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Recently there has been much philosophical interest in the analysis of concepts to determine whether they should be removed, revised, or replaced. Enquiry of this kind is referred to as conceptual engineering or conceptual ethics. We will call it revisionary conceptual analysis (RCA). It standardly involves describing the meaning of a concept, evaluating whether it serves its purposes, and prescribing what it should mean. However, this stands in tension with prescriptivism , a metasemantic view which holds that all meaning claims are prescriptions. If prescriptivism is correct, then one is faced with two options: either (1) give up on the possibility of RCA, or (2) come up with a version of RCA that is consistent with the idea that all meaning claims are prescriptive. In this paper we offer an argument for (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs, also known as 'bad cholesterol') are the major carriers of circulating cholesterol and the main causative risk factor of atherosclerosis. Plasma LDLs are 20- to 25-nm nanoparticles containing a core of cholesterol esters surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and a single copy of apolipoprotein B (550 kDa). An early sign of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of LDL-derived lipid droplets in the arterial wall. According to the widely accepted 'response-to-retention hypothesis', LDL binding to the extracellular matrix proteoglycans in the arterial intima induces hydrolytic and oxidative modifications that promote LDL aggregation and fusion. This enhances LDL uptake by the arterial macrophages and triggers a cascade of pathogenic responses that culminate in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hence, LDL aggregation, fusion, and lipid droplet formation are important early steps in atherogenesis. In vitro, a variety of enzymatic and nonenzymatic modifications of LDL can induce these reactions and thereby provide useful models for their detailed analysis. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the in vivo and in vitro modifications of LDLs leading to their aggregation, fusion, and lipid droplet formation; outline the techniques used to study these reactions; and propose a molecular mechanism that underlies these pro-atherogenic processes. Such knowledge is essential in identifying endogenous and exogenous factors that can promote or prevent LDL aggregation and fusion in vivo and to help establish new potential therapeutic targets to decelerate or even block these pathogenic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin tabellae deixionum represent a special kind of epigraphic documents, the interpretation of which -- as is well known -- is often rather difficult. What complicates their understanding is the fact that the surviving texts are in many cases damaged or even fragmentary and contain many errors, depending on the education level of the writers who, in addition, used their imagination to produce their own variants and modifications of the current curse formulas. Therefore, it is necessary for the researcher to overcome the problems of text reconstruction caused by the lacuns as well as the exegetic problems concerning the specific and often rather strange wishes of the cursing persons. Many of these texts found either at the beginning of the 19th century or recently, require a new general reinterpretation. This paper presents new proposals and revisions of several curse tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The original bony lid technique involves removing window of cortical bone using a microsaw, removing a failing implant through the window, and then replacing the bone into its original position. The purpose of this case series was to present modifications to the bony lid technique to improve outcomes. Materials and Methods: Ten patients (9 men and 1 woman) aged between 47 and 89 years were treated during a 5-year period with modifications to the bony lid tech nique. Modifications to the bony lid technique included restricting the size of the bony lid, use of a long shank drill, performing guided bone regeneration, immediate implant placement, and providing rigid fixation. Results: No complications occurred in the 10 cases presented in this case series. An immediate implant placement procedure was performed in 3 of the 10 patients treated. Fixation screws and a mi-croplate were used to fix the bony lid in 1 patient. Allogenic bone was used in another case. Additional trephine and thin drills were used in 2 cases in the mandibular molar area. Conclusions: Replacing failing dental implants can be successfully accomplished by removing cortical bone on the buccal aspect of the implant and then replacing this bone after the implant is removed or replaced. Using allogenic bone, fix ation screws, microplates, and thin drills can help facilitate the success of this procedure. (Implant Dent 2013;22:206-211) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the mortgage modification activity specifically in the subprime sector as of spring 2012. It states that principal reductions have become a larger overall share of modification activity and second modifications constitute 30 percent of all recent modifications. It also examines the total number of modifications and modification as the percent of unpaid principal balance. It also analyzes success rates on subprime modifications.

The article offers information on the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Professional Preparation Standards which are implemented in the accreditation of childhood training and education programs. It says that the first standards were published by the NAEYC Governing Board in 1982 and were followed by several position statements such as "Guidelines for Early Childhood Education Programs in Associate Degree Granting Institutions" in 1984. It tells that the 1982 standards were revised in 1996, 2001, and 2009 in response to the various changes in the field of childhood education. It adds that 2009 revisions focus on cultural diversity, early childhood teacher education, and comprehensive professional standards integration.

An improvement of the wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP) is proposed that avoids excessive computational storage and simulation times for bulky devices. The description of such features has been a major difficulty since both small and large dimensions exist which led to hardened constraints when accuracy is required. An alternative consists in the use of appropriate modifications and interfaces of coarse numerical meshes (macropixel), which allows implementation of fine features within the circuit area. These concepts are tested and validated through comparison between measurement and simulated results. This method is applied on multi-scale circuits that could not be simulated before because of memory storage limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the application of the heightened assent rule to resolve the division between assent-based and unconscionability-based approaches to change of terms and provisions in the U.S. It explains that the heightened assent rule requires that the party must receive a heightened notice of a change of terms, addition of terms, or abrogation of terms in accordance to the provided provisions. It mentions that the rule respects the classical values of discreteness and presentation to motivate classically-minded judges.

The article provides information on the changes made to the Fellowship of the European Board of Nuclear Medicine (FEBNM) on January 1, 2009. It cites that the changes include candidate qualification, registration requirement and venue for examination. It states that the modifications comply with the instructions of Council of Specialist Medical Assessments (CESMA). The application form for the fellowship in 2009 is also presented.

The article discusses the implication of reforms in the legal education in Nigeria. According to the author, the reforms involved two phases, wherein, the first stage is the review on the provision by the Nigerian Law School and second stage is the application of the changes to undergraduates. The author noted that the from, content and methodology employed in such reforms are in line with the findings and recommendations of the Carnegie report on legal education. The author also opined that such modifications would affect every aspect of the Nigerian society.

Driver Machine Interface (DMI) is a slave unit of the train onboard computer in the ERTMS automatic train control system. The SAFEDMI project aimed at the development of a DMI which fulfills the requirements of Safety Integrity Level 2 according to the CENELEC development standards. The main challenges were (i) the reduction of the hardware complexity and costs by implementing the safety mechanisms in software and (ii) provide a safe and secure wireless communication interface to support diagnostics and maintenance. This paper presents the requirements, the design of the architecture and the wireless communication protocol, and the evaluation of the applied solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the pursuit of an innovation policy rationale underlying the modernization process of Article 82 TEC in recent policy statements and practice of the European Commission. It also discusses what modifications could be expected from the Lisbon Reform Treaty and reviews the impact of the Article 82 Review Discussion Paper.

In this paper we characterize rational Szego quadrature formulas associated with Chebyshev weight functions, by giving explicit expressions for the corresponding para-orthogonal rational functions and weights in the quadratures. As an application, we give characterizations for Szego quadrature formulas associated with rational modifications of Chebyshev weight functions. Some numerical experiments are finally presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the modifications to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001-2008. Some of the changes are that the new ISO will address a specific user need by improving clarity and eliminating confusion, correct an error in the existing standard, be consistent with the ISO 9000 family of standards and improve translation into other languages. Although the said changes will have low impact, they are said to offer the opportunity for organizations to improve their quality management systems.

Abstract: The transcriptional programs of neural progenitor cells change dynamically during neurogenesis, a process regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although many of the transcription factors required for neuronal differentiation have long been identified, we are only at the brink of understanding how epigenetic mechanisms influence transcriptional activity and the accessibility of transcription factors to bind consensus cis-elements. Herein, we delineate the chief epigenetic modifications and the machinery responsible for these alterations. Further, we review the epigenetic modifications presently known to participate in the maintenance of the neural progenitor cell state and in the regulation of neuronal differentiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study examines the revision histories of 10 Wikipedia articles nominated for the site's Featured Article Class (FAC), its highest quality rating, 5 of which achieved FAC and 5 of which did not. The revisions to each article were coded, and the coding results were combined with a descriptive analysis of two representative articles in order to determine revision patterns. All articles in both groups showed a higher percentage of additions of new material compared to deletions and revisions that rearranged the text. Although the FAC articles had roughly equal numbers of content and surface revisions, the non-FAC articles had fewer surface revisions and were dominated by content revisions. Although the unique features of the Wikipedia environment inhibit strict comparisons between these results and those of earlier revision studies, these results suggest revision in this environment places unique structural demands on writers, possibly leading to unique revision patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the second phase of a 2-year study of students' linguistic and compositional processes, this article describes students' reflections on their online revision processes, those revisions made during the process of translating thoughts into written text. The data collected were from classroom observation and post hoc interviews with 34 students, who were observed during a writing task in the English classrooms and interviewed subsequently to elicit their reflections and understandings of their own revising processes. The analysis indicates that students tend to conceptualize revision as a macro-strategy and as a task that is predominantly undertaken as a posttextual production reviewing activity. It also indicates that students engage in multiple revising activities during writing, including many revisions that are not concerned with simple matters of surface accuracy, and many students are able to talk about these perceptively and with insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the approach used by those revision experts par excellence—that is, professional editors-should enable researchers to better grasp the revision process. To further explore this hypothesis, the author conducted research among professional editors, six of whom she filmed as they engaged in their practice. An analysis of their work approach strategies showed their detection strategies to consist in anticipating errors and in comparing the author's text with the editor's knowledge, which appears in a range of states: certitude, uncertainty, and ignorance. Furthermore, the participating editors used problem-solving strategies to automatically solve more than half of the problems encountered in the text. Otherwise, they used immediate or postponed strategies. This description of professional editors in action opens a number of avenues for the further research and development of in-class instruction of self-revision and professional editing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contrasts two families of approaches to certain affixal verb constructions in Japanese, with particular emphasis on the ’potential’ construction. Scope facts in this construction have been offered as support for complex predicate analyses, in which there is no syntactic constituent consisting of the object and lower verb, to the exclusion of the potential head - rare. We provide a variety of arguments, primarily from aspectual modification properties, which strongly challenge this family of approaches and favor instead VP-complementation approaches in which the potential head selects a thematically complete VP complement. Finally, we show how the scope facts may be accommodated on such a viewpoint, drawing connections to similar properties with other restructuring configurations cross-linguistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the reasons why modifying works of art is wrong and not wrong. Modifying is defined as purposefully adding to and taking away from and most likely changing the objectives of the properties of the work. Modifying works of art are not at all times wrong. It is not wrong when the artist is in the right context and time. The modification of black and white films into colored ones is also considered acceptable modification of works of art.

The goal of the is to improve testing practices, but their impact on practice appears spotty. Self-regulation clearly fails in some instances. The establishment of an external agency to oversee testing practices and adherence to the would face substantial hurdles, and the ambiguity of many of the Standards would hobble such an organization if one were created. Many of the Standards are general statements of principle, and past controversies make clear that we in the field often disagree about the reasons for them, their applicability to specific cases, and their practical meaning in specific contexts. This paper argues that the field should follow two approaches to lessen this ambiguity. First, using journals, conferences, and other vehicles, we should foster more frequent and more protracted debate about the practical meaning of key Standards, such as 13.6 and 13.7, which mandate that a decision that will have a “major impact” on a student should not be based on a single score. Second, future revisions of the should use concrete examples of testing practices to clarify the meaning of the Standards, much as the legal system uses case law to clarify the meaning of the general principles embodied in statutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compatibility between freedom as possibility of change and continuity of personal identity is questionable. Change implies revisions. The tension between ensuring continuity of choice and evaluating a situation of choice that has been changed by these very revisions can be overcome by putting certain conditions on epistemic revision and preference revision. These conditions define a procedure leading to what I call a 'justified path of revision and action'. I will examine several examples in order to show how this procedure of evaluation works. It can also be used to compare two different capabilities while ensuring the continuity of personal identity and the real autonomy of the person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a position statement on two-year college writing centers in the U.S. The said position statement was inspired by the "Position Statement on Graduate Students in Writing Center Administration" and was originally drafted at the twenty-fifth East Central Writing Centers Association conference in Marietta, Ohio on March 28, 2003. The document has the intention of improving the working conditions within the two-year college writing center. The professionals who collaborated on it perceived a need among community college writing centers to have something they all could point to in their professional contacts, which would endorse practices and philosophies they collectively struggled to defend.

Focuses on the proposal on the effective ways to deal with names that first appeared accompanied by either a few descriptive words or a non-technical descriptive statement referred to as nomina subnuda. Addition of a new paragraph and an example after Article 32.1; Addition of a new paragraph and two examples after Article 32.1; Addition of a new paragraph and an example after Article 32.1 bis if Proposal 302 or Proposal 303 would be accepted.

Presents several proposals to clarify the code. Replacement of the term designated or definitely indicated with the word cited; Addition of a new paragraph under the article H3 reading; Addition of a new paragraph to the Article 30 reading.

LTP and LTD, the long-term potentiation and depression of excitatory synaptic transmission, are widespread phenomena expressed at possibly every excitatory synapse in the mammalian brain. It is now clear that “LTP” and “LTD” are not unitary phenomena. Their mechanisms vary depending on the synapses and circuits in which they operate. Here we review those forms of LTP and LTD for which mechanisms have been most firmly established. Examples are provided that show how these mechanisms can contribute to experience-dependent modifications of brain function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The BKCa channel, a potassium channel that is allosterically activated by voltage and calcium, is expressed in both excitable and non-excitable cells. The channel plays an important role in regulating membrane excitability. The channel activity can be modulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation. Recently, hippocampal BKCa channels were shown to be directly modulated by assembly/disassembly of the submembranous actin cytoskeleton. Here, we report that the BKCa channel physically interacts with the light chain of microtubule associated protein 1A (MAP1A). The light chain was isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human brain cDNA library. The specificity of the interaction was demonstrated in biochemical experiments utilizing GST fusion protein pulldown assays and reciprocal co-immunoprecipitations from rat brain. Furthermore, utilizing immunofluorescence, the BKCa channel and MAP1A co-localize in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. These studies identify a novel interaction between the C-terminal tail of the BKCa channel and the light chain of MAP1A, which enables channel association with and modulation by the cytoskeleton. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Microscopic observation of phloem samples taken from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), affected with necrosis, revealed major cellular modifications of this tissue. Cell walls and the middle lamella showed different types of alteration which varied according to the severity of the disease. All cell membranes appeared degraded, especially the plasmalemma which was vesiculated and the plasmodesmata which were extruded from the cell wall. Tylosoids in diseased roots and coagulation of rubber inside latice vessels are also described. The origin and the nature of the alteration to the phloem are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common type of facility layout project is re-layout, which involves rearranging existing equipment in a facility. Project schedule development is an often overlooked yet critical portion of a facility re-layout project. When developing a re-layout project schedule, departments cannot be moved into their final locations until all previous occupants have moved. By incurring the cost of moving departments to temporary locations, it is possible to reduce the overall project duration. A two-criteria mixed-integer programming model is developed that finds the schedule minimizing department move costs subject to precedence constraints. An efficient algorithm uses this model to find all non-dominated time and cost solutions to the re-layout problem. Modifications to the basic model and algorithm handle resource constraints and turnaround space constraints. The algorithm and its modifications are demonstrated on an actual re-layout project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of the directive of European Commission on environmental planning in Great Britain. It stresses the directive of the Commission of the European Communities that asked for research on Environmental Impact Analysis. It notes that the directive is anticipated to formally approve in 1982 with possibilities of substantial modifications from published draft. It emphasizes that the developer will bear the primary responsibility for supplying information required for environmental impact study. It points out that the competent authority must then make its final assessment and publish the fact that the application has been made. It further stresses that the competent authority is expected to check periodically in the event of the project being authorized.

The article presents a discussion on the recent changes in the Canadian immigration regulations. The public discussions in Canada which ensued as a result of the White Paper on immigration are in a great measure responsible for the revised immigration regulations which came into force on October 1, 1967. The new regulations are based on the government White Paper. The regulations set up three categories of immigrants: sponsored, nominated and independent. Sponsorship rights previously limited in cases of applicants from certain countries, will apply on equal terms to all areas of the world, and thus, in future, as it were, no area of the world is "off limits" for sponsorship of immigrants by their relatives in Canada. This means that a close family relationship with a Canadian citizen or resident will make it easier for a potential immigrant to gain admission to Canada. For others, the current standards of education and professional skill are revised with the application of objective tests and point ratings in nine categories. Immigrants in this category, most of whom will have no relatives in Canada, will qualify for entry if they can compile 50 "assessment units" based on their education, skill, age, and six other factors.

The article reports on maintenance and reduction of documents. The aim of the article is to present the major problems of maintenance, problems which are inherent in any document collection, problems whose existence alone gives reason to this discussion. The article also enumerates some of the major problems of reduction, and finally, to suggest some possible solution for at least a part of the numerous problems that inevitably accompany work in this field. Maintenance of a collection is concerned primarily with the document in its original form, usually paper, with graphs, supplements, revisions, addenda, changes, and sometimes a multitude of after thoughts.

The article reports developments related to professional safety in the U.S. International Safety Equipment Association's (ISEA) new draft standard, Fixed and Portable Decontamination Shower Units, is in development. Standards are being revised for two of the most popular protective devices, hardhats and safety glasses, worn by workers in countless industries to protect themselves from hazards. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers' (ASME) standard includes provisions that apply to the construction, installation, operation, inspection, testing and maintenance of guy, stiffleg,basket, breast, gin pole, Chicago boom, shearleg and A-frame derricks.

The article presents an experiment on the iodocholorination of styrene which generates experimental results unique to each individual student. It aims to satisfy many of the requirements for a successful practical experiment and produces individual results of moderate complexity from simple compounds. It also requires application of mechanistic principles to explain the results and features the safe and green chemistry approach to the exercise. It also includes basic knowledge of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with the ability to apply this knowledge in combination to solve a problem.

October is known not only for the beautiful fall colors of changing leaves but also for the changing of the codes for the annual update of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The question of what it means to follow the Standards is discussed. It is argued that the Standards consists of statements of general principles, and that interpretation for specific applications requires professional judgment. As a result, disagreements among professionals on the applicability of particular standards to specific situations are inevitable. Consequently, effective monitoring or enforcement is problematic. The need for a revision of the Standards is considered. It is concluded that while some modifications may be desirable, they might be accomplished by the creation of an addendum rather than a complete revision. It is suggested that the effort and required resources for a complete revision might be better spent on the development and adoption of a companion set of standards dealing with the use of aggregate test results in accountability systems and/or a casebook that would illustrate the application of the Standards to specific situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the Form II revisions of the pilot studies on the Child Development Center and a control nursery school. It examines the revisions which includes changes in items, format, and in sorter. Changes were based on item intersubject variability, item intersorter agreement, clarity, and age relevance. Item variance across sorters was determined for intersorter reliability. Intersubject variability was determined by noting the range of the Q-sort scale used by each item for all subjects.

The article offers a reader's comment on the request for the revision of manuscripts. The reader stressed that this action is unreasonable. The reader's preoccupation with work is also underlined. The editors stressed that the effect of the quest for quality of the publication includes the necessity for manuscript rejections and revisions.