1. Decreased adipose tissue oxygenation associates with insulin resistance in individuals with obesity
- Author
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Jun Yoshino, Bruce W. Patterson, Joseph W. Beals, Scott C. Beeman, Samuel Klein, Mohit Jain, Jeramie D. Watrous, Gordon I. Smith, Darya Morozov, Brandon D. Kayser, and Vincenza Cifarelli
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Subcutaneous Fat ,Adipose tissue ,Inflammation ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Fibrosis ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,business.industry ,Catabolism ,Oxygenation ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Oxygen ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Adipose Tissue ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,Clinical Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ,Biomarkers - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Data from studies conducted in rodent models have shown that decreased adipose tissue (AT) oxygenation is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Here, we evaluated the potential influence of AT oxygenation on AT biology and insulin sensitivity in people. METHODS: We evaluated subcutaneous AT oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)); liver and whole-body insulin sensitivity; AT expression of genes and pathways involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism; systemic markers of inflammation; and plasma BCAA concentrations, in 3 groups of participants that were rigorously stratified by adiposity and insulin sensitivity: metabolically healthy lean (MHL; n = 11), metabolically healthy obese (MHO; n = 15), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO; n = 20). RESULTS: AT pO(2) progressively declined from the MHL to the MHO to the MUO group, and was positively associated with hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity. AT pO(2) was positively associated with the expression of genes involved in BCAA catabolism, in conjunction with an inverse relationship between AT pO(2) and plasma BCAA concentrations. AT pO(2) was negatively associated with AT gene expression of markers of inflammation and fibrosis. Plasma PAI-1 increased from the MHL to the MHO to the MUO group and was negatively correlated with AT pO(2), whereas the plasma concentrations of other cytokines and chemokines were not different among the MHL and MUO groups. CONCLUSION: These results support the notion that reduced AT oxygenation in individuals with obesity contributes to insulin resistance by increasing plasma PAI-1 concentrations and decreasing AT BCAA catabolism and thereby increasing plasma BCAA concentrations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02706262. FUNDING: This study was supported by NIH grants K01DK109119, T32HL130357, K01DK116917, R01ES027595, P42ES010337, DK56341 (Nutrition Obesity Research Center), DK20579 (Diabetes Research Center), DK052574 (Digestive Disease Research Center), and UL1TR002345 (Clinical and Translational Science Award); NIH Shared Instrumentation Grants S10RR0227552, S10OD020025, and S10OD026929; and the Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital.
- Published
- 2020