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Cross-cultural consultation often uses metaphors. These promote narration, facilitate the therapeutic alliance, and allow psychic elaborations that release our patients' pains. The terms and conditions of their use, as well as their purposes, are more and more determined. They draw from imagination and therapists' lived experiences, in classical stories, in tales and fables from various cultures. This gives them real therapeutic potential, which must be learned to use., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, using my clinical work with a 3-year-old boy who lost his hearing when he was between 9 and 12 months old, and whose disability was only discovered when he was 22 months old, I will explore two issues of paramount technical importance when working with trauma. Firstly, it is crucial to create a boundary around the traumatic event, so that life before, during and after the trauma can be circumscribed and the traumatic event explored and hopefully understood and integrated. Secondly, it is of paramount importance to establish the level of developmental organization at the time of the trauma, especially in relation to the capacity to integrate bodily affects into mind. I will show how trauma and its vicissitudes are directly dependent on the person's capacity to resolve the splitting that trauma creates in the mind, and also the key role played by the use of metaphors in the process whereby trauma becomes thinkable and can therefore be integrated into the self., (© 2020, The Society of Analytical Psychology.)

Metaphors have always played a role in the medical tradition and in dermatology too. Beyond their initially playful aspect, metaphors offer a way of rapidly identifying a lesion and of linking it to one or more diseases. They also play a role in the education of medical students and residents by making it easier to memorise different diseases. Herein we discuss "animal" metaphors., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

This paper addresses the role of philosophical practice in the development of Aristotelian phronesis to enable younger generation to cope with human vulnerabilities. We study two sessions of philosophical practice involving eleven- and twelve-years old pupils of an educational priority area middle school in Grenoble, France. These activities are inspired by the Lipman's approach of Community of Philosophical Inquiry and the Tozzi's one of democratic and philosophical discussion. Extending our previous research, we investigate more specifically phenomena we refer to as "bimodal metaphorical philosophemes". We define them as sequences of recurring verbal and gestural metaphors that facilitate the co-construction of definitions during philosophical discussions. We show that bimodal metaphorical philosophemes foster the development of phronesis in pre-teens involved in the philosophical discussions we study. In this way, philosophical practices may help future generations cope with human vulnerabilities in the sense described by Cynthia Fleury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a speech pronounced in Quimper on the 28th, June 2018, the French president Emmanuel Macron highlights the dangers of a "nationalist leprosy" that is spreading around Europe. The expression triggers polemic reactions on the social networks by those citizens who feel concerned by the metaphor and who create two militant hashtags (Husson, 2016): #JeSuisLépreux and #Lépreux to engage in a polemic against Emmanuel Macron. In this article, a corpus of 146 tweet collected from June 2018 until September 2022 where these hashtags can be found will be analysed through the lenses of French Discourse Analysis in order to answer the following research questions: first, what are the meanings linked to the "leprosy" by those users of Twitter who perceive themselves as the target of the metaphor? Second, why the "leprosy" metaphor does not seem to be an effective argumentation strategy and leads to the alienation of some individuals? Third, what are the risks in using this metaphor and the underlying metaphor that conceptualizes society as an organism (Schlanger, 1971[1995])? Two main positions emerge from the corpus, signalling two different ways of relating to the metaphor used by the French President: a set of users contest the equivalence that is posited between "nationalism" and "leprosy", acknowledging the negative value attached to this last notion and reacting polemically to redefine their nationalist identity in more positive terms; other users appropriate the metaphor and resignify it in a positive light, thus rejecting the underlying transvalorisation (i.e., the transfer of the axiological values from the phore to the theme of the metaphor) that connotates a "leper" as a dangerous subject to be marginalized. These users claim for themselves an identity of "leper" as a form of belonging to the "people" as a homogeneous entity that is opposed to the elites, thus modifying the theme, and transforming the original reference to nationalism in an allusion to populism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philologist / Filolog: Journal of Language, Literary & Cultural Studies is the property of University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology / Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Filoloski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper seeks to propose, using a combination of psychoanalytic and linguistic thinking, a distinction between three degrees of symbolicity across the somatoform dissociative continuum: the metaphorical, in which there is a symbolic connection between the somatoform phenomenon and the traumatic content, the metonymic, which constitutes a revival of the traumatic experience without the ability to reflect on it, and the psychotic, in which the somatoform phenomenon is experienced as ego-syntonic, thus neither causes distress nor evokes thinking. Three clinical vignettes demonstrate how the higher the degree of symbolization, the more effective the therapeutic process. Finally, a fourth vignette demonstrates how acoustic association in the therapist's countertransference can constitute an antidote to the patient's acoustic dissociation, allowing the reclaiming of the capacity for linking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the article "The Felled Tree - Metaphor and Theology: The Dream of the Tree (Dan 4) in the Light of the Prophecy 'Shoot from the Stump of Jesse' (Isaiah 10:33-11:9)", Naama Golan examines the connection between the dream of the tree in Daniel and the prophecy of the "Shoot from the Stump of Jesse" in Isaiah. She describes three stages of development of the metaphor of the felled tree and the theological messages conveyed by the authors. The article shows that Nebuchadnezzar's dream about the tree in Daniel serves as an "internal biblical interpretation" for the prophecy about the "Shoot from the Stump of Jesse". Three stages can be distinguished in the development of the metaphor of the felled tree. Keywords: Isaiah 10-11, Daniel 4, tree, king, metaphor, theology. [Extracted from the article]

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This study is the evaluation of metaphors translated from Divan de Hafez proposed by De Fouchécour in order to have a general vision on the way of use of the metaphor in the two languages French and Persian by the theories of Meschonnic whose we have drawn the most important and also the most useful for our work in his various works, with a view to verifying their way of acting, twisting the meaning, producing effects and thus verifying the common points and the different points of use of the metaphor in these two languages, French and Persian and according to this principle that the work of the translator must have the same quality as that of the author, the objective of this research work is to identify the possible strategies to translate the figures of speech and also we will see the solutions found by De Fouchécour to identify means in the way of the translation of figures of speech. The proposed work is articulated around three parts: the first presents some principles of the ideas of Henri Meschonnic, the second consists of remarks on the figures of speech in French and Persian and the third presents the analysis of the ghazals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A return to the studies on metaphor has been observed, especially in the French and German languages - Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005), Hans Blumenberg (1920-1996), Anselm Haverkamp (1943-), Katrin Kohl (1956-) are some of the main exponents. This area has already configured a whole field of studies, even receiving its own denomination in these languages. In this paper, we will go through Ricoeur's theory of metaphorical reference, as developed in his seminal The Rule of the Metaphor (1975) and later works. We suggest three foundational ideas for the development of his metaphorology: the constitutive tension of the metaphorical verb to be; the suspension of the literal reference in favor of an unfolded metaphorical reference; fiction as heuristic of the real. We postulate, finally, that the Ricoeurian understanding of metaphor incorporates an extralinguistic element: the imaginative act. We aim, thus, to contribute to a return to the studies of the metaphor and the imaginary in literary theory, examining, with Ricoeur, how metaphor manages to realize: making real the metaphorical reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Paranoia is a clinical and cultural phenomenon of the 21st century. From a Jungian lens, paranoia is thought of in two fundamental ways: as a disorder of meaning rooted in the Self, and the insanity of literalism where metaphor is absent. Paranoia, in our current 'civilization in transition', takes the form of a 'tyranny of unification or the curse of the One' promulgated by waves of fear, panic, horror and exclusion towards everything that differs from the supposedly instituted order. As a single fundamentalist truth, paranoia takes root in the public field of politics where self-exhibitionism feeds the delusional paranoid logic that degrades both the personal and collective fabrics. Jungian psychology offers an antidote to paranoia by cultivating and respecting democratic spaces both analytically and in the collective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English Abstract: This article investigates how poorly monitored relocation programmes of a Chinese hydropower project in Laos have negatively influenced food experiences of resettled villagers as corporeal, social and communal beings. It extends the analysis of recent hydropower resettlement studies that have focused on how dam construction induces food insecurity but paid less attention to the villagers' strategies to tackle food shortages. The point of departure is an anthropological investigation of two prevailing eating phrases in the new settlement: 'eating together' (commensal encounters) and 'eating with the people' (a corruption metaphor in Laos). I argue that many indigent interlocutors have become more food insecure and poorer after their resettlement because their livelihood and food support are inadequately provided, and the 'big people' allegedly steal their financial compensation. This precarious situation has deepened as the new neighbourhood arrangement has halted some commensal or foodsharing practices. This ethnographic analysis of how hydropower-induced hunger is experienced, viewed and confronted from below contributes to ongoing discussions in hydropower resettlement research and food anthropology. French Abstract: Cet article étudie comment les programmes de réinstallation mal suivis d'un projet hydroélectrique chinois au Laos ont influencé négativement les expériences alimentaires des villageois réinstallés en tant qu'êtres corporels, sociaux et communautaires. Il approfondit l'analyse des études récentes sur la réinstallation des populations vivant de l'hydroélectricité, qui se sont concentrées sur la manière dont la construction des barrages induit l'insécurité alimentaire, mais qui ont accordé moins d'attention aux stratégies des villageois pour faire face aux pénuries alimentaires. Mon point de départ est une enquête anthropologique sur deux expressions alimentaires courantes dans la nouvelle colonie : « manger ensemble » (rencontres commensales) et « manger avec les gens » (métaphore de la corruption au Laos). Je soutiens que de nombreux interlocuteurs indigents sont devenus plus pauvres et ont été plongés en situation d'insécurité alimentaire après leur réinstallation parce que leurs moyens de subsistance et leur soutien alimentaire sont insuffisants et que les « grands » leur volent leurs compensations financières. Cette situation précaire s'est aggravée car le nouvel arrangement de voisinage a mis fin à certaines pratiques commensales ou de partage de la nourriture, de sorte que les villageois ont actuellement du mal à manger à leur faim. Cette étude ethnographique contribue aux discussions en cours dans la recherche sur la réinstallation de l'hydroélectricité et l'anthropologie alimentaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “house” appears frequently in the landscape of the New Testament. Seen from many perspectives, it attracts many facets of human life: anthropological, sociological, psychological and even ecological. Here we look at the life of houses, both within and without: at how Jesus in his public ministry gave them priority and how private houses were placed at the service of the spread of the Gospel at the beginning and development of the early apostolic churches. We can then observe that the word and the reality “house” were also used in a metaphorical sense, referring to realities of a higher order. Extending its metaphorical sense further, planet Earth has been recently seen as the “common house” of humans and of all living creatures and the natural world. The metaphor of the “common house” refers to the human, animal, vegetal and natural kingdom, and invites humans to live together harmoniously and respectfully in a house that belongs to them but also to all other beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Renaissance witnessed a proliferation in medical discourse, pedagogical illustration, and popular rhetoric – what I refer to here as "metaphoric botanies" – comparing the human fœtus, or embryo, to a plant. Far from being a mere linguistic inheritance from ancient medicine, such "metaphoric botanies" not only allowed early moderns to conceive of the unobservable development of the human fœtus, but also emphasized the relation of the mother to the unborn child. Much of the "metaphoric botanies" surrounding the fœtus throughout the Renaissance analogize its development to that of a plant "rooting" itself in the mother's uterus, through which it receives sustenance. Though feminist scholarship has made the important argument that such language has historically been utilized in debates surrounding abortion, these "botanies" might also be placed within a certain representational tradition, through which it might be understood as a meditation on species-being and -continuation in a period fraught with epistemological and metaphysical uncertainty. Résumés: La Renaissance a été le témoin dans le discours médical d'une prolifération d'illustrations didactiques et d'une rhétorique populaire d'images comparant le fœtus humain ou l'embryon à une plante. Loin d'être un simple héritage linguistique de la médecine antique, ce que nous appellerons ici botaniques métaphoriques ont non seulement permis aux premiers modernes de concevoir le développement inobservable du fœtus humain, mais elles ont également souligné la relation de la mère à l'enfant à naître. La plupart des botaniques métaphoriques concernant le fœtus tout au long de la Renaissance font l'analogie entre son développement et celui d'une plante qui s'enracinerait dans l'utérus de la mère, par lequel elle reçoit sa subsistance. Bien que la recherche féministe ait avancé l'argument important selon lequel ce langage a historiquement été utilisé dans les débats sur l'avortement, ces botaniques pourraient également être inscrites dans une certaine tradition de représentation, où laquelle elles pourraient être comprises comme une méditation sur l'être et la continuation de l'espèce dans une période chargée d'incertitude épistémologique et métaphysique. Zusammenfassung: Die Literatur der Renaissance zeugt im medizinischen Diskurs, in pädagogischen Illustrationen und in der volkstümlichen Rhetorik von einer starken Zunahme einer sogenannten „metaphorischen Botanik", bei der der menschliche Fötus oder Embryo mit einer Pflanze verglichen wird. Weit davon entfernt, ein bloßes sprachliches Erbe der antiken Medizin zu sein, erlaubte es eine solche „metaphorische Botanik" den Autoren der Frühen Neuzeit nicht nur, sich die unbeobachtbare Entwicklung des menschlichen Fötus vorzustellen, sondern auch die Beziehung der Mutter zu ihrem ungeborenen Kind zu betonen. Ein Großteil der „metaphorischen Botanik", die sich in der Renaissance um den Fötus rankte, verglich seine Entwicklung mit der einer Pflanze, die sich im Uterus der Mutter „verwurzelt" und von ihm ernährt wird. Obwohl die feministische Forschung das wichtige Argument vorgebracht hat, dass eine solche Sprache historisch vornehmlich in Debatten um die Abtreibung verwendet wurde, könnte diese „Botanik" auch in einer bestimmten Darstellungstradition verortet werden, wodurch sie als eine Meditation über das Wesen und Fortbestehen der Spezies in einer von epistemologischer und metaphysischer Unsicherheit geprägten Zeit verstanden werden könnte. 摘要: 在文艺复兴时期的医学论述、教学用插图和大众语汇里，产生出大量的——在此我称为"隐喻性植物学"——之物，将人类的胎儿，或胚胎，类比为一种植物。这种"隐喻性植物学"远非只是某种源自古代医学的语言传承。它不仅使身处早期现代的人们得以想像无法观测的人类胚胎如何成长，同时也强调了母亲与未出生婴儿之间的关联。整个文艺复兴时期里，许多围绕着胚胎的"隐喻性植物学"将其成长类比为在母亲子宫里"扎根"的植物，并依此获得养分。尽管女性主义学者提出了重要的论点，认为这类语言早在历史上堕胎的争论中受到利用，但这种"植物学"也可置于某种再现传统之中。我们可将其理解为在一个认识论和形上学意义上充满不确定性的年代里，对于物种的存－续之事所进行的沉思。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Texts published in journalistic media become guides in a world-wide topic. This paper focuses on the warlike conceptualization of COVID-19, based on analogies founded on disorder, decadence and invasion, which in their composition corroborate how the concepts on which these texts are built reflect a way of looking society, replicate it, and install it in the human body. Our reflection is grounded on selected metaphors from scientific journalism texts published on the internet between March and September 2020, which reformulate complex information to bring it closer to a broad and nonspecialized audience. We emphasize the possibilities offered by metaphorical representations to see one concept in terms of another and, at the same time, we draw attention to the repetitive use of warlike images in which ideas about battles, weapons, defenses, and attacks prevail, showing how the discourse of authority and control underlies and is installed in the metaphor that instills fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People take longer to determine that metaphoric sentences (e.g., some birds are flutes) are literally false compared to anomalous sentences (e.g., some birds are pickles). This metaphor interference effect (MIE) shows that metaphorical interpretations are automatically computed even in contexts and tasks that only require literal interpretations. Although a well-replicated finding, the MIE has only been investigated in sentence stimuli in which the metaphoric composition is explicitly stated (such that birds are asserted to be flutes). This raises questions about the generalizability of the MIE because (a) A is B metaphors are rare in discourse and (b) other metaphor variants, such as flute bird, are unspecified in their metaphoric composition (i.e., do not specifically assert which concept, if any, is metaphorical). In this experiment, we investigated whether metaphoric modifier-noun phrases such as flute bird and creamy sky produce a MIE. In addition, we explored if word-level semantic variables (semantic neighborhood density and concreteness) play a role in the MIE. We asked participants to determine if modifier-noun phrases refer to things that literally exist or not. We found a MIE in which metaphoric phrases (e.g., flute bird, creamy sky) took longer to judge as literally false relative to scrambled counterparts (e.g., flute sky, creamy bird). Moreover, we found that word-level semantic variables affect the magnitude of the MIE only for adjective-noun phrases. Therefore, metaphoric meaning can be automatically extracted from metaphoric compounds, suggesting that the MIE is more robust than previously demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most debated topics in figurative language studies is whether the access to non-literal meanings is direct or indirect. Although models that argue for longer processing times for figurative compared to literal meanings have been largely criticized, figurative language is often associated with increased cognitive work. We investigated whether such greater cognitive work is indicative of more time-consuming processes or rather lower availability of figurative meanings, and whether there are differences between figurative types. We used a multi-response Speed-Accuracy Trade-off paradigm, where a meaningfulness judgment task was combined with a response deadline procedure to estimate speed and accuracy independently for metaphorical (Those dancers are butterflies) and metonymic sentences (That student reads Camilleri), compared with literal equivalents. While both metaphors and metonymies showed lower asymptote, that is, they were judged less accurately than literal counterparts, only metonymies were associated with a processing delay. Moreover, the difference in asymptote with respect to the literal condition was greater for metaphor than for metonymy. These findings indicate that the process that derives metaphor and metonymy is more complex than the process that derives literal meanings, even more so for metaphor. The processing delay, however, is present only in the case of metonymies. Taken together, our study offers key findings that reconcile a lively debate on the time course of figurative language comprehension, showing that the cost of non-literal meaning is not always a matter of time, and depends also on the figurative type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the identities that Grade 8 early French immersion students construct as learners of French within school-based communities of practice. It suggests a model by which metaphors on language learning can be considered a form of narrative used to both elicit and analyze metacognitive representations of their socially situated identities as language learners. As part of a larger study regarding French immersion students' investment in French, 31 participants constructed 85 similes concerning learning and speaking/writing in French. These were grouped into seven conceptual metaphors: perseverance, challenging physical and cognitive limitations, the experience of embodied change, transformation of self, embodied discomfort, falling short, and affect. Samples of student discourse demonstrate how the co-construction of metaphor created interpretive space for the development of their identities within their school-based communities of practice. Finally, the pedagogical relevance of metaphor to developing students' investment in learning French is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to prove that, contrary to some research, insult may be considered a full-fledged figure of speech. We shall rely here on the works of Laurence ROSIER. We shall also try to point out the importance of stylistic analysis in learning French as a foreign language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Studii şi Cercetări de Onomastică şi Lexicologie is the property of University of Craiova, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Litteraria Romanica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As well as his ground-breaking work in the field of molecular biology with Jacques Monod, François Jacob was a gifted and influential writer on science. His extraordinary capacity to make imaginative connections and to coin compelling metaphors informed both his work as a scientist and his writing on science. This article looks at the development of Jacob's distinctive constructivist conceptualization of science over the course of his career. Although Jacob was initially attracted to the metaphor of genetic material as a computer programme, he ultimately moved away from the mechanistic model of reproduction and evolution favoured by Monod. In a short paper published in the journal Science in 1977, he used the metaphor of bricolage as a way of conveying that biology evolution is a process of 'tinkering' with pre-existing materials rather than an elegant process of design. This conceptualization of the evolutionary process of building the new from the old has been highly influential in thinking on biology. In a more general sense, the concept of bricolage has a central role in Jacob's work, bringing together his thinking on evolution and science in general. The centrality of bricolage for Jacob positions him philosophically in many ways in the opposing camp to the Cartesian tradition, which was at the core of Monod's vision of science in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using my clinical work with a 3-year-old boy who lost his hearing when he was between 9 and 12 months old, and whose disability was only discovered when he was 22 months old, I will explore two issues of paramount technical importance when working with trauma. Firstly, it is crucial to create a boundary around the traumatic event, so that life before, during and after the trauma can be circumscribed and the traumatic event explored and hopefully understood and integrated. Secondly, it is of paramount importance to establish the level of developmental organization at the time of the trauma, especially in relation to the capacity to integrate bodily affects into mind. I will show how trauma and its vicissitudes are directly dependent on the person's capacity to resolve the splitting that trauma creates in the mind, and also the key role played by the use of metaphors in the process whereby trauma becomes thinkable and can therefore be integrated into the self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)