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Background: The study is aimed at highlighting the pattern of congenital defect in a tertiary care hospital. Congenital anomalies are recognized as a growing cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries and a major cause of distress to parents.Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted between September 2019 and August 2020 with the objective to determine the types of congenital anomalies among live born neonates at Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Pokhara and to determine their immediate outcome. Neonatal and maternal characteristics were noted.Results: Twenty four out of 2515 live births had congenital anomalies during the study period, giving an incidence rate of 9.42 congenital anomalies per 1000 live birth per year. Single system involvement was seen in 79.2 % cases, remaining 5 (20.8%) neonates had involvement of more than one system; 54.2% of these newborns were discharged, 33.3% expired, 8.3% left against medical advice and 4.2% were referred out.Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of clinical examination of neonates to detect anomalies in our setting. Keywords: Congenital anomalies; incidence; newborn

Objectives: This present study was to evaluate the incidence and abnormalities in lipid profile in patients with hypothyroidism. Methods: A detail history, clinical examinations and relevant investigations were performed to all subjects. Serum free T3 (fT3) and T4 (fT4) were measured by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Serum TSH was measured by sand-witch ELISA method. Serum cholesterol was measured by cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase (CHODPAP) method. Serum triglyceride was measured by glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) method. Serum VLDL (in mg/dl) was calculated by dividing the value of TG by 5. Serum LDL value was calculated by Fried-Wald equation. And serum HDL level was calculated by precipitation method. Results: Data was analysed by using software SPSS 15.0. Independent t-test was applied. Mean and standard deviations were observed. P-value was taken equal to or less than 0.05 for significant differences (p≤0.05). Conclusions: Hypothyroidism was commonly seen in elderly age group subjects. Females were more preponderance than males. Hypercholesterolemia, hyper triglyceridemia and increased LDL-cholestrol & VLDL-Cholestrol were extremely significant associated with hypothyroidism. Hence, hypothyroidism has an importantly associated with abnormal lipid profile. Therefore, biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction should be perform in all dyslipidemic patients. Early diagnosis should be made for proper treatment of dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism patients. Keywords: hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, age, sex.

Introduction: Cervical carcinoma is an important women’s health problem throughout the world.There are very few published data on this disease in Nepal. We wanted to study the pattern ofcervical carcinoma based on hospital data.Methods: A 10 years retrospective study of scenario of cervical carcinoma was conducted. The datahave been analyzed according to age, occurrence of other cancers, histological type, religion, riskfactors and district wise.Results: The number of cervical carcinoma showed a rising pattern over the 10 year period. Themedian age of the patients was 45 years and maximum frequency (33%) of cases were found in theage group 40 to 49 years. Squamous cell carcinoma comprised 40% of cases, Adenocarcinoma 4% and1.1% cases were of mixed variety. 92% of cases were Hindu by religion. 43% of patients were smokerin our study, 5% had positive family history. Chitwan with 7.35% had the maximum number of casesfollowed by Rupandehi with 6.40% and Nawalparasi with 5.41%.Conclusions: The cancer pattern revealed by the present study provides valuable leads to cervicalcancer epidemiology in Nepal. Routine cytological screening of the population for cervical cancer ishighly necessary for its early detection and treatment.Key Words: Cervical carcinoma, hospital based study, Nepal, pattern

INTRODUCTION: Breast Cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer death in women. Almost all women survive breast cancer if it is detected before it starts to spread. The aim of the study is to analyze the demographical profile, stage of presentation, histological type, and treatment modalities of breast cancer in a tertiary care setting. METHODS: Total 1141 cases of breast cancer had been followed retrospectively from 1999 to 2006 A.D. in a tertiary care center and their patterns were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of presentation of breast cancer was 47.30 +/- 11.57 years in female and 59.03 +/- 14.63 in male, 31 (2.1%) cases of breast cancer were male. There were 123 (10.78%) stage I, 281 (24.62%) stage II, 466 (40.84%) stage III, and 271 (23.75%) stage IV patients. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest variety 610 (53.5%). Chemotherapy was the mainstay for treatment of breast cancer 341 (29.9%) followed by surgery 287 (25.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer trend is rising with more in late and advanced stages, mostly due to lack of awareness. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the commonest variety. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used modality of treatment. Male breast cancer present late and is not so uncommon. Keywords: breast cancer; chemotherapy; infiltrating ductal carcinoma; staging.