ,F40 - Écologie végétale ,Télédétection ,lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,010603 evolutionary biology ,medicine ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,accuracy assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,semiarsavanna ,variability ,business.industry ,gestion de la faune et de la flore sauvages ,Forestry ,african savanna ,15. Life on land ,cartographie des fonctions de la forêt ,Research council ,Satellite ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,U30 - Méthodes de recherche ,business ,Vegetation (pathology) ,lions ,Index de végétation - Abstract
International audience; Vegetation mapping of protected areas is a cornerstone of conservation worldwide. Established in 1928 and covering over 1.4 million hectares, Hwange National Park (HNP) is the largest natural reserve in Zimbabwe. In 1993, the sole comprehensive map of its vegetation to date was produced and since then it has been used in numerous research and conservation endeavours. Over the last two decades, however, the park's vegetation changed, safari areas and forest reserves were created at its edge and high-positional accuracy data on a suite of species were collected. To tend to contemporary mapping needs, in this article, we present the 2013-2014 vegetation structure map of HNP and its surroundings. It was produced by supervised classification of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images, indices derived from these and the Landsat Tree Cover Continuous Field product. Its accuracy was assessed statistically using samples collected from high-resolution satellite imagery and basic ancillary field data. Of its total pixels, 83.2% were correctly classified. Mean omission and commission error were, respectively, 0.82 (0.74-0.90) and 0.82 (0.72-0.89), and this similarity held on a per class basis, indicating reliable area estimates. It was produced using only freely available imagery and software. Conservation implications: In addition to providing researchers and conservationists working within and around HNP with an updated vegetation map, aiming at an even broader audience, we provide a step-by-step approach for using modern freely available imagery and software for cost-effectively mapping HNP in future or other protected savannas across Africa.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Outils et appui à l'évaluation mi-parcours de la charte du parc national des Écrins
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Payan, Aurélie, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Parc national des Écrins, Domaine de Charance, 05000 Gap, and Gwenolé Le Velly
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Projet ,Charte ,Action ,Évaluation ,National park ,Charter ,Project ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Evaluation ,Partnership ,Partenariat ,Parc national - Abstract
The French government passed a new law about natural sites classified as national parks in 2006. It invited the local elected representatives to participate in defining the park project: a charter. A consultation process was developed in order to establish collectively a charter. This charter can be defined as a territorial roadmap for the park. In the Écrins national park, created in 1973 and situated in the south East of France, the charter was definitely drawn up in 2012. It lasts 15 years. In this charter, the Park and territorial actors lead projects together. On the one hand, the Park has to support municipalities in the implementations of their projects and on the other hand municipalities have to foster long-term ties with the Park, involving it in its future projects.The mid-term evaluation of the charter is going to occur next year in order to ensure that the actions are collectively achieved and determine how it might be better implemented. To ensure external validation of this charter, an annual impact assessment is carried out by an external firm.The first step of the study consisted in an improvement of the process of evaluation. Firstly, I developed analysis tools needed to begin the evaluation. In others words, I carried out a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) of the territory and a diagram which outlines key objectives. Then, I have been working on the proposed evaluation procedure and more precisely on a database. This database contains indicators associated to evaluation questions. The interviews have led me to define new indicators. Moreover, I have collected data necessary to the process of evaluation. In order to do so, I have conducted semi-structured interviews with national Park agents and partner structures (for instance the National Forestry Office).The second step has been the development of technical specifications containing a calendar with priority actions, the results expected by the national Park and planned deliverables. Moreover, I have defined all documents appended to it such as a list of actors in order to give all indispensable documents to the external consultant.Finally, I finished my work with a short analysis of two thematic areas: agriculture and natural sites. I used some indicators and I tried to answer evaluative questions associated. Besides, I put forward propositions regarding the contribution of actors to the process of evaluation.; En 2006, la loi relative aux parcs nationaux de France conduit à la mise en place d’une charte à l’image de celles des parcs naturels régionaux. Cette charte lie les acteurs du territoire au sein d’un projet collectif pour une période de 15 ans. La charte est mise en oeuvre via des conventions d’application qui formalisent les partenariats existants et à venir, entre les communes adhérentes ainsi que d’autres acteurs et le Parc. Ces conventions soulignent un engagement mutuel des deux côtés : le Parc accompagne les communes sur des projets tandis que les communes associent ce dernier en amont, dès les premières étapes du projet.Le parc national des Écrins, l’un des trois parcs alpins créé en 1973, élabore sa charte dès 2012. Actuellement, cette charte fait l’objet d’une évaluation intermédiaire qui a pour objectif d’évaluer l’ensemble des actions qui contribuent à sa réalisation et d’améliorer sa mise en oeuvre. Cette évaluation est externalisée et le bureau d’études sera sélectionné en octobre.La première étape de mon travail a consisté en l’amélioration du dispositif d’évaluation. J’ai tout d’abord conçu deux outils indispensables à la préparation de l’évaluation qui sont une AFOM (Atouts Faiblesses Forces Opportunités) du territoire ainsi qu’un diagramme des objectifs. Par la suite, j’ai travaillé sur le dispositif d’évaluation qui est constitué d’une base de données. Cette dernière comporte des indicateurs définis au préalable et qui sont associés à des questions évaluatives. Par ailleurs, lors de cette première étape, j’ai également collecté l’ensemble des données quantitatives permettant de renseigner les indicateurs. Pour ce faire, j’ai réalisé des entretiens semi-directifs auprès de l’ensemble des agents du Parc national des Écrins ainsi qu’avec des structures partenaires comme l’ONF et les communautés de communes.Lors de la seconde étape, j’ai participé à l’élaboration du cahier des charges détaillant le calendrier d’actions, les attentes du Parc par rapport à l’évaluation ainsi que les livrables. De plus, j’ai défini et j’ai réalisé les documents annexes à associer au cahier des charges tels que la liste d’acteurs afin que le bureau d’études ait tous les moyens à sa disposition pour pouvoir réaliser l’évaluation.Enfin, la dernière partie de mon travail, plus analytique, a consisté en l’évaluation de deux thématiques qui sont l’agriculture et les milieux naturels. Dans cette optique, j’ai utilisé la base de données que j’avais complétée au préalable. Pour finir, sur la base de freins ainsi que de leviers évoqués par les différents acteurs rencontrés lors des entretiens, j’ai émis des recommandations.
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- 2018
47. Lutte de territoire dans le parc national de Dartmoor
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Méténier, Marie, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège international des sciences territoriales (CIST), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
- Subjects
Representations ,[SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law ,England ,communication ,Angleterre ,représentations ,National park ,Environmental conflict ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,lutte environnementale ,parc national ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
International audience; For seventeen year, Dartmoor National Park has been the theatre of a conflict between members of a small community, who have tried to live in a sustainable way in a wood they have bought, and the Dartmoor National Park Authority, which is the planning authority to whom local people have addressed complaints against the permanent settlement of the community. Hence it seems to be a classical environmental conflict which usually takes place in protected areas; the range of digital tools used for this media battle has made this case of the Steward Woodland Community an example in England. In order to raise money, new tools of communication and mobilisations have contributed to create new territory's contentious representations through the legal process and finally, it is the wider question of what should be the purposes of National Parks in England. Should they support sustainable initiatives or should they stick to the law and the rules already fixed? Once a precedent is pronounced, it could be difficult to go back.; Le parc national de Dartmoor en Angleterre fait l'objet depuis près de 17 ans d'une lutte opposant les membres d'une communauté composée d'adultes et d'enfants (la Steward Woodland Community), dont l'objectif est de vivre conformément aux principes du développement durable à travers des pratiques comme la permaculture, à l'autorité gestionnaire du parc national ainsi qu'aux locaux qui s'opposent fermement à l'installation à perpétuité de cette communauté dans une parcelle boisée dont ils sont pourtant propriétaires. Si ce conflit environnemental semble classique dans l'arène que constitue bien souvent les espaces protégés, c'est bien la joute médiatique, mobilisant tous les nouveaux outils de communication et de mobilisation qui en ont fait un cas emblématique. Si dans un premier temps le conflit médiatique a entraîné la création de représentations territoriales conflictuelles, au fil des étapes juridiques c'est bien la remise en question des objectifs même des parcs nationaux en Angleterre qui s'est dessinée.
- Published
- 2018
48. Local perceptions of tree diversity, resource utilisation and ecosystem services provision at the periphery of Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe
- Author
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Gregory Mero Dowo, Shakkie Kativu, and Michel De Garine-Wichatitsky
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Resource (biology) ,Wildlife ,Biodiversity ,Woodland ,gestion des ressources naturelles ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,Conservation des ressources ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,Resource management ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,Savane ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Parc national ,National park ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Forestry ,Communauté rurale ,Focus group ,E51 - Population rurale ,services écosystémiques ,010601 ecology ,Geography ,Produit forestier non ligneux ,Forêt ,Zone protegée ,Écosystème forestier ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Biodiversité ,business ,Écosystème - Abstract
Efforts to conserve biodiversity in savanna ecosystems have mostly focused on wildlife protection, whereas the relationships between communities at the peripheries of protected areas and their local woodlands have been largely ignored. We explored local perceptions of tree diversity around a national park within a Transfrontier Conservation Area and its importance in providing ecosystem services to local people and factors influencing such perceptions. We also focused on how the different communities view their relationship with the park. The study was carried out around Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe within the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area. 247 individual interviews and 3 focus group discussions involving between eight to thirteen participants were held between June and November 2014 in Malipati and Chomupani communal areas as well as Gonakudzingwa farms. The free-listing approach was utilised for collecting ethnobotanical data and analysis included one-way analysis of variance and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Proximity to park and tenure system were factors found to have a major influence on how the local communities perceived the role of tree diversity in providing ecosystem services and how they related with the park. Communities adjacent to the Park (Malipati communal area and Gonakudzingwa Farms) identified more utilised tree species, ecosystem services as well as benefits from the park than the community further from park (Chomupani communal area). Respondents from Gonakudzingwa, with a higher wealth status, however, showed less dependence on non-timber forest products than those from Malipati. Our results demonstrate the need for resource management approaches to consider such factors when designing benefit sharing schemes in Transfrontier Conservation Areas and the vulnerability of communal areas not located close to the protected area as they may not have access to essential biodiversity and ecosystem services.
- Published
- 2018
49. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and selected wildlife species at selected livestock/wildlife interface areas of the Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe
- Author
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Michel De Garine-Wichatitsky, Davies M. Pfukenyi, Gift Matope, Massimo Scacchia, Masimba Ndengu, Musavengana Tivapasi, and Barbara Bonfini
- Subjects
Serotype ,Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Subspecies ,L73 - Maladies des animaux ,Interactions biologiques ,0403 veterinary science ,0302 clinical medicine ,Food Animals ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Zoonoses ,Brucellose ,Prevalence ,Longitudinal Studies ,Parc national ,National park ,Contrôle de maladies ,Zoonosis ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Animal domestique ,Épidémiologie ,Parity ,Livestock ,Female ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,zoonose ,Buffle africain ,Zimbabwe ,040301 veterinary sciences ,030231 tropical medicine ,Wildlife ,Cattle Diseases ,Animals, Wild ,Biology ,Brucellosis ,Sérologie ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Animals ,Transmission des maladies ,Bovin ,business.industry ,Animal sauvage ,Morbidité ,medicine.disease ,Brucella ,Sérotype ,Logistic Models ,Antilope ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Animals, Zoo ,Cattle ,business - Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence and risk factors for Brucella species infection in cattle and some wildlife species in communities living at the periphery of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in south eastern Zimbabwe. Three study sites were selected based on the type of livestock–wildlife interface: porous livestock–wildlife interface (unrestricted); non-porous livestock–wildlife interface (restricted by fencing); and livestock–wildlife non-interface (totally absent or control). Sera were collected from cattle aged ≥ 2 years representing both female and intact male animals. Sera were also collected from selected wild ungulates from Mabalauta (porous interface) and Chipinda (non-interface) areas of the Gonarezhou National Park. Samples were screened for Brucellaantibodies using the Rose Bengal plate test and confirmed by the complement fixation test. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression modelling. In cattle, brucellosis seroprevalence from all areas was 16.7% (169/1011; 95% CI: 14.5–19.2%). The porous interface recorded a significantly (p = 0.03) higher seroprevalence (19.5%; 95% CI: 16.1–23.4%) compared to the non-interface area (13.0%; 95% CI: 9.2–19.9%).The odds of Brucellaseropositivity increased progressively with parity of animals and were also three times higher (OR = 3.0, 2.0 < OR < 4.6, p < 0.0001) in cows with history of abortion compared to those without.Brucella antibodies were detected in buffaloes; 20.7% (95% CI: 13.9–29.7%) form both study sites, but no antibodies were detected from impalas and kudus. These results highlight the importance of porous interface in the interspecies transmission of Brucella species and that independent infections may be maintained in buffalo populations. Thus, brucellosis control aimed at limiting animal inter-species mixing may help reduce the risk of human brucellosis in interface areas. Further studies should aim at establishing subspecies identity and direction of possible transmission of brucellosis between wildlife and livestock.
- Published
- 2017
50. Does the altitude affect the stability of montane forests? A study in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- Author
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Charles Doumenge, C. Amani, Christelle Gonmadje, L. Cirimwami, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, and Jean-Marie Kahindo
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Canopy ,Biodiversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Altitude ,K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales ,Forêt tropicale humide ,Shade tolerance ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Parc national ,Pioneer species ,National park ,Diameter at breast height ,Forestry ,Understory ,Montagne ,Régénération naturelle ,F40 - Ecologie végétale ,biodiversité forestière ,Geography ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
To understand the functioning of montane forests, this study was conducted in the highlands of the Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The relationship between the altitude and the floristic stability of woody layers and regeneration capability of canopy species after many years of disturbance was studied. Ten 1-ha plots were established from 1935m to 2760m a.s.l. In each plot we inventoried the trees =10cm of diameter at breast height (DBH), separating a canopy layer (10% of the tallest trees) and an understorey layer (all the other trees). In each plot, we nested a 0.1 ha subplot to inventory the saplings between 1 and 10 cm DBH. We found that the Jaccard index of dissimilarity between the understorey layer and the canopy layer decreases with the altitude. The proportion of species which are well represented in the three layers increases with the altitude. The number of pioneer species decreases with the altitude while that of non-pioneer and shade tolerant species increases. These findings suggest that altitude influences the stability of highland forests, higher altitude being more stable than lower ones in the case of this study.
- Published
- 2017
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