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Brownian motions and Thermophoresis are primary sources of nanoparticle diffusion in nanofluids, having substantial implications for the thermo-physical characteristics of nanofluids. With such a high need, the 2D, laminar MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic) quadratic convective stream of Carreau–Yasuda nano liquid across the stretchy sheet has been reported. The flow is caused by surface stretching. The principal purpose of this extensive study is to enhance thermal transmission. The effects of variable thermal conductivity and heat source are considered as well. The governing boundary layer equations are transmuted using similarity parameters into a series of non-linear ODEs (ordinary differential equations). The bvp4c algorithm is adopted to fix the translated system numerically. The effects of prominent similarity variables over the temperature, velocity and concentration field are graphically visualized and verified via tables. It explored that fluid's speed diminishes for the more significant inputs of the magnetic coefficient, Brownian motion coefficient and Prandtl number. The thermal efficiency is improved for larger values of thermophoretic constant, varying thermal conductance and heat-generating parameters. The concentration field has proved to be a decreasing function of nanofluid constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entropy creation by a blood-hybrid nanofluid flow with gold-tantalum nanoparticles in a tilted cylindrical artery with composite stenosis under the influence of Joule heating, body acceleration, and thermal radiation is the focus of this research. Using the Sisko fluid model, the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood is investigated. The finite difference (FD) approach is used to solve the equations of motion and entropy for a system subject to certain constraints. The optimal heat transfer rate with respect to radiation, Hartmann number, and nanoparticle volume fraction is calculated using a response surface technique and sensitivity analysis. The impacts of significant parameters such as Hartmann number, angle parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, body acceleration amplitude, radiation, and Reynolds number on the velocity, temperature, entropy generation, flow rate, shear stress of wall, and heat transfer rate are exhibited via the graphs and tables. Present results disclose that the flow rate profile increase by improving the Womersley number and the opposite nature is noticed in nanoparticle volume fraction. The total entropy generation reduces by improving radiation. The Hartmann number expose a positive sensitivity for all level of nanoparticle volume fraction. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the radiation and nanoparticle volume fraction showed a negative sensitivity for all magnetic field levels. It is seen that the presence of hybrid nanoparticles in the bloodstream leads to a more substantial reduction in the axial velocity of blood compared to Sisko blood. An increase in the volume fraction results in a noticeable decrease in the volumetric flow rate in the axial direction, while higher values of infinite shear rate viscosity lead to a significant reduction in the magnitude of the blood flow pattern. The blood temperature exhibits a linear increase with respect to the volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles. Specifically, utilizing a hybrid nanofluid with a volume fraction of 3% leads to a 2.01316% higher temperature compared to the base fluid (blood). Similarly, a 5% volume fraction corresponds to a temperature increase of 3.45093%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting the heat transfer rate in a base fluid is of interest to researchers; many traditional methods have been utilized to do this. One significant way is using nanofluid to boost thermal performance. This investigation sought to improve the transmission of a thermal above-stretching inclined surface over an upper surface to be influenced by the magnetic field B 0 along the microgravity g * (τ) = g 0 (1 + a cos (π ω t)) . The G-jitter impacts were analyzed for three colloidal fluids flow; the mono micropolar nanofluid (alumina/water), micropolar hybrid nanofluid (alumina–titanium)/water, and micropolar trihybrid nanofluid (alumina–titanium–silicon)/water. Using suitable transformation, the governing formulation was changed into an ordinary differential equation. In a Matlab script, a computational code was composed to evaluate the impacts of the involved parameters on fluid dynamics. The fluid flow motion and thermal performance for the trihybrid case were greater than the mono and hybrid nanofluid cases subject to a microgravity environment. The fluid velocity and microrotation function decreased in opposition to the magnetic parameter's increasing strength, but with an increasing trend in the fluid temperature function. Fluctuations in the velocity gradient and heat flow gradient increased as the modulation amplitude increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood flow rate monitoring is of great interest to engineers in biomedical sciences and medical investigators, because it may be used to identify a number of cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmia and atherosclerosis. Many researchers have studied cardiac and arterial blood flow using many non-Newtonian fluid models. Blood-like properties are found in several non-Newtonian fluid models, including the tangent hyperbolic, Casson, Williamson, Oldroyd B, Powell–Eyring fluid, etc. The shear-thinning qualities of the tangent hyperbolic fluid model allow it to depict the rheological aspects of blood more adequately. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the effects of gyrotactic microorganisms on the wedge and stagnation point of a plate, along with the flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over it. A set of appropriate self-similarity variables is used to transform the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations. The Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg procedure is then rummage-sale to solve these equations. The fluid’s transport qualities are demonstrated through the use of graphs and tables, which illustrate the impact of active parameters. Microorganisms with high motile density are typically associated with Weissenberg numbers. The thermophoresis parameter decreases in wedge and stagnation point flow examples, while it increases in plate flow cases. The multiple linear regression analysis reveals that the parameter of temperature difference significantly influences the heat transfer rate. The study sheds light on a number of topics, including hyperthermia therapies (such as those used to combat cancer), and the transmission of heat and mass in blood streams inside the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, the thin‐film flow of Maxwell nanofluid has been considered on an inclined stretched sheet by using the idea of double diffusion. Non‐Newtonian fluids are mostly used in biological processing, chemical reactions, and industrial applications. Magnetic effects have been applied to the flow system in the normal direction. The variable thickness of the liquid film varied during the double diffusion under the influence of the embedded parameters. Equations that handled the flow phenomenon have been changed to dimension‐free format and then have been solved by employing the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The substantial parameters were traced out during the conversion of flow equations and discussed theoretically using a graphical view. Higher values of the double diffusion parameters decay the thermal and concentration profiles. It has been revealed in this study that fluid motion has retarded with augmenting values of magnetic field effects, unsteadiness parameter, and thin‐film thickness. Temperature distribution upsurges with higher values of Brownian motion, and thermophoresis parameters while decreasing with growth in film thickness factor and thermal Maxwell parameter. Concentration profiles upsurge with augmenting values of thermophoresis parameter and retard with growth in Brownian motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) bio-convective flow and heat transfer of nanofluid, due to the swimming of the gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved stretched sheet, is examined. In addition, thermophoresis and Brownian motion behaviors are also investigated by assuming slip conditions at the boundary. A non-linear system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). For convergent solutions, the obtained ODE system is solved by the use of the BVP4C routine integrated MATLAB package. In addition, the impacts of different influential parameters on motile micro-organisms, temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles are deliberated. The velocity field is observed to be reduced when the slip parameter increases. As the main results, it is demonstrated that the distribution of motile microorganisms against the curvature parameter decreases significantly. Similarly, it is found that the nanofluid parameters (i.e., Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters) and the Peclet number reduce the motile micro-organisms' number. On the other hand, it is evidenced that the motile micro-organisms' distribution can be improved with an increase in bio-convective Schmidt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the heat transfer potential of the base fluids can also be improved by adding nanoparticles to them. These nanotechnology-based fluids, called nanofluid, have superior properties such as high thermal conductivity, large critical heat flux (CHF) and improved heat transfer coefficient. The purpose of this paper is to study the thermal effectiveness of nanoparticles in transient flow of Maxwell fluid together the properties of mixed convection and magnetic field. Thermal field is controlled with the novel aspects of variable conductivity and nonuniform heat sink/source. Additionally, the impact of Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions is considered caused by nanoparticles dispersion in the fluid. The appropriate conversions yield the governing nonlinear ordinary differential system. Homotopic approach has been utilized to attain the solution of differential system and results are envisioned graphically. This study explores that the buoyancy ratio and mixed convection parameters enhance the velocity field. Further, the heat transfer rate rises significantly as the thermophoretic and Brownian diffusion parameters increase. Moreover, the effect of nonuniform heat source/sink on temperature field is noticed to be an increasing trend of temperature profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study addresses the fluid transport behaviour of the flow of gold (Au)-copper (Cu)/biomagnetic blood hybrid nanofluid in an inclined irregular stenosis artery as a consequence of varying viscosity and Lorentz force. The nonlinear flow equations are transformed into dimensionless form by using nonsimilar variables. The finite-difference technique (FTCS) is involved in computing the nonlinear transport dimensionless equations. The significant parameters like angle parameter, the Hartmann number, changing viscosity, constant heat source, the Reynolds number, and nanoparticle volume fraction on the flow field are exhibited through figures. Present results disclose that the Lorentz force strongly lessens the hybrid nanofluid velocity. Elevating the Grashof number values enhances the rate of blood flow. Growing values of the angle parameter cause to reduce the resistance impedance on the wall. Hybrid nanoparticles have a superior wall shear stress than copper nanoparticles. The heat transfer rate is amplifying at the axial direction with the growing values of nanoparticles concentration. The applied Lorentz force significantly reduces the hybrid and unitary nanofluid flow rate in the axial direction. The hybrid nanoparticles expose a supreme rate of heat transfer than the copper nanoparticles in a blood base fluid. Compared to hybrid and copper nanofluid, the blood base fluid has a lower temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the word Hybrid is mostly used due to its high impact on various systems like medicinal manufacturing, automotive experimental designs, electrical designs of where heat transport is vital and naval equipment designs etc. The underlying intension of this study is to oversee flow and heat transmission on the three- dimensional boundary layer flow owing to the stretching along x −direction and y −direction of an incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid through a rectangular closed domain is considered. Nanoparticles magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape were considered along with water as base fluid. The proposed system is numerically solved with shooting procedure (R-K 4th order). Outcomes obtained for velocity along x -direction f ′(ζ), velocity along y -direction g (ζ), and temperature distribution θ (ζ) are elucidated via the construction of graph. Comparative studies of obtained results with previously published results are discoursed with different compositions (Composition-I, Composition-II, and Composition-III). The Compsition-1 of mixture as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape with base water at 00 c , Composition-II mixture as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape with base water at 100 c and Composition-III mixture as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) in spherical shape, copper (Cu) in cylindrical shape and silver (Ag) in platelet shape with base water at 500 c.The main outcome of this study is found to be - The important note is the friction factor is higher in normal water compared to water at 100 c , water at500 c.the heat transfer rate is more in quadratic thermal radiation case compared to linear radiation case. The significant note is intermediate temperature water at 100 c is more equated to other two cases water at 500 c and normal water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research investigates the effects of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and multi buoyancy forces on MHD Prandtl fluid as it flows through a stretched cylinder with convective boundary conditions. Linear thermal conductivity is included in the energy equation's development. The nanofluid flows are important in cooling systems, modern nano-technology, electronic parts and heat exchangers. The primary objective of this research is to enhance heat transportation. The problem consists of nonlinear PDEs and these equations are transformed into ODEs by incorporating suitable similarity transformations. The shooting strategy is used to solve the problem numerically after converting the non-dimensional ordinary differential equations to a system of first-order ODEs. A comparison is made between the MATLAB-generated findings and those that have already been published. The numerical results of various parameters have been systematically organized into tabular representations. Graphs show how significant parameters affect the given velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism measurements. When the buoyancy ratio and bio-convective Rayleigh number increase, the velocity profile drops; however, the temperature profile shows increasing behavior for the thermal radiation parameter. The concentration profiles are enhanced for the higher inputs in curvature parameter, magnetic parameter, and activation parameter while the density of motile microbes' decay for enhanced inputs of bio-convective Lewis number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]