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In this work, soybean lecithin (LC) was used to modify β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with hydrophobic fat chains to become amphiphilic (LC-CD), and vitamin E (VE) was encapsulated in former modified β-CD complexes (LC-CD-VE), the new Pickering emulsions stabilized by LC-CD-VE and LC-CD complexes for the delivery of β-carotene (BC) were created. The surface tension, contact angle, zeta potential, and particle size were used to assess the changes in complexes nanoparticles at various pH values. Furthermore, LC-CD-VE has more promise as Pickering emulsion stabilizer than LC-CD because of the smaller particle size (271.11 nm), proper contact angle (58.02°), and lower surface tension (42.49 mN/m). The interactions between β-cyclodextrin, soybean lecithin, and vitamin E were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The durability of Pickering emulsions was examined at various volume fractions of the oil phase and concentrations of nanoparticles. Compared to the emulsion stabilized by LC-CD, the one stabilized by LC-CD-VE showed superior storage stability. Moreover, for the delivery of BC, Pickering emulsions stabilized by LC-CD and LC-CD-VE can outperform bulk oil and Tween 80 stabilized emulsions in terms of UV light stability, storage stability, and bioaccessibility. This work could offer fresh perspectives on stabilizer alternatives for Pickering emulsion delivery systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The food industry has paid lots of attentions to curcumin because of its potential bioactive qualities. However, its use is severely constrained by its low bioavailability, stability and water solubility. Herein, we created sodium caseinate and carboxymethylpachymaran (CMP) nanoparticles (SMCNPs) that were loaded with curcumin. The composite nanoparticles were spherical, as characterized by SEM and TEM, the fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR and XRD research revealed that hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction were the main drivers behind the creation of the nanoparticles. The SMCNPs exhibited lower particle size, greater dispersion and higher encapsulation rate when the mass ratio of sodium caseinate to CMP was 3:5 (particle size of 166.8 nm, PDI of 0.15, and encapsulation efficiency of 88.07 %). The composite nanoparticles had good antioxidant activity, physical stability and sustained release effect on intestinal tract during the in vitro simulation experiments, successfully preventing the early release of curcumin into gastric fluid. Finally, cytotoxicity studies told that the prepared composite nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and can inhibit the growth of tumor cells (HT-29). In conclusion, using CMP and sodium caseinate as carriers in this study may open up a fresh, environmentally friendly, and long-lasting way to construct a bioactive material delivery system., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Interfacial self-assembly has become a powerful force for regulating the amphipathy of Pickering emulsions on the oil/water interface. Herein, metal-phenolic supramolecular coatings, acting as a regulator on the oil/water interface, were fabricated on the surface of zein nanoparticles (NPs), as a consequence of which the prepared Pickering emulsions stabilized by the decorated zein NPs exhibited diverse properties, decided by different concentrations of zein, tannic acid (TA), and metal ions (Fe 3+ ). Metal-phenolic network-decorated zein NPs named ZTFe x NPs (ZTFe NPs represented zein/TA/Fe 3+ NPs, and x represented different concentrations of compounds) exhibited increasing diameters of 100-110 nm. Three-phase contact angles also showed that the strong hydrophobicity of zein NPs could be decreased as a result of the formation of metal-phenolic networks. As for corresponding Pickering emulsions, the covering of TA-Fe 3+ networks on zein NPs could enhance the stability of zein NP-based emulsion obviously, which might be due to the fact that ZTFe x NPs revealed the ability to form strong films on the oil/water interfaces. ZTFe4 was selected as an optimal concentration because of its minimum size and excellent storage stability. Besides, it was also found that the diameter of ZTFe4-based emulsion enhanced with the increase in the oil phase. The rheological measurement results showed that both G ' and G ″ increased with the increase of x and the oil phase. In general, our paper not only highlighted a straightforward method for the interfacial nanofabrication of solid particles but also provided a novel and potential strategy in Pickering emulsion applications.

Herein, a promising carrier, graphene oxide (GO) decorated with ZnO nanoparticles, denoted as GO/ZnO composite, has been designed and constructed. This carrier was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Then, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized onto the GO-based materials via physical adsorption. Our results indicated that the lipase loading amount on the GO/ZnO composites was about 73.52 mg of protein per g. In the activity assay, the novel immobilized lipase GO/ZnO@CRL, exhibited particularly excellent performance in terms of thermostability and reusability. Within 30 min at 50 °C, the free lipase, GO@CRL and ZnO@CRL had respectively lost 64%, 62% and 41% of their initial activity. However, GO/ZnO@CRL still retained its activity of 63% after 180 min at 50 °C. After reuse of the GO/ZnO@CRL 14 times, 90% of the initial activity can be recovered. Meanwhile, the relative activity of GO@CRL and ZnO@CRL was 28% and 23% under uniform conditions. Hence, GO-decorated ZnO nanoparticles may possess great potential as carriers for immobilizing lipase in a wide range of applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

In this work, a new cellulose derivative, octadecyl modified quaternized cellulose (ODMQC), was synthesized and used as additive in the background electrolyte for capillary electrophoresis. The derivative bearing hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups can self-assemble into a stable nano-scaled micelle structure in aqueous solution. When ODMQC was added in running buffer, the capillaries were shown to generate applicable anodal EOF over the investigated range of pH 3.0-12.0. Due to the lack of UV active groups, the ODMQC did not disturb the UV detection. It is shown that ODMQC-added capillaries allow the separation of basic proteins by reducing their adsorption onto the capillary wall. Also, the addition of ODMQC provides adequate separation of aromatic acids with low pKa values and improved separation of sulfa drugs. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the addition of ODMQC can incorporate an additional reversed-phase mechanism that improves the separation of neutral analytes., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

To effectively deliver lutein, hydrothermally prepared tea seed cake protein nanoparticles (TSCPN) were used to fabricate Pickering emulsion, and the bioaccessibility of lutein encapsulated by Pickering emulsion and the conventional emulsion was evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that the average size and absolute value of zeta potential of TSCPN increased along with the increase in the protein concentration, and 2% protein concentration was adopted to prepare TSCPN. With the increase in the concentration of TSCPN, the size of Pickering emulsion decreased from 337.02 μm to 89.36 μm, and when the TSCPN concentration was greater than 0.6%, all emulsions exhibited good stability during the 14 days storage. Combined with the microstructure result, 1.2% TSCPN was used to stabilize Pickering emulsion. With the increase in ionic concentration (0–400 mM), the particle size of the emulsions increased while the absolute value of zeta potential decreased. TSCPN-based Pickering emulsion was superior to the conventional emulsion for both lutein encapsulation (96.6 ± 1.0% vs. 82.1 ± 1.4%) and bioaccessibility (56.0 ± 1.1% vs. 35.2 ± 1.2%). Thus, TSCPN-based Pickering emulsion in this study have the potential as an effective carrier for lutein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin is a hydrophobic substance with various beneficial biological activities. Its weak solubility and instability, however, now restrict its usage as a functional food. Herein, the purpose of this work is to fabricate curcumin-loaded bovine serum albumin/carboxymethylpachymaran nanoparticles (BMCNPs) to overcome these challenges. Under optimal conditions, the BMCNPs were spherically shaped with a surface charge of −31.4 mV, polydispersity index of 0.16 and particle size of 158.3 nm were characterized by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The interactions between curcumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and carboxymethylpachymaran (CMP) were investigated. The BMCNPs had a much better curcumin encapsulation efficiency (74.1%) as well as strong antioxidant activity, storage stability, and ionic strength tolerance. The in vitro release revealed that curcumin was more successfully sustained in the small intestine stage (68.7%) and that BMCNPs were able to prevent it from releasing too early in the stomach (21.4%). Not to mention, the results of the cytotoxicity test performed on the HT-29 and IEC-6 cell lines demonstrated the acceptable biocompatibility of BMCNPs. [Display omitted] • The curcumin-loaded BSA/carboxymethylpachymaran nanoparticles were prepared. • The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin by nanoparticles was satisfactory higher. • The nanoparticles exhibit high antioxidant activity and storage stability. • The nanoparticles show intestinal slow-release effect and anticancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • GNPs adsorb as a particle, followed by deformation into a flattened shape. • In this phase, the film is a stiff viscoelastic 2D solid-like film. • In a later phase, the particles further stretch and fuse into a weaker interfacial film. • Deformability of the particles was captured using nonlinear surface rheology. • Lissajous plots were analyzed with the general stress decomposition (GSD). Protein-based soft particles possess a unique interfacial deformation behavior, which is difficult to capture and characterize. This complicates the analysis of their interfacial properties. Here, we aim to establish how the particle deformation affects their interfacial structural and mechanical properties. Gliadin nanoparticles (GNPs) were selected as a model particle. We studied their adsorption behavior, the time-evolution of their morphology, and rheological behavior at the air/water interface by combining dilatational rheology and microstructure imaging. The rheology results were analyzed using Lissajous plots and quantified using the recently developed general stress decomposition (GSD) method. Three distinct stages were revealed in the adsorption and rearrangement process. First, spherical GNPs (∼105 nm) adsorbed to the interface. Then, these gradually deformed along the interface direction to a flattened shape, and formed a firm viscoelastic 2D solid film. Finally, further stretching and merging of GNPs at the interface resulted in rearrangement of their internal structure to form a thick film with lower stiffness than the initial film. These results demonstrate that the structure of GNPs confined at the interface is controlled by their deformability, and the latter can be used to tune the properties of prolamin particle-based multiphase systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A CNTs-based biocatalytic nano-platform with steady magnetic recyclability was prepared. • The CNTs were filled with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, the holes shrunk and surface-loadable for enzymes. • Its role can be changed from biocatalyst to biosensor by loading different enzymes. The creation of biocatalytic nano-platform with high performance is the focus of attention in the field of enzyme catalysis. However, most enzyme nanoreactors suffer from poor versatility and recovery ability. Herein, we construct a versatile biocatalytic nano-platform with steady magnetic recyclability through hybrid magnetic carbon nanotubes (named by h-CNT/Fe 3 O 4 /ZrO 2), realize the role of biocatalyst by the covalent attachment of lipase. On the other side, glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the h-CNT/Fe 3 O 4 /ZrO 2 to prepare dual enzyme system (GOx@h-CNT/Fe 3 O 4 /ZrO 2) for glucose detecting via colorimetric assay, this is its role as biosensor. In order to build an amphiphilic nano-bio interface, hydroxyl contained carbon nanotubes were selected as the substrate material of nano-platform. We punch lots of mesopores on the tube wall and inject Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles into inner nanotubes via these openings, then shrunk mesoporous by zirconia to maintain the magnetic recyclability. We believed such an architecture that can not only offer the comfortable bio-nano interfaces for enzyme but also effectively avoid the loss of magnetism thus brings constant recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliadin nanoparticles (GNPs) have impressive foaming properties, but their foam capacity and stability are sensitive to acidic pH, due to inferior interfacial properties. To regulate the interfacial behavior, pectin was introduced to surface modulation of GNPs and its influence on the structure, interfacial properties, and macroscopic foaming performances of GNPs at a pH of 3.5–5.8 was discussed. Results exhibited that pectin and gliadin could form complex nanoparticles (GPNPs) at pH ranging from 3.5 to 5.8, mainly through electrostatic interaction. The half-life time of foam covered by GPNPs at pH 3.5 were about 160-fold larger than that of GNPs at the same pH. This was because the large GPNPs with irregular shape exhibited hard particle-like characteristic and could not deform at the interface, but interestingly, they closely arranged at the interface in a seemingly stacked way. This led to the high particle coverage and the formation of the steric barrier layer, which effectively prevented foam from disproportionation and coalescence. Besides, the unadsorbed GPNPs located at the Plateau borders could act as corks to slow down the drainage. With respect to GPNPs at pH 5.8, they displayed the deformable property at the interface and adjacent GPNPs could cross-linked by pectin to form a tight interfacial layer. GPNPs displayed high foamability, strong foam plasticity, and long-term stability simultaneously in a broad pH range, demonstrating that they can be utilized as an efficient foaming agent for fabricating foamed food. [Display omitted] • Gliadin NPs (GNPs) and pectin could form complex nanoparticles (GPNPs). • GPNPs at pH 3.5 exhibited hard particle-like property and high interfacial coverage. • Adjacent deformable GPNPs at pH 5.8 were cross-linked by pectin to form a tight interfacial layer. • GPNPs had impressive foamability, plasticity, and stability simultaneously in broad pH range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]