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Among people who inject drugs (PWID), 60% have HCV and 50-90% of HIV-infected PWID are co-infected with HCV. Data comparing adherence to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy among HCV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected PWID is limited. The impact of HCV treatment initiation on HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is also poorly understood. We assessed DAA adherence in HCV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected PWID and examined changes in ART adherence and HIV outcomes following HCV treatment. Study was conducted in three Medication for Opioid use Disorder (MOUD) programs in Bronx, New York. HCV treatment adherence was measured using electronic blister packs. 2-week DAA adherence rates were compared and controlled for study arm, psychiatric illness and alcohol intoxication within the past 30 days. ART adherence was measured using participant self-report and dichotomized to "excellent" or "other". ART adherence, CD4 count, and HIV viral load were identified six months prior to, during, and six months after HCV treatment. Statistical significance was assessed with mixed-effects regression linear or logistic models. Overall DAA adherence rates among HCV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected PWID were 74% (95% CI=71-78%) and 76% (95%CI=70-83%), respectively (p=.55). There were no significant changes in ART adherence, CD4 counts, or HIV viral loads prior to, during, or after HCV treatment. This is the first study assessing the impact of DAA therapy on ART adherence and HIV treatment outcomes among PWID. It is one of the first to compare DAA adherence among HCV and HIV/HCV co-infected PWID. Our data demonstrate no significant difference in DAA adherence and no significant impact of HCV treatment on ART adherence or HIV outcomes.

The aim of the study was comparing the diagnostic role of the white light (WL) endoscopy, video laryngostroboscopy (VLS), and narrow-band imaging (NBI) in the evaluation of the benign vocal fold lesions.From March 2018 to June 2019, a total of 118 cases were enrolled in this study. Ninety-eight patients were suspected with vocal fold nodules, cysts, polyps, and sulcus vocalis and 20 patients without a history of dysphonia. Each patient was examined by WL, VLS, and NBI endoscopy. Recorded images and videos were analyzed and scored by three otorhinolaryngologists who had at least 3 years of experience in phoniatrics field. The evaluation results were compared between the methods and the physicians.A total of 118 cases were grouped by their confirmed diagnosis, vocal fold nodules (n = 28), vocal fold cyst (n = 24), vocal fold polyp (n = 9), and sulcus vocalis (n = 37). When the correct diagnosis rates of the physicians were compared, the statistical significance was found between the physicians in the WL and VLS method (P= 0.014, P= 0.027). No statistically significant difference was found among physicians in NBI method (P = 0.368). The difference between the diagnostic methods was found to be statistically significant in reaching the accurate diagnosis for benign vocal fold lesions (P0.001). While the difference between NBI-WL and VLS-WL was statistically significant (P0.001 and P0.001). The difference between NBI-VLS was not statistically significant while evaluating the vocal fold nodules, cysts, and sulcus vocalis separately (P= 0.102, P = 0.026, P = 0.157). Otherwise, it was statistically significant (P= 0.002) while evaluating total benign lesions in the study. The difference between NBI-VLS combination and VLS, NBI-VLS combination and VLS-WL combination were statistically significant (P0.001 and P= 0.001).This study showed that NBI assessments have similar accuracy and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) to VLS and have a higher value than WL endoscopy in reaching the diagnosis for benign vocal fold lesions. Therefore, NBI can be accepted as a promising approach to identify benign laryngeal lesions due to its optical properties.

Background An important focus of rehabilitation is thereturn to the meningful occupations which may include work and school activities. Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate predictive factors for return to work/study in traumatic brachial plexus injury patients undergoing rehabilitation and to investigate the level of satisfaction with treatment. Study Design Retrospective observational study with at least 1 year of follow-up. Methods One hundred and one individuals with traumatic brachial plexus injury enrolled in this study. Primary outcomes were return to work/study and satisfaction with treatment. A secondary outcome was the self-perception of what influenced return to work. Sociodemographic and related to injury data, rehabilitation interventions, muscle strength, and disability were analyzed as predictors. Associations were investigated using univariable and discriminant analysis and considered a level of significance of P Results Return to work/study occurred in 55% of the patients who participated in this study. Muscle strength discerned those who returned to work. Time interval between trauma and surgery and age were lower in those who returned to work. Thirty-one patients answered the question regarding self-perception of what influenced return to work. They indicated “necessity”, “rehabilitation”, “my desire” and “not become depressed”. Satisfaction was graded between 8.9 and 9.5 in 95% of the cases. Conclusions Return to work/study was related to muscle strength improvement and those who returned were younger and had less time elapsed from trauma. Individual factors and rehabilitation were pointed out as helpful in aiding return to work. Satisfaction with treatment was high. These findings can help to optimize goals in the rehabilitation environment.

Introduction The Epley maneuver is applied in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, the BPPV. However, dizziness and balance problems do not improve immediately after the treatment. Objective In this study, the effectiveness of the head-shaking maneuver before the Epley maneuver was investigated in the treatment of BPPV. Methods Between March 2020 and August 2020, ninety-six patients with posterior semicircular canal BPPV were analyzed prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who underwent the Epley maneuver only in the treatment (Group 1) and patients who underwent the Epley maneuver after the head-shaking maneuver (Group 2). The results of the Berg balance scale and dizziness handicap index were evaluated before the treatment and at the first week after the treatment. Results The improvement in functional, emotional, and physical dizziness handicap index and Berg balance scale values after the treatment was found to be statistically significant in both groups. It was determined that the change in functional and physical dizziness handicap index and Berg balance scale values of the patients in Group 2 was statistically higher than those in Group 1. Although, the change in emotional dizziness handicap index values in Group 2 was higher than those in Group 1, no statistical significance was found between the groups. Conclusion As a result of our hypothesis, we think that in the treatment of posterior semicircular canal BPPV, the otoliths adhered to the canal can be mobilized by the head-shaking maneuver, and this will contribute to the increase of the effectiveness of the Epley maneuver.

Background Long term growth may be compromised in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The aims of the study were to evaluate the final height in a cohort of patients with pediatric-onset IBD with respect to genetic target and to determine factors influencing long-term growth. Methods This is a monocentric retrospective cohort study. All patients with diagnosed prepubertal onset IBD were enrolled. Patients were classified into two groups on the basis of the achievement of target height at time of the last follow-up. Clinical parameters were also recorded. Results 82 patients were identified: 42 with Crohn's Disease (CD) and 40 with Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The mean age at diagnosis was 11.0 (SD 4.0) years. Eighty-nine percent of patients achieved final target height. Mean difference between final and target height was -1.2 cm (SD: 5,4). No statistical significance was detected between CD and UC patients final height (p=0.16). Growth failure at the diagnosis and disease severity were the only factors associated with final height achievement failure (p=0.001 and p=0.01 respectively). Conclusions Most part of CD and UC patients achieve the target final height. Disease severity and low height at diagnosis seem to be the two best predictive factors for low final height.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its predictors among the elderly in Bangladesh. Subject and Methods: We use a cross-sectional survey of 1015 older people (≥60 years) in Bangladesh collected jointly by the Sir William Beveridge Foundation (SWBF) and Aging Support Forum (ASF), Bangladesh. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, adapted to the Bengali language, was used for assessing cognitive impairment, which was available for 111 participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of cognitive impairment. Multiple imputation under the missing-at-random (MAR) mechanism was used to deal with missing data. Results: Overall, 31 out of 111 (27.9%) participants had mild, moderate or severe cognitive impairment, with a higher proportion among women (33.3%, 17 out of 51) than men (23.3%, 14 out of 60). More precisely, 24 out of 111 (21.6%) and 7 out of 111 (6.3%) had mild/moderate and severe cognitive impairment, respectively, with a higher percentage among women (mild/moderate: 25.5%, severe: 7.8%) than men (mild/moderate: 18.3%, severe: 5.0%). Age (odds ratio, OR = 1.06, p = 0.046, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.119) and social engagement (OR = 0.25, p = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.072 to 0.898) were found to be statistically significant predictors of cognitive impairment in this group of people. The effect of physical disability fell short of statistical significance at the 5% level but was significant at the 10% level (OR = 2.89, p = 0.099, 90% CI: 0.999 to 8.370). Conclusion: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in Bangladesh is alarming and is comparatively higher among elderly women, which seems to increase with age and the presence of any physical disability. Also, prevalence appears to be lower in people who are more socially engaged or active.

Objective To analyze the clinical value of high b-value 3.0 T biparametric magnetic resonance with the Simplified Prostate Image Reporting and Data System (S-PI-RADS) in biopsy-naive men. Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of 224 patients who underwent prostate biopsy (cognitive fusion targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy) after a high b-value 3.0 T magnetic resonance examination at Haikou Hospital from July 2018 to July 2020 was performed. Two radiologists performed multi-parameter magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) with the prostate imaging report and data system version 2 (PI-RADS v2) and biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bp-MRI) with the simplified prostate image reporting and data system (S-PI-RADS). The detection efficacy of the two regimens was evaluated by classifying prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) according to pathology, and the statistical significance of the differences between the two regimens was determined by Z-test. Results The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) values of mp-MRI based on PI-RADS v2 and bp-MRI based on S-PI-RADS to detect PCa were 0.905 and 0.892, respectively, while the AUC values for the detection of csPCa were 0.919 and 0.906, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two tests (Z values were 0.909 and 1.145, p > 0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference in the detection efficacy of high b-value bp-MRI based on the S-PI-RADS score for prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer compared with the standard PI-RADS v2 score with mp-MRI protocols, which can be applied clinically.

Objective: To compare the difference in the clinical therapeutic effect on dysmenorrhea in the patients with adenomyosis between acupuncture and ibuprofen sustained release capsules. Methods: A total of 40 patients were randomized into an acupuncture group and an ibuprofen group, 20 cases in each one. The treatment was given consecutively for 3 menstrual cycles and the follow-up lasted for 2 menstrual cycles. The score of visual analogue scale (VAS) at the most painful time during menstruation, menstrual flow, the score of COX menstrual symptom scale (CMSS) and the score of endometriosis health profile-5 (EHP-5), as well as the patients’ satisfaction and acceptance were compared between the two groups. Results: Three menstrual cycles after treatment, the VAS score at the most painful time, menstrual flow, CMSS score and EHP-5 score were all lower than those before treatment in either group, with statistical significance (all P 0.05), the menstrual flow was lower (P > 0.05), CMSS score was higher (P 0.05). The score of the patients’ satisfaction and acceptance in the acupuncture group were all higher than the ibuprofen group (both P Conclusion: Acupuncture is effective for analgesia and symptom-relief and the long-term effect is superior to the oral administration of ibuprofen.

Study Objective Our objective was to determine if ovarian surgery at the time of ovarian detorsion is associated with impaired short-term ovarian function, as indicated by ovarian morphology on ultrasound when compared to detorsion alone. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Participants Confirmed ovarian torsion in patients ≤ 18 years from 1/1/2004 to 31/12/2018 with ovarian sparing surgery. Main Outcome Measures Data was collected on demographics, procedure, intraoperative findings and post-operative ultrasound. To determine ovarian function, we compared morphology on post-operative ultrasound between those with surgery to the ovary compared to those without surgery to the ovary at the time of detorsion. We also compared ovarian volume of affected and contralateral ovaries after detorsion and surgery to the affected ovary. Results 119 patients met inclusion criteria- 67 (56%) had detorsion with surgery to the ovary and 52 (44%) had detorsion alone. There was no statistically significant difference in appearance on post-operative ultrasound between these groups (p=0.446). There was also no statistically significant difference on post-operative ultrasound of affected and contralateral ovarian volumes after detorsion and surgery to the affected ovary (p=0.69). Patients that underwent surgery to the ovary experienced a lower rate of recurrence, however, this did not reach statistical significance with a p-value of 0.080. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that surgery e.g. cystectomy to the ovary at the time of ovarian detorsion does not appear to impact ovarian function when compared to detorsion alone, as indicated on postoperative imaging. There was also no difference in volume of the affected and contralateral ovaries in those cases that underwent surgery at the time of initial detorsion. This evidence would support that immediate cystectomy at the time of initial ovarian detorsion is not associated with impaired ovarian function thus avoiding the need for an interval cystectomy.

Purpose The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of basal ganglia hemorrhage on cardiac functions in the acute stage using transthoracic echocardiography. Methods Based on the data regarding computerize tomography and echocardiography data on the PACS imaging system of a single comprehensive medical center, a total of 110 cases with acute basal ganglia hemorrhage were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were further divided into four groups depending on the localization and extension of the hemorrhage as right basal ganglia hemorrhage (group 1), left basal ganglia hemorrhage (group 2), right basal ganglia hemorrhage with expansion into the ventricles (group 3) and left basal ganglia hemorrhage with expansion into the ventricles (group 4). Cardiac functions based on echocardiography findings were compared between groups. Results There were 70 males (63.6%) and 40 females (36.7%) in this cohort with average an age of 59.45 ± 10.26 years. The thickness of the diastolic interventricular septum was less than 11 mm. The difference in the amount of bleeding was significantly different between group 3 compared with group 1 (p = 0.041). The end systolic left ventricular diameter (LVDS) was significantly different between group 4 compared with group 1 (p = 0.030). The blood loss correlated with Pearson peak of mitral valve e′ (p = 0.034), and with Pearson peak of mitral annulus e′ (p = 0.037). There was no statistical significance in other echocardiographic parameters. Conclusion Acute intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE Valproic acid (VPA) is used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder (BD). The aims of this study was to examine that long-term VPA use affects mortality in BD patients. METHODS Association analysis was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. The long-term VPA use group was selected as patients treated with VPA for BD who used VPA only. The control group consisted of BD patients who were not treated with VPA or lithium. The lithium use group consisted by BD patients used lithium only was also joined the analysis. The cofactors included age (>65 years), sex and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for the VPA group was 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI), (0.70-0.99); P = 0.04) and the result of lithium group did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore only the duration> 3 years subgroup had a significantly lower incidence of mortality than the control group, with an HR of 0.54 (95% CI, (0.42-0.70); P

Context Previously, the most common treatment for a concussion was prolonged physical and cognitive rest. Recently, researchers have suggested that earlier physical activity (PA) may be better at promoting recovery. Researchers have not evaluated the relationship between free-living PA (eg, walking) and symptom reporting or recovery duration. Objective To assess the relationship between free-living PA participation and 2 recovery outcomes in college-aged adults with a concussion. Design Prospective cohort. Setting National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and III universities. Patients or Other Participants Thirty-two college-aged adults (68.8% female, age = 19.8 ± 1.4 years) with a concussion. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed a postconcussion symptom evaluation at visits 1 ( Results Participants averaged 2446 ± 441 counts per minute and spent 12.1% ± 4.2% of their PA performing MVPA. Participants yielded median (interquartile) symptom severities of 28 (24) and 2 (8) for visit 1 and 2, respectively. Average recovery time was 14.7 ± 7.5 days. Total PA did not significantly contribute to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (P = .122) or recovery time (P = .301). Similarly, %MVPA had little contribution to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (P = .358) or recovery time (P = .276). Conclusions We suggest that free-living PA may not be enough to reduce symptoms or shorten recovery. Thus, clinicians may need to provide patients with more structured PA protocols mimicking findings from previous researchers.

Background Definitions for central lung cancer have been ambiguous in guidelines, causing difficulty in selecting candidates for invasive mediastinal staging among patients with radiologically node-negative, early-stage lung cancer. Research Question What is the optimal definition for central lung cancer, which is robust to inter-reader and institutional variation, to select candidates for invasive mediastinal staging among those with clinical T1N0M0 lung cancer? Study Design and Methods Two retrospective cohorts were evaluated for the associations of central lung cancer according to 13 definitions based on chest CT with occult nodal metastasis. Univariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed with the pathological N category as an ordinal outcome. Robust definitions, which retained statistical significance across multi-reader, dual-institutional datasets, were identified. For these definitions, binary diagnostic performance and inter-reader agreement were investigated. Results In the two cohorts, 807 patients (median age, 63 years; interquartile range, 56-71 years; 410 women; 33 pN1, 48 pN2, and 1 pN3) and 510 patients (median age, 65 years; interquartile range, 58-71 years; 267 women; 33 pN1, 20 pN2, and no pN3) were included, respectively. Three definitions robust to inter-reader variation and dataset heterogeneity were identified: definition 7 (concentric lines arising from the midline, inner one-third, medial margin; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-3.51; P=0.02), definition 10 (location index-based inner one-third, center; adjusted OR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.49-8.25; P=0.003), and definition 12 (location index-based inner one-third, medial margin; adjusted OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.91-6.52; P Interpretation Three definitions exhibited robust associations with occult nodal metastasis. However, selecting candidates for invasive mediastinal staging solely based on a central tumor location would be suboptimal.

Adult spine deformity; Anemia; Patient outcome assessment Deformidad de la columna en adultos; Anemia; Evaluación del resultado del paciente Deformitat de la columna en adults; Anèmia; Avaluació dels resultats del pacient Study Design Retrospective cohort. Purpose This study aims to evaluate the impact of anemia on functional outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and early hospital readmission (EHR) rates after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery at the time of discharge from the hospital. Overview of Literature Concerns with risks of transfusion, insufficient evidence for its benefits, and the possibility of associated adverse outcomes have led to restrictive transfusion practices. Therefore, patients are discharged according to patient blood management programs that are implemented in hospitals nationwide to reduce unnecessary blood transfusions. However, not many comprehensive kinds of studies exist on the effect of postoperative anemia on functional life and complications. Methods Anemia severity was defined following the 2011 World Health Organization guidelines. All patients had HRQoL tests as well as complete blood counts pre- and postoperatively. EHR is the admission within 30 days of discharge and was used as the dependent parameter. Results This study comprised 225 surgically treated ASD patients with a median age of 62.0 years, predominantly women (80%). Of the 225 patients, 82, 137, and six had mild, moderate, and severe anemia at the time of discharge, respectively. Seventeen of the patients (mild [11, 64.7%]; moderate [5, 29.4%]; severe [1, 5.9%]) were readmitted within 30 days. The mean hemoglobin values were higher in readmitted patients (p=0.071). Infection was the leading cause of readmission (n=12), but a low hemoglobin level was not observed in any of these patients at the time of discharge. Except for Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire, HRQoL improvements did not reach statistical significance in early readmitted patients in the first year after surgery. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that the occurrence and the severity of postoperative anemia are not associated with EHR in surgically treated patients with ASD. The findings of the current research suggested that clinical awareness of the parameters other than postoperative anemia may be crucial. Thus, improvements in HRQoL scores were poor in early readmitted patients 1 year after surgery. European Spine Study Group is a clinical research group funded by a research grant from DePuy-Synthes.

Because of the limited published information on complications that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients experience during and after cardiac surgery, we investigated OSA as a risk factor for postoperative outcomes.This project used the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group's data collected between 2011 and 2017 based on The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database Data Collections form. A retrospective analysis of 1555 patients with OSA and 10,450 patients without OSA across 5 medical centers undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, isolated valve surgery, and combined coronary artery bypass grafting valve surgery was conducted. We used 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching with no replacement to balance characteristics among patients with and without OSA.There was a statistically significant increased risk of postoperative pneumonia, increased length of total and postoperative stay, and time to initial extubation. Two outcomes trended toward significance: intra- and postoperative intraaortic balloon pump use. Outcomes that failed to show statistical significance were surgical site infection, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, permanent pacemaker placement, and blood products given. A chart review conducted on a subset of the study cohort revealed that more than 40% of OSA patients did not receive continuous positive airway pressure or bilevel positive airway pressure therapy postoperatively during their hospitalization.Our study aligns with the literature in concluding that OSA has deleterious effects on postoperative outcomes of cardiac surgery patients. Further research to better stratify OSA patients by severity are still needed. Additionally heightened awareness of the need to screen, diagnose, and properly treat patients for OSA is needed.

Aim The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze treatment outcomes and tolerance in patients in whom cabozantinib was used after previous targeted therapy. Patients and methods Cabozantinib was administered in dose 60 mg/day, a subset of patients received initial dose of 40 mg/day. The treatment was administered until to progression or unacceptable toxicity. CT scans were assessed according to the RECIST 1.1 and toxicity of treatment was assessed based on the CTCAE (version 4). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We performed a multivariate analysis of risk factors for treatment outcomes (PFS, OS) by Cox regression analysis. All statistics were evaluated at the significance level alpha = 0.05. Results 54 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) were evaluated. Median PFS in all patients treated with cabozantinib was 9.3 months (95% CI 5.3 - 13.3). One-year survival was 85.2% (95% CI 72.9 - 93.4%). Treatment response was observed in 45.9% of cases, including one complete remission. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that presence of subsequent treatment was the only factor with a significant effect on OS (P=0.008). Adverse events occurred in 88.9% of patients, grade 3 - 4 in 46.3%. Conclusion The analysis of our cohort of patients treated with cabozantinib in the second or higher lines of treatment showed that cabozantinib represents an effective and safe therapy and contributes to longer survival of our mRCC patients.

PURPOSE High-quality evidence comparing supine to prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of complex stones is lacking. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of supine position (SUP) and prone position (PRO) PCNL. MATERIALS AND METHODS A noninferior randomized controlled trial was performed according to the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials) criteria. The inclusion criteria were patients over 18 years of age with complex stones. SUP was performed in the Barts flank-free modified position. Except for positioning, all the surgical parameters were identical. The primary outcome was the difference in the success rate on the first postoperative day (POD1) between groups. The secondary outcome was the difference in the stone-free rate (SFR) on the 90th postoperative day (final SFR). A noninferiority margin of 15% was used. Demographic, operative, and safety variables were compared between the groups. Statistical significance was set at p

Background Despite advances in shoulder arthroplasty, treatment options for advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) remain limited. Surgical management includes total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and hemiarthroplasty. The rates of TSA and RSA for the treatment of GHOA in the United States has increased in recent years. Trends in shoulder arthroplasty in recently trained surgeons have not been explored. The purpose of the study was to examine the trends in arthroplasty use (TSA, RSA, and hemiarthroplasty) for primary GHOA among American Board of Orthopedic Surgeons (ABOS) Part II examinees, and to identify patterns based on geographic region or fellowship training. Methods ABOS Part II examinees with at least 1 shoulder arthroplasty in the examination years 2008-2019 were collected. Hemiarthroplasty, TSA, and RSA performed from 2007-2018 for a diagnosis of primary GHOA were included. Arthroplasty for primary or secondary diagnoses of fracture, infection, tumor, rotator cuff arthropathy or tear, revision, and non-arthroplasty procedures were excluded. Proportion and volume of cases were evaluated, with sub-analyses of geographic region and fellowship training. Univariate logistic regression determined statistical significance (P Results A total of 946,946 cases from 8609 ABOS Part II examinees were submitted, with 8733 shoulder arthroplasties performed. Overall, 3923 arthroplasties for primary GHOA were included (44.9% of all shoulder arthroplasties). TSA was used in 50.9% of cases. The proportion of RSA performed for primary GHOA has increased over the past 11 years, with RSA surpassing TSA as the most common procedure for primary GHOA over the last 4 years (P Conclusion Utilization of RSA for treatment of primary GHOA by ABOS Part II examinees has increased significantly over the past twelve years. Among ABOS Part II examinees, RSA has recently surpassed TSA as the most common arthroplasty utilized for treatment of primary GHOA. Examination of early-career surgical practice allows for consideration of training influence in treatment of GHOA. As volume of shoulder arthroplasty continues to increase, trends and procedure volume have implications for clinical practice and patient outcomes. Level of evidence: Level III

Background: Dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern is defined by very intense, heterogeneous speckled staining of nucleoplasms of interphase HEp-2 cells and chromosomal areas of metaphase cells. The association of Anti-DFS70 and rheumatologic signs, symptoms, and diagnosis were evaluated. Methods: One-hundred-eight anti-DFS70 positives who got consecutively admitted to the Rheumatology clinic between January and June 2020 were analyzed. The clinical and laboratory findings of positives for anti-DFS70 antibody were compared with those with DFS pattern ANA IFA staining rates. Also, anti-DFS70 positivity rates and their correlation with the DFS staining pattern were analyzed retrospectively in 1016 CTD patients. Results: The most common complaint was joint pain seen in 77 (71.3%) and the most common laboratory abnormality was RF-positivity observed in 10/108 (9.3%) who had anti-DFS70 positivity. The most common ANA staining pattern was DFS (72/108; 66.7%); one-third had other than DFS. No statistical significance was found for the association of any of the rheumatological complaints and laboratory findings with the DFS staining pattern. ANA analysis was performed in a total of 964/1016 (94.88%) CTD patients and 44 (4.56%) of these positive for anti-DFS70. The correlation coefficient showed good correlations between the DFS pattern staining and anti-DFS70 antibody positivity (r=+0.773, p Conclusions: Anti-DFS70-positives have a low rate of CTD. A low anti-DFS70 positivity rate was observed in patients with CTD. As such, it can be considered that anti-DFS70 does not predict CTD or even excludes it.

Purpose To evaluate the survival rates and technical outcomes of minimally invasive full-mouth rehabilitations in patients affected by dental erosion and attrition. Materials and methods For this retrospective study, 28 subjects (8 women, 20 men; mean age: 45.6 years) who suffered from generalized erosions and attrition and who were treated according to the 3-step technique were invited to participate. The patient records were reviewed, and the restorations were clinically and radiographically examined. This part of the study (part 1) evaluated restoration survival and technical outcomes using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria (mUSPHS). Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival statistics, and comparison between subgroups was made using log-rank test. For all other comparisons, cross-tabulations of occurrence were performed, and significance was tested using Pearson chi-square test. The level of statistical significance was set at P Results A total of 19 patients (3 women, 16 men; mean age: 45.6 years) agreed to participate. In these patients, 406 restorations (149 direct composites, 110 onlays, 147 veneers) supported by 365 teeth were examined. The mean time in service was 71.8 ± 28.6 months. Six failed restorations were identified; all were direct composites. The 6-year survival rates were 97.3% for direct composites, 98.2% for onlays, and 100% for veneers (P > .05). No differences were found among materials and locations of the restorations. Nineteen technical complications included 14 partial fractures, 3 fissures, 1 wear, and 1 decementation. The mUSPHS evaluation showed good technical outcomes. Presence or absence of a nightguard influenced restoration survival (P = .003). Conclusion Minimally invasive rehabilitations of patients with erosions/attrition with the 3-step technique are a reliable treatment option in the medium term. Protective nightguards are recommended.

Background Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic pain condition with no universally recognised treatment. The study evaluates the efficacy of a therapeutic protocol consisting of oral citalopram and lidocaine injections in patients affected by CRPS. Methods Between January 2010 and December 2014, 150 consecutive patients with CRPS were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned into three groups: group one - lidocaine injection and oral citalopram, group two - lidocaine injection and oral placebo, group three - injective and oral placebo. The Impairment Sum Score (ISS) was used to assess the severity of CRPS before, as well as at regular intervals after treatment commenced. Statistical significance (p Results The combined treatment proved to be more effective (ISS 47.6 to 12.6) than local anesthetic alone (ISS 47.5 to 21.5) and to placebo (ISS 47.2 to 29.9). Conclusion This study indicates that CRPS may be managed with well-tolerated association of oral citalopram and lidocaine injections.

Background The majority of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) cases constitute patients with functional adrenal adenomas. In adrenal CS, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, VAT/subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT/total adipose tissue (TAT) ratios are expected to decrease in response to adrenalectomy, although no change is expected in non-functioning adrenal adenomas (NFA). Objective To evaluate the changes in VAT, SAT, TAT areas and VAT/SAT, VAT/TAT ratios using computed tomography (CT) in patients who underwent adrenalectomy due to adenomas. Methods Preoperative and postoperative CT of 32 patients (16 with CS and 16 with NFA) were retrospectively evaluated. The VAT, SAT, TAT areas were obtained from CT at the level of L1–2 intervertebral disc space, and the VAT/SAT, VAT/TAT ratios were calculated. The postoperative parameter changes in both groups were evaluated compared to the preoperative values. The level of statistical significance was considered as p Results The time interval between preoperative and postoperative CT measurements were 10.37 months (6–17) in CS and 9.75 months (7–15) in NFA groups (p=073). Preoperative CT indicated that the patients with CS had larger VAT and TAT areas (p=0.03, p=0.02) but SAT remained unchanged (p=0.08). However, postoperative CT revealed that there was no difference between the two groups in terms of VAT, TAT, and SAT areas (p=0.87, p=0.36, p=0.14). Postoperatively, in patients with CS, there was a decrease in VAT and TAT areas (p=0.01 for both) and VAT/SAT and VAT/TAT ratios (p=0.03, p=0.02) but SAT remained unchanged (p=0.10). In patients with NFA, no change was detected in the postoperative SAT, TAT, and VAT areas (p=0.12, p=0.40, p=0.99) or the VAT/SAT and VAT/TAT ratios (p=0.38, p=0.62). Conclusions Adrenalectomy is an effective treatment method leading to a decrease in the VAT, TAT areas, and VAT/SAT and VAT/TAT ratios in patients with cortisol producing adrenocortical adenoma. Thus, CT facilitates quantitative demonstration of the changes while evaluating the response of these patients to treatment.

Background: Mirikizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 23p19 with demonstrated efficacy in psoriasis and ulcerative colitis. We investigated the safety and efficacy of mirikizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: Patients (N = 191) were randomized (2:1:1:2) to receive placebo (PBO), 200, 600, or 1000 mg mirikizumab, administered intravenously (IV) every 4 weeks. Patients who received mirikizumab and achieved ≥1 point improvement in Simple Endoscopic Score-CD at Week 12 (rerandomized maintenance cohort) were rerandomized to continue their induction IV treatment (combined IV groups [IV-C]) or receive 300 mg mirikizumab subcutaneously (SC) every 4 weeks. Nonrandomized maintenance cohort included endoscopic nonimprovers (1000 mg) and PBO patients (PBO/1000 mg) who received 1000 mg mirikizumab IV from Week 12. The primary objective was to evaluate superiority of mirikizumab to PBO in inducing endoscopic response (50% reduction from baseline in Simple Endoscopic Score-CD) at Week 12. Results: At Week 12, endoscopic response was significantly higher by the predefined 2-sided significance level of 0.1 for all mirikizumab groups compared with PBO (200 mg: 25.8%, 8/31, 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.4–41.2, P = .079; 600 mg: 37.5%, 12/32, 95% CI, 20.7–54.3, P = .003; 1000 mg: 43.8%, 28/64, 95% CI, 31.6–55.9, P < .001; PBO: 10.9 %, 7/64, 95% CI, 3.3–18.6). Endoscopic response at Week 52 was 58.5% (24/41) and 58.7% (27/46) in the IV-C and SC groups, respectively. Frequencies of adverse events (AE) in the mirikizumab groups were similar to PBO. Through Week 52, frequencies of treatment-emergent AEs were similar across all groups. Frequencies of serious AE and discontinuations due to AE were higher in the nonrandomized maintenance cohort. Conclusion: Mirikizumab effectively induced endoscopic response after 12 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe CD and demonstrated durable efficacy to Week 52. A detailed summary can be found in the Video Abstract. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT02891226

Among acute heart failure (AHF) inpatients, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) predicts clinical outcomes independent of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Prior studies have not accounted for congestion severity, show conflicting findings on echocardiography (echo) timing, and excluded emergency department (ED) patients. We describe for the first time the epidemiology, predictors, and outcomes of RVD in AHF starting with earliest ED treatment.Point-of-care echo and 10-point lung ultrasound (LUS) were obtained in 84 prospectively enrolled AHF patients at two EDs, ≤1 h after first intravenous diuresis, vasodilator, and/or positive pressure ventilation (PPV). Echo and LUS were repeated at 24, 72, and 168 h, unless discharged sooner (n = 197 exams). RVD was defined as17 mm tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), our primary measure. To identify correlates of RVD, a multivariable linear mixed model (LMM) of TAPSE through time was fit. Possible predictors were specified a priori and/or with p ≤ 0.1 difference between patients with/without RVD. Data were standardized and centered to facilitate comparison of relative strength of association between predictors of TAPSE. Survival curves for a 30-day death or AHF readmission primary outcome were assessed for RVD, LUS severity, and LVEF. A multivariable generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) for the outcome was used to adjust RVD for LVEF and LUS.46% (n = 39) of patients at ED arrival showed RVD by TAPSE (median 18 mm, interquartile range 13-23). 18 variables with p ≤ 0.1 unadjusted difference with/without RVD, and 12 a priori predictors of RVD were included in the multivariable LMM model of TAPSE through time (RIn this observational study, RVD was common in AHF, and predicted by congestion on LUS, LVEF, RVSP, and comorbidities from ED arrival through discharge. 30-day death or AHF-rehospitalization was associated with RVD at ED arrival and ΔLUS severity, but not LVEF.

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases. In spite of the 200-year scientific study of PD, its etiology remains unknown until today. Earlier the latent and premotor phases were found to 4–10 years precede the development of the standard manifestations of PD. Triggers determination of clinical manifestation of PD motor symptoms is still an open question. The goal of the study is to determine the most frequent triggers of PD’s motor symptoms mani­festation through a questionnaire survey of patients. Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty PD patients were interviewed. The author designed questionnaire aimed to identify the factors provoking PD manifestation. There was a statistical analysis of clinical data and the results of the interview. The level of significance ( p ) sets at 0.05. Results. 53.33 % (64 patients) associated the development of PD motor symptoms with a previous significant acute psychotraumatic situation (distress). The time interval between the stress factors action and the debut of the dise­ase ranged from 1 day to 4 years (median (Me) 5.2 months; 95% CI 2.1–9.1 months). 3.33 % (4 people) noted acute respiratory infections at the time of PD manifestation or 2–4 months before the disease debut. 8.33 % (10 people) detected pain syndromes of varying localization. 35 % (42 respondents) noted the absence of triggers. Processing of clinical data (gender, age, PD debut and BP clinical forms structure) did not reveal any statistically significant differences between groups with different triggers for PD manifestation. Conclusions. Manifestation of PD motor symptom in some patients may be triggered by a number of factors, among which distress is. Further experiments have to verify author’s hypothesis of the formation of the absolute refractory area in dopaminergic system after stress exposure before the onset of PD motor symptoms.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased prevalence of oral diseases for which reactive oxygen species have been implicated. The saliva contains protective antioxidants which statutorily curtail these destructive oxygen molecules. A functional compromise of the antioxidants may precipitate oxidative stress leading to the increased oral disease susceptibility. However, salivary markers of oxidative stress have not been sufficiently studied in the diabetics. Methods: A total of 166 adults were recruited for this study. They comprised of 95 Type 2 diabetic patients and 71 healthy non-diabetic controls. About 3 ml of unstimulated saliva samples were collected from participants and processed, levels of salivary H2O2, NO and MDA were measured using spectrophotometry method and compared between the two groups. Data was analysed using t-test, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with statistical significance set at p

Purpose This study aimed to develop a model for predicting pathologic extracapsular extension (ECE) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) while integrating magnetic resonance imaging-based T-staging (cTMRI, cT1c-cT3b).Materials and Methods A total of 1,915 who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2006-2016 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis as well as Bayesian network (BN) modeling based on possible confounding factors. The BN model was internally validated using 5-fold validation.Results According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, initial prostate-specific antigen (iPSA) (β=0.050, p < 0.001), percentage of positive biopsy cores (PPC) (β=0.033, p < 0.001), both lobe involvement on biopsy (β=0.359, p=0.009), Gleason score (β=0.358, p < 0.001), and cTMRI (β=0.259, p < 0.001) were significant factors for ECE. For SVI, iPSA (β=0.037, p < 0.001), PPC (β=0.024, p < 0.001), Gleason score (β=0.753, p < 0.001), and cTMRI (β=0.507, p < 0.001) showed statistical significance. BN models to predict ECE and SVI were also successfully established. The overall area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)/accuracy of the BN models were 0.76/73.0% and 0.88/89.6% for ECE and SVI, respectively. According to internal comparison between the BN model and Roach formula, BN model had improved AUC values for predicting ECE (0.76 vs. 0.74, p=0.060) and SVI (0.88 vs. 0.84, p < 0.001).Conclusion Two models to predict pathologic ECE and SVI integrating cTMRI were established and installed on a separate website for public access to guide radiation oncologists.

Purpose Occupational exposure to pesticides is thought to be associated with lung cancer, but studies have yielded conflicting results. We performed a propensity score (PS) based analyses to evaluate the relationship between occupational exposure to pesticides and lung cancer risk in the Korea National Cancer Center community-based cohort study (KNCCCS).Materials and Methods During the follow-up period, 123 incidental lung cancer cases were identified, of the 7,471 subjects in the final statistical analysis. Information about occupational exposure to pesticides and other factors was collected at enrollment (2003-2010). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted. Four PS-based approaches (i.e., matching, stratification, inverse probability-of-treatment weighting, and the use of the PS as a covariate) were adopted, and the results were compared. PS was obtained from the logistic regression model. Absolute standardized differences according to occupational exposure to pesticides were provided to evaluate the balance in baseline characteristics.Results In the Cox proportional hazards regression model, the hazard ratio (HR) for lung cancer according to occupational exposure to pesticides was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 2.98). With all the propensity score matching (PSM) methods, the HRs for lung cancer based on exposure to pesticides ranged from 1.65 (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.64) (continuous term with PSM) to 2.84 (95% CI, 1.81 to 4.46) (stratification by 5 strata of the PS). The results varied slightly based on the method used, but the direction and statistical significance remained the same.Conclusion Our results strengthen the evidence for an association between occupational exposure to pesticides and the risk of lung cancer.

Background Transcarotid arterial revascularization (TCAR) offers a novel technique for carotid artery stenting (CAS) that provides flow reversal in the carotid artery and avoids aortic arch manipulation, thus, potentially lowering ipsilateral and contralateral periprocedural stroke rates. As a new technology, adoption may be limited by concern for learning a new technique. This study seeks to examine the number of cases needed for a surgeon to reach technical proficiency. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed using a prospectively collected database of all TCAR procedures performed in a tertiary health care system between 2016 and 2020. Patient demographics and anatomic characteristics were collected. Intraoperative variables and perioperative outcomes were examined. These variables were collated into groups for the first 4 procedures, procedures 5–8, and after 8. Independent Samples t test, 1-way ANOVA, and logarithmic regression were used to statistically analyze the data. Results One-hundred and eighty-seven TCARs were performed by 14 surgeons. One hundred and twenty-two (65%) were male, 59 (32%) were older than 75 years, and 83 (44%) were symptomatic. The most common indications were high-lesions in 87 patients (47%) and recurrent stenosis after CEA in 37 patients (20%). Significant differences were found between the first and second groups of 4 cases when comparing mean operative time (71 vs. 58 min; P = 0.001) and flow reversal time (10.8 vs. 7.9 min; P= 0.004). similar significant differences were found between the first and third groups of 4 cases but not between the second and third groups. There was a reduction in contrast usage and fluoroscopy time after the first 4 cases, however, this did not reach statistical significance. There was no ipsilateral perioperative strokes. One patient had a contralateral stroke on postoperative day 2 due to intracranial atherosclerosis, and there was one perioperative mortality that occurred on postoperative day 3 after discharge. Conclusions Procedural and flow reversal times significantly shorten after 4 TCAR procedures are performed. Other metrics, such as fluoroscopy time and contrast usage, are also decreased. Complications, in general, are minimal. Proficiency in TCAR, as measured by these metrics, is met after performing only 4 procedures.

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mobile-based education on mothers' knowledge and decisions about prevention of foreign body (FBA) aspiration and to relieve choking in preschool children. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study in which 88 mothers whose children were registered in each selected kindergarten of the city of Rasht (in Iran) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. All mothers were educated through lectures. Then, in the control group, an educational booklet and CDs were used, and in the intervention group, a mobile application was used. Mothers' knowledge and decision were measured by a researcher-made questionnaire before and after the lecture and four weeks after providing the interventions. Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data. The level of significance was p Results The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge (n = 44, M = 13.47, SD = 1.84) and decision (n = 44, M = 8.52, SD = 1.30) of participants immediately and mean scores of knowledge (n = 44, M = 14.68, SD = 1.98) and decision of participants (n = 44, M = 9.56, SD = 2.15) four weeks after the educational interventions, in the intervention group, were statistically significantly higher than the control group. Intragroup comparison of the mean scores of knowledge and decision immediately and four weeks after educational interventions, showed that only in the intervention group did the mean scores have statistically significant increase, (p Conclusion Mobile-based education was more effective in improving mothers' knowledge and decision about prevention of foreign body aspiration and to relieve choking in children than other educational methods. Practice implications Mobile applications may be a new and effective method for providing education to parents.

Objective Our objective is to develop a site-specific proteomic-based screening test for ovarian cancer(OC) using the mucus of the cervix and vagina and evaluate a potential means for home testing. Methods Cervicovaginal fluid samples were obtained from ovarian cancer and normal control patients for LC-mass spectrometry(MS) proteomic evaluation. Statistical modeling determined the protein panel with the highest penetrance across ovarian cancer samples. A subcohort of patients consented to provide self-collected vaginal samples at home with questionnaire on feasibility. Cohen's kappa methodology was utilized to determine agreement between physician-collected and patient-collected samples. Results A total of 83 consecutive patient samples were collected prospectively (33 ovarian cancer & 50 controls). Thirty patients consented for self-collection. Using LC-MS, 30 peptides demonstrated independent statistical significance for detecting ovarian cancer. Using statistical modeling, the protein panel that determined the best predictor for detecting OC formed a “fingerprint” consisting of 5 proteins: s erine proteinase inhibitor A1; periplakin; profilin1; apolipoprotein A1; and thymosin beta4-like protein. These peptides demonstrated a significant increase probability of detecting ovarian cancer with the ROC curve having an AUC of 0.86 (p = 0.00001). Physician-collected and patient-collected specimens demonstrated moderate agreement with kappa average of 0.6 with upper bound of 0.75. Conclusions Using novel site-specific collection methods, we identified an OC “fingerprint” with adequate sensitivity and specificity to warrant further evaluation in a larger cohort. Agreement of physician-collected and patient-collected samples were encouraging and could improve access to screening with a home self-collection if this screening test is validated in future studies.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) change after a lung cancer diagnosis has been associated with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. This study aimed to quantify the association based on a large-scale observational study. Methods: Included in the study were 7,547 patients with NSCLC with prospectively collected BMI data from Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent covariates was used to estimate effect of time-varying postdiagnosis BMI change rate (% per month) on overall survival (OS), stratified by clinical subgroups. Spline analysis was conducted to quantify the nonlinear association. A Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis with a total of 3,495 patients further validated the association. Results: There was a J-shape association between postdiagnosis BMI change and OS among patients with NSCLC. Specifically, a moderate BMI decrease [0.5–2.0; HR = 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.25–2.67] and large BMI decrease (≥2.0; HR = 4.65; 95% CI, 4.15–5.20) were strongly associated with worse OS, whereas moderate weight gain (0.5–2.0) reduced the risk for mortality (HR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68–0.89) and large weight gain (≥2.0) slightly increased the risk of mortality without reaching statistical significance (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.86–1.42). MR analyses supported the potential causal roles of postdiagnosis BMI change in survival. Conclusions: This study indicates that BMI change after diagnosis was associated with mortality risk. Impact: Our findings, which reinforce the importance of postdiagnosis BMI surveillance, suggest that weight loss or large weight gain may be unwarranted.

Background/purpose To investigate the clinical characteristics of intraocular lymphoma and to evaluate two protocols of intravitreal methotrexate injection. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of newly-diagnosed intraocular lymphoma patients between January 2013 and January 2018 at National Taiwan University Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group A, intravitreal methotrexate was administered weekly for the initial 8 weeks, every 2 weeks for the following 12 weeks, and then monthly for 7 months. In Group B, intravitreal methotrexate was administered twice a week for the initial 2 weeks, weekly for the subsequent 2 weeks, once every 2 weeks for the next 1 month, and monthly for the last 10 months. Results A total of 12 patients were analyzed in the study; seven of these patients were allocated to Group A. Differences in the overall survival and progression-free survival between the two groups did not yield statistical significance. The median visual acuity was improved from LogMAR 0.46 to LogMAR 0.30 with borderline significance in Group A (p = 0.053). Two of seven patients in Group A and five of five patients in Group B developed punctate keratitis during intravitreal methotrexate injection treatment. Conclusion Intravitreal methotrexate is an effective and repeatable treatment for intraocular lymphoma. A new protocol with reduced frequency of intravitreal injections as shown in this study could potentially produce similar results without a worse prognosis, along with a decrease in the incidence of keratitis.

The Subdural Hematoma in the Elderly (SHE) score has been recently developed to assess the 30-day mortality in acute and chronic subdural hematomas in patients65 years and has shown good reliability. We aimed to validate the SHE score's accuracy to predict 30-day mortality on a homogeneous cohort of patients undergoing surgical chronic subdural hematoma evacuation at our Institution. We also investigated whether the SHE score could reliably predict the occurrence of 30-day chronic subdural hematoma recurrence needing surgery.We included patients from our prospectively collected database from January 2018 to January 2021. Patients with the availability of the following information were enrolled: age, Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, hematoma volume, medical history, and outcome at 30 days. The SHE score was calculated for each patient, and the association between greater scores and 30-day mortality was investigated and its ability to predict 30-day and disease recurrence. Statistical significance was assessed for P0.05.Three hundred twenty-one patients were included. Of them, 40 (12.5%) displayed mortality within 30-day: specifically, 0% of the group of patients with SHE score = 0, 4.3% of SHE score = 1, 14.5% of SHE score = 2, 39.3% of SHE score = 3, and 37.5% of SHE score = 4, with a statistically significant linear trend between greater SHE scores and 30-day mortality rates (P0.001, area under the curve 0.75 [0.67-0.82]). No significant association of the SHE score with the risk of recurrence needing surgery was detected (P = 0.4).The SHE score proved helpful in predicting 30-day mortality in patients with chronic subdural hematomas, but no utility was observed to predict disease recurrence.

Background Prone transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion (PTP-LLIF) is a recently introduced modification to standard LLIF. To date, no study has compared the radiographic outcomes of standard LLIF and PTP-LLIF. We performed a radiographic parameter-based propensity score-matched analysis to compare postoperative clinical and radiographic outcomes between PTP-LLIF and standard LLIF for degenerative lumbar spine disease. Methods A total of 30 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria. The preoperative standing scoliosis radiographs were retrospectively reviewed for global and segmental sagittal alignment. Propensity score matching was calculated using the baseline radiographic parameters. One-to-one matching of patients who had undergone PTP-LLIF with those who had a similar propensity score but had undergone standard LLIF was performed to compare the radiographic (primary) and clinical (secondary) outcomes. Results Propensity score matching resulted in 10 pairs of PTP-LLIF and standard LLIF patients. The PTP-LLIF group had had significantly better improvement in lumbar lordosis (P = 0.047). The difference in the improvement in pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis mismatch approached statistical significance for the PTP-LLIF group (P = 0.05). This led to better improvement in the short-form 12-item physical score (P = 0.03) and Oswestry disability index (P = 0.1) in the PTP-LLIF group. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in the other clinical and radiographic outcomes. The PTP-LLIF group had a shorter operative time (P = 0.4) and hospital stay (P = 0.1), without a statistically difference, and shorter radiation exposure time (P = 0.5). The standard LLIF group had experienced less intraoperative bleeding, without a statistically significant difference (P = 0.3). The mean follow-up time was 10.2 ± 5.2 months in the PTP-LLIF group and 30.9 ± 17.2 months in the standard LLIF group (P Conclusions The PTP-LLIF group showed significantly better improvement in lumbar lordosis and short-form 12-item physical score.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of erlotinib combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Eighty patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who attended Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital or Anhui Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and January 2020 were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, while those in the experimental group were treated with erlotinib tablets based on the treatment regimen of the control group. Anti-tumor efficacy evaluation was conducted for all patients in both groups, and the adverse drug reactions, improvement of performance status after treatment were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results: The overall response rate of the experimental group was 47.5%, which was significantly better than the 25% of the control group (p=0.03). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was 40%, while that in the control group was 30%. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no statistical significance (p=0.34). Moreover, the improvement rate of performance status score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0.00). Conclusion: Erlotinib combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been preliminarily proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer, which can improve the physical condition of patients to a certain extent without significantly increasing adverse reactions. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4150 How to cite this:Liu C, Yu H, Hou Y, Gao Z, Zhang Y. Clinical efficacy evaluation of Erlotinib Combined with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):118-122. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4150 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Background and purpose Radiotherapy (RT) has recently received increasing attention as an additional treatment for organ preservation after non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with superficial esophageal cancer. Esophageal stenosis is an adverse event related to RT after ESD that is not widely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate esophageal stenosis related to salvage RT in superficial esophageal cancer after non-curative ESD. Materials and methods Fifty patients who received salvage RT after non-curative ESD at a single institution between 2011 and 2018 were included in this study. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0, was used to assess esophageal stenosis. Data were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was set at P Results Median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 12–95 months). Grade 2 and 3 esophageal stenosis were observed in 17 (34%), and 3 patients (6%), respectively. The frequency of grade 2 or worse esophageal stenosis decreased over time (before RT, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after RT: 16 (32%), 13 (26%), 10 (20%), and 6 (12%) patients, respectively). Only one patient required endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) 1 year after RT. All grade 3 esophageal stenosis improved grade 2 or less by EBD. In univariate analysis, only tumor location was a significant risk factor for grade 3 esophageal stenosis. Conclusions Esophageal stenosis, after salvage RT in patients with esophageal cancer who received non-curative ESD, improved naturally or after EBD; only a few cases required long-term EBD.

Introduction: Regarding the choice of novel or traditional oral anticoagulants for the treatment of different entities of venous thromboembolism (VTE), there is contrasting, little or no evidence to put forward. We here assess the impact of various anticoagulants in reducing the length of stay (LOS) in patients with acute VTE. Objectives was: 1. To compare LOS among novel and traditional anticoagulants groups on discharge. 2. To determine the clinical risk factors responsible for lengthier hospital stay in patients having acute VTE. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective data analysis of 161 consecutively admitted patients in the Life line Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan with a recent diagnosis of VTE. Lengths of stay with various anticoagulants on discharge were compared. Bleeding complications and readmission outcomes were compared, along with determination of independent predictors by multivariate analysis for LOS among groups. Results: Patients discharged on a vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) had significantly longer hospital stay compared to patients on rivaroxaban (7.65 days vs. 5.21 days, p < 0.001). Patients discharged exclusively on enoxaparin (hospital stay duration of 3.30 days) or on a combination of enoxaparin and warfarin (hospital stay duration of 4.26 days,) when compared for LOS to rivaroxaban, showed statistical significance ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Warfarin has significant longer LOS compared to rivaroxaban. Bleeding outcomes and readmissions compared among anticoagulant discharged groups were found to be statistically insignificant. Novel anticoagulants have an observable impact on the length of hospital stay in patients with acute venous thromboembolism.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether introduction of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), leads to greater uptake and continuation at 12 and 24 months, in a population based paediatric diabetes clinic. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All T1D children and adolescents diagnosed in the 12 months following full government subsidisation of CGM were offered CGM from diagnosis at Women's and Children's Hospital, SA (Cohort 1). Uptake and continuation of CGM was compared to those diagnosed in the preceding year, who were started on CGM after diagnosis, but otherwise had identical diabetes management (Cohort 2). Demographic and clinical data was collected prospectively. The primary outcome variable was CGM wear >75% of the time at 12 and 24 months. RESULTS In Cohort 1, 84% were started on CGM at diagnosis. 88% had commenced CGM by 12 months and 90% by 24 months. In Cohort 2, CGM was started on average 10 months after diagnosis (range 1-25 months), with 81% started on CGM within 24 months of subsidisation. At 24 months, 78% of Cohort 1 and 66% of Cohort 2 were wearing CGM >75% of the time (p=0.26), higher than the WCH Clinic as a whole (58%). There was no difference in HbA1c between cohorts. CONCLUSION Starting CGM at diagnosis of T1D is feasible and well received by families, with high uptake across all ages. Although CGM continuation (wearing CGM >75% of the time) was slightly higher in Cohort 1 than Cohort 2, this did not reach statistical significance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Objective To assess prevalence of CT imaging-derived sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and visceral obesity in clinically frail and prefrail patients and determine their association with the diagnosis of frailty. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was constructed using our institution’s pelvic trauma registry and ambulatory database registry. The study included all elderly pelvic trauma patients and ambulatory outpatients between May 2016 and March 2020 who had a comprehensive geriatric assessment and CT abdomen/pelvis within 1 year from the date of the assessment. Patients were dichotomized in prefrail or frail groups. The study excluded patients with history of metastatic disease or malignancy requiring chemotherapy. Results The study cohort consisted of 151 elderly female and 65 male patients. Each gender population was subdivided into frail (114 female [75%], 51 male [78%]) and prefrail (37 female [25%], 14 male [22%]) patients. CT-imaging-derived diagnosis of osteoporosis (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.5) and sarcopenia (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2–5.6) were associated with frailty in females, but did not reach statistical significance in males. BMI and subcutaneous adipose tissue at L3 level were statistically lower in the frail male group compared to the prefrail group. BMI showed strong correlation with the subcutaneous area at the L3 level in both genders (Spearman’s coefficient of 0.8, p

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a major global public health problem causing substantial mortality among the adult population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the predictors of mortality among adult traumatic brain injury patients in Felegehiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia during 2020. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Felegehiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital using anonymized patient data obtained from chart review. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the patient characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to test for differences in survival status among groups. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used at the 5% level of significance to determine the net effect of each explanatory variable on time to death. Results: In total, 338 patients aged ≥15 years and diagnosed with traumatic brain injury were included in the analysis. Among these patients, 103 (30.45%) died, giving a crude death rate of 25.53 per 1000 (95% CI: 21.05–30.98) person-days of follow-up. The overall median survival time was 44 days. The independent predictors of mortality after diagnosis of traumatic brain injury were admission Glasgow coma scale score ≤ 8 (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 4.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.73–13.62), bilateral non-reactive pupils at admission (AHR: 2.00 (95% CI: 1.10–3.71), elevated systolic blood pressure at admission (AHR: 0.31; 95% CI:0.11–0.86), elevated diastolic blood pressure at admission (AHR: 3.54; 95% CI: 1.33–9.43), and haematoma evacuation (AHR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.16–0.90). Discussion: The Survival status of traumatic brain injury patients was relatively low in this study. Glasgow coma scale score, bilateral non-reactive pupils, and elevated blood pressure were significant predictors of mortality. Further prospective follow-up studies that include residence and occupation are recommended.

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different application techniques of ozone on the prevalence of postendodontic pain in patients undergoing single-visit root canal treatment. Methods hundred eight patients with necrotic pulp in single-rooted teeth and apical periodontitis participated in the trial. A standard single-visit endodontics protocol was followed with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and rotary nickel-titanium files. After shaping and cleaning, patients were randomly allocated into the following groups: group 1 (n = 21), ozone treatment with no activation (NA); group 2 (n = 22), ozone treatment with manual dynamic activation (MDA); group 3, (n = 21), ozone treatment with passive ultrasonic activation (PUA); group 4 (n = 23), ozone treatment with sonic activation (SA); and group 5 (n = 21), no ozone treatment (the control group). Patient levels of discomfort were recorded at 6 different time intervals using the visual analog scale (VAS). Comparison of the mean difference between the groups and time intervals was performed using 2-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results VAS scores were highest for the control > NA > MDA > SA > PUA groups. A statistically significant reduction in VAS scores was observed in the PUA and SA groups in comparison with the NA, control, and MDA groups. Timewise comparison showed a highly significant decline in VAS scores at all time intervals (P Conclusions Ultrasonic and sonic activation of ozone resulted in less pain in patients undergoing single-visit endodontics compared with no ozone treatment.

Background : The safety of COVID vaccines should be continuously followed. This study reports adverse events of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Methods : A prospective single-cohort study design was conducted to assess adverse events following immunization and associated factors of the first dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine in Ayder Comprehensive specialized hospital. A structured questionnaire was administered consecutively to 423 participants. Follow-up data were collected 72 hours after vaccination via phone. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to find associations between adverse events and independent variables. Statistical significance was declared at P Results : Out of 423 health care workers approached, 395 responded. At least one adverse event (95% CI: 63.58, 72.77) was reported by 270 participants. Local and systemic symptoms occurred in 46.8% (95% CI: 41.94, 51.79) and 58.48% (95% CI: 53.53, 63.26)], respectively. Muscle ache, fatigue, headache and fever were the most common local symptoms. No reports of hospitalization, disability or death. Age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.97, P=0.048), female sex (AOR=1.84, P=0.028), and comorbidity (AOR=2.28, P=0.040) were independent predictors of adverse events. Conclusion and recommendation : Adverse events following immunization are commonly reported after the first dose of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine; age, female sex and comorbidity are independent predictors.

AIMS Interventions to decrease readmissions in psychiatric patients are urgently needed. In Switzerland therapeutic leave (TL) composes a cornerstone of inpatient treatment. TL is a planned time-limited absence from the inpatient ward giving patients the opportunity to test their resilience in their usual environment. Evidence of its applicability as an intervention reducing readmissions is lacking. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between TL and readmission risk. METHODS Using the Kaplan-Meier curve we compared the time to readmission of 3'302 inpatients at the UPK Basel with and without TL. Cox regression was applied, integrating other covariates associated with readmission. RESULTS The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated longer cumulative survival in patients with TL. The log-rank test implied statistical significance (χ2(1) = 18.8, p

Few treatments exist for acute attacks of trigeminal neuralgia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of an intravenous fosphenytoin therapy protocol in a trigeminal neuralgia crisis. We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study of the records of 20 patients with trigeminal neuralgia who received intravenous fosphenytoin therapy (15 mg/mL in normal saline at 50 mg/min for 15 min, total 750 mg) during hospitalization between September 2015 and August 2020. Serum phenytoin concentration was measured 30 min post-infusion. Pain severity was evaluated using a numerical rating scale and was analyzed for statistical significance. The mean age of the patients was 67.5 years (female, 50.0%). The median numerical rating scale score (interquartile range) of pain severity was 2.35 (0-10), 0.65 (0-5), 0.15 (0-1), 2.00 (0-8), and 4.30 (0-10) at 15, 30, and 60 min, and 12 and 24 h, respectively (p .001); the numerical rating scale score was 10 before treatment. Reduction in pain 24 h following treatment was significant. The mean phenytoin concentration was 12.8 μg/mL 30 min post-treatment. While mild dizziness occurred in four patients, all could walk independently within 60 min. The mean age and weight of patients with mild dizziness were significantly higher and lower, respectively (p .001), than those of other patients. These results may provide physicians with new insights into the innovative therapeutic option of intravenous fosphenytoin and contribute to advancements in treating acute trigeminal neuralgia crisis.

Contains fulltext : 244575.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Within pregnancies occurring between 1986 and 2017 in Dutch kidney transplant recipients (KTR), we retrospectively compared short-term maternal and foetal outcomes between patients on calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) based (CNI+) and CNI-free immunosuppression (CNI-). We identified 129 CNI+ and 125 CNI- pregnancies in 177 KTR. Demographics differed with CNI+ having higher body mass index (P = 0.045), shorter transplant-pregnancy interval (P

OBJECTIVE The CyberKnife (CK) has emerged as an effective frameless and noninvasive method for treating a myriad of neurosurgical conditions. Here, the authors conducted an extensive retrospective analysis and review of the literature to elucidate the trend for CK use in the management paradigm for common neurosurgical diseases at their institution. METHODS A literature review (January 1990–June 2019) and clinical review (January 1999–December 2018) were performed using, respectively, online research databases and the Stanford Research Repository of patients with intracranial and spinal lesions treated with CK at Stanford. For each disease considered, the coefficient of determination (r2) was estimated as a measure of CK utilization over time. A change in treatment modality was assessed using a t-test, with statistical significance assessed at the 0.05 alpha level. RESULTS In over 7000 patients treated with CK for various brain and spinal lesions over the past 20 years, a positive linear trend (r2 = 0.80) in the system's use was observed. CK gained prominence in the management of intracranial and spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs; r2 = 0.89 and 0.95, respectively); brain and spine metastases (r2 = 0.97 and 0.79, respectively); benign tumors such as meningioma (r2 = 0.85), vestibular schwannoma (r2 = 0.76), and glomus jugulare tumor (r2 = 0.89); glioblastoma (r2 = 0.54); and trigeminal neuralgia (r2 = 0.81). A statistically significant difference in the change in treatment modality to CK was observed in the management of intracranial and spinal AVMs (p < 0.05), and while the treatment of brain and spine metastases, meningioma, and glioblastoma trended toward the use of CK, the change in treatment modality for these lesions was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests the robust use of CK for treating a wide range of neurological conditions.

We evaluated the prognostic value of metabolic parameters measured on pretreatment FDG PET/CT in patients with cervical neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs).A total of 22 patients with cervical NECs who underwent pretreatment FDG PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed. The SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary lesion were measured. The associations between prognostic factors and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.Of the 22 patients, 12 developed disease progression, and 5 died during the follow-up period. Univariate analyses revealed that MTV, TLG, and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage were significantly associated with PFS (all P0.05), whereas SUVmax did not show a significant correlation with PFS. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that patients with MTV31.9 cm3 (log-rank, P0.001), TLG154.3 (log-rank, P0.001), and higher International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (log-rank, P = 0.026) had significantly shorter PFS. In the multivariate analyses, MTV (P = 0.017; hazard ratio [HR], 7.298; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.427-37.316) and TLG (P = 0.003; HR, 15.175; 95% CI, 2.470-93.244) were independent prognostic factors, whereas for OS, the univariate analysis revealed that only TLG154.3 showed statistical significance (P = 0.043; HR, 9.821; 95% CI, 1.080-89.290).Metabolic tumor volume and TLG on FDG PET/CT were the significant prognostic factors of PFS in patients with cervical NECs. Patients with high MTV and TLG had worse clinical outcomes. In addition, TLG may also be a predictor of OS.

Background Anemia is a major health problem in the worldwide. Because of health and socioeconomic problems, the prevalence of anemia is higher in developing countries. However, there was a limited finding in our study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among under-five age children in Shanan Gibe Hospital (SGH), Southwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross sectional study was conducted at SGH, Ethiopia using consecutive convenient sampling technique during 1 January to 30 April, 2021. Data was collected by interviewing and capillary blood was taken from the fingertip for hemoglobin determination by using HaemoCue digital photometer. Additionally, stool sample was processed using wet mount and formal-ether concentration technique. Then after, the data were entered to Epidata version 3.1 and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Factors associated with anaemia were assessed by bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model by considering P Results A total of 368 under five children were recruited to the study and the current prevalence of anemia was 48.9%. Of this anemia, 25.0% mild, 15.8% moderate and 8.2% were severely anemic. More ever, being rural resident (AOR = 6.11; 95% CI = 1.49–8.99, P = 0.002), family low income (AOR = 6.27, 95% CI = 1.35–11.43, P = 0.004), family size greater than five (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI =1.47–7.11, P = 0.002) and intestinal parasite infections such as Enteameoba histolytica (AOR =3.37; 95%CI = 2.16–11.31, P = 0.005), Hookworm (AOR = 6.09; 95%CI = 2.37–11.56, P = 0.001), and Trichuris trichuria (AOR = 2.79; 95%CI = 1.45–9.13, P = 0.002) (P Conclusion The current prevalence of anemia among under five age children is relatively high. On the other hand, the rural residence, large family size, low family income, infection with Enteameoba histolytica, hookworm and Trichuris trichuria were the identified factors associated with anemia among under five children. Therefore, there should be massive and routine deworming program in addition to imperative targeting anemia prevention, and nutritional supplementation to reduce the burden of anemia.

Background: Empirical evidence suggests that stress related to a period of tribulation tends to weaken the system, further increasing the danger of diseases. Given this fact, additionally to having a high risk of contracting COVID-19, partly attributed to suboptimal protection, HCWs are susceptible to poor psychological state outcomes. Objective: This study aims to assess and compare demographic and psychological factors amongst frontline healthcare workers like young doctors Method: A cross sectional online survey was conducted by sharing Zung self-administered anxiety questionnaire using Google form. The consent was obtained from 100 participants and snowball sampling method was followed in the study. The Chi square and p value was also calculated to ascertain any significance level and association between different variables. Results: Out of 100 participants, 13(13.5%) were found to have anxiety disorder. Males were found to have higher anxiety level than females. Conclusion: The early identification of the psychological distress and a timely intervention will improve the quality of life of doctors and also reduce the severity of the psychological sequelae. © 2021, MedSci Publications. All rights reserved.